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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abcic</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ABC Imagem Cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
<issn pub-type="ppub">2318-8219</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Departamento de Imagem Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiolodia (DIC/SBC)</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20250071i</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="other">abcimg.20250071i</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Case Report</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Long-term Follow-Up of a Patient with FLNC Gene Mutation-Related Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1418-9361</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Costa</surname><given-names>Isabela Bispo Santos da Silva</given-names></name>
<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
<role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6546-221X</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Rangel</surname><given-names>Bruno Soares da Silva</given-names></name>
<role>Conception and design of the research</role>
<role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2535-4342</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Paladino</surname><given-names>Antonio Tito</given-names><suffix>Filho</suffix></name>
<role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Colombo</surname><given-names>Bruno Normande</given-names></name>
<role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Morais</surname><given-names>Thamara Carvalho</given-names></name>
<role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5645-2055</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Hajjar</surname><given-names>Ludhmila Abrahão</given-names></name>
<role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de São Paulo</institution>
<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP – Brazil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Vila Nova Star</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital Vila Nova Star, São Paulo, SP – Brazil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo, SP – Brazil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP – Brazil</institution>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c1"><label>Mailing Address:</label> <bold>Isabela Bispo Santos da Silva</bold> • Rua Dr. Alceu de Campos Rodrigues, 46, 1° andar. Postal Code: <postal-code>04544-000</postal-code>, São Paulo, SP – Brazil E-mail: <email>isabela.scosta@vilanovastar.com.br</email></corresp>
<fn fn-type="edited-by"><label>Editor responsible for the review:</label> <p>Marcelo Tavares</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="coi-statement"><label>Potential Conflict of Interest</label>
<p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p></fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
<day>03</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>38</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<elocation-id>e20250071</elocation-id>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>09</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2025</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>10</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2025</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>10</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2025</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
<title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Cardiomyopathies</kwd>
<kwd>Genetics</kwd>
<kwd>Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging</kwd>
<kwd>Arrhythmias, Cardiac</kwd>
<kwd>Sudden Cardiac Death</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<funding-group>
<funding-statement><bold>Sources of Funding</bold> There were no external funding sources for this study.</funding-statement>
</funding-group>
<counts>
<fig-count count="4"/>
<table-count count="2"/>
<equation-count count="0"/>
<ref-count count="9"/>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body>
<sec sec-type="intro">
<title>Introduction</title>
<p>Heart Failure (HF) is estimated to affect approximately 26 million people worldwide.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> In Brazil, prevalence is high, with about 2 million diagnosed patients and an incidence of roughly 240,000 new cases every year. Between 2011 and 2021, more than 2.5 million HF-related hospitalizations were recorded in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), underscoring the relevance of the disease in the national context.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> These figures highlight the need for early diagnostic strategies and etiological definition for the appropriate management of these patients. Establishing an etiological diagnosis is often challenging but essential to provide disease-specific treatments and improve prognosis. Diagnosis encompasses multimodality cardiac imaging, with Cardiac Magnetic Resonance imaging (CMR) being a useful tool for evaluating non-ischemic cardiomyopathy phenotypes and establishing an etiological diagnosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="cases">
<title>Clinical Case</title>
<p>A 52-year-old male patient presented in 2017 with exertional dyspnea and chest pain and was initially investigated by echocardiography, which revealed new left ventricular dysfunction. The patient had no known previous comorbidities or family history of cardiomyopathy. Additional investigations included CMR, which showed left ventricular enlargement and systolic dysfunction with a Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) of 38%, along with multiple non-ischemic Late Gadolinium Enhancement (LGE) foci without myocardial edema, initially interpreted as previous inflammatory cardiomyopathy (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>). The patient was then diagnosed with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF), and treatment with beta-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors was initiated.</p>
<fig id="f1">
<label>Figure 1</label>
<caption>
<title>Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging performed in 2017. A and C: LGE images in short-axis and 4-chamber views. B: short-axis cine MRI image. D: dark-blood triple inversion recovery sequence image.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-38-03-e20250071-gf01.tif"/>
</fig>
<p>In 2024, the patient was referred to our service due to persistent HFrEF, now associated with frequent palpitations. Repeat CMR was performed. The exam revealed biventricular systolic dysfunction (LVEF 42% and RVEF 40%), diffuse hypokinesia, absence of myocardial edema, elevated native T1 mapping (1120 ms) and extracellular volume fraction (42%), as well as extensive areas of non-ischemic LGE (&gt; 35% of LV mass) with a ring-like pattern (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref>), suggesting a genetic cardiomyopathy, with possible FLNC or desmoplakin mutation. Marked progression of LGE compared with the previous exam was observed.</p>
<fig id="f2">
<label>Figure 2</label>
<caption>
<title>Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging performed in 2024. A: cine MRI image; B: dark-blood triple inversion recovery sequence image; C: native T1 map; D: extracellular volume map; E and F: LGE images in short-axis and 4-chamber views, respectively, showing extensive areas of non-ischemic LGE.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-38-03-e20250071-gf02.tif"/>
</fig>
<p>Due to palpitations associated with the high burden of LGE, a 24-hour Holter monitor was performed:</p>
<list list-type="bullet">
<list-item><p>Total events: 102,754</p></list-item>
<list-item><p>Heart rate: 57-74-141 bpm</p></list-item>
<list-item><p>Ventricular ectopy 10,130 events (10%)</p>
<list list-type="bullet">
<list-item><p>9,323 isolated; 44 bigeminy; 402 couplets; one non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) with three beats.</p></list-item>
</list></list-item>
</list>
<p>Genetic testing (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>) indicated a heterozygous pathogenic variant in the FLNC gene. Clinical therapy was optimized, family screening was recommended, and an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) was placed for sudden cardiac death prevention.</p>
<table-wrap id="t1">
<label>Table 1</label>
<caption>
<title>Genetic testing</title></caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<colgroup width="16%">
<col/>
<col/>
<col/>
<col/>
<col/>
<col/>
</colgroup>
<thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
<tr style="background-color:#C58874">
<th align="center" valign="middle">Gene/Transcript</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle">Exon</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle">Variant</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle">Population frequency</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle">Zygosity</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle">Classification</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
<tr>
<td align="center" valign="middle">FLNC (NM_001458.5)</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle">4</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle">C850+1G&gt;A p.?</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle">0%</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle">Heterozygous</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle">Likely Pathogenic</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="discussion">
<title>Discussion</title>
<p>Genetic cardiomyopathies associated with mutations in the filamin C (FLNC) gene are rare and difficult to diagnose. Filamin C is a cytoskeletal protein that plays an essential role in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of cardiomyocytes. Pathogenic mutations in this gene are associated with a wide range of clinical manifestations. Truncating filamin C mutations are prevalent in dilated cardiomyopathy and Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Non-truncating filamin C mutations are more common in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) and Restrictive Cardiomyopathy (RCM). Two main pathogenic mechanisms in FLNC-related cardiomyopathy have been described: protein aggregation due to non-truncating mutations and haploinsufficiency caused by truncating mutations.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
<p>FLNC-related cardiomyopathy, manifesting as a DCM phenotype, usually presents with LV dilation, LV systolic dysfunction, and areas of myocardial fibrosis identified as LGE on CMR.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Clinical suspicion may arise in patients with recurrent or familial myocarditis, in patients with arrhythmias, or when CMR demonstrates progression of fibrosis. FLNC mutation-related cardiomyopathy is notable for its association with inflammatory pathways overlapping with classical myocarditis, representing a rare but increasingly recognized cause of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
<p>The risk of sudden cardiac death in these patients is high, mainly due to a predisposition to malignant ventricular arrhythmias such as sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. This risk justifies the early consideration of preventive strategies, such as implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), particularly in individuals with a history of complex arrhythmias or significant ventricular dysfunction.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> In the present case, ventricular dysfunction (LVEF &lt; 45%), associated with extensive fibrosis, survival greater than one year, supported ICD implantation with a class IIa recommendation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
<p>CMR plays a fundamental role in the diagnosis of non-ischemic cardiomyopathies, including those related to FLNC mutations. This exam allows both morphofunctional evaluation and tissue characterization with identification of myocardial fibrosis. The location and pattern of myocardial fibrosis, such as ring-like or diffuse, may provide valuable information for differentiating ischemic and non-ischemic etiologies, as well as correlate with prognosis and arrhythmic risk. Moreover, CMR with T1 mapping and extracellular volume quantification may be useful for the early detection of tissue changes, even in the absence of overt morphological abnormalities.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
<p>The integration of genetic, clinical, and imaging findings is essential for effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in genetic cardiomyopathies, particularly in patients such as the one described, in whom disease progression was significant. Identification of FLNC mutations should raise concern for the potential risk of refractory HF and SCD, making regular follow-up crucial for these patients.</p>
</sec>
</body>
<back>
<fn-group>
<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn1">
<label>Sources of Funding</label>
<p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
<label>Study Association</label>
<p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
<label>Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate</label>
<p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital São Luiz, Rede D’Or, under the protocol number CAAE 91628425.0.0000.0087. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn4">
<label>Use of Artificial Intelligence</label>
<p>The authors did not use any artificial intelligence tools in the development of this work.</p></fn>
</fn-group>
<sec sec-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-in-article">
<title>Availability of Research Data</title>
<p>The underlying content of the research text is contained within the manuscript.</p>
</sec>
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<volume>68</volume>
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<name><surname>von der Thüsen</surname><given-names>JH</given-names></name>
<etal/>
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<article-title>Phenotypic Variability of Filamin C-Related Cardiomyopathy: Insights from a Novel Dutch Founder Variant</article-title>
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</back>
<sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="pt">
<front-stub>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20250071</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Seguimento Clínico de Paciente com Cardiomiopatia Relacionada a Mutação no Gene da Filamina C</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1418-9361</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Costa</surname><given-names>Isabela Bispo Santos da Silva</given-names></name>
<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
<role>Redação do manuscrito</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>2</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6546-221X</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Rangel</surname><given-names>Bruno Soares da Silva</given-names></name>
<role>Concepção e desenho da pesquisa</role>
<role>Redação do manuscrito</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>2</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2535-4342</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Paladino</surname><given-names>Antonio Tito</given-names><suffix>Filho</suffix></name>
<role>Redação do manuscrito</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>2</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>3</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Colombo</surname><given-names>Bruno Normande</given-names></name>
<role>Redação do manuscrito</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>2</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name><surname>Morais</surname><given-names>Thamara Carvalho</given-names></name>
<role>Redação do manuscrito</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>2</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5645-2055</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Hajjar</surname><given-names>Ludhmila Abrahão</given-names></name>
<role>Revisão crítica do manuscrito quanto ao conteúdo intelectual importante</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>2</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>4</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP – Brasil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital Vila Nova Star, São Paulo, SP – Brasil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo, SP – Brasil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff8">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP – Brasil</institution>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c2"><label>Correspondência:</label> <bold>Isabela Bispo Santos da Silva</bold> • Rua Dr. Alceu de Campos Rodrigues, 46, 1° andar. CEP: <postal-code>04544-000</postal-code>, São Paulo, SP – Brasil E-mail: <email>isabela.scosta@vilanovastar.com.br</email></corresp>
<fn fn-type="conflict"><label>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</label>
<p>Declaro não haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="edited-by"><label>Editor responsável pela revisão:</label> <p>Marcelo Tavares</p></fn>
</author-notes>
<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
<title>Palavras-chave</title>
<kwd>Cardiomiopatias</kwd>
<kwd>Genética</kwd>
<kwd>Ressonância Magnética Cardíaca</kwd>
<kwd>Arritmias Cardíacas</kwd>
<kwd>Morte Súbita Cardíaca</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<funding-group>
<funding-statement><bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold> O presente estudo não teve fontes de financiamento externas.</funding-statement>
</funding-group>
</front-stub>
<body>
<sec sec-type="intro">
<title>Introdução</title>
<p>Estima-se que aproximadamente 26 milhões de pessoas sejam afetadas por Insuficiência Cardíaca (IC) em todo o mundo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> No Brasil, a prevalência é elevada, com cerca de 2 milhões de pacientes diagnosticados e uma incidência de aproximadamente 240 mil novos casos a cada ano. No Brasil, entre 2011 e 2021, foram registradas mais de 2,5 milhões de internações por IC no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), evidenciando a relevância da doença no contexto nacional.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Esses dados ressaltam a necessidade de estratégias de diagnóstico precoce e definição etiológica para o manejo adequado desses pacientes. O diagnóstico etiológico é, por vezes, desafiador, mas extremamente necessário para que sejam fornecidos tratamento específicos para cada patologia e melhora prognóstica. O diagnóstico envolve a multimodalidade em imagem cardíaca, e tem a Ressonância Magnética Cardíaca (RMC) como uma ferramenta útil na avaliação de fenótipos das cardiomiopatias não isquêmicas e definição do diagnóstico etiológico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="cases">
<title>Caso Clínico</title>
<p>Paciente masculino de 52 anos, com queixa de dispneia aos esforços e dor torácica em 2017, foi inicialmente investigado por ecocardiografia, que revelou nova disfunção ventricular esquerda. O paciente não apresentava comorbidades prévias conhecidas nem histórico familiar de cardiomiopatias. Investigações adicionais incluíram Ressonância Magnética Cardíaca (RMC), que mostrou aumento das dimensões do ventrículo esquerdo além de disfunção sistólica com Fração de Ejeção do Ventrículo Esquerdo (FEVE) de 38%, junto a múltiplos focos de Realce Tardio Miocárdico (RTM) de padrão não isquêmico, sem edema miocárdico, inicialmente interpretado como cardiomiopatia inflamatória prévia (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 1</xref>). Naquele momento, o paciente foi diagnóstico com IC de Fração de Ejeção Reduzida (ICFER) e iniciado tratamento com betabloqueadores e inibidores da enzima de conversão da angiotensina.</p>
<fig id="f3">
<label>Figura 1</label>
<caption>
<title>Ressonância magnética cardíaca realizada em 2017. A e C: imagens de realce tardio miocárdico em eixo curto e 4 câmaras. B: imagem de cine-RM em eixo curto. D: imagem de sequência de sangue escuro com triplo inversão (triple IR).</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-38-03-e20250071-gf01-pt.tif"/>
</fig>
<p>Em 2024, o paciente foi encaminhado ao nosso serviço devido à persistência de ICFER e atualmente associado a palpitações frequentes. Decidido repetir a RMC para avaliação. O exame revelou disfunção sistólica biventricular (FEVE 42% e FEVD 40%), hipocinesia difusa, ausência de edema miocárdico, elevação de mapa T1 nativo (1120 ms) e do volume extracelular (42%) além de extensas áreas de RTM não isquêmico (&gt; 35% da massa ventricular esquerda), com padrão <italic>ring-like</italic> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 2</xref>), sendo sugerido cardiomiopatia genética e interrogado mutação por filamina C ou desmoplaquina. Notou-se progressão acentuada do RTM em relação ao exame anterior.</p>
<fig id="f4">
<label>Figura 2</label>
<caption>
<title>Ressonância magnética cardíaca realizada em 2024. A: imagem de cine ressonância; B: imagem de sequência de sangue escuro com triplo inversão (triple IR); C: imagem de mapa T1 nativo; D: imagem de volume extracelular; E e F: imagens de realce tardio miocárdico em eixo curto e 4 câmaras, respectivamente, com extensas áreas de RTM de padrão não isquêmico.</title></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="2675-312X-abcic-38-03-e20250071-gf02-pt.tif"/>
</fig>
<p>Pela queixa de palpitações associada a acentuada quantificação do RTM, optou-se pela realização de Holter 24-horas:</p>
<list list-type="bullet">
<list-item><p>Eventos totais: 102.754</p></list-item>
<list-item><p>Frequência cardíaca: 57-74-141 bpm</p></list-item>
<list-item><p>Ectopia ventricular: 10.130 eventos (10%)</p>
<list list-type="bullet">
<list-item><p>9.323 isolados; 44 em bigeminismo; 402 em pares; uma taquicardia ventricular não sustentada (TVNS) com três batimentos.</p></list-item>
</list></list-item>
</list>
<p>O teste genético (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 1</xref>) indicou uma variante patogênica heterozigótica no gene da filamina C (FLNC). O tratamento clínico foi otimizado, indicado rastreamento de familiares e realizado implante de cardioversor-desfibrilador como prevenção de morte súbita cardíaca.</p>
<table-wrap id="t2">
<label>Tabela 1</label>
<caption>
<title>Teste genético</title></caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<colgroup width="16%">
<col/>
<col/>
<col/>
<col/>
<col/>
<col/>
</colgroup>
<thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
<tr style="background-color:#C58874">
<th align="center" valign="middle">Gene/Transcito</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle">Exon</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle">Variante</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle">Frequência na população</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle">Zigosidade</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle">Classificação</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
<tr>
<td align="center" valign="middle">FLNC (NM_001458.5)</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle">4</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle">C850+1G&gt;A p.?</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle">0%</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle">Heterozigose</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle">Provavelmente Patogênica</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="discussion">
<title>Discussão</title>
<p>As cardiomiopatias genéticas associadas a mutações no gene da filamina C (FLNC) representam uma doença rara, de difícil diagnóstico. A filamina C é uma proteína do citoesqueleto que desempenha um papel essencial na manutenção da integridade estrutural e funcional dos cardiomiócitos. Mutações patogênicas nesse gene estão associadas a uma variedade de manifestações clínicas. A filamina C truncada é prevalente na cardiomiopatia dilatada e na Cardiomiopatia Arritmogênica do Ventrículo Direito (CAVD). A filamina C não truncada é prevalente na cardiomiopatia hipertrófica e na cardiomiopatia restritiva. Dois principais mecanismos patogênicos na cardiomiopatia relacionada à filamina C foram descritos: agregação proteica resultante de mutações não truncantes e haplo insuficiência desencadeada pela truncação da filamina C.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
<p>A cardiomiopatia associada à mutação no gene da filamina C, manifesta como um fenótipo de CMD, apresenta-se normalmente com dilatação do Ventrículo Esquerdo (VE), disfunção sistólica do VE e a presença de áreas de fibrose miocárdica identificadas como realce tardio miocárdico na RMC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> A suspeita clínica pode surgir em casos de pacientes com pacientes com miocardite recorrente ou familiar, em pacientes com arritmias, que a RMC mostre evolução da fibrose. A cardiomiopatia por mutações no gene da filamina C destaca-se por sua associação com vias inflamatórias que se sobrepõem à miocardite clássica, sendo uma causa rara, mas cada vez mais reconhecida, de cardiomiopatia arritmogênica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
<p>O risco de morte súbita nesses pacientes é elevado, principalmente devido à propensão a arritmias ventriculares malignas, como taquicardia ventricular sustentada ou fibrilação ventricular. Esse risco justifica a consideração precoce de estratégias de prevenção, como o de cardioversores-desfibriladores implantáveis (CDIs), especialmente em indivíduos com antecedentes de arritmias complexas ou disfunção ventricular significativa.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> No caso apresentado, a presença de disfunção ventricular (FEVE &lt; 45%), associada a extensão área de fibrose, sobrevida maior que um ano, com grau de recomendação IIa.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
<p>A RMC tem um papel fundamental no diagnóstico das cardiomiopatias não isquêmicas, incluindo aquelas relacionadas a mutações no gene FLNC. Este exame permite uma avaliação morfofuncional, bem como a caracterização tecidual com a identificação de fibrose miocárdica. A localização e o padrão de fibrose miocárdica, como o anelado ou difuso (<italic>ring-like</italic>), pode fornecer informações valiosas para a diferenciação entre etiologias isquêmicas e não isquêmicas, além de correlacionar-se com o prognóstico e o risco arrítmico. Além disso, a RMC com o emprego do mapeamento T1 e a quantificação do volume extracelular pode ser útil na identificação precoce de alterações teciduais, mesmo na ausência de anormalidades morfológicas evidentes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
<p>A integração dos achados genéticos, clínicos e de imagem é essencial para uma abordagem diagnóstica e terapêutica eficaz nas cardiomiopatias genéticas, especialmente em pacientes como o descrito cuja progressão da doença foi acentuada. A identificação de mutações no gene da filamina C deve alertar para o potencial risco de quadros de insuficiência cardíaca refratários e risco de MSC, sendo importante o acompanhamento regular destes pacientes.</p>
</sec>
</body>
<back>
<fn-group>
<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn5">
<label>Fontes de Financiamento</label>
<p>O presente estudo não teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn6">
<label>Vinculação Acadêmica</label>
<p>Não há vinculação deste estudo a programas de pós-graduação.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn7">
<label>Aprovação Ética e Consentimento Informado</label>
<p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética do Hospital São Luiz, Rede D’Or, sob o número de protocolo CAAE 91628425.0.0000.0087. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo estão de acordo com a Declaração de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes incluídos no estudo.</p></fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn8">
<label>Uso de Inteligência Artificial</label>
<p>Os autores não utilizaram ferramentas de inteligência artificial no desenvolvimento deste trabalho.</p></fn>
</fn-group>
<sec sec-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-in-article">
<title>Disponibilidade de Dados</title>
<p>Os conteúdos subjacentes ao texto da pesquisa estão contidos no manuscrito.</p>
</sec>
</back>
</sub-article>
</article>