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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abcic</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ABC Imagem Cardiovascular</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ABC Imagem Cardiovasc.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2675-312X</issn>
<issn pub-type="ppub">2318-8219</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Departamento de Imagem Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiolodia (DIC/SBC)</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20250060i</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="other">abcimg.20250060i</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Editorial</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Transesophageal Echocardiogram Always Before TAVI?</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6275-3601</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Pinheiro</surname><given-names>Jairo Alves</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0009-3017-3002</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Pinheiro</surname><given-names>João Lucas</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2037-4686</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Dutra</surname><given-names>Lucas Velloso</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6481-6581</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Holanda</surname><given-names>Luciano</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9795-0106</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Cassar</surname><given-names>Renata de Sá</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup></xref></contrib>
<aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Sirio-Libanes</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital Sirio-Libanes, São Paulo, SP – Brazil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital do Coração</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital do Coração, São Paulo, SP – Brazil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Samaritano de São Paulo</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital Samaritano de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP – Brazil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo, SP – Brazil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Edmundo Vasconcelos</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital Edmundo Vasconcelos, São Paulo, SP – Brazil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<institution content-type="orgname">Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo</institution>
<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto do Coração</institution>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brazil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP) São Paulo, SP – Brazil</institution>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c1"><label>Mailing Address:</label> <bold>Jairo Alves Pinheiro •</bold> Hospital Sirio-Libanes – Ecocardiografia. Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 115. Postal Code: <postal-code>01308-050</postal-code>, Bela Vista, São Paulo, SP – Brazil E-mail: <email>jairoanapinheiro@gmail.com</email></corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
<day>08</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year></pub-date>
<pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
<year>2025</year></pub-date>
<volume>38</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<elocation-id>e20250060</elocation-id>
<permissions>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
<title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement</kwd>
<kwd>Transesophageal Echocardiography</kwd>
<kwd>Aortic Valve Stenosis</kwd>
<kwd>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<counts>
<fig-count count="0"/>
<table-count count="0"/>
<equation-count count="0"/>
<ref-count count="7"/>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body>
<p>Cardiovascular imaging is crucial in the selection and planning of interventions for structural heart disease.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
<p>Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has transformed the management of severe aortic stenosis (AS) in high-risk surgical populations and is currently being expanded to intermediate- and low-risk populations.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
<p>Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) offers high spatial resolution and excellent anatomical characterization of the aortic valve. However, it is a semi-invasive examination that requires preparation, fasting, and sedation. Furthermore, it can cause discomfort and poses risks, albeit low, such as esophageal perforation and bronchoaspiration.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
<p>Despite the historical importance of TEE in TAVI, its routine use prior to the procedure has been questioned. In general, in this scenario, TTE is the initial examination in the evaluation of severity quantification, ventricular function, and other associated valvular pathologies, while computed tomography angiography (CT angiography) has become the standard for planning and choosing the prosthesis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
<p>The current ACC/AHA (2020) and ESC (2021) guidelines do not recommend the systematic use of TEE before TAVI. Therefore, the flowchart focuses on TTE and CT angiography, with TEE reserved for specific situations such as: suboptimal TTE images or inconclusive CT angiography, diagnostic uncertainty or discrepancy in the severity of AS, presence of aortic regurgitation disproportionate to the degree of valve calcification, evaluation of associated valvular diseases, evaluation of suspected endocarditis, severe renal failure, allergy to iodinated contrast, and presence of atrial fibrillation where left atrial appendage occlusion is considered in combination with TAVI. In these contexts, TEE adds essential clinical information and can change the management.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
<p>Another relevant point is the use of TEE during the procedure, as it is useful in assessing prosthesis positioning, residual periprosthetic regurgitation, ventricular function, and immediate complications (annular rupture, aortic dissection, and early prosthetic dysfunction).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
<p>However, in cases selected by the Heart Team, the TAVI &quot;minimalist approach&quot; has become increasingly common. In these cases, monitoring and evaluation are performed with TTE, with TEE reserved for support in the assessment of complications, such as localization and quantification of periprosthetic regurgitation, aortic dissection, and acquired Gerbode defects.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
<p>In the context of the &quot;Heart Team,&quot; the echocardiographer is an integral part and must adopt a critical and selective approach, opting for TEE before TAVI and/or intraprocedurally only when its contribution is clear.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
<p>Therefore, the answer to the initial question is NO.</p>
<p>TEE should not be mandatory before TAVI, but rather reserved for select cases in which TTE or CT angiography cannot provide sufficient information for safe and effective planning.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
<p>In a value-based medicine environment, the performance of exams should be guided by real clinical benefit, not by automatic institutional protocols.</p>
<p>Rational use preserves their high clinical utility and avoids unnecessary risks to patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
</body>
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<sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="pt">
<front-stub>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abcimg.20250060</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Editorial</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Ecocardiograma Transesofágico Sempre Antes do TAVI?</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6275-3601</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Pinheiro</surname><given-names>Jairo Alves</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0009-3017-3002</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Pinheiro</surname><given-names>João Lucas</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2037-4686</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Dutra</surname><given-names>Lucas Velloso</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"><sup>4</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6481-6581</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Holanda</surname><given-names>Luciano</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9795-0106</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Cassar</surname><given-names>Renata de Sá</given-names></name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"><sup>6</sup></xref></contrib>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital Sirio-Libanes, São Paulo, SP – Brasil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff8">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital do Coração, São Paulo, SP – Brasil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff9">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital Samaritano de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP – Brasil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff10">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo, SP – Brasil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff11">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Hospital Edmundo Vasconcelos, São Paulo, SP – Brasil</institution>
</aff>
<aff id="aff12">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>
<named-content content-type="city">São Paulo</named-content>
<named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
</addr-line>
<country country="BR">Brasil</country>
<institution content-type="original">Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP – Brasil</institution>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c2"><label>Correspondência:</label> <bold>Jairo Alves Pinheiro •</bold> Hospital Sirio-Libanes – Ecocardiografia. Rua Dona Adma Jafet, 115. CEP: <postal-code>01308-050</postal-code>, Bela Vista, São Paulo, SP – Brasil E-mail: <email>jairoanapinheiro@gmail.com</email></corresp>
</author-notes>
<kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
<title>Palavras-chave</title>
<kwd>Substituição da Valva Aórtica Transcateter</kwd>
<kwd>Ecocardiografia Transesofagiana</kwd>
<kwd>Estenose da Valva Aórtica</kwd>
<kwd>Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</front-stub>
<body>
<p>A imagem cardiovascular é crucial na seleção e no planejamento das intervenções em Doença Cardíaca Estrutural.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
<p>O Implante Transcateter da Valva Aórtica (TAVI) transformou o manejo da estenose aórtica (EAo) grave em populações de alto risco cirúrgico e atualmente encontra-se em expansão para populações de risco intermediário e baixo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
<p>O ecocardiograma transesofágico (ETE) oferece alta resolução espacial e excelente caracterização anatômica da válvula aórtica. No entanto, trata-se de um exame semi-invasivo, que exige preparo, jejum e sedação. Além disso, pode gerar desconforto e apresenta riscos, ainda que baixos, como perfuração esofágica e broncoaspiração.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
<p>Apesar da importância histórica do ETE no TAVI, seu uso rotineiro antes do procedimento tem sido questionado. Em geral, nesse cenário, o ecocardiograma transtorácico (ETT) é o exame inicial na avaliação da quantificação da gravidade, função ventricular e outras valvulopatias associadas, enquanto a angiotomografia computadorizada (Angio TC) tornou-se o padrão para o planejamento e escolha da prótese.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
<p>As diretrizes atuais da ACC/AHA (2020) e da ESC (2021) não recomendam o uso sistemático do ETE antes do TAVI. Assim, o fluxograma é centrado no ETT e na Angio TC, com o ETE reservado para situações específicas como: imagens subótimas no ETT ou Angio TC inconclusiva, dúvida ou discrepância diagnóstica na gravidade da EAo, presença de refluxo aórtico desproporcional ao grau de calcificação valvar, avaliação de valvulopatias associadas, avaliação da suspeita de endocardite, insuficiência renal grave, alergia ao contraste iodado e presença de fibrilação atrial em que se considera a oclusão do apêndice atrial esquerdo combinado ao TAVI. Nesses contextos, o ETE acrescenta informação clínica essencial e pode alterar a conduta.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
<p>Outro ponto relevante é o uso do ETE durante o procedimento, pois ele é útil para avaliar o posicionamento da prótese, o refluxo periprotético residual, a função ventricular e as complicações imediatas (ruptura de anel, dissecção aórtica, disfunção protética precoce).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
<p>Todavia, em casos selecionados pelo &quot;Heart Team&quot;, o TAVI &quot;minimalist approach&quot; tem se tornado cada vez mais frequente. Nesses casos, o monitoramento e avaliação são realizados com o ETT, e o ETE fica reservado como apoio na avaliação de complicações como localização e quantificação do refluxo periprotético, dissecção de aorta e defeitos de Gerbode adquiridos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
<p>No contexto do &quot;Heart Team&quot;, o ecocardiografista é parte integrante e deve assumir postura crítica e seletiva, optando pelo ETE antes do TAVI e/ou intraprocedimento apenas quando a sua contribuição for clara.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
<p>Sendo assim, a resposta à pergunta inicial é NÃO.</p>
<p>O ETE não deve ser obrigatório antes do TAVI, mas sim estar reservado para casos selecionados, nos quais o ETT ou a Angio TC não podem oferecer informações suficientes para um planejamento seguro e eficaz.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
<p>Em um ambiente de medicina baseada em valor, a realização de exames deve ser guiada por benefício clínico real, e não por protocolos institucionais automáticos.</p>
<p>O uso racional preserva sua alta utilidade clínica e evita riscos desnecessários aos pacientes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
</body>
</sub-article>
</article>