<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="case-report" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.7" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ijcs</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Int. J. Cardiovasc. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2359-4802</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2359-5647</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">HLyQGmYLDhmKWPgYcDHyv8v</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S2359-56472018000100079</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/2359-4802.20170068</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Reports</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Myocardial Infarction after Snake Bite</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gomes</surname>
            <given-names>Rafael Alessandro Ferreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cantarelli</surname>
            <given-names>Fabiano Lima</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Vieira</surname>
            <given-names>Franklin Almeida</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Macedo</surname>
            <given-names>Aluisio Roberto Andrade</given-names>
            <suffix>Jr.</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gouveia</surname>
            <given-names>Milena Motta de Almeida</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Feitosa</surname>
            <given-names>Audes Diogenes de Magalh&#227;es</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Dom Helder C&#226;mara</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <city>Cabo de Santo Agostinho</city>
            <state>PE</state>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Dom Helder C&#226;mara, Cabo de Santo Agostinho, PE - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Rafael Alessandro Ferreira Gomes,</bold> BR 101 Sul, Km 28, s/n. Postal Code: 54580-812, Pte. dos Carvalhos, Cabo de Santo Agostinho, PE - Brazil. E-mail: <email>rgomesrecife@gmail.com</email>; <email>rafael_upe@yahoo.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Gomes RAF. Acquisition of data: Gomes RAF, Cantarelli FL, Vieira FA, Macedo Jr ARA. Analysis and interpretation of the data: Gomes RAF, Cantarelli FL, Vieira FA, Macedo Jr. ARA. Writing of the manuscript: Gomes RAF, Macedo Jr. ARA. Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Gouveia MMA, Feitosa ADM.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <season>Jan-Feb</season>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>31</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>79</fpage>
      <lpage>81</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>03</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Snake Bites/complications</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Infarction</kwd>
        <kwd>Chest Pain</kwd>
        <kwd>Leukocitosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Thrombosis/complications</kwd>
        <kwd>Angioplasty</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>Cardiac events are rarely associated with ophidian accidents, especially those involving snakes of the Elapidae family. We report on a snake bite victim who, within a few hours after the accident, developed myocardial infarction in the inferior wall with good clinical evolution.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Case report</title>
        <p>A 53-year-old male patient, self-employed, living in the rural area, reported that he was planting a vegetable garden in his backyard when he saw a coral snake coming in his direction. When he tried to kill it, he was bitten twice in his right hand. He was referred to the medical referral service 5 hours after the event, and remained conscious, complaining of pain and local edema. Snake bite marks were identified in the index finger of the right hand (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>), after which he was medicated with analgesics and elapid snake antivenom.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f1">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Snake bite marks in the index finger of the right hand.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="2359-5647-ijcs-31-01-0079-70068-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>At admission, examinations showed leukocytosis and prolonged bleeding and coagulation time, with no other hematological or nephrological alterations. After 6 hours of observation, he started to present with oppressive chest pain associated with nausea, sweating and cutaneous-mucosal pallor. On physical examination, he had bradycardia (heart rate of 50 bpm) and hypotension (blood pressure of 90/60 mmHg), with no alterations in pulmonary or cardiac auscultation. The electrocardiogram showed atrial fibrillation with low ventricular response and ST elevation in D2, D3, aVF and V1-V3 (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f2">
            <label>Figure 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Electrocardiogram and cardiac catheterization at admission and after coronary angioplasty.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="2359-5647-ijcs-31-01-0079-70068-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>The patient received 200 mg of aspirin and 600 mg of clopidogrel and he was referred to the hemodynamics room with a proximally occluded right coronary artery finding and moderate lesion in the anterior descending artery. Coronary angioplasty with bare-metal stent was performed in the right coronary artery (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref>), but due to the high thrombotic load, Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) II flow and myocardial blush 2-3, tirofiban was indicated and he was referred to the coronary intensive care unit.</p>
        <p>He showed symptom improvement and decrease in ST-elevation (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref>). After 24 hours of intravenous amiodarone administration, he persisted with atrial fibrillation, being submitted to electrical cardioversion with reversion to sinus rhythm. He also had acute renal failure and mild thrombocytopenia, both transient. After 6 days, hematological, nephrological and coagulation exams were normalized. He progressed without clinical complaints, and was discharged after 7 days.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>Ophidian accidents are prevalent events in tropical countries, being associated with high morbidity. Data from the Ministry of Health<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> indicate that in Brazil, there are approximately 7,000 snakebite accidents per year. The most common venomous snakes found in our country belong to the genera Bothrops, Crotalus, Micrurus and Lachesis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Envenomation caused by snake venom is usually characterized by local manifestations, hemorrhagic alterations, nephrotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. Cardiac involvement is rare, and the few reported cases occur in patients with no major cardiovascular risk factors or known heart disease.</p>
      <p>A Nigerian study<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> found only 2% of myocardial infarction after the analysis of 108 patients, victims of ophidian accidents. A study carried out in Papua New Guinea<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> identified 8.3% of electrocardiographic alterations associated with a large increase in troponin-T levels, after 69 patients were analyzed. A Korean study<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> identified 13.8% of myocardial injury, defined as troponin I elevation in 48 hours or electrocardiographic alteration, after analyzing 65 cases of consecutive ophidian accidents.</p>
      <p>The biological plausibility for this association is due to the thrombotic and vasoconstricting properties of snake venom.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> In addition to the effect of sarafotoxins and the stimulus for endothelin release, the anemia secondary to coagulation alterations and anaphylactic shock mediated by cardiotoxic effects also collaborate in this process.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The treatment of these patients is a major challenge. The snake venom causes thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy, predisposing to bleeding events. These phenomena may limit the use of thrombolytic agents and coronary stent implantation. However, patients who have already received snake antivenom and have normal basal tests seem to be at low risk for bleeding events.</p>
      <p>The use of glycoprotein IIb / IIIa inhibitors is an option in very thrombotic patients and has been used in another case report,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> also in a patient who had already received antivenom and whose coagulation tests were within normality.</p>
      <p>In our case, the temporality of the ophidian accident, with the development of myocardial infarction and the finding of a high thrombotic load on cardiac catheterization reinforce the idea of the association of these two conditions.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusion</title>
      <p>Although rare, we should always be alert to the association of an ophidian accident as a coronary event precipitant. Early administration of snake antivenom and monitoring for coagulation disorders are essential for the proper management of this population.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1 Minist&#233;rio da Saude, Secretaria Executiva. DATASUS. Informa&#231;&#245;es epidemiol&#243;gicas e morbidade. [Citado em 2016 maio 12] Dispon&#237;vel em: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.datasus.gov.br">www.datasus.gov.br</ext-link>
				</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="webpage">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <collab>Minist&#233;rio da Saude</collab>
            <collab>Secretaria Executiva</collab>
            <collab>DATASUS</collab>
          </person-group>
          <source>Informa&#231;&#245;es epidemiol&#243;gicas e morbidade</source>
          <date-in-citation content-type="access-date">2016 maio 12</date-in-citation>
          <comment>Dispon&#237;vel em: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.datasus.gov.br">www.datasus.gov.br</ext-link>
					</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2 Albuquerque PLMM, Silva Junior GB, Jacinto CN, Lima CB, Lima JB, Veras MSB, et al. Epidemiological profile of snakebite accidents in a metropolitan area of northeast Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2013;55(5):347-51.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Albuquerque</surname>
              <given-names>PLMM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Silva</surname>
              <given-names>GB</given-names>
              <suffix>Junior</suffix>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Jacinto</surname>
              <given-names>CN</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lima</surname>
              <given-names>CB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lima</surname>
              <given-names>JB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Veras</surname>
              <given-names>MSB</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Epidemiological profile of snakebite accidents in a metropolitan area of northeast Brazil</article-title>
          <source>Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <volume>55</volume>
          <issue>5</issue>
          <fpage>347</fpage>
          <lpage>351</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>3 Karaye KM, Mijinyawa MS, Yakasai AM, Kwaghe V, Joseph GA, Iliyasu G, et al. Cardiac and hemodynamic features following snakebite in Nigeria. Int J Cardiol .2012;156(3):326-8.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Karaye</surname>
              <given-names>KM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mijinyawa</surname>
              <given-names>MS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Yakasai</surname>
              <given-names>AM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kwaghe</surname>
              <given-names>V</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Joseph</surname>
              <given-names>GA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Iliyasu</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Cardiac and hemodynamic features following snakebite in Nigeria</article-title>
          <source>Int J Cardiol</source>
          <year>2012</year>
          <volume>156</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>326</fpage>
          <lpage>328</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation>4 Lallo DG, Revett A, Nwokolo N, Laurenson I, Naraqi S, Kevau I, et al. Electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients bitten by taipans (Oxyuranus scutellatus canni) and other elapid snakes in Papua New Guinea. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1997;91(1):53-6.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Lallo</surname>
              <given-names>DG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Revett</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Nwokolo</surname>
              <given-names>N</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Laurenson</surname>
              <given-names>I</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Naraqi</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kevau</surname>
              <given-names>I</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients bitten by taipans (Oxyuranus scutellatus canni) and other elapid snakes in Papua New Guinea</article-title>
          <source>Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg</source>
          <year>1997</year>
          <volume>91</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>53</fpage>
          <lpage>56</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation>5 Kim OH, Lee JW, Kim HI, Cha KC, Kim H, Lee KH, et al. Adverse cardiovascular events after a venomous snakebite in Korea. Yonsei Med J. 2016;57(2):512-7.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Kim</surname>
              <given-names>OH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lee</surname>
              <given-names>JW</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kim</surname>
              <given-names>HI</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cha</surname>
              <given-names>KC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kim</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lee</surname>
              <given-names>KH</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Adverse cardiovascular events after a venomous snakebite in Korea</article-title>
          <source>Yonsei Med J</source>
          <year>2016</year>
          <volume>57</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>512</fpage>
          <lpage>517</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <label>6</label>
        <mixed-citation>6 Saadeh A M. Case report: Acute myocardial infarction complicating a viper bite. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2001;64(5-6):280-2.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Saadeh A</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Case report: Acute myocardial infarction complicating a viper bite</article-title>
          <source>Am J Trop Med Hyg</source>
          <year>2001</year>
          <volume>64</volume>
          <issue>5-6</issue>
          <fpage>280</fpage>
          <lpage>282</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <label>7</label>
        <mixed-citation>7 Niraj MD, Jauyamalee JL, Kumara IW, Tissera NW. Acute myocardial infarction following a Russell's viper bite: a case report. Int Arch Med. 2013;6:7.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Niraj</surname>
              <given-names>MD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Jauyamalee</surname>
              <given-names>JL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kumara</surname>
              <given-names>IW</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Tissera</surname>
              <given-names>NW</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Acute myocardial infarction following a Russell's viper bite: a case report</article-title>
          <source>Int Arch Med</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <volume>6</volume>
          <fpage>7</fpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B8">
        <label>8</label>
        <mixed-citation>8 Gaballa M, Taher T, Brodin LA, van der Linden J, O'Reilly K, Huie W, et al. Myocardial infarction as a rare consequence of a snakebite: diagnosis with novel echocardiographic tissue Doppler techniques. Circulation. 2005;112:e140-e142.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Gaballa</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Taher</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Brodin</surname>
              <given-names>LA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>van der Linden</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>O'Reilly</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Huie</surname>
              <given-names>W</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Myocardial infarction as a rare consequence of a snakebite: diagnosis with novel echocardiographic tissue Doppler techniques</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>2005</year>
          <volume>112</volume>
          <fpage>e140</fpage>
          <lpage>e142</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relatos de Caso</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio ap&#243;s Acidente Of&#237;dico</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gomes</surname>
            <given-names>Rafael Alessandro Ferreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cantarelli</surname>
            <given-names>Fabiano Lima</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Vieira</surname>
            <given-names>Franklin Almeida</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Macedo</surname>
            <given-names>Aluisio Roberto Andrade</given-names>
            <suffix>Jr.</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gouveia</surname>
            <given-names>Milena Motta de Almeida</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Feitosa</surname>
            <given-names>Audes Diogenes de Magalh&#227;es</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Dom Helder C&#226;mara, Cabo de Santo Agostinho, PE - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Rafael Alessandro Ferreira Gomes,</bold> BR 101 Sul, Km 28, s/n. CEP: 54580-812, Pte. dos Carvalhos, Cabo de Santo Agostinho, PE - Brasil. E-mail: <email>rgomesrecife@gmail.com</email>; <email>rafael_upe@yahoo.com.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Gomes RAF. Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Gomes RAF, Cantarelli FL, Vieira FA, Macedo Jr ARA. An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Gomes RAF, Cantarelli FL, Vieira FA, Macedo Jr. ARA. Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Gomes RAF, Macedo Jr. ARA. Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Gouveia MMA, Feitosa ADM.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Mordeduras de Serpentes/complica&#231;&#245;es</kwd>
        <kwd>Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio</kwd>
        <kwd>Dor no Peito</kwd>
        <kwd>Leucocitose</kwd>
        <kwd>Trombose Coron&#225;ria/complica&#231;&#245;es</kwd>
        <kwd>Angioplastia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>Eventos card&#237;acos s&#227;o raramente associados a acidentes of&#237;dicos, em especial os de serpentes da fam&#237;lia <italic>Elapidae</italic>. Relatamos uma v&#237;tima de acidente of&#237;dico que, em poucas horas, desenvolveu infarto do mioc&#225;rdio em parede inferior com boa evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Relato do caso</title>
          <p>Paciente de 53 anos, aut&#244;nomo, residente em &#225;rea rural, referiu que preparava uma horta no quintal de sua casa quando avistou uma serpente coral vindo em sua dire&#231;&#227;o. Ao tentar mat&#225;-la, acabou picado duas vezes na m&#227;o direita. Foi encaminhado ao servi&#231;o de refer&#234;ncia 5 horas ap&#243;s o evento, e mantinha-se consciente, com queixa de dor e edema local. Foram identificadas marcas de presas no segundo quirod&#225;ctilo direito (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 1</xref>), sendo medicado com analg&#233;sicos e soroantielap&#237;dico.</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f3">
              <label>Figura 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Marcas de presas no segundo quirod&#225;ctilo direito.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="2359-5647-ijcs-31-01-0079-70068-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
          <p>Exames da admiss&#227;o evidenciaram leucocitose e aumento do tempo de sangramento e de coagula&#231;&#227;o, sem outras altera&#231;&#245;es hematol&#243;gicas ou nefrol&#243;gicas. Ap&#243;s 6 horas de observa&#231;&#227;o, iniciou quadro de dor tor&#225;cica opressiva associado a n&#225;useas, sudorese e palidez cut&#226;neo-mucosa. No exame f&#237;sico, apresentava bradicardia (frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca de 50 bpm) e hipotens&#227;o (press&#227;o arterial de 90/60 mmHg), sem altera&#231;&#245;es na ausculta pulmonar ou card&#237;aca. Eletrocardiograma demonstrou ritmo de fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial com baixa resposta ventricular e supradesnivelamento de ST em D2, D3, aVF e V1-V3 (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 2</xref>).</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f4">
              <label>Figura 2</label>
              <caption>
                <title>Eletrocardiograma e cateterismo card&#237;aco da admiss&#227;o e ap&#243;s a angioplastia coron&#225;ria.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="2359-5647-ijcs-31-01-0079-70068-gf02-pt.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
          <p>Foram administrados 200 mg de aspirina e 600 mg de clopidogrel, e o paciente foi encaminhado &#224; sala de hemodin&#226;mica com achado de art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria direita oclu&#237;da proximalmente e les&#227;o moderada na art&#233;ria descendente anterior. Foi realizada angioplastia coron&#225;ria com stent n&#227;o farmacol&#243;gico na art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria direita (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 2</xref>), mas, devido &#224; elevada carga tromb&#243;tica, fluxo <italic>Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction</italic> (TIMI) II e blush mioc&#225;rdico 2-3, foi indicada tirofibana, tendo sido encaminhado a unidade de terapia intensiva coron&#225;ria.</p>
          <p>Houve melhora do sintoma e diminui&#231;&#227;o do supradesnivelamento do ST (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 2</xref>). Ap&#243;s 24 horas de amiodarona venosa, ainda mantinha-se em fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial, sendo submetido &#224; cardiovers&#227;o el&#233;trica com revers&#227;o para ritmo sinusal. Cursou com insufici&#234;ncia renal aguda e plaquetopenia leve, ambas transit&#243;rias. Ap&#243;s 6 dias, houve normaliza&#231;&#227;o dos exames hematol&#243;gicos, nefrol&#243;gicos e de coagula&#231;&#227;o. Evoluiu sem queixas cl&#237;nicas, recebendo alta hospitalar ap&#243;s 7 dias.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>O acidente of&#237;dico &#233; um evento prevalente em pa&#237;ses tropicais, sendo associado com elevada morbidade. Dados do Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> indicam que, no Brasil, ocorrem cerca de 7 mil acidentes of&#237;dicos por ano. As serpentes pe&#231;onhentas mais encontradas em nosso meio pertencem ao g&#234;neros <italic>Bothrops, Crotalus, Micrurus</italic> e <italic>Lachesis</italic>.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A intoxica&#231;&#227;o causada pelo veneno das serpentes &#233; usualmente apresentada por manifesta&#231;&#245;es locais, altera&#231;&#245;es hemorr&#225;gicas, nefrotoxicidade e neurotoxicidade. O envolvimento card&#237;aco &#233; raro, e os poucos casos descritos ocorrem em pacientes sem maiores fatores de risco cardiovascular ou doen&#231;a card&#237;aca conhecida.</p>
        <p>Estudo nigeriano<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> encontrou apenas 2% de infarto do mioc&#225;rdio ap&#243;s an&#225;lise de 108 pacientes v&#237;timas de acidente of&#237;dico. Estudo realizado em Papua-Nova Guin&#233;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> identificou 8,3% de altera&#231;&#245;es eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas associadas a grande aumento de troponina T, ap&#243;s 69 pacientes serem analisados. J&#225; estudo coreano<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> identificou 13,8% de inj&#250;ria mioc&#225;rdica, definida por eleva&#231;&#227;o de troponina I em 48 horas ou altera&#231;&#227;o eletrocardiogr&#225;fica, ap&#243;s an&#225;lise de 65 casos de acidentes of&#237;dicos consecutivos.</p>
        <p>A plausibilidade biol&#243;gica para esta associa&#231;&#227;o se deve &#224;s propriedades tromb&#243;ticas e vasoconstritoras do veneno das serpentes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> Al&#233;m do efeito das sarafotoxinas e do est&#237;mulo para a libera&#231;&#227;o de endotelinas, ainda colaboram neste processo a anemia secund&#225;ria &#224;s altera&#231;&#245;es de coagula&#231;&#227;o e o choque anafil&#225;tico mediado pelos efeitos cardiot&#243;xicos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
				</p>
        <p>O tratamento nestes pacientes &#233; um grande desafio. O veneno da serpente provoca plaquetopenia e coagulopatia, predispondo a sangramentos. Estes fen&#244;menos podem limitar o emprego de trombol&#237;tico e o implante de stents coron&#225;rios. No entanto, os doentes que j&#225; receberam soro antiof&#237;dico e possuem exames iniciais normais parecem ter baixo risco de eventos hemorr&#225;gicos.</p>
        <p>O uso de inibidor da glicoprote&#237;na IIb/IIIa &#233; uma op&#231;&#227;o nos pacientes muito tromb&#243;ticos e j&#225; foi utilizado em outro relato de caso,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> tamb&#233;m em paciente que j&#225; recebera soro antiof&#237;dico e com exames de coagula&#231;&#227;o dentro da normalidade.</p>
        <p>Em nosso caso, a temporalidade do acidente of&#237;dico com o desenvolvimento de infarto do mioc&#225;rdio e o achado de elevada carga tromb&#243;tica ao cateterismo card&#237;aco refor&#231;am a ideia de associa&#231;&#227;o dessas duas condi&#231;&#245;es.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
        <p>Apesar de raro, devemos sempre estar alertas para a associa&#231;&#227;o entre acidente of&#237;dico como precipitante de evento coron&#225;rio. A administra&#231;&#227;o precoce do soro antiof&#237;dico e a vigil&#226;ncia para as altera&#231;&#245;es na coagula&#231;&#227;o s&#227;o essenciais para o manuseio adequado desta popula&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
