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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="case-report" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.7" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ijcs</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Int. J. Cardiovasc. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2359-4802</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2359-5647</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">B3Tb64FDRgJnLFxdzM4ZwRK</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S2359-56472018000100082</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/2359-4802.20170083</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Reports</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Heart Transplantation in Becker Muscular Dystrophy Patient: Case-Report of a 15-Year Follow-up</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Madeira</surname>
            <given-names>Marcio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ranchord&#225;s</surname>
            <given-names>Sara</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Nolasco</surname>
            <given-names>Tiago</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Marques</surname>
            <given-names>Marta</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rebocho</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Jos&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Neves</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <city>Carnaxide</city>
          </addr-line>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital de Santa Cruz</institution>
          <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide - Portugal</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Marcio Madeira,</bold> Hospital de Santa Cruz, Cirurgia Cardiotor&#225;cica. Av. Prof. Dr. Reinaldo dos Santos 27-29, Postal Code: 2790-134. Carnaxide - Portugal. E-mail: <email>madeira.marcio@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Madeira M, Rebocho MJ. Acquisition of data: Madeira M, Ranchord&#225;s S. Analysis and interpretation of the data: Madeira M, Ranchord&#225;s S. Writing of the manuscript: Madeira M, Ranchord&#225;s S, Nolasco T, Rebocho MJ, Neves J. Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Madeira M, Nolasco T, Marques M, Rebocho MJ, Neves J.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <season>Jan-Feb</season>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>31</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>82</fpage>
      <lpage>84</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>20</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>19</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>07</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Muscular Dystrophy Duchenne/genetics</kwd>
        <kwd>Myotonia Congenita, Heart Transplantation</kwd>
        <kwd>Aftercare</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>Becker muscular dystrophy is a rare genetic disease with a birth incidence of approximately 1:30000 in males.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> The disease results from a X-linked recessive mutation on the gene located at Xp21, which encodes the dystrophin protein.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Clinical manifestations include progressive skeletal muscle weakness and dilated cardiomyopathy which can lead to refractory heart failure.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> There is no correlation between the severity of cardiac manifestations and the genetic abnormalities.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
			</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Case report</title>
        <p>We present a clinical report of a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy by Becker muscular dystrophy that underwent cardiac transplantation and has a 15 years&#8217; follow-up.</p>
        <p>Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy was diagnosed in a 20-year-old man with a family history of two cousins with dilated cardiomyopathy, asthenia, dyspnea and orthopnea with progressive worsening. The patient got progressively worse and at 31-years-old he was classified as NYHA (New York Heart Association) class IV.</p>
        <p>At the age of 34 years, the patient became refractory to optimal medical therapy, with a maximal oxygen consumption of 13 mL/Kg/min. Transplantation was indicated, which was an uneventful surgery with 200 minutes of ischemic time. The donor was a 33-year-old female with traumatic brain death and negative crossmatch. Pathologic exam revealed dilated cardiomyopathy and a type III lesion according to the American Heart Association classification of atherosclerotic lesions.</p>
        <p>The immunosuppression included induction with anti-thymocyte globulin and subsequently triple therapy with cyclosporine, mycophenolic acid and prednisone.</p>
        <p>Several complications occurred during postoperative period including complete atrioventricular block and mechanical ventilation for three days due to a pulmonary infection with <italic>Arpergillus fumigatus</italic> isolated from a bronchoalveolar lavage.</p>
        <p>There were two episodes of severe acute rejection: acute rejection grade 3R two months after transplantation, treated with muromonab-CD3, and a grade 2R rejection one year after transplantation that was treated with high-dose corticoid therapy.</p>
        <p>Allograft vasculopathy was diagnosed by intravascular ultrasound on the anterior descending coronary artery and a 60% lesion on right coronary artery, four years after transplant. Six years after transplant, he had a 1.2 mm intimal hyperplasia on the left anterior descending artery (LAD) that was classified as ISHLTCav 2 and the right coronary artery (RCA) was stable. Seven years after transplant, the LAD lesion had improved and a stent angioplasty was performed on the RCA.</p>
        <p>After seven years due to mild renal dysfunction and allograft vasculopathy, cyclosporine was replaced by everolimus.</p>
        <p>Eleven years after discharge, progressive muscular weakness in the lower limbs and myopathic gait were apparent. Study of neuromuscular diseases was performed. The genetic exam found deletion of 48 and 49 exons on the dystrophin gene, which confirmed the diagnosis of Becker muscular dystrophy. A family study was done leading to the identification of a brother and two uncles with the disease and his mother and grandmother as carriers (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f1">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Patient&#8217;s family tree. Arrow: Case reported.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="2359-5647-ijcs-31-01-0082-70083-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>Currently, after 15 years of follow-up, he continues to be completely autonomous and works actively at his job. He has a good quality of life showing only mild weakness of his lower limbs.</p>
        <p>No abnormalities were found in the coronary angiography or in the myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed moderate left ventricular hypertrophy and a delayed subendocardial enhancement of the interventricular septum of ischemic etiology (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f2">
            <label>Figure 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Subendocardial delayed enhancement in the middle third of the interventricular septum. A: Short Axis; B: Two chambers.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="2359-5647-ijcs-31-01-0082-70083-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>Becker muscular dystrophy is a heterogeneous disease with slow progression.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> During the first decade of life, patients are usually asymptomatic and become symptomatic after the second decade usually with difficulties in climbing stairs after the third decade.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Cardiac involvement in Becker muscular dystrophy is usually present throughout life. The majority of patients have an asymptomatic cardiac involvement, but up to one third of patients develop dilated cardiomyopathy with variable degrees of heart failure.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> In some cases, severe heart failure symptoms can precede muscular symptoms for years.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
			</p>
      <p>In the present case, the patient remained asymptomatic until the second decade of life, and was initially diagnosed with idiopathic cardiomyopathy. Muscular dystrophy was diagnosed through genetic tests after the onset of muscular weakness on the fourth decade of life.</p>
      <p>Therapy for cardiac involvement in Becker muscular dystrophy is symptomatic and similar to cardiac diseases due to other causes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Intractable chronic heart failure, classified as NYHA class III or IV, may be the indication for heart transplantation.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Corticosteroid therapy can have a beneficial impact in preventing muscular dystrophy progression and are recommended as a therapeutic option in these diseases.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> In the current report, the orthotropic heart transplantation was performed when heart failure became refractory to the optimal medical therapeutic. The progressive muscular weakness was apparent eleven years after the transplant, maybe due to the effect of long term corticoid therapy.</p>
      <p>Similar outcomes have been reported between muscular dystrophy patients with heart transplant and matched non-ischemic patients in terms of survival, infection, rejection and allograft vasculopathy.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> These findings support the indication for transplantation on patients with muscular dystrophy, despite the possible progressive muscular weakness and the limited functional capacity.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
			</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusion</title>
      <p>This report presents a 15-year follow-up of a Becker muscular dystrophy patient submitted to heart transplantation. The patient is classified as NYHA class I and currently has a good quality of life. To our knowledge, this is the longest reported follow-up of a Becker muscular dystrophy patient with heart transplant.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
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        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1 American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery. Cardiovascular health supervision for individuals affected by Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy. Pediatrics. 2005;116(6):1569-73. Doi: 10.1542/peds.2005-2448.</mixed-citation>
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        <mixed-citation>3 Melacini P, Fanin M, Danieli GA, Fasoli G, Villanova C, Angelini C, et al. Cardiac involvement in Becker muscular dystrophy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;22(7):1927-34.</mixed-citation>
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        <mixed-citation>4 Finsterer J, Bittner RE, Grimm M. Cardiac involvement in Becker's muscular dystrophy, necessitating heart transplantation, 6 years before apparent skeletal muscle involvement. Neuromuscul Disord.1999;9(8):598-600. PMID: 10619719</mixed-citation>
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        <mixed-citation>5 Wu RS, Gupta S, Brown RN, Yancy CW, Wald JW, Kaiser P, et al. Clinical outcomes after cardiac transplantation in muscular dystrophy patients. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2010;29(4):432-8. Doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2009.08.030.</mixed-citation>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relatos de Caso</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Transplante Card&#237;aco na Distrofia Muscular de Becker: Relato de Caso com Seguimento de 15 Anos</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Madeira</surname>
            <given-names>Marcio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ranchord&#225;s</surname>
            <given-names>Sara</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Nolasco</surname>
            <given-names>Tiago</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Marques</surname>
            <given-names>Marta</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rebocho</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Jos&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Neves</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Carnaxide - Portugal</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Marcio Madeira,</bold> Hospital de Santa Cruz, Cirurgia Cardiotor&#225;cica. Av. Prof. Dr. Reinaldo dos Santos, N&#186;: 27-29, CEP: 2790-134. Carnaxide - Portugal. E-mail: <email>madeira.marcio@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Madeira M, Rebocho MJ. Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Madeira M, Ranchord&#225;s S. An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Madeira M, Ranchord&#225;s S. Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Madeira M, Ranchord&#225;s S, Nolasco T, Rebocho MJ, Neves J. Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Madeira M, Nolasco T, Marques M, Rebocho MJ, Neves J.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne/gen&#233;tica</kwd>
        <kwd>Miotonia Cong&#234;nita</kwd>
        <kwd>Transplante de Cora&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Assist&#234;ncia do Seguimento</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>A distrofia muscular de Becker &#233; uma doen&#231;a gen&#233;tica rara com incid&#234;ncia de aproximadamente 1: 30 000 em homens.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> A doen&#231;a resulta de uma muta&#231;&#227;o recessiva ligada ao gene localizado no Xp21, que codifica a prote&#237;na distrofina.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> As manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas incluem fraqueza progressiva do m&#250;sculo esquel&#233;tico e cardiomiopatia dilatada que podem levar &#224; insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca refrat&#225;ria.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> N&#227;o existe correla&#231;&#227;o entre gravidade das manifesta&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas e anormalidades gen&#233;ticas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
				</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Relato do caso</title>
          <p>Apresentamos um relato de caso cl&#237;nico de um paciente com cardiomiopatia dilatada associada &#224; distrofia muscular de Becker que foi submetido a transplante card&#237;aco e seu seguimento por 15 anos.</p>
          <p>A cardiomiopatia dilatada idiop&#225;tica foi diagnosticada em um homem de 20 anos de idade, com hist&#243;ria familiar de dois primos que apresentavam cardiomiopatia dilatada; apresentava astenia, dispneia, e ortopneia com piora progressiva. O paciente apresentou piora e, aos 31 anos, era classificado como NYHA (<italic>New York Heart Association</italic>) classe IV.</p>
          <p>Aos 34 anos, o paciente mostrou-se resistente ao tratamento e apresentava consumo m&#225;ximo de oxig&#234;nio de 13 mL/kg/min. O transplante foi indicado, o qual foi realizado sem intercorr&#234;ncias, com tempo de isquemia de 200 minutos. O doador foi uma mulher de 33 anos, com morte cerebral por trauma e prova cruzada (<italic>crossmatch</italic>) negativa. O exame patol&#243;gico revelou cardiomiopatia dilatada e les&#227;o tipo III de acordo com a classifica&#231;&#227;o da Associa&#231;&#227;o Americana do Cora&#231;&#227;o (<italic>American Heart Association</italic>).</p>
          <p>A imunossupress&#227;o incluiu indu&#231;&#227;o com globulina antitimoc&#237;tica, seguida de terapia tripla com ciclosporina, &#225;cido micofen&#243;lico e prednisona.</p>
          <p>V&#225;rias complica&#231;&#245;es ocorreram durante o per&#237;odo p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio, incluindo bloqueio atrioventricular completo e ventila&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica por tr&#234;s dias devido &#224; infe&#231;&#227;o pulmonar por <italic>Aspergillus fumigatus</italic> isolado de lavagem broncoalveolar.</p>
          <p>Houve dois epis&#243;dios de rejei&#231;&#227;o aguda grave: rejei&#231;&#227;o aguda grau 3R dois meses ap&#243;s o transplante, tratada com muromonab-CD3, e rejei&#231;&#227;o grau 2R um ano ap&#243;s o transplante, tratada com corticoterapia em alta dose.</p>
          <p>A doen&#231;a vascular do enxerto foi diagnosticada por ultrassom intravascular na art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria descendente anterior e uma les&#227;o de 60% na art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria direita quatro anos ap&#243;s o transplante. Seis anos ap&#243;s o transplante, apresentou hiperplasia intimal de 1,2 mm na art&#233;ria anterior descendente esquerda, que foi classificada como ISHLTCav 2, e art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria direita est&#225;vel. Sete anos ap&#243;s o transplante, a les&#227;o na art&#233;ria descendente anterior esquerda apresentou melhora, e foi realizada angioplastia com <italic>stent</italic> na art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria direita.</p>
          <p>Ap&#243;s sete anos, devido a uma disfun&#231;&#227;o renal leve e vasculopatia do enxerto, a ciclosporina foi substitu&#237;da por everolimo.</p>
          <p>Onze anos ap&#243;s a alta, o paciente apresentava fraqueza muscular progressiva nos membros inferiores e marcha miop&#225;tica. O teste gen&#233;tico encontrou dele&#231;&#227;o dos exons 48 e 49 no gene da distrofina, o que confirmou o diagn&#243;stico de distrofia muscular de Becker. Por meio de um estudo familiar, identificou-se um irm&#227;o e dois tios com a doen&#231;a e sua m&#227;e e av&#243; como carreadoras (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f3">
              <label>Figura 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#193;rvore geneal&#243;gica do paciente. Seta: caso relatado.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="2359-5647-ijcs-31-01-0082-70083-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
          <p>Atualmente, ap&#243;s 15 anos de acompanhamento, o paciente continua completamente aut&#244;nomo, trabalhando ativamente no emprego. Apresenta uma boa qualidade de vida, apresentando apenas fraqueza leve dos membros inferiores. N&#227;o foram observadas anormalidades nos exames de angiografia coron&#225;ria ou de cintilografia de perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica. O exame de resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica revelou hipertrofia ventricular esquerda moderada e realce tardio subendoc&#225;rdico do septo interventricular de etiologia isqu&#234;mica (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 2</xref>).</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f4">
              <label>Figura 2</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Realce tardio subendoc&#225;rdico do ter&#231;o m&#233;dio do septo interventricular. A: Eixo curto; B: Duas c&#226;maras.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="2359-5647-ijcs-31-01-0082-70083-gf02-pt.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>A distrofia muscular de Becker &#233; uma doen&#231;a heterog&#234;nea de progress&#227;o lenta.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Durante a primeira d&#233;cada de vida, os pacientes s&#227;o geralmente assintom&#225;ticos, tornando-se sintom&#225;ticos ap&#243;s a segunda d&#233;cada, e com dificuldades em subir escadas ap&#243;s a terceira d&#233;cada.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Na distrofia muscular, normalmente, h&#225; envolvimento card&#237;aco durante toda a vida que, na maioria dos pacientes, ocorre de maneira assintom&#225;tica. No entanto, at&#233; um ter&#231;o dos pacientes desenvolvem cardiomiopatia dilatada com graus variados de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Em alguns casos, os sintomas de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca grave podem ocorrer antes dos surgimento de sintomas musculares durante anos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
				</p>
        <p>No presente caso, o paciente permaneceu assintom&#225;tico at&#233; a segunda d&#233;cada de vida, e foi inicialmente diagnosticado com cardiomiopatia idiop&#225;tica.</p>
        <p>O tratamento do envolvimento card&#237;aco na distrofia muscular de Becker &#233; sintom&#225;tico, e similar ao de doen&#231;as card&#237;acas secund&#225;rias a outras causas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> A insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca intrat&#225;vel, classificada como NYHA classe III ou IV, pode ser uma indica&#231;&#227;o para transplante card&#237;aco.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> A terapia com corticosteroides pode ter um efeito ben&#233;fico na preven&#231;&#227;o da progress&#227;o da distrofia muscular, e &#233; recomendada como op&#231;&#227;o terap&#234;utica nessas doen&#231;as.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> No presente caso, foi realizado transplante card&#237;aco ortot&#243;pico quando a insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca tornou-se refrat&#225;ria &#224; terapia m&#233;dica. Fraqueza muscular progressiva foi evidente onze anos ap&#243;s o transplante, talvez por efeitos em longo prazo da corticoterapia.</p>
        <p>Desfechos similares foram relatados entre pacientes com distrofia muscular submetidos a transplante card&#237;aco e pacientes n&#227;o isqu&#234;micos pareados, em termos de sobrevida, infec&#231;&#227;o, rejei&#231;&#227;o e doen&#231;a vascular do enxerto.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> Esses resultados corroboram a indica&#231;&#227;o para transplante em pacientes com distrofia muscular, apesar da possibilidade de fraqueza muscular progressiva e capacidade funcional limitada.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
				</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
        <p>Este relato de caso apresenta o acompanhamento de um paciente com distrofia muscular de Becker durante 15 anos, submetido a transplante card&#237;aco. Atualmente, o paciente, classificado como NYHA classe I, apresenta boa qualidade de vida. Em nosso conhecimento, este &#233; o per&#237;odo de acompanhamento mais longo de um paciente com distrofia muscular de Becker submetido a transplante card&#237;aco.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
