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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.8" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ijcs</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Int. J. Cardiovasc. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2359-4802</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2359-5647</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">JD4fDTXnCcDKJm8SpgYJ4Nt</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S2359-56472018000400443</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/2359-4802.20180032</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Review Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Telerehabilitation for Cardiac Patients: Systematic Review</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cristo</surname>
            <given-names>Danieli de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Nascimento</surname>
            <given-names>Natan Pinto do</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dias</surname>
            <given-names>Alexandre Sim&#245;es</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sachetti</surname>
            <given-names>Amanda</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de Passo Fundo</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Rio Grande do Sul</city>
          <state>RS</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Rio Grande do Sul, RS - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <city>Rio Grande do Sul</city>
          <state>RS</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, RS - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Danieli de Cristo</bold> Rua Ludovico Della Mea, 685. Postal Code: 99040-170, Vera Cruz, Passo Fundo, RS - Brazil. E-mail: <email>danielidecristo@yahoo.com.br</email>, <email>danielidecristo2@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Cristo D, Dias AS, Sachetti A. Acquisition of data: Cristo D, Nascimento NP, Sachetti A. Analysis and interpretation of the data: Cristo D, Nascimento NP, Sachetti A. Statistical analysis: Cristo D. Writing of the manuscript: Cristo D, Sachetti A. Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Cristo D, Dias AS, Sachetti A.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <season>Jul-Aug</season>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>31</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>443</fpage>
      <lpage>450</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>04</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>16</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>16</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <p>Cardiovascular rehabilitation is one nonpharmacological intervention used to treat cardiovascular diseases. Despite the proven benefits of cardiovascular rehabilitation, the adherence of patients with heart disease is low. Thus, the alternative of telerehabilitation has gained importance, and many studies are being carried out to verify its efficacy.</p>
        <p>To review the literature and assess the efficacy of telerehabilitation for the cardiac population.</p>
        <p>This is a systematic review of the literature. The search was conducted in the electronic databases MEDLINE/PubMed (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), PubMed Central<sup>&#174;</sup> (PMC), Cochrane Library, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), using the combination of descriptors, including terms of the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and its entry terms. The MeSH terms used in combination were: &#8220;telerehabilitation&#8221; AND &#8220;cardiac rehabilitation&#8221; (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>). Then, a manual search by use of the articles selected, as well as a search in the gray literature, was conducted.</p>
        <p>The search strategy collected 154 studies, of which 109 were excluded because of duplication in the databases and 29 for not being clinical studies. Sixteen clinical studies were included for full analysis, of which 2 were excluded for being prospective, 2 for being duplicate and 5 for not including any outcome. Thus, 7 studies were included.</p>
        <p>Cardiac rehabilitation using telerehabilitation is a feasible and safe alternative to conventional rehabilitation, and has high adherence of patients with heart disease. It can be added to conventional cardiovascular rehabilitation programs or used in isolation.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiac Rehabilitation</kwd>
        <kwd>Telerehabilitation</kwd>
        <kwd>Physical Therapy Specialty</kwd>
        <kwd>Review</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are increasingly frequent. Their epidemiology has been compared to that of the great epidemics of the past centuries.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in recent decades, approximately 30% of a total of 50 million deaths were caused by CVD, 17 million people worldwide.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Similarly, Brazil has equally alarming indices, with CVD as the major cause of death, representing 30% of all causes of death recorded, and being the third major cause of hospitalization in the country.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> In addition, WHO states that those diseases are a threat to the socioeconomic development, mainly due to the large number of premature deaths that could be prevented by reducing the risk factors.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Some nonpharmacological interventions are used to treat CVD, such as cardiovascular rehabilitation (CVR), consisting in the set of interventions aimed at improving the patients&#8217; physical, psychological and social conditions.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> Over the past 40 years, the role of the CVR services in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events has been recognized and accepted by health organizations, and the interventions used in the care provided to patients with CVD have proved fundamental to treat those individuals.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Despite the confirmed CVR benefits, low adherence of the patients with CVD has been observed. Some studies have attributed it to the lack of transportation for the patients, lack of time, return to work or financial problems, those being the major hindrances to participation in CVR programs. Some authors have reported that only 27% of the patients adhere to CVR.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Therefore, different strategies to encourage physical exercise and changes in behavior and lifestyle are necessary and should be implemented to modify the patients&#8217; risk factors, preventing new cardiovascular events and enabling the patients&#8217; return to their usual daily activities.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Considering all that and the recent technological advance, an alternative to conventional CVR has been the use of the technology of telemedicine,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> which proposes the delivery of healthcare services by use of information and communication technologies in situations where a health professional and a patient (or two health professionals), each in a different place, can communicate in real time, or even enables data storage for further analysis, consultation and opinion. In addition, it provides the safe transmission of medical data via texts, sounds and images required for prevention, diagnosis, treatment and patients&#8217; follow-up.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Rehabilitation using telemedicine resources is known as telerehabilitation and has gained importance. Several ongoing studies are assessing its efficacy, but they are heterogeneous and use different tools to conduct telerehabilitation. Thus, this study was aimed at reviewing the literature and assessing the efficacy of telerehabilitation for cardiac patients.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Methodology</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Study design and search strategy</title>
        <p>This is a systematic review of the literature, which does not require Ethics Committee in Research approval, but is being analyzed by the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). In addition, this systematic review has met the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The search was conducted in the electronic databases MEDLINE/PubMed (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), PubMed Central<sup>&#174;</sup> (PMC), Cochrane Library, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), using the combination of descriptors, including terms of the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and its entry terms. The MeSH terms used in combination were: &#8220;telerehabilitation&#8221; AND &#8220;cardiac rehabilitation&#8221; (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>). Then, a manual search by use of the articles selected, as well as a search in the gray literature, was conducted.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t1">
          <label>Table 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Search strategy used in PubMed</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="10%"/>
              <col width="90%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">#1</td>
                <td align="center">("Telerehabilitation"[mesh] OR "Telerehabilitations" OR "Tele-rehabilitation" OR "Tele rehabilitation" OR "Tele-rehabilitations" OR "Remote Rehabilitation" OR "Rehabilitation, Remote" OR "Rehabilitations, Remote" OR "Remote Rehabilitations" OR "Virtual Rehabilitation" OR "Rehabilitation, Virtual" OR "Rehabilitations, Virtual" OR "Virtual Rehabilitations")</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">#2</td>
                <td align="center">("Cardiac rehabilitation" [mesh] OR "Cardiac Rehabilitations" OR "Rehabilitation, Cardiac" OR "Rehabilitations, Cardiac" OR "Cardiovascular Rehabilitation" OR "Cardiovascular Rehabilitations" OR "Rehabilitation, Cardiovascular" OR "Rehabilitations, Cardiovascular")</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">#3</td>
                <td align="center">(randomized controlled trial[pt] OR controlled clinical trial[pt] OR randomized controlled trials[mh] OR random allocation[mh] OR double-blind method[mh] OR single-blind method[mh] OR clinical trial[pt] OR clinical trials[mh] OR ("clinical trial"[tw]) OR ((singl*[tw] OR doubl*[tw] OR trebl*[tw] OR tripl*[tw]) AND (mask*[tw] OR blind*[tw])) OR ("latin square"[tw]) OR placebos[mh] OR placebo*[tw] OR random*[tw] OR research design[mh:noexp] OR follow-up studies[mh] OR prospective studies[mh] OR cross-over studies[mh] OR control*[tw] OR prospectiv*[tw] OR volunteer*[tw]) NOT (animal[mh] NOT human[mh])</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">#4</td>
                <td align="center">(#1 AND #2 AND #3)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Inclusion and exclusion criteria</title>
        <p>This study included all randomized or nonrandomized clinical trials found in the databases, published in Portuguese, English or Spanish, with the full text available and no date restriction, conducted in human beings aged at least 18 years, in which patients with CVD participated in CVR programs, using telerehabilitation or telemedicine resources.</p>
        <p>Studies with the following characteristics were excluded: duplicate studies; not performed in human beings; not published in full text; whose population had been studied in more than one study and whose outcomes were similar, situations in which the first study was considered for inclusion in this review.</p>
        <p>Two reviewers evaluated independently the abstracts. The studies selected had their full text assessed for inclusion according to the criteria established.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Identification and selection of studies</title>
        <p>Two reviewers independently read the titles and abstracts of each pre-selected study, identifying separately the articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In the next phase, each reviewer read the full articles that met the criteria presented in the abstract, and selected only those compatible with the criteria proposed for this systematic review. In case of doubt, a third reviewer would be consulted; however, in this study, there was no disagreement between the first two reviewers.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Data extraction</title>
        <p>Two researchers were responsible for data extraction. The following characteristics were extracted from the studies: title, authors, publication year, name of the scientific journal of publication, publication form, keywords, geographical origin, study design, sample size, methods, study period, instrument used for telerehabilitation, other results and conclusions. In addition, the following data about the participants of each study were recorded: number, sex, age, interventions performed, rehabilitation time, outcomes. The risk of bias of the randomized clinical trials was assessed by using the Cochrane Collaboration&#8217;s tool (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t2">
          <label>Table 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Risk of bias of the randomized clinical trials - Cochrane Collaboration's tool</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="12%"/>
              <col width="12%"/>
              <col width="12%"/>
              <col width="12%"/>
              <col width="12%"/>
              <col width="12%"/>
              <col width="12%"/>
              <col width="12%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Domain</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="7" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid;background-color:#C5C6C8">Studies</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Vieira, 2017</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Brouwers, 2017</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Piotrowicz, 2015</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Bernocchi, 2017</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Szalewska, 2015</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Korzeniowska-kubacka, 2015</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Piotrowicz, 2014</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Selection bias</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">1. Sequence generation</td>
                <td align="center">Low risk</td>
                <td align="center">Low risk</td>
                <td align="center">High risk</td>
                <td align="center">Low risk</td>
                <td align="center">High risk</td>
                <td align="center">High risk</td>
                <td align="center">High risk</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">2. Allocation concealment</td>
                <td align="center">Low risk</td>
                <td align="center">Low risk</td>
                <td align="center">High risk</td>
                <td align="center">Low risk</td>
                <td align="center">High risk</td>
                <td align="center">High risk</td>
                <td align="center">High risk</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Performance bias</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">3. Blinding of study participants and personnel</td>
                <td align="center">Uncertain risk</td>
                <td align="center">High risk</td>
                <td align="center">Uncertain risk</td>
                <td align="center">High risk</td>
                <td align="center">High risk</td>
                <td align="center">High risk</td>
                <td align="center">High risk</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Detection bias</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">4. Blinding of outcome assessors</td>
                <td align="center">Uncertain risk</td>
                <td align="center">High risk</td>
                <td align="center">Uncertain risk</td>
                <td align="center">Low risk</td>
                <td align="center">High risk</td>
                <td align="center">High risk</td>
                <td align="center">High risk</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Attrition bias</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">5. Incomplete outcome data</td>
                <td align="center">Low risk</td>
                <td align="center">Low risk</td>
                <td align="center">Low risk</td>
                <td align="center">Low risk</td>
                <td align="center">Low risk</td>
                <td align="center">Low risk</td>
                <td align="center">Low risk</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Reporting bias</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">6. Selective outcome reporting</td>
                <td align="center">Low risk</td>
                <td align="center">Low risk</td>
                <td align="center">Low risk</td>
                <td align="center">Low risk</td>
                <td align="center">Low risk</td>
                <td align="center">Low risk</td>
                <td align="center">Low risk</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Other biases</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">7. Other sources of bias</td>
                <td align="center">Low risk</td>
                <td align="center">Low risk</td>
                <td align="center">Low risk</td>
                <td align="center">Low risk</td>
                <td align="center">Low risk</td>
                <td align="center">Low risk</td>
                <td align="center">Low risk</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Data analysis</title>
        <p>Data analysis was performed in a descriptive and qualitative form, being presented as figure and tables.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <p>This systematic review gathered 154 studies identified through the determined search strategy in electronic databases. Of those 154 studies, 109 were excluded due to duplication in databases, 29 were excluded because of being abstracts, systematic reviews or other studies. Thus, 16 clinical trials were included for complete analysis, of which 2 were excluded because of their prospective character, 2 were excluded due to cohort duplication, and 5 were excluded for not contemplating an outcome. Thus, 7 studies were included for complete analysis in this review (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f1">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Flowchart of the selection of the studies.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="2359-5647-ijcs-31-04-0443-80032-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>Data regarding the methodology and results of the studies included in this review are shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 3</xref>. They assessed the effectiveness of telerehabilitation as compared to conventional CVR, in addition to comparing the effectiveness of conventional CVR to that of hybrid cardiac rehabilitation (HCR), in which the patient practices the exercises at home using sensors that transmit information to the rehabilitation center. Some studies&#8217; outcomes were as follows: influence of rehabilitation on oxygen consumption (VO<sub>2</sub>), physical capacity, acceptance and efficacy of the technique in different patients. Of the underlying pathologies that led the patients to look for rehabilitation, the following stand out: coronary artery disease (CAD), chronic heart failure (CHF) and diabetes mellitus (DM).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t3">
        <label>Table 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Methodology and results of the studies included</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="16%"/>
            <col width="16%"/>
            <col width="16%"/>
            <col width="16%"/>
            <col width="16%"/>
            <col width="16%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Author/Year</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Groups</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">N</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Objective</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Technique / Instruments</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Conclusion</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Vieira et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> 2017</td>
              <td align="center">G1 = home CVR + KinectG2 = home CVR + booklet G3 = usual care</td>
              <td align="center">N = 33G1 = 11G2 = 11G3 = 11</td>
              <td align="center">To assess the effect of a home-based phase III CVR specific exercise program, for 6 months, on changes in executive function, quality of life and depression, anxiety and stress of individuals with CAD.</td>
              <td align="center">Compared G1 x G2 x G3G1 = Specific Kinect software G2 = Booklet with exercisesG3 = Guidance on risk factors and encouragement of walking</td>
              <td align="center">G1 showed better performance regarding executive function, mainly in conflict resolution and attention.</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Brouwers et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> 2017</td>
              <td align="center">CG = CVR at a centerIG = home-based telerehabilitation</td>
              <td align="center">N = 300GC = 150GI = 150</td>
              <td align="center">To compare cardiac telerehabilitation with conventional CVR, regarding behavior change and physical activity level in patients with CAD.</td>
              <td align="center">IG: Web App for patients to adjust their rehabilitation goals, inspect their trainings and physical activity data; such data are shared, and video consultation is available; heart rate monitor; accelerometer.</td>
              <td align="center">Telerehabilitation using modern technology and behavior change strategies results in better long-term physical activity levels as compared to conventional CVR for patients with CAD.</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Piotrowicz et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> 2015</td>
              <td align="center">CG = control TG = home-based telerehabilitation</td>
              <td align="center">N = 111GC = 77GT = 34</td>
              <td align="center">To assess the influence of reversion of depression (Beck score) and physical capacity improvement (VO<sub>2</sub> peak) in patients with CAD.</td>
              <td align="center">TG: 5-10-minute warm-up, Nordic training (walking) for 15-45min, and 5-minute cool-down. Patients trained 5 times per week, for 8 weeks, and received an instrument for data transmission through the cellular phone. <break/> CG: No exercise prescription. All participants were instructed on healthy lifestyle.</td>
              <td align="center">Home-based rehabilitation using telerehabilitation resulted in reversion of depression and improvement in physical capacity of patients with CHF.</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Bernocchi et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> 2017</td>
              <td align="center">IG = intervention/telerehabilitation groupCG = control group</td>
              <td align="center">N = 112GI = 56GC = 56</td>
              <td align="center">To assess the feasibility and efficacy of an integrated home-based telerehabilitation program in patients with COPD + CHF.</td>
              <td align="center">IG: weekly phone calls, instructions/lifestyle, supervised exercise with oximeter;CG: medications, O<sub>2</sub> and visits, instructions on how to practice the exercise of their choice, without supervision.</td>
              <td align="center">The IG increased the walked distance, while the CG showed no significant improvement. MRC dyspnea scale and Barthel index improved in IG as compared to CG in 4 months. IG kept the benefits acquired for 6 months. This 4-month telerehabilitation program was feasible and effective for patients with COPD and CHF.</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Szalewska et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> 2015</td>
              <td align="center">CRD = cardiac rehabilitation with DMCCR = cardiac rehabilitation without DM</td>
              <td align="center">N = 125RCD = 37RCC = 88</td>
              <td align="center">To compare the effects of HCR in patients with CAD with and without DM.</td>
              <td align="center">Both groups trained for 10 days at the rehabilitation center, received instructions, and then passed to home-based rehabilitation, during which they were monitored with tele-ECG and trained with supervised exercises. The device enabled recording ECG data from 3 precordial leads and their transmission through a cellular phone network to the monitoring center. A cellular phone was also used for daily voice communication between the patient and the doctor who asked about the patient's health status.</td>
              <td align="center">HCR was effective for patients with DM. Adherence to HCR was high. Patients with DM had higher rates of obesity and significantly lower tolerance to exercise than those without DM. Patients of both groups had similar benefits regarding physical capacity, heart rate at rest and heart rate recovery.</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Korzeniowska-Kubacka et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> 2015</td>
              <td align="center">Men after AMI: 57Women after AMI: 30</td>
              <td align="center">N = 87</td>
              <td align="center">To compare the influence of HCR on the physical capacity, safety, adherence and return to work of post-AMI male and female patients.</td>
              <td align="center">Ten rehabilitation sessions were performed at the center, and the others at home with tele-ECG monitoring. Before and after the trainings, all patients underwent a symptom-limited exercise stress test. The evaluation included the results of exercise tests.</td>
              <td align="center">HCR resulted in a comparable improvement in physical capacity in post-AMI low-risk male and female patients. Although HCR facilitated patients' adherence to the training program, their return to work was significantly greater only in post-AMI men.</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Piotrowicz et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> 2014</td>
              <td align="center">Telerehabilitation Group: all participants practiced 3 days at a center and 4 months at home.</td>
              <td align="center">N = 365</td>
              <td align="center">To assess the implementation and feasibility of a wide home-based cardiac telerehabilitation program for patients with CVD, as well as its safety, and the patients' acceptance and adherence to the program.</td>
              <td align="center">Participants underwent a 4-week HCR based on walking, Nordic walking or cycle ergometer training. They were monitored via telephone with a device to record ECG and to transmit data via cellular phone to the monitoring center. Automatic ECG recording was pre-defined and coordinated. The influence on physical capacity was assessed by comparing the changes in: time of the exercise test, functional capacity, distance in 6-minute walk test at the beginning and end of the program. All participants used an APP for ECG and BP transmission.</td>
              <td align="center">HCR resulted in a significant improvement in all parameters. It is a feasible and safe form of rehabilitation, well accepted by patients. The adherence to HCR was high and promising.</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN1">
            <p>Kinect: movement sensor; Booklet: with information and guidance about the practice of the exercises; CAD: coronary artery disease; CHF: chronic heart failure; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM: diabetes mellitus; AMI: acute myocardial infarction; CVD: cardiovascular disease; Tele-ECG: electrocardiogram transmission system; HCR: hybrid cardiac rehabilitation; APP: application for data transmission; MRC: Medical Research Council; BP: blood pressure.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>The present systematic review of the literature analyzed seven clinical trials involving telerehabilitation for patients with CVD, adding up to a sample of 1,133 patients. The studies were heterogeneous regarding both their populations and interventions; thus, a meta-analysis could not be performed.</p>
      <p>Catalina et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> have suggested that CAD is still one of the major causes of premature death in Europe and worldwide, being considered a public health problem. Considering that, some studies have assessed the effects of CVR and telerehabilitation on patients with CAD. According to Vieira et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> the group undergoing telerehabilitation performed better in executive functions, conflict resolution and attention as compared to the group undergoing conventional CVR. According to Brouwers et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> telerehabilitation has provided better physical activity levels in the long run as compared to conventional CVR. Likewise, other authors have evidenced that patients with CAD submitted to telerehabilitation showed a significant increase in their daily activity level and VO<sub>2</sub> peak after 6 weeks.</p>
      <p>Hybrid cardiac rehabilitation has been used for patients with CAD. Szalewska et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> have compared the use of that technique in patients with CAD and DM and patients with DAC but without DM. Those authors have reported that adherence to HCR was high, and that HCR was effective in patients with and without DM.</p>
      <p>According to Bocchi et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> heart failure (HF) is the common end of most heart diseases, being classified as an epidemic and representing one of the most important current clinical challenges in health care. Telemedicine has been increasingly used for that population. In a clinical study with 111 patients with HF, Piotrowicz et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> have shown that home-based rehabilitation using telerehabilitation caused reversion of depression and improved physical capacity in those patients.</p>
      <p>Corroborating the results demonstrated, Bernocchi et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> have suggested, in a study with 112 patients diagnosed with HF and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), that a home-based telerehabilitation program increased the walked distance, reduced the dyspnea and improved the functionality of those individuals as compared to those of the group undergoing conventional CVR, confirming the feasibility and effectiveness of telerehabilitation programs for patients with HF and COPD.</p>
      <p>Hybrid cardiac rehabilitation has also been used for post-acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. In a study with 87 post-AMI patients, the authors have evidenced that HCR facilitated patients&#8217; adherence to the training program, but the return-to-work indices were higher in men than in women, although the physical capacity improvement was similar for both sexes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Similarly to the studies assessed, Piotrowicz et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> have confirmed in a sample of 365 patients that HCR using telerehabilitation resulted in a significant improvement in functional capacity, being a feasible, safe and well accepted rehabilitation form, with a high index of patients&#8217; adherence.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusion</title>
      <p>After analyzing the studies, we concluded that HCR and home-based rehabilitation using telerehabilitation are feasible and safe alternatives, with high adherence by patients with CVD. They can be added to conventional CVR programs or be used in isolation. In addition, they help to improve depression, functional capacity and the physical activity level.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Ethics approval and consent to participate</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigos de Revis&#227;o</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Telerreabilita&#231;&#227;o em Pacientes Cardiopatas: Revis&#227;o Sistem&#225;tica</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cristo</surname>
            <given-names>Danieli de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Nascimento</surname>
            <given-names>Natan Pinto do</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dias</surname>
            <given-names>Alexandre Sim&#245;es</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sachetti</surname>
            <given-names>Amanda</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Rio Grande do Sul, RS - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, RS - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Danieli de Cristo</bold> Rua Ludovico Della Mea, 685. CEP: 99040-170, Vera Cruz, Passo Fundo, RS - Brasil. E-mail: <email>danielidecristo@yahoo.com.br</email>, <email>danielidecristo2@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Cristo D, Dias AS, Sachetti A. Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Cristo D, Nascimento NP, Sachetti A. An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Cristo D, Nascimento NP, Sachetti A. An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Cristo D. Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Cristo D, Sachetti A. Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Cristo D, Dias AS, Sachetti A.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <p>Dentre as interven&#231;&#245;es n&#227;o farmacol&#243;gicas utilizadas no tratamento das doen&#231;as cardiovasculares encontra-se a reabilita&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular. Apesar dos benef&#237;cios comprovados da reabilita&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular, verifica-se um baixo &#237;ndice de ades&#227;o dos pacientes cardiopatas; para tanto, uma alternativa vem sendo realizada, a telerreabilita&#231;&#227;o tem ganhado espa&#231;o e muitos estudos est&#227;o sendo realizados para verificar sua efic&#225;cia.</p>
        <p>Revisar a literatura e verificar a efic&#225;cia da telerreabilita&#231;&#227;o na popula&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca.</p>
        <p>Trata-se de uma revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica da literatura, com busca realizada nas fontes de dados eletr&#244;nicas MEDLINE/PubMed (<italic>Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online</italic>), PubMed Central<sup>&#174;</sup> (PMC), <italic>Cochrane Library</italic>, <italic>Physiotherapy Evidence Database</italic> (PEDro), utilizando a combina&#231;&#227;o de descritores, incluindo termos do <italic>Medical Subject Headings</italic> (MeSH) e seus <italic>entry terms</italic>. Os termos MeSH utilizados em conjunto foram: &#8220;telerehabilitation&#8221; AND &#8220;cardiac rehabilitation&#8221;. Posteriormente, foi realizada busca manual por meio de artigos selecionados, e busca na literatura cinza.</p>
        <p>A estrat&#233;gia de busca reuniu 154 estudos, dos quais 109 foram exclu&#237;dos por estarem duplicados nas bases de dados e 29 por n&#227;o serem estudos cl&#237;nicos. Foram inclu&#237;dos 16 estudos cl&#237;nicos para an&#225;lise na &#237;ntegra, dos quais 2 foram exclu&#237;dos por serem prospectivos, 2 por duplicidade de amostras e 5 por n&#227;o contemplarem desfecho. Ao final, foram inclu&#237;dos 7 estudos.</p>
        <p>A reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca utilizando telerreabilita&#231;&#227;o &#233; uma alternativa vi&#225;vel e segura, apresenta alta ades&#227;o dos pacientes cardiopatas e pode ser utilizada em adi&#231;&#227;o aos programas de reabilita&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular convencionais ou ainda de maneira isolada.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares</kwd>
        <kwd>Reabilita&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Telerreabilita&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Fisioterapia</kwd>
        <kwd>Revis&#227;o</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>As doen&#231;as cardiovasculares (DCVs) mostram-se cada vez mais frequentes. Sua epidemiologia tem sido comparada &#224;s grandes endemias dos s&#233;culos passados.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Segundo a Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial da Sa&#250;de (OMS), nas &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas, de um total de 50 milh&#245;es de mortes, aproximadamente 30% foram causadas pelas DCVs, 17 milh&#245;es de pessoas em todo mundo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Da mesma maneira, o Brasil apresenta &#237;ndices igualmente alarmantes, com as DCVs como a principal causa de morte, representando 30% de todas as causas de morte registradas, al&#233;m de figurar como a terceira maior causa de interna&#231;&#245;es hospitalares no pa&#237;s.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Al&#233;m disso, a OMS registra que essas doen&#231;as representam uma amea&#231;a ao desenvolvimento social e econ&#244;mico, sobretudo devido &#224; grande propor&#231;&#227;o de &#243;bitos que ocorrem prematuramente e que poderiam ser evitados com a diminui&#231;&#227;o dos fatores de risco.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Dentre as interven&#231;&#245;es n&#227;o farmacol&#243;gicas utilizadas no tratamento das DCVs est&#225; a reabilita&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular (RCV), que &#233; caracterizada como a soma de interven&#231;&#245;es que objetivam e proporcionam melhores condi&#231;&#245;es f&#237;sicas, psicol&#243;gicas e sociais para os indiv&#237;duos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> Nos &#250;ltimos 40 anos, o papel dos servi&#231;os de RCV na preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria de eventos cardiovasculares &#233; reconhecido e aceito pelas organiza&#231;&#245;es de sa&#250;de, tendo as interven&#231;&#245;es utilizadas no cuidado dos pacientes com DCV se mostrado fundamental no tratamento desses indiv&#237;duos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Apesar dos benef&#237;cios comprovados da RCV, verifica-se um baixo &#237;ndice de ades&#227;o dos pacientes cardiopatas. Alguns estudos apontam a falta de transporte, falta de tempo, retorno ao trabalho ou problemas financeiros como principais impeditivos para participa&#231;&#227;o nos programas de RCV. Alguns autores sugerem que apenas 27% dos pacientes seguem na RCV.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Sendo assim, &#233; necess&#225;rio que diferentes estrat&#233;gias que envolvam incentivo ao exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico, mudan&#231;a comportamental e de estilo de vida sejam implementadas para que haja modifica&#231;&#227;o dos fatores de risco desses indiv&#237;duos, evitando assim, ocorr&#234;ncia de novos eventos cardiovasculares e possibilitando o retorno &#224;s suas atividades habituais.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Nesse sentido e considerando o avan&#231;o tecnol&#243;gico, uma alternativa &#224; RCV convencional vem sendo realizada utilizando a tecnologia da telemedicina,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> que prop&#245;e a presta&#231;&#227;o de servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de por meio do uso de informa&#231;&#227;o e tecnologias de comunica&#231;&#227;o em situa&#231;&#245;es nas quais um profissional de sa&#250;de e um paciente (ou dois profissionais de sa&#250;de) n&#227;o se encontram no mesmo local, podendo os interlocutores se comunicar em tempo real, ou possibilitando o armazenamento de dados para an&#225;lise e resposta ou opini&#227;o posterior. Disponibiliza transmiss&#227;o segura de dados m&#233;dicos e informa&#231;&#245;es por meio de texto, sons e imagens necess&#225;rios para preven&#231;&#227;o, diagn&#243;stico, tratamento e acompanhamento de pacientes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A reabilita&#231;&#227;o utilizando componentes da telemedicina &#233; conhecida como telerreabilita&#231;&#227;o e tem ganhado espa&#231;o. Muitos estudos est&#227;o sendo realizados para verificar sua efic&#225;cia, mas s&#227;o heterog&#234;neos e utilizam v&#225;rios instrumentos para realizar a telerreabilita&#231;&#227;o. Sendo assim, este trabalho tem por objetivo revisar a literatura e verificar a efic&#225;cia da telerreabilita&#231;&#227;o na popula&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Metodologia</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Desenho do estudo e estrat&#233;gia de busca</title>
          <p>Trata-se de uma revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica da literatura. Sendo assim, n&#227;o foi necess&#225;ria aprova&#231;&#227;o de um Comit&#234; de &#201;tica e Pesquisa, estando sob an&#225;lise no <italic>International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews</italic> (PROSPERO). Essa revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica seguiu tamb&#233;m as recomenda&#231;&#245;es do <italic>Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses</italic> (PRISMA). A busca foi realizada nas fontes de dados eletr&#244;nicas MEDLINE/PubMed (<italic>Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online</italic>), PubMed Central<sup>&#174;</sup> (PMC), Cochrane Library, <italic>Physiotherapy Evidence Database</italic> (PEDro), utilizando a combina&#231;&#227;o de descritores, incluindo termos do <italic>Medical Subject Headings</italic> (MeSH) e seus <italic>entry terms</italic>. Os termos MeSH utilizados em conjunto foram: &#8220;<italic>telerehabilitation</italic>&#8221; AND &#8220;<italic>cardiac rehabilitation</italic>&#8221; (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Tabela 1</xref>). Posteriormente, foi realizada busca manual por meio de artigos selecionados e busca na literatura cinza.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t4">
            <label>Tabela 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Estrat&#233;gia de busca utilizada no PubMed</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="10%"/>
                <col width="90%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">#1</td>
                  <td align="center">("Telerehabilitation"[mesh] OR "Telerehabilitations" OR "Tele-rehabilitation" OR "Tele rehabilitation" OR "Tele-rehabilitations" OR "Remote Rehabilitation" OR "Rehabilitation, Remote" OR "Rehabilitations, Remote" OR "Remote Rehabilitations" OR "Virtual Rehabilitation" OR "Rehabilitation, Virtual" OR "Rehabilitations, Virtual" OR "Virtual Rehabilitations")</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">#2</td>
                  <td align="center">("Cardiac rehabilitation" [mesh] OR "Cardiac Rehabilitations" OR "Rehabilitation, Cardiac" OR "Rehabilitations, Cardiac" OR "Cardiovascular Rehabilitation" OR "Cardiovascular Rehabilitations" OR "Rehabilitation, Cardiovascular" OR "Rehabilitations, Cardiovascular")</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">#3</td>
                  <td align="center">(randomized controlled trial[pt] OR controlled clinical trial[pt] OR randomized controlled trials[mh] OR random allocation[mh] OR double-blind method[mh] OR single-blind method[mh] OR clinical trial[pt] OR clinical trials[mh] OR ("clinical trial"[tw]) OR ((singl*[tw] OR doubl*[tw] OR trebl*[tw] OR tripl*[tw]) AND (mask*[tw] OR blind*[tw])) OR ("latin square"[tw]) OR placebos[mh] OR placebo*[tw] OR random*[tw] OR research design[mh:noexp] OR follow-up studies[mh] OR prospective studies[mh] OR cross-over studies[mh] OR control*[tw] OR prospectiv*[tw] OR volunteer*[tw]) NOT (animal[mh] NOT human[mh])</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">#4</td>
                  <td align="center">(#1 AND #2 AND #3)</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o e exclus&#227;o</title>
          <p>Foram inclu&#237;dos todos os estudos cl&#237;nicos randomizados ou n&#227;o randomizados encontrados nas bases de dados, publicados em portugu&#234;s, ingl&#234;s e espanhol, com texto completo dispon&#237;vel, sem restri&#231;&#227;o de data, realizados em seres humanos, com idade acima de 18 anos, nos quais, pacientes com DCVs participaram de programas de RCV, utilizando instrumentos da telerreabilita&#231;&#227;o ou da telemedicina.</p>
          <p>Foram exclu&#237;dos os estudos duplicados, que n&#227;o foram realizados com seres humanos, ou aqueles n&#227;o publicados na &#237;ntegra. Tamb&#233;m foram exclu&#237;dos trabalhos cuja popula&#231;&#227;o tenha sido abordada em mais de um estudo, e que, al&#233;m disso, tiveram desfechos semelhantes, considerando-se nesses casos o primeiro trabalho.</p>
          <p>Dois revisores examinaram de forma independente os resumos. Os estudos selecionados foram sujeitos a avalia&#231;&#227;o do texto completo para inclus&#227;o de acordo com os crit&#233;rios estabelecidos.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Identifica&#231;&#227;o e sele&#231;&#227;o dos estudos</title>
          <p>Dois pesquisadores independentes fizeram a leitura dos t&#237;tulos e resumos de cada trabalho pr&#233;-selecionado identificando, separadamente, artigos que preenchessem corretamente os crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o e exclus&#227;o. Ap&#243;s essa etapa, cada pesquisador realizou a leitura integral dos artigos que respeitaram os crit&#233;rios expostos no resumo, sendo selecionados apenas os compat&#237;veis com os crit&#233;rios propostos para esta revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica. Em casos de d&#250;vida, um terceiro pesquisador teria sido consultado; por&#233;m, n&#227;o houve, neste estudo, discord&#226;ncia entre os dois primeiros pesquisadores.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Extra&#231;&#227;o dos dados</title>
          <p>Dois pesquisadores foram respons&#225;veis pela extra&#231;&#227;o de dados. Seguem caracter&#237;sticas extra&#237;das dos estudos: t&#237;tulo, autores, ano de publica&#231;&#227;o, revista cient&#237;fica de publica&#231;&#227;o, forma de publica&#231;&#227;o, palavras-chave, origem geogr&#225;fica, desenho de estudo, tamanho da amostra, m&#233;todos, per&#237;odo de realiza&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa, instrumento utilizado para telerreabilita&#231;&#227;o, outros resultados da pesquisa e conclus&#245;es. Al&#233;m disso, foram registrados os dados sobre os participantes de cada trabalho: n&#250;mero, g&#234;nero, idade, interven&#231;&#245;es realizadas, tempo de reabilita&#231;&#227;o, desfechos. O Risco de Vi&#233;s dos ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados foi avaliado utilizando a Ferramenta da Colabora&#231;&#227;o Cochrane (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Tabela 2</xref>).</p>
          <table-wrap id="t5">
            <label>Tabela 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Risco de vi&#233;s dos ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados - ferramenta da colabora&#231;&#227;o Cochrane</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col width="12%"/>
                <col width="12%"/>
                <col width="12%"/>
                <col width="12%"/>
                <col width="12%"/>
                <col width="12%"/>
                <col width="12%"/>
                <col width="12%"/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Dom&#237;nio</th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="7" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid;background-color:#C5C6C8">Estudos</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Vieira, 2017</th>
                  <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Brouwers, 2017</th>
                  <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Piotrowicz, 2015</th>
                  <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Bernocchi, 2017</th>
                  <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Szalewska, 2015</th>
                  <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Korzeniowska-kubacka, 2015</th>
                  <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Piotrowicz, 2014</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Vi&#233;s de sele&#231;&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">1. Gera&#231;&#227;o da sequ&#234;ncia aleat&#243;ria</td>
                  <td align="center">Baixo risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Baixo risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Alto risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Baixo risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Alto risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Alto risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Alto risco</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">2. Oculta&#231;&#227;o de aloca&#231;&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">Baixo risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Baixo risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Alto risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Baixo risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Alto risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Alto risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Alto risco</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Vi&#233;s de performance</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">3. Cegamento dos participantes e profissionais</td>
                  <td align="center">Risco incerto</td>
                  <td align="center">Alto risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Risco incerto</td>
                  <td align="center">Alto risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Alto risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Alto risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Alto risco</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Vi&#233;s de detec&#231;&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">4. Cegamento de avaliadores de desfecho</td>
                  <td align="center">Risco incerto</td>
                  <td align="center">Alto risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Risco incerto</td>
                  <td align="center">Baixo risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Alto risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Alto risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Alto risco</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Vi&#233;s de atrito</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">5. Desfechos incompletos</td>
                  <td align="center">Baixo risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Baixo risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Baixo risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Baixo risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Baixo risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Baixo risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Baixo risco</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Vi&#233;s de relato</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">6. Relato de desfecho seletivo</td>
                  <td align="center">Baixo risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Baixo risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Baixo risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Baixo risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Baixo risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Baixo risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Baixo risco</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Outros vieses</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                  <td align="center">
									</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">7. Outras fontes de vi&#233;s</td>
                  <td align="center">Baixo risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Baixo risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Baixo risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Baixo risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Baixo risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Baixo risco</td>
                  <td align="center">Baixo risco</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise dos dados</title>
          <p>Foi realizada de forma descritiva e qualitativa, e est&#225; apresentada em forma de figuras e tabelas.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <p>A presente revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica reuniu 154 estudos pela estrat&#233;gia de busca tra&#231;ada nos bancos eletr&#244;nicos. Desses, foram exclu&#237;dos 109 por estarem duplicados entre as bases de dados, 29 foram exclu&#237;dos por se tratarem de resumos, revis&#245;es sistem&#225;ticas ou outros estudos. Foram inclu&#237;dos 16 estudos cl&#237;nicos para an&#225;lise na &#237;ntegra, dos quais 2 foram exclu&#237;dos por serem prospectivos, 2 por apresentarem duplicidade de coorte, e 5 por n&#227;o contemplarem desfecho. Ao final, foram inclu&#237;dos 7 estudos para an&#225;lise completa nesta revis&#227;o (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f2">
            <label>Figura 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Fluxograma de sele&#231;&#227;o dos estudos.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="2359-5647-ijcs-31-04-0443-80032-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>Os dados referentes &#224; metodologia e aos resultados dos estudos inclu&#237;dos nesta revis&#227;o est&#227;o descritos na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabela 3</xref>. Verifica-se que avaliaram a efetividade da telerreabilita&#231;&#227;o em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; RCV convencional, al&#233;m de comparar a efetividade da reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca h&#237;brida (RCH) (paciente realiza os exerc&#237;cios em casa com a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de sensores que transmitem informa&#231;&#245;es ao centro de reabilita&#231;&#227;o) com a reabilita&#231;&#227;o convencional. Dentre os desfechos dos estudos, encontram-se influ&#234;ncia da reabilita&#231;&#227;o no consumo de oxig&#234;nio (VO<sub>2</sub>), capacidade f&#237;sica, bem como aceita&#231;&#227;o e efic&#225;cia da t&#233;cnica, em diversos pacientes. Dentre as patologias de base que levaram o indiv&#237;duo a procurar a reabilita&#231;&#227;o destacam-se doen&#231;a arterial coronariana (DAC), insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca cr&#244;nica (ICC) e diabetes mellitus (DM).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t6">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Metodologia e resultados dos estudos inclu&#237;dos</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Autor/Ano</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Grupos</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">N</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Objetivo</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">T&#233;cnica/Instrumentos</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Conclus&#227;o</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Vieira et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> 2017</td>
                <td align="center">G1 = RCV domiciliar + KinectG2 = RCV domiciliar + livretoG3 = cuidados habituais</td>
                <td align="center">N = 33G1 = 11G2 = 11G3 = 11</td>
                <td align="center">Analisar o efeito de um programa de exerc&#237;cio espec&#237;fico realizado no &#226;mbito dom&#233;stico, na fase III da RCV, por 6 meses em rela&#231;&#227;o a mudan&#231;as na fun&#231;&#227;o executiva, qualidade de vida e depress&#227;o, ansiedade e estresse, em indiv&#237;duos com DAC.</td>
                <td align="center">Comparou G1 x G2 x G3G1 = Kinect software espec&#237;ficoG2 = livreto com exerc&#237;ciosG3 = orienta&#231;&#245;es sobre fatores de risco e encorajamento para caminhadas</td>
                <td align="center">G1 apresentou melhor desempenho na fun&#231;&#227;o executiva, principalmente em resolu&#231;&#227;o de conflitos e aten&#231;&#227;o.</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Brouwers et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> 2017</td>
                <td align="center">GC = RCV em centroGI = telerreabilita&#231;&#227;o domiciliar</td>
                <td align="center">N = 300GC = 150GI = 150</td>
                <td align="center">Comparar a telerreabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca com a RCV convencional, em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; mudan&#231;a comportamental, n&#237;veis de atividade f&#237;sica em pacientes com DAC.</td>
                <td align="center">GI: aplicativo web que permite aos pacientes ajustar metas de reabilita&#231;&#227;o, inspecionar treinamento e dados de atividade f&#237;sica, esses dados s&#227;o compartilhados e podem utilizar consulta por v&#237;deo; Monitor de FC; Aceler&#244;metro.</td>
                <td align="center">Telerreabilita&#231;&#227;o usando tecnologia moderna e estrat&#233;gias de mudan&#231;a comportamental resulta em melhores n&#237;veis de atividade f&#237;sica a longo prazo em rela&#231;&#227;o a RCV convencional em pacientes com DAC.</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Piotrowicz et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> 2015</td>
                <td align="center">GC = controle GT= telerreabilita&#231;&#227;o domiciliar</td>
                <td align="center">N = 111GC = 77GT = 34</td>
                <td align="center">Avaliar a influ&#234;ncia da revers&#227;o da depress&#227;o (escore de Beck) e a melhora da capacidade f&#237;sica (VO<sub>2</sub> pico) em pacientes com ICC.</td>
                <td align="center">GT: aquecimento de 5-10 minutos, treino n&#243;rdico (caminhada) 15-45min e um resfriamento de 5 minutos. Pacientes treinados cinco vezes por semana por 8 semanas. Receberam um instrumento que transmitia os dados atrav&#233;s do telefone celular. GC: n&#227;o recebeu prescri&#231;&#227;o de exerc&#237;cio. Todos receberam orienta&#231;&#245;es sobre h&#225;bitos de vida.</td>
                <td align="center">Reabilita&#231;&#227;o domiciliar utilizando telerreabilita&#231;&#227;o resultou em revers&#227;o da depress&#227;o e da melhora da capacidade f&#237;sica nos pacientes com ICC.</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Bernocchi et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> 2017</td>
                <td align="center">GC = controle GT = telerreabilita&#231;&#227;o domiciliar GI = grupo interven&#231;&#227;o/telerreabilita&#231;&#227;oGC = grupo controle</td>
                <td align="center">N = 112GI = 56GC = 56</td>
                <td align="center">Avaliar a viabilidade e a efic&#225;cia de um programa domiciliar de telerreabilita&#231;&#227;o integrado em pacientes com DPOC + ICC.</td>
                <td align="center">GI: telefonemas semanais, orienta&#231;&#245;es/estilo de vida, exerc&#237;cio supervisionado com ox&#237;metro;GC: receberam medicamentos, O<sub>2</sub> e visitas, foram instru&#237;dos a fazer exerc&#237;cio de sua prefer&#234;ncia, sem supervis&#227;o.</td>
                <td align="center">O GI aumentou a dist&#226;ncia de caminhada; o GC n&#227;o apresentou melhora significativa. MRC, &#237;ndice de Barthel apresentaram melhora no GI em compara&#231;&#227;o com o CG em 4 meses. GI manteve os benef&#237;cios adquiridos em 6 meses. Este programa de telerreabilita&#231;&#227;o de 4 meses foi vi&#225;vel e efetivo em pacientes com DPOC e ICC.</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Szalewska et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> 2015</td>
                <td align="center">GI = grupo interven&#231;&#227;o/telerreabilita&#231;&#227;oGC = grupo controleRCD = reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca com DMRCC = reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca sem DM</td>
                <td align="center">N = 125RCD = 37RCC = 88</td>
                <td align="center">Comparar os efeitos da RCH em pacientes com DAC com e sem DM.</td>
                <td align="center">Ambos os grupos treinaram 10 dias no centro, receberam orienta&#231;&#245;es e ap&#243;s realizaram a reabilita&#231;&#227;o domiciliar, onde foram monitorados usando equipamentos de tele-ECG e treinamento de exerc&#237;cios supervisionados. O dispositivo habilitou a grava&#231;&#227;o de dados ECG a partir de tr&#234;s deriva&#231;&#245;es precordiais e sua transmiss&#227;o atrav&#233;s de uma rede de celular para o centro de monitoramento. Um telefone celular tamb&#233;m foi usado para comunica&#231;&#227;o di&#225;ria de voz entre o paciente e um m&#233;dico que perguntou sobre seu estado de sa&#250;de.</td>
                <td align="center">A RCH foi efetiva em pacientes com DM. A ades&#227;o foi alta. Pacientes com DM apresentaram maiores taxas de obesidade e toler&#226;ncia ao exerc&#237;cio significativamente menor do que os pacientes sem DM. Os pacientes de ambos os grupos obtiveram benef&#237;cios semelhantes em termos de capacidade f&#237;sica, frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca em repouso e recupera&#231;&#227;o da frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca.</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Korzeniowska-Kubacka et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> 2015</td>
                <td align="center">Homens P&#243;s-IAM: 57Mulheres P&#243;s-IAM: 30</td>
                <td align="center">N = 87</td>
                <td align="center">Comparar a influ&#234;ncia da RCH sobre a capacidade f&#237;sica, seguran&#231;a, ades&#227;o e retorno ao trabalho em pacientes do sexo masculino e feminino p&#243;s-IAM.</td>
                <td align="center">Realizaram 10 sess&#245;es no centro e o restante em domic&#237;lio com monitoramento de Tele-ECG. No in&#237;cio e depois dos treinamentos, todos os pacientes foram submetidos a um teste de estresse de esfor&#231;o limitado por sintomas. A avalia&#231;&#227;o incluiu resultados de testes de exerc&#237;cios.</td>
                <td align="center">RCH resultou em uma melhora compar&#225;vel na capacidade f&#237;sica em pacientes do sexo masculino e feminino p&#243;s-infarto de baixo risco. Embora a RCH facilitou a ades&#227;o dos pacientes ao programa de treinamento, seu retorno ao trabalho foi significativamente maior apenas nos homens p&#243;s-IAM.</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Piotrowicz et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> 2014</td>
                <td align="center">Grupo telerreabilita&#231;&#227;o: todos os participantes realizaram 3 dias no centro e 4 meses em domic&#237;lio.</td>
                <td align="center">N = 365</td>
                <td align="center">Avaliar a implementa&#231;&#227;o e viabilidade de um amplo programa de telerreabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca domiciliar em pacientes com DCV e avaliar sua seguran&#231;a, aceita&#231;&#227;o e ades&#227;o dos pacientes ao programa.</td>
                <td align="center">Participaram da RCH de 4 semanas com base em treinamento de caminhada, caminhada n&#243;rdica ou cicloerg&#244;metro. Os pacientes foram monitorados por telefone com um dispositivo ajustado para registrar a grava&#231;&#227;o de eletrocardiograma (ECG) e para transmitir dados via celular para o centro de monitoramento. Os momentos de registro autom&#225;tico de ECG foram pr&#233;-definidos e coordenados. A influ&#234;ncia na capacidade f&#237;sica foi avaliada pela compara&#231;&#227;o de mudan&#231;as - no tempo de teste de exerc&#237;cio, capacidade funcional, dist&#226;ncia de teste de caminhada de 6 minutos no in&#237;cio e no final do programa. Todos utilizaram APP com transmiss&#227;o de ECG e PA.</td>
                <td align="center">RCH resultou em uma melhoria significativa em todos os par&#226;metros. &#201; uma forma de reabilita&#231;&#227;o vi&#225;vel e segura, bem aceita pelos pacientes. A ades&#227;o foi alta e promissora.</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN2">
              <p>Kinect: sensor de movimento; Livreto: livro contendo informa&#231;&#245;es e orienta&#231;&#245;es sobre a realiza&#231;&#227;o de exerc&#237;cio; DAC: doen&#231;a arterial coronariana; ICC: insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca cr&#244;nica; DPOC: doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#244;nica; DM: diabetes mellitus; IAM: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio; DCV: doen&#231;a cardiovasscular; Tele-ECG: sistema de transmiss&#227;o de eletrocardiograma; RCH: reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca h&#237;brida; APP: aplicativo para transmiss&#227;o de dados; FC: frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca; MRC: Medical Research Council - escala para dispneia.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>A presente revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica de literatura analisou 7 estudos cl&#237;nicos envolvendo telerreabilita&#231;&#227;o em pacientes cardiopatas, somando uma amostra total de 1.133 pacientes. Os estudos s&#227;o heterog&#234;neos tanto em sua popula&#231;&#227;o quanto em suas interven&#231;&#245;es; sendo assim, n&#227;o foi poss&#237;vel realizar meta-an&#225;lise.</p>
        <p>Catalina et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> sugerem que a DAC ainda est&#225; entre as principais causas de morte prematura na Europa e no mundo, sendo considerada um problema de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica. Considerando esses dados, alguns estudos avaliaram os efeitos da reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca e telerreabilita&#231;&#227;o nesses pacientes com DAC. Para Vieira et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> o grupo que realizou telerreabilita&#231;&#227;o apresentou melhor desempenho nas fun&#231;&#245;es executivas, resolu&#231;&#227;o de conflitos e aten&#231;&#227;o em rela&#231;&#227;o ao grupo que realizou RCV convencional. Segundo Brouwers et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> a telerreabilita&#231;&#227;o promoveu melhores n&#237;veis de atividade f&#237;sica em longo prazo, quando comparada &#224; RCV convencional. Da mesma forma, outros autores evidenciaram que pacientes com DAC que realizaram telerreabilita&#231;&#227;o apresentaram aumento significativo no n&#237;vel de atividade di&#225;ria e VO<sub>2</sub> pico ap&#243;s 6 semanas.</p>
        <p>A RCH tamb&#233;m vem sendo utilizada em pacientes com DAC. Szalewska et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> compararam a utiliza&#231;&#227;o dessa t&#233;cnica em pacientes portadores de DAC e DM e pacientes com DAC sem DM. Os autores referem que a RCH teve alta ades&#227;o e mostrou-se efetiva em pacientes com DM e sem DM.</p>
        <p>Segundo Bocchi et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> a insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (IC) &#233; a via final comum da maioria das doen&#231;as que acometem o cora&#231;&#227;o, classificada como uma epidemia e representando um dos mais importantes desafios cl&#237;nicos atuais na &#225;rea da sa&#250;de. A telemedicina tem sido cada vez mais utilizada nessa popula&#231;&#227;o. Em um estudo cl&#237;nico com 111 pacientes com IC, Piotrowicz et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> demonstraram que a reabilita&#231;&#227;o domiciliar utilizando telerreabilita&#231;&#227;o promoveu revers&#227;o da depress&#227;o e melhora da capacidade f&#237;sica nesses pacientes.</p>
        <p>Corroborando os resultados j&#225; demonstrados, Bernocchi et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> sugerem em estudo realizado com 112 pacientes com diagn&#243;stico de IC e doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#244;nica (DPOC), que um programa de telerreabilita&#231;&#227;o domiciliar promoveu aumento na dist&#226;ncia caminhada, redu&#231;&#227;o da dispneia e melhora da funcionalidade desses indiv&#237;duos, quando comparados ao grupo que realizou RCV convencional, confirmando que programas de telerreabilita&#231;&#227;o s&#227;o vi&#225;veis e efetivos em pacientes com IC e DPOC.</p>
        <p>A RCH vem sendo utilizada tamb&#233;m em pacientes que apresentaram infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio (IAM). Em estudo com 87 pacientes p&#243;s-IAM os autores evidenciam que a RCH facilitou a ades&#227;o dos pacientes ao programa de treinamento, em rela&#231;&#227;o ao retorno ao trabalho sugerem que os &#237;ndices de retorno foram maiores em homens do que em mulheres, enquanto que a melhoria na capacidade f&#237;sica foi semelhante em ambos os g&#234;neros.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Da mesma forma que os estudos analisados at&#233; o momento, Piotrowicz et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> confirmam em uma amostra de 365 pacientes que a RCH utilizando a telerreabilita&#231;&#227;o resultou em melhoria significativa na capacidade funcional, constituindo uma forma de reabilita&#231;&#227;o vi&#225;vel, segura e bem aceita pelos pacientes, com alto &#237;ndice de ades&#227;o.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
        <p>Ap&#243;s an&#225;lise dos estudos, podemos concluir que a RCH e a reabilita&#231;&#227;o domiciliar utilizando telerreabilita&#231;&#227;o s&#227;o alternativas vi&#225;veis e seguras, apresentam alta ades&#227;o dos pacientes cardiopatas e podem ser utilizadas em adi&#231;&#227;o aos programas de RCV convencional ou ainda de maneira isolada. Al&#233;m disso, auxiliam na melhora de quest&#245;es relacionadas com depress&#227;o, capacidade funcional e n&#237;vel de atividade f&#237;sica.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este artigo n&#227;o cont&#233;m estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
