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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="case-report" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.8" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ijcs</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Int. J. Cardiovasc. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2359-4802</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2359-5647</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">4wh9fyNcD693FHj67JsCvZB</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S2359-56472018000400454</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/2359-4802.20180040</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Reports</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Sirolimus-Eluting Balloon Treatment of Distal Internal Mammary Artery Anastomosis: Optical Coherence Tomography Findings</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Garcia-Guimar&#227;es</surname>
            <given-names>Marcos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Maruri-Sanchez</surname>
            <given-names>Ram&#243;n</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cuesta</surname>
            <given-names>Javier</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rivero</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bastante</surname>
            <given-names>Teresa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alfonso</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Universitario de La Princesa</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <city>Madrid</city>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="ES">Spain</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid - Spain</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Marcos Garcia-Guimaraes</bold> Calle Tutor 68 Bajo interior Izquierda. Postal Code: 28008, Madrid - Spain. E-mail: <email>marcos.garcia.guimaraes@gmail.com</email>, <email>guima85@hotmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Garcia-Guimar&#227;es M. Acquisition of data: Garcia-Guimar&#227;es M. Writing of the manuscript: Garcia-Guimar&#227;es M, Alfonso F. Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Maruri-Sanchez R, Cuesta J, Rivero F, Bastante T, Alfonso F.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <season>Jul-Aug</season>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>31</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>454</fpage>
      <lpage>456</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>25</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / methods</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Artery Disease / diagnosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Drug-Eluting Stents</kwd>
        <kwd>Treatment Outcome</kwd>
        <kwd>Sirolimus</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Drug-eluting balloons (DEB) represent an interesting alternative to current generation drug-eluting stents (DES) in selected anatomic scenarios, such as in-stent restenosis, small-vessel disease and bifurcation lesions, where the systematic implantation of DES may result less appealing.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> In particular, lesions located at the distal anastomosis of a bypass graft (an artificially created bifurcation) constitute a unique anatomic setting, where DEB may overcome some inherent limitations of DES resulting from the implantation of a metallic platform throughout the bypass graft into and across the native distal vessel.</p>
    <p>Herein we present, to the best of our knowledge, the first report of the treatment of a lesion located at the distal anastomosis of a left internal mammary artery (LIMA) to the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) with a novel sirolimus-DEB. Interestingly, optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings proved to be of major value to guide the procedure.</p>
    <p>An 83-year-old man with previous history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and ex-smoker was admitted with acute coronary syndrome. Coronary angiography revealed 3-vessel coronary artery disease, with a total occlusion at the mid-segment of the LAD and additional significant lesions at the obtuse marginal branch (OM) and mid-segment of the right coronary artery (RCA). After discussion in a Heart-Team meeting, a decision for a hybrid revascularization strategy was made. Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was performed with a LIMA anastomosed to the distal LAD and a saphenous vein graft from LIMA to OM. The postoperative period was uneventful. A week later, the scheduled percutaneous coronary intervention was successfully performed with a DES implanted at the mid RCA. However, during the procedure a revision of the bypass grafts revealed the presence of a significant lesion at the distal anastomosis of LIMA to LAD (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1A</xref>). Due to a suspicious of pseudo-stenosis secondary to edema or spasm related to the recent surgery, it was decided to reevaluate this lesion later on. The scheduled control angiogram at 1 month revealed the persistence of the same image of a severe lesion at the distal anastomosis of the LIMA. The lesion appearance remained unaltered after repeated boluses of nitroglycerin. To gain further diagnostic insights, OCT imaging was performed. This imaging technique confirmed the presence of a critical stenosis with a severely reduced lumen (minimal lumen area 1.0 mm<sup>2</sup>) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2A</xref>). After lesion predilation with a 2.0 mm semi-compliant balloon, a 2.5/15 mm sirolimus-DEB (MagicTouch, Concept Medical Inc, Surat, India) was used to treat the distal anastomosis (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1B</xref>). A good immediate result was confirmed both by angiography (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1C</xref>) and OCT (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figures 2B</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">2C</xref>). The patient was discharged the day after and remains completely asymptomatic at the 9-month follow-up.</p>
    <p>
      <fig id="f1">
        <label>Figure 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>A) Coronary angiogram depicting a significant stenosis at the distal anastomosis of LIMA to distal LAD (white arrow). B) sirolimus-DEB inflated at the lesion after predilation. C) Final angiogram reveals excellent result (yellow arrow).</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="2359-5647-ijcs-31-04-0454-80040-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>
      <fig id="f2">
        <label>Figure 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>A) Pre-intervention OCT at the zone of the LIMA to LAD anastomosis showing a reduced lumen area about 1.0 mm<sup>2</sup>. B) OCT after predilation and sirolimus-DEB inflation confirming good final result at the zone of anastomosis with an excellent lumen area (6.4 mm<sup>2</sup>). C) 3D reconstruction of final OCT run, showing from distal to proximal an &#8220;en face view&#8221; of the distal anastomosis of LIMA to LAD, confirming good result after Sirolimus-DEB. * denotes wire artefact. GW: guidewire.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="2359-5647-ijcs-31-04-0454-80040-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>The diagnosis of lesions located in the distal LIMA anastomosis may be very challenging. When these lesions are detected in the early postoperative period technical problems should be differentiated from reversible causes, such as edema or spasm. Notably, however, the value of OCT to get further diagnostic insights on these elusive lesions has not been previously reported. Our findings underscore the usefulness of this technique to disclose the underlying substrate and to assess lesion severity before intervention and to guide and optimize the results of interventions. Lesions located on LIMA distal anastomosis are frequently treated with plain balloon angioplasty, but more recently DES has been widely used. The value of DEB in this setting has not been well established.</p>
    <p>Most of the evidence on the efficacy of DEB in both in-stent restenosis and de novo lesions has been generated with first generation paclitaxel-DEB.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> However, this technology is continuously evolving and, currently, novel devices with limus-type drugs and more modern carrying systems, are available.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> We selected a novel sirolimus-DEB with a carrying system based on nanoparticles that enable an efficient drug transfer. Preclinical studies have shown that these nanocarriers have better bio-availability and in-tissue uptake, therefore, allowing a reduction in the drug dosage, therefore, potentially diminishing vessel toxicity.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Preliminary experience with these novel devices appears highly promising.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> Our findings suggest the value of sirolimus-DEB in the treatment of de novo lesions at the distal anastomosis of LIMA bypass grafts. This therapy may represent a safe and valid alternative to current-generation DES in this setting. However, further studies with long-term clinical and angiographic follow-up are required to fully elucidate the relative value of this novel strategy in this unique anatomic scenario.</p>
    <p>Novel sirolimus-DEB technology seems to be an alternative to current DES at curious scenarios such as distal LIMA bypass anastomosis. OCT may be helpful to assess the results after DEB treatment.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
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        <mixed-citation>3 Granada JF, Tellez A, Baumbach WR, Bingham B, Keng YF, Wessler J, et al. In vivo delivery and long-term tissue retention of nano-encapsulated sirolimus using a novel porous balloon angioplasty system. EuroIntervention. 2016;12(6):740-7.</mixed-citation>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relatos de Caso</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Tratamento com Bal&#227;o Farmacol&#243;gico Eluidor de Sirolimus na Anastomose Distal da Art&#233;ria Mam&#225;ria Interna: An&#225;lise de Tomografia de Coer&#234;ncia &#211;ptica</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Garcia-Guimar&#227;es</surname>
            <given-names>Marcos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Maruri-Sanchez</surname>
            <given-names>Ram&#243;n</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cuesta</surname>
            <given-names>Javier</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rivero</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bastante</surname>
            <given-names>Teresa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alfonso</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid - Espanha</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Marcos Garcia-Guimaraes</bold> Calle Tutor 68 Bajo interior Izquierda. CEP: 28008, Madrid - Espanha. E-mail: <email>marcos.garcia.guimaraes@gmail.com</email>, <email>guima85@hotmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Garcia-Guimar&#227;es M. Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Garcia-Guimar&#227;es M. Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Garcia-Guimar&#227;es M, Alfonso F. Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Maruri-Sanchez R, Cuesta J, Rivero F, Bastante T, Alfonso F.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Angioplastia Coron&#225;ria com Bal&#227;o / m&#233;todos</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a da Art&#233;ria Coronariana / diagn&#243;stico</kwd>
        <kwd><italic>Stents</italic> Farmacol&#243;gicos</kwd>
        <kwd>Resultado do Tratamento</kwd>
        <kwd>Sirolimo</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Os bal&#245;es farmacol&#243;gicos (BF) representam uma alternativa interessante para os <italic>stents</italic> farmacol&#243;gicos (SF) da gera&#231;&#227;o atual em cen&#225;rios anat&#244;micos espec&#237;ficos, como reestenose intra-<italic>stent</italic>, doen&#231;a de pequenos vasos e les&#245;es de bifurca&#231;&#227;o, quando a implanta&#231;&#227;o sistem&#225;tica de SF pode ser menos atrativa.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Em particular, as les&#245;es localizadas na anastomose distal de um enxerto de <italic>bypass</italic> (uma bifurca&#231;&#227;o criada artificialmente) constituem um ambiente anat&#244;mico &#250;nico, no qual o BF pode superar algumas limita&#231;&#245;es inerentes do SF decorrentes da implanta&#231;&#227;o de uma plataforma met&#225;lica ao longo do enxerto de <italic>bypass</italic> em e atrav&#233;s do vaso distal nativo.</p>
      <p>Apresentamos aqui, que seja de nosso conhecimento, o primeiro relato sobre o tratamento de uma les&#227;o localizada na anastomose distal de uma art&#233;ria mam&#225;ria interna esquerda (AMIE) para a art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria descendente anterior esquerda (ADAE) com o novo BF eluidor de sirolimus. Curiosamente, os achados da tomografia de coer&#234;ncia &#243;ptica (TCO) provaram ser de grande valor para orientar o procedimento.</p>
      <p>Homem de 83 anos, com hist&#243;rico de hipertens&#227;o, hiperlipidemia e ex-fumante, foi admitido com s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda. A angiografia coron&#225;ria revelou doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica coron&#225;ria em tr&#234;s vasos, com oclus&#227;o total no segmento m&#233;dio da ADAE e les&#245;es adicionais importantes no ramo marginal obtuso (RMO) e no segmento m&#233;dio da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria direita (ACD). Ap&#243;s delibera&#231;&#245;es da equipe de cardiologia, decidiu-se adotar a estrat&#233;gia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o h&#237;brida. A cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica (CRM) sem circula&#231;&#227;o extracorp&#243;rea foi realizada com a AMIE anastomosada &#224; ADAE distal e um enxerto de veia safena da AMIE ao RMO. O p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio n&#227;o apresentou intercorr&#234;ncias. Uma semana depois, foi realizada, com sucesso, a interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea programada, com SF implantado no segmento m&#233;dio da ACD. No entanto, durante o procedimento, uma avalia&#231;&#227;o dos enxertos de <italic>bypass</italic> revelou uma les&#227;o significativa na anastomose distal da AMIE at&#233; a ADAE (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 1A</xref>). Devido a uma suspeita de pseudoestenose secund&#225;ria a edema ou espasmo relacionado &#224; cirurgia recente, decidiu-se reavaliar essa les&#227;o posteriormente. O angiograma de controle programado para 1 m&#234;s revelou a persist&#234;ncia da mesma imagem de uma les&#227;o grave na anastomose distal da AMIE. A apar&#234;ncia da les&#227;o permaneceu inalterada ap&#243;s b&#243;lus repetidos de nitroglicerina. Para obter mais informa&#231;&#245;es diagn&#243;sticas, foi realizada TCO. Esta t&#233;cnica de imagem confirmou a presen&#231;a de estenose cr&#237;tica com um l&#250;men severamente reduzido (&#225;rea m&#237;nima do l&#250;men 1,0 mm<sup>2</sup>) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 2A</xref>). Ap&#243;s a pr&#233;-dilata&#231;&#227;o da les&#227;o com bal&#227;o semicomplacente de 2,0 mm, utilizou-se um BF eluidor de sirolimus de 2,5/15 mm (MagicTouch, Concept Medical Inc, Surat, &#205;ndia) para tratar a anastomose distal (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 1B</xref>). Um resultado satisfat&#243;rio imediato foi confirmado tanto pela angiografia (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 1C</xref>) quanto pela TCO (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figuras 2B</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">2C</xref>). O paciente recebeu alta no dia seguinte e permanecia completamente assintom&#225;tico aos 9 meses de seguimento.</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f3">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>(A) Angiografia coron&#225;ria mostrando estenose significativa na anastomose distal da art&#233;ria mam&#225;ria interna esquerda &#224; art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria descendente anterior esquerda distal (seta branca). (B) Bal&#227;o farmacol&#243;gico eluidor de sirolimus inflado na les&#227;o ap&#243;s a pr&#233;-dilata&#231;&#227;o. (C) Angiograma final revela excelente resultado (seta amarela).</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="2359-5647-ijcs-31-04-0454-80040-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f4">
          <label>Figura 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>(A) Tomografia de coer&#234;ncia &#243;ptica pr&#233;-interven&#231;&#227;o na zona da anastomose da art&#233;ria mam&#225;ria interna esquerda (AMIE) at&#233; a art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria descendente anterior esquerda (ADAE) mostrando &#225;rea de l&#250;men reduzida de aproximadamente 1,0 mm<sup>2</sup>. (B) Tomografia de coer&#234;ncia &#243;ptica ap&#243;s dilata&#231;&#227;o e infla&#231;&#227;o do bal&#227;o farmacol&#243;gico eluidor de sirolimus confirmando o bom resultado na zona de anastomose com excelente &#225;rea de l&#250;men (6,4 mm<sup>2</sup>). (C) Reconstru&#231;&#227;o tridimensional da execu&#231;&#227;o final da tomografia de coer&#234;ncia &#243;ptica, mostrando, da dire&#231;&#227;o distal at&#233; a proximal, a &#8220;vista cir&#250;rgica&#8221; da anastomose distal da AMIE at&#233; a ADAE , confirmando o bom resultado ap&#243;s o bal&#227;o farmacol&#243;gico eluidor de sirolimus. *Designa artefato de fio. FG: fio-guia.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="2359-5647-ijcs-31-04-0454-80040-gf02-pt.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>O diagn&#243;stico de les&#245;es localizadas na anastomose distal da AMIE pode ser bastante desafiador. Quando tais les&#245;es s&#227;o detectadas no in&#237;cio do p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio, os problemas t&#233;cnicos devem ser diferenciados de causas revers&#237;veis, como edema ou espasmo. No entanto, &#233; digno de nota que a utilidade da TCO na obten&#231;&#227;o de informa&#231;&#245;es diagn&#243;sticas adicionais sobre essas les&#245;es evasivas n&#227;o tenha sido relatada anteriormente. Nossas descobertas evidenciam a utilidade desta t&#233;cnica para expor o substrato subjacente e avaliar a gravidade da les&#227;o antes da interven&#231;&#227;o, e orientar e otimizar os resultados das interven&#231;&#245;es. As les&#245;es localizadas na anastomose distal da AMIE s&#227;o frequentemente tratadas por meio de angioplastia com bal&#227;o simples, mas, mais recentemente, os SFs t&#234;m sido amplamente utilizados. O valor do BF, neste cen&#225;rio, ainda n&#227;o est&#225; bem estabelecido.</p>
      <p>A maior parte das evid&#234;ncias sobre a efic&#225;cia do BF, tanto na reestenose intra-<italic>stent</italic> quanto em les&#245;es de novo, foi gerada com o bal&#227;o eluidor de paclitaxel de primeira gera&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> No entanto, esta tecnologia est&#225; em constante evolu&#231;&#227;o e, atualmente, novos dispositivos eluidores de f&#225;rmacos da fam&#237;lia limus e sistemas carreadores mais modernos est&#227;o dispon&#237;veis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Selecionamos o novo BF eluidor de sirolimus com um sistema de transporte baseado em nanopart&#237;culas que permitem uma transfer&#234;ncia eficiente do f&#225;rmaco. Estudos pr&#233;-cl&#237;nicos mostraram que estes nanocarreadores t&#234;m melhor biodisponibilidade e capta&#231;&#227;o no tecido, permitindo, portanto, a redu&#231;&#227;o na dosagem de f&#225;rmacos e, potencialmente, diminuindo a toxicidade no vaso.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> A experi&#234;ncia preliminar com esses novos dispositivos parece ser altamente promissora.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> Nossos achados sugerem a import&#226;ncia do BF eluidor de sirolimus no tratamento de les&#245;es de novo na anastomose distal do enxerto de <italic>bypass</italic> da AMIE. Esta terapia pode representar uma alternativa segura e v&#225;lida para os SF de gera&#231;&#227;o atual neste cen&#225;rio. No entanto, estudos adicionais, com acompanhamento cl&#237;nico e angiogr&#225;fico em longo prazo, s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para elucidar completamente o valor relativo dessa nova estrat&#233;gia neste cen&#225;rio anat&#244;mico &#250;nico.</p>
      <p>A nova tecnologia de BF eluidor de sirolimus parece ser uma alternativa aos SFs atuais em cen&#225;rios espec&#237;ficos, como a anastomose distal do enxerto de <italic>bypass</italic> da AMIE. A TCO pode ser &#250;til para avaliar os resultados ap&#243;s o tratamento com o BF.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
