<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.7" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ijcs</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Int. J. Cardiovasc. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2359-4802</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2359-5647</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">k9nXmcKfW7WSwvtYP8rWsbf</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S2359-56472018000100056</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/2359-4802.20170097</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Mortality Trend Due to Cerebrovascular Accident in the City of Maring&#225;, Paran&#225; between the Years of 2005 to 2015</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ara&#250;jo</surname>
            <given-names>J&#233;ssica Pizatto de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Darcis</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o Vin&#237;cius Val&#233;rio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tomas</surname>
            <given-names>Adriana Cunha Vargas</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mello</surname>
            <given-names>Willian Augusto de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label> 1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Centro Universit&#225;rio de Maring&#225;</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <state>PR</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro Universit&#225;rio de Maring&#225; (CESUMAR), PR - Brazil</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Centro Universit&#225;rio de Maring&#225;</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Estadual do Paran&#225;</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <state>PR</state>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Estadual do Paran&#225; (UNESPAR), PR - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Andressa Sard&#225; Maiochi Takagui,</bold> Rua Ol&#237;vio Domingos Brugnago, 195. Postal Code: 89259-260, Vila Nova, Jaragu&#225; do Sul, SC - Brazil. E-mail: <email>dessa_maiochi@hotmail.com</email>,<email>andressa.s.maiochi@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Ara&#250;jo JP, Darcis JVV, Tomas ACV, Mello WA. Acquisition of data: Ara&#250;jo JP, Darcis JVV, Tomas ACV, Mello WA. Analysis and interpretation of the data: Ara&#250;jo JP, Darcis JVV, Tomas ACV, Mello WA. Statistical analysis: Ara&#250;jo JP, Darcis JVV, Tomas ACV, Mello WA. Obtaining financing: Ara&#250;jo JP, Darcis JVV, Tomas ACV, Mello WA. Writing of the manuscript: Ara&#250;jo JP, Darcis JVV, Tomas ACV, Mello WA. Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Ara&#250;jo JP, Darcis JVV, Tomas ACV, Mello WA. Supervision / as the major investigador: Ara&#250;jo JP, Darcis JVV, Tomas ACV, Mello WA.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <season>Jan-Feb</season>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>31</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>56</fpage>
      <lpage>62</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>19</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>Stroke is the second largest cause of death in the world, responsible for 6.7 million deaths in 2012. In Brazil, among the leading causes of death, cerebrovascular diseases occupy the first place.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective:</title>
          <p>to analyze the trend of deaths from cerebrovascular accident (CVA) in the city of Maring&#225;, Paran&#225;, Brazil, between the years of 2005 and 2015.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>Cross-sectional study of time series performed at the Municipal Health Department of Maring&#225;. Secondary data on death certificates for stroke in the city of Maring&#225; between 2005 and 2015, selected according to the specific MC for CID-10 presented with few variations in the time interval studied. The coefficient for ICD-10 - I69.4 was higher in 2011. The lowest coefficient for the whole period was I61.9. The trend of total mortality coefficients reached peak in the years 2007 and 2008, small variations occurred after this period until 2015. (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>) (ICD-10) from I60 to I69 were used. For trend verification, the polynomial regression model was used. Mortality Coefficients (MC) by main cause of death were calculated using the total number of people who died of stroke divided by the population exposed to the risk, multiplied by one hundred thousand. The trends were analyzed using the Polynomial Regression model, considered significant when p &lt; 0.05. Population data were obtained from the database of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>Stroke was responsible for 1,843 deaths in the study period, with ICD- 10 - I64, I69.4 and I61.9 being the most frequent. The years with the highest number of deaths from the disease were 2007 and 2008. 52% of deaths occurred in males and 74% in individuals over 65 years.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusions:</title>
          <p>The trend of general mortality was constant, but there was an increasing trend of deaths among white married males.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Stroke / mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Epidemiology</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Risk Factors</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>the Stroke is the second largest cause of death in the world, responsible for 6.7 million deaths in 2012.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> In Brazil, among the main causes of death, cerebrovascular diseases are in first place, followed by the acute myocardial infarction. In 2014, the 80-year-old or older group accounted for approximately 37% of the deaths and the incidence was similar in both genders, 50.1% of the cases in men.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that by 2030, stroke will remain as the world's second-leading cause of death, accounting for 12.2% of deaths predicted for the year.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>
			</p>
      <p>In the State of Paran&#225;, in 2012, there were more than 6 thousand deaths from the disease, most of them of people over 50 years old. Data indicate that only in the first half of 2013 the State had already registered 6.3 thousand people hospitalized for stroke.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Cerebral Vascular Accident has high levels of morbidity and mortality, and in those cases when the individuals affected by the disease do not die, functional impairment may be generated and will be presented as provisional or permanent.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> The stroke can manifest itself in two ways: (obstruction of the vessel, making it difficult to supply oxygen and substrates to brain tissue - a result of atherosclerotic or embolic processes) and hemorrhagic (extravasation of blood into or around central nervous system structures - intraparenchymal and subarachnoid, respectively).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> The major risk factors for the disease are divided into unchangeable and changeable. The unchangeable factors are: old age, males and race. The changeable ones are, mainly, systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and smoking.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Although a lot of literature related to this disease is available, as far as we know there is no current research related to the trend of stroke mortality in the city of Maring&#225;, therefore this study exposes data that allow the reflection on measures to be elaborated in the early recognition of cerebrovascular accident, and then improve the mortality indicators of the municipality.</p>
      <p>Therefore, the objective of this research was to analyze the trend of deaths due to stroke in Maring&#225;, Paran&#225;, Brazil.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Methods</title>
      <p>A cross-sectional study of time series of deaths from stroke, recorded in the death certificates of men and women of all age groups and ethnicities, living in a medium-sized municipality in the south of Brazil, with a population of 397,437 inhabitants.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> The study was conducted at the Municipal Health Secretariat of Maring&#225; through Epidemiological Surveillance, from 2005 to 2015.</p>
      <p>The information obtained was collected from a structured instrument presenting the following variables: year of death, age, sex, ethnicity, civil status, and International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) related to stroke (I60 to I69).</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Statistical analysis</title>
        <p>Data were compiled in the Microsoft Office Excel&#174; program and later analyzed using simple descriptive statistics through the calculation of summary measures, line graphs, polynomial trend analyzes and scatter plot.</p>
        <p>The inferential analyzes used to confirm or refute evidence found in the descriptive analysis were the Pearson's Chi-square test or Fisher's Exact test extension. For the conclusion obtained through the inferential analysis was used the level of significance a equal to 5%.</p>
        <p>For trend verification, the polynomial regression model was used, in which the coefficients of mortality were considered as dependent variables (y) and the years of study as independent variables (x). The year variable was transformed into the year-center variable (x-2009) and the series were smoothed by means of a three-point moving average. The models of linear polynomial regression (y = &#946;0+&#946;1x1), quadratic (y = &#946;0+&#946;1x1+&#946;2x2), and cubic (y = &#946;0+&#946;1x1+&#946;2x2+&#946;3x3) were tested. It was considered a significant trend, the one which estimated model obtained p value &lt; 0.05. For the choice of the best model, the analysis of the dispersion diagram, the coefficient of determination (r<sup>2</sup>) and residue analysis (true homoscedasticity assumption) were also considered. When all criteria were significant for more than one model and the coefficient of determination was similar, we chose the simpler model. The analyzes were performed using <italic>Microsoft Excel</italic> (version 2013), <italic>Epi Info</italic> 2005 and <italic>SPSS</italic>, version 20.1.</p>
        <p>The mortality coefficients (MC) by main cause of death were calculated using the numerator the total number of people who died due to stroke, and in the denominator the population exposed to the risk, multiplied by one hundred thousand. Subsequently, calculations of the mortality coefficient by International Classification of Diseases (ICD) for each age group were made, using as the numerator the total number of deaths in a given age group, and in the denominator the population of the same age group, multiplied by one hundred thousand. Population data were obtained from the database of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics.</p>
        <p>The ethical aspects involved in the present research were based on the guidelines and norms of research involving human beings of the National Health Council (Resolution CNS 466/2012). The research does not require the Consent Form because it is secondary data, however the attached Risk and Confidentiality Statement was signed. The project was submitted to the Ethics Committee O projeto foi submetido &#224; aprecia&#231;&#227;o do Comit&#234; de &#201;tica do Centro Universit&#225;rio de Maring&#225; - Unicesumar, com parecer positivo n. 1.745.904.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <p>During the period of this study, were recorded 20,387 deaths in total. Cerebral vascular accident was responsible for 1,843 of the deaths, and ICD-10 - I64 (Stroke not specified as hemorrhagic or ischemic), I69.4 (Sequelae of stroke not specified as hemorrhagic or ischemic) and I61. 9 (Unspecified intracerebral hemorrhage) were the most found, corresponding to 536, 535 and 268 cases respectively.</p>
      <p>After that, it was sought to identify the behavior of the mortality coefficients (MC), according to clinical and sociodemographic variables, comparing to the general coefficient of mortality due to stroke and those specific to the ICD-10 found most frequently (I61.9, I64 and I69.4). <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref> shows a higher coefficient of general mortality due to stroke between 2007 and 2008. The mortality coefficients for males, white and marital status were the ones that stood out the most during the majority of the studied period.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Table 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Mortality coefficients according to clinical and sociodemographic variables. Maring&#225;-PR, 2005 to 2015</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="8%"/>
            <col width="8%"/>
            <col width="8%"/>
            <col width="8%"/>
            <col width="8%"/>
            <col width="8%"/>
            <col width="8%"/>
            <col width="8%"/>
            <col width="8%"/>
            <col width="8%"/>
            <col width="8%"/>
            <col width="8%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Year</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">2005</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">2006</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">2007</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">2008</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">2009</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">2010</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">2011</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">2012</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">2013</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">2014</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">2015</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">General MC</td>
              <td align="center">48.6</td>
              <td align="center">47.16</td>
              <td align="center">54</td>
              <td align="center">53.71</td>
              <td align="center">43.2</td>
              <td align="center">46.49</td>
              <td align="center">49.4</td>
              <td align="center">45.18</td>
              <td align="center">47.4</td>
              <td align="center">43.4</td>
              <td align="center">43.3</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Kind of stoke</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">I61.9</td>
              <td align="center">6.58</td>
              <td align="center">8.01</td>
              <td align="center">7.06</td>
              <td align="center">9.05</td>
              <td align="center">8.64</td>
              <td align="center">6.44</td>
              <td align="center">4.69</td>
              <td align="center">7.08</td>
              <td align="center">7</td>
              <td align="center">5.87</td>
              <td align="center">5.79</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">I64</td>
              <td align="center">12.5</td>
              <td align="center">15.1</td>
              <td align="center">16.6</td>
              <td align="center">16.6</td>
              <td align="center">11.3</td>
              <td align="center">14</td>
              <td align="center">13.5</td>
              <td align="center">12.25</td>
              <td align="center">13</td>
              <td align="center">11.49</td>
              <td align="center">15.4</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">I69.4</td>
              <td align="center">15.4</td>
              <td align="center">10.48</td>
              <td align="center">16</td>
              <td align="center">12.67</td>
              <td align="center">11</td>
              <td align="center">12.6</td>
              <td align="center">18.8</td>
              <td align="center">15.79</td>
              <td align="center">14.5</td>
              <td align="center">12</td>
              <td align="center">11.8</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Gender</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Male</td>
              <td align="center">28.8</td>
              <td align="center">24.7</td>
              <td align="center">25.5</td>
              <td align="center">30.2</td>
              <td align="center">25.6</td>
              <td align="center">24.4</td>
              <td align="center">22.9</td>
              <td align="center">24.8</td>
              <td align="center">23.8</td>
              <td align="center">20.4</td>
              <td align="center">22.6</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Female</td>
              <td align="center">19.8</td>
              <td align="center">22.5</td>
              <td align="center">28.5</td>
              <td align="center">23.5</td>
              <td align="center">17.6</td>
              <td align="center">22.1</td>
              <td align="center">26.5</td>
              <td align="center">20.4</td>
              <td align="center">23.6</td>
              <td align="center">23.0</td>
              <td align="center">20.6</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Age group</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">0 - 29 y.a.</td>
              <td align="center">0.3</td>
              <td align="center">0.6</td>
              <td align="center">0.0</td>
              <td align="center">0.6</td>
              <td align="center">0.0</td>
              <td align="center">0.0</td>
              <td align="center">0.0</td>
              <td align="center">0.3</td>
              <td align="center">0.3</td>
              <td align="center">0.0</td>
              <td align="center">0.8</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">30 - 49 y.a.</td>
              <td align="center">4.7</td>
              <td align="center">4.3</td>
              <td align="center">4.0</td>
              <td align="center">3.3</td>
              <td align="center">1.2</td>
              <td align="center">3.1</td>
              <td align="center">4.4</td>
              <td align="center">2.4</td>
              <td align="center">3.4</td>
              <td align="center">3.3</td>
              <td align="center">1.0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">50 - 65 y.a.</td>
              <td align="center">7.5</td>
              <td align="center">8.3</td>
              <td align="center">10.4</td>
              <td align="center">12.4</td>
              <td align="center">10.4</td>
              <td align="center">8.4</td>
              <td align="center">7.5</td>
              <td align="center">11.4</td>
              <td align="center">8.3</td>
              <td align="center">6.4</td>
              <td align="center">7.3</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&gt; 65 y.a.</td>
              <td align="center">36.1</td>
              <td align="center">33.9</td>
              <td align="center">39.6</td>
              <td align="center">37.4</td>
              <td align="center">31.6</td>
              <td align="center">35.0</td>
              <td align="center">37.5</td>
              <td align="center">31.0</td>
              <td align="center">35.5</td>
              <td align="center">33.7</td>
              <td align="center">34.2</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Race / color</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">White</td>
              <td align="center">40.4</td>
              <td align="center">38.8</td>
              <td align="center">47.2</td>
              <td align="center">41.9</td>
              <td align="center">34.9</td>
              <td align="center">37.0</td>
              <td align="center">39.5</td>
              <td align="center">35.1</td>
              <td align="center">37.6</td>
              <td align="center">32.9</td>
              <td align="center">32.0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Black</td>
              <td align="center">4.7</td>
              <td align="center">3.4</td>
              <td align="center">4.0</td>
              <td align="center">6.3</td>
              <td align="center">4.8</td>
              <td align="center">6.2</td>
              <td align="center">4.1</td>
              <td align="center">3.8</td>
              <td align="center">4.9</td>
              <td align="center">6.1</td>
              <td align="center">6.0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Marital status</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Single</td>
              <td align="center">6.6</td>
              <td align="center">2.5</td>
              <td align="center">4.0</td>
              <td align="center">6.6</td>
              <td align="center">2.7</td>
              <td align="center">3.1</td>
              <td align="center">5.8</td>
              <td align="center">4.9</td>
              <td align="center">5.7</td>
              <td align="center">3.3</td>
              <td align="center">4.3</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Married</td>
              <td align="center">21.9</td>
              <td align="center">21.9</td>
              <td align="center">25.2</td>
              <td align="center">23.2</td>
              <td align="center">23.5</td>
              <td align="center">22.7</td>
              <td align="center">21.8</td>
              <td align="center">21.8</td>
              <td align="center">18.4</td>
              <td align="center">19.7</td>
              <td align="center">19.4</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Widower</td>
              <td align="center">16.3</td>
              <td align="center">19.4</td>
              <td align="center">22.1</td>
              <td align="center">19.3</td>
              <td align="center">14.0</td>
              <td align="center">18.2</td>
              <td align="center">17.9</td>
              <td align="center">13.9</td>
              <td align="center">18.4</td>
              <td align="center">16.1</td>
              <td align="center">16.1</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Other</td>
              <td align="center">3.8</td>
              <td align="center">3.4</td>
              <td align="center">2.8</td>
              <td align="center">4.5</td>
              <td align="center">3.0</td>
              <td align="center">2.5</td>
              <td align="center">3.9</td>
              <td align="center">4.6</td>
              <td align="center">4.9</td>
              <td align="center">4.3</td>
              <td align="center">3.5</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Education</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&lt; 8 years</td>
              <td align="center">9.7</td>
              <td align="center">10.8</td>
              <td align="center">12.3</td>
              <td align="center">16.9</td>
              <td align="center">7.2</td>
              <td align="center">7.0</td>
              <td align="center">13.0</td>
              <td align="center">11.4</td>
              <td align="center">12.4</td>
              <td align="center">10.5</td>
              <td align="center">9.1</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&#8805; 8 years</td>
              <td align="center">37.0</td>
              <td align="center">34.5</td>
              <td align="center">35.6</td>
              <td align="center">33.8</td>
              <td align="center">34.3</td>
              <td align="center">37.8</td>
              <td align="center">36.2</td>
              <td align="center">32.9</td>
              <td align="center">34.0</td>
              <td align="center">32.9</td>
              <td align="center">34.2</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>The specific MC for ICD-10 presented few variations during the studied interval of time. The coefficient for ICD-10 I69.4 was higher in 2011. The lowest coefficient for the whole period was I61.9. The trend of total mortality coefficients reached peak in the years 2007 and 2008, small variations occurred after this period until 2015. (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>)</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f1">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Distribution and trend models of mortality coefficients for stroke in total and according to ICD-10. Maring&#225;, Paran&#225;, Brazil, 2005 to 2015.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="2359-5647-ijcs-31-01-0056-70097-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref> shows, from the MC shown above, that the trend of mortality in males was increasing, with mean MC of 25.07, and increase of 0.73 per year (r<sup>2</sup>= 0.5347). There was also an increasing tendency of coefficients in the white race, with an average coefficient of 37.94 and an increase of 0.94 per year (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.51). The data also show that there was an increasing trend in married individuals, with a mean coefficient of 21.76, and an increase of 0.42 per year (r<sup>2</sup> 0.50). The overall trend in stroke mortality was constant.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t2">
        <label>Table 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Trend analysis of mortality coefficients according to clinical and sociodemographic variables. Maring&#225;-Paran&#225;, 2005 to 2015</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Variables</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Modell</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">R<sup>2</sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN1">*</xref>
							</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">p</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Trend</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Gender</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Male</td>
              <td align="center">y = 25.07+0.73x-0.019x<sup>2</sup>-0.007x<sup>3</sup></td>
              <td align="center">0.5347</td>
              <td align="center">0.0106</td>
              <td align="center">Crescent</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Female</td>
              <td align="center">y = 23.2+0.32x-0.064x<sup>2</sup>-0.015x<sup>3</sup></td>
              <td align="center">0.0033</td>
              <td align="center">0.8667</td>
              <td align="center">Constant</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">TOTAL</td>
              <td align="center">y = 48.27+1.05x-0.083x<sup>2</sup>-0.022x<sup>3</sup></td>
              <td align="center">0.3267</td>
              <td align="center">0.0662</td>
              <td align="center">Constant</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Kind of Stroke</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">I61.9</td>
              <td align="center">y = 7.23+0.50x-0.030x<sup>2</sup>-0.017x<sup>3</sup></td>
              <td align="center">0.2343</td>
              <td align="center">0.1314</td>
              <td align="center">Constant</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">I64</td>
              <td align="center">y = 13.65+1.04x+0.01x<sup>2</sup>-0.04x<sup>3</sup></td>
              <td align="center">0.0797</td>
              <td align="center">0.4003</td>
              <td align="center">Constant</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">I69.4</td>
              <td align="center">y = 14.34-0.89x-0.06x<sup>2</sup>+0.051x<sup>3</sup></td>
              <td align="center">0.0005</td>
              <td align="center">0.9482</td>
              <td align="center">Constant</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Age Group</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">0 - 29 y.a.</td>
              <td align="center">y = 0.09+0.06x+0.016x<sup>2</sup>-0.003x<sup>3</sup></td>
              <td align="center">0.0002</td>
              <td align="center">0.9648</td>
              <td align="center">Constant</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">30 - 49 y.a.</td>
              <td align="center">y = 3.10-0.19x+0.009x<sup>2</sup>+0.022x<sup>3</sup></td>
              <td align="center">0.3145</td>
              <td align="center">0.0727</td>
              <td align="center">Constant</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">50 - 65 y.a.</td>
              <td align="center">y = 10.05+0.58x-0.11x<sup>2</sup>-0.022x<sup>3</sup></td>
              <td align="center">0.1000</td>
              <td align="center">0.3434</td>
              <td align="center">Constant</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&gt; 65 y.a.</td>
              <td align="center">y = 35.02+0.60x+0.002x<sup>2</sup>-0.019x<sup>3</sup></td>
              <td align="center">0.1171</td>
              <td align="center">0.3029</td>
              <td align="center">Constant</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Race/color</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">White</td>
              <td align="center">y = 37.94+0.94x</td>
              <td align="center">0.5149</td>
              <td align="center">0.0129</td>
              <td align="center">Crescent</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Not white</td>
              <td align="center">y = 4.86+0.10x+0.007x<sup>2</sup>-0.013x<sup>3</sup></td>
              <td align="center">0.1742</td>
              <td align="center">0.2016</td>
              <td align="center">Constant</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Marital status</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Single</td>
              <td align="center">y = 4.35-0.369x+0.013x<sup>2</sup>+0.022x<sup>3</sup></td>
              <td align="center">0.0043</td>
              <td align="center">0.8473</td>
              <td align="center">Constant</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Married</td>
              <td align="center">y = 21.76+0.4245x</td>
              <td align="center">0.5061</td>
              <td align="center">0.0141</td>
              <td align="center">Crescent</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Education</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&lt; 8 years</td>
              <td align="center">y = 11.35+0.16x-0.04x<sup>2</sup>-0.004x<sup>3</sup></td>
              <td align="center">0.0097</td>
              <td align="center">0.7730</td>
              <td align="center">Constant</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&#8805; 8 years</td>
              <td align="center">y = 34.93+0.07x-0.01x<sup>2</sup>+0.008x<sup>3</sup></td>
              <td align="center">0.2211</td>
              <td align="center">0.1444</td>
              <td align="center">Constant</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN1">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>R<sup>2</sup>: Determination coefficient</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>The present study shows stroke mortality trend (CVA) data specifying the cause of death according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Deaths attributed to non-specified hemorrhagic or ischemic strokes (ICD-10 - I64) were the ones that most affected the population of Maring&#225; in the period from 2005 to 2015. The trend in mortality coefficients (MC) for stroke was increasing in the male, white race and married civil status. For the most frequent vascular accidents: I61.9, I64 and I69.4 the mean coefficient was constant.</p>
      <p>A study published in 2012 also observed the predominance of deaths due to stroke in males, representing 50.61% of the total.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> These data are in agreement with the present research, because it was found that approximately 52% of all deaths occurred in males. Only in the years 2007, 2011 and 2014 the incidence of deaths in women exceeded that of men.</p>
      <p>The mortality rate due to stroke in Brazil is one of the highest among Latin American countries, and although this mortality rate declined in recent years, the decrease is not the same in all regions of the country, since the Northeast still has higher rates.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> The decline in mortality differs according to ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status. Although the research shows a higher incidence in the black population,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> the present study showed a higher mortality in white individuals, which represented approximately 80% of the deaths. According to the 2010 IBGE Census, the city of Maring&#225; had 70.8% of the population that declared themselves white and 3.39% who declared black. Therefore, if the number of deaths due to stroke in the black population and in the white population exposed to the risk is compared, it can be observed that in 2010, 0.05% of the white population and 0.18% of the black population died because of stroke.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
			</p>
      <p>A significant reduction in mortality from circulatory diseases (cerebrovascular diseases and ischemic heart disease) occurs in Brazil today.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> One study showed that between 1980 and 2002 there was a reduction in mortality from cerebrovascular disease greater than 50% in most regions of Brazil, except for the Northeast region where the reduction was 41%. This reduction in mortality is compared to what was also observed in the USA and Canada due to improvements in public health policies.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>
			</p>
      <p>A study carried out in Porto Alegre, Brazil, showed the main risk factors for the development of stroke. Among them are age, marital status and socioeconomic factor. Was identified a higher incidence of the disease between 40 and 79 years, in widowed and individuals of low socioeconomic status. They also reported that the highest number of years of schooling is a protective factor against stroke.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> However, the present study has shown somewhat different data, since a greater number of deaths were observed in older people over 65 years of age (74 % of total) in married and widowed individuals and the highest number of deaths occurred in individuals with 8 years or more of study. A possible explanation for the divergence in relation to schooling may be due to the fact that, according to the 2010 Census, approximately 68.37% of the Maring&#225; population had 8 years or more of study.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Researches that seek for associate risk factors for stroke and strategies that can improve prevention, diagnosis and therapeutic assistance are fundamental for the reduction of the indicators.</p>
      <p>One of the possible limitations of the study was the use of secondary data, which may underreport deaths due to stroke.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusion</title>
      <p>In the period of this study, the trend of stroke mortality was constant. There were 20,387 deaths in total. The cerebrovascular accident was responsible for 1,843 of the deaths, and the ICD 10 - I64, I69.4 and I61.9 were the most found. There was a growing trend of deaths in males, marital status and white race people. The years that were most affected by deaths in this pathology were 2007 and 2008.</p>
      <p>The occurrence of deaths due to the disease described in this study, did not show to be decreasing, may be as a reflection of the inefficiency of care and control programs, that can not constitute a prevention program. It is important to emphasize that the effectiveness of prevention can be related to the reduction of deaths and health costs, bringing benefits both for the population and the economy.</p>
      <p>Prevention, early diagnosis, rapid treatment and the way in which professionals and families accompany patients with stroke are key points in reducing numbers related to disease mortality. In this context, the importance of the topic addressed in the study to enable both professionals involved in care and health managers is highlighted. They need to be able to identify factors that put the health of the population at risk, and thus to perform the appropriate care and necessary referrals, in order to reduce indicators of morbidity and mortality.</p>
      <p>We hope that this work will contribute to the definition, implementation and execution of awareness programs on the early recognition, tracking and assistance of stroke in the city of Maring&#225;.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This article is part of the thesis of graduation program submitted by J&#233;ssica Pizatto de Ara&#250;jo, from Centro Universit&#225;rio de Maring&#225; - Unicesumar.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Ethics approval and consent to participate</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Centro Universit&#225;rio de Maring&#225; - Unicesumar under the protocol number 1.745.904. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1 World Health Organization. (WHO). The top 10 causes of death. [Internet] Geneva; 2014. [Cited in 2016 Nov 22]. Available from: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/em">http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/em</ext-link>.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="webpage">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <collab>World Health Organization</collab>
          </person-group>
          <source>The top 10 causes of death</source>
          <comment>[Internet]</comment>
          <publisher-loc>Geneva</publisher-loc>
          <year>2014</year>
          <date-in-citation content-type="access-date">2016 Nov 22</date-in-citation>
          <comment>Available from: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/em">http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/em</ext-link>
					</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2 Brasil. Minist&#233;rio da sa&#250;de. Informa&#231;&#245;es de sa&#250;de TABNET - Estat&#237;sticas vitais. Datasus. [internet]. [Citado em 2016 nov 22]. Dispon&#237;vel em: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://tabnet.datasus.gov.br">http://tabnet.datasus.gov.br</ext-link>
				</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="webpage">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <collab>Brasil</collab>
            <collab>Minist&#233;rio da sa&#250;de</collab>
          </person-group>
          <source>Informa&#231;&#245;es de sa&#250;de TABNET - Estat&#237;sticas vitais. Datasus</source>
          <comment>[internet]</comment>
          <date-in-citation content-type="access-date">2016 nov 22</date-in-citation>
          <comment>Dispon&#237;vel em: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://tabnet.datasus.gov.br">http://tabnet.datasus.gov.br</ext-link>
					</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>3 World Health Organization. (WHO). Health statistics and information systems - Projections of mortality and causes of death, 2015 and 2030. [Internet]. Geneva; 2013. [Cited in 2016 Nov 22]. Available from: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/projections/em">http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/projections/em</ext-link>
				</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <collab>World Health Organization</collab>
          </person-group>
          <source>Health statistics and information systems - Projections of mortality and causes of death, 2015 and 2030</source>
          <comment>[Internet]</comment>
          <publisher-loc>Geneva</publisher-loc>
          <year>2013</year>
          <date-in-citation content-type="access-date">2016 Nov 22</date-in-citation>
          <comment>Available from: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/projections/em">http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/projections/em</ext-link>
					</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation>4 Paran&#225; (Estado). Secretaria de Sa&#250;de do Estado do Paran&#225;. Paran&#225; lan&#231;a estrat&#233;gia para reduzir mortes e sequelas por AVC. [Internet] Paran&#225;; 2013. [Citado em 2016 nov 22]. Dispon&#237;vel em: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.saude.pr.gov.br/modules/noticias/article.php?storyid=3303&amp;tit=Parana-lanca-estrategia-para-reduzir-mortes-e-sequelas-por-AVC">http://www.saude.pr.gov.br/modules/noticias/article.php?storyid=3303&amp;tit=Parana-lanca-estrategia-para-reduzir-mortes-e-sequelas-por-AVC</ext-link>.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="webpage">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <collab>Paran&#225; (Estado)</collab>
            <collab>Secretaria de Sa&#250;de do Estado do Paran&#225;</collab>
          </person-group>
          <source>Paran&#225; lan&#231;a estrat&#233;gia para reduzir mortes e sequelas por AVC</source>
          <comment>[Internet]</comment>
          <publisher-loc>Paran&#225;</publisher-loc>
          <year>2013</year>
          <date-in-citation content-type="access-date">2016 nov 22</date-in-citation>
          <comment>Dispon&#237;vel em: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.saude.pr.gov.br/modules/noticias/article.php?storyid=3303&amp;tit=Parana-lanca-estrategia-para-reduzir-mortes-e-sequelas-por-AVC">http://www.saude.pr.gov.br/modules/noticias/article.php?storyid=3303&amp;tit=Parana-lanca-estrategia-para-reduzir-mortes-e-sequelas-por-AVC</ext-link>
					</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation>5 Damata SR, Formiga LM, Ara&#250;jo AK, Oliveira EA, Oliveira AK, Formiga RC. Perfil epidemiol&#243;gico dos idosos acometidos por acidente vascular cerebral. R. Interd. 2016;9(1):107-17.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Damata</surname>
              <given-names>SR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Formiga</surname>
              <given-names>LM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ara&#250;jo</surname>
              <given-names>AK</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Oliveira</surname>
              <given-names>EA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Oliveira</surname>
              <given-names>AK</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Formiga</surname>
              <given-names>RC</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Perfil epidemiol&#243;gico dos idosos acometidos por acidente vascular cerebral</article-title>
          <source>R. Interd</source>
          <year>2016</year>
          <volume>9</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>107</fpage>
          <lpage>117</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <label>6</label>
        <mixed-citation>6 Chaves ML. Acidente vascular encef&#225;lico: conceitua&#231;&#227;o e fatores de risco. Rev Bras Hipertens. 2000;7(4):372-82.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Chaves</surname>
              <given-names>ML</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Acidente vascular encef&#225;lico: conceitua&#231;&#227;o e fatores de risco</article-title>
          <source>Rev Bras Hipertens</source>
          <year>2000</year>
          <volume>7</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>372</fpage>
          <lpage>382</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <label>7</label>
        <mixed-citation>7 de Castro JA, Epstein MG, Sabino GB, Nogueira GL, Blankenburg C, Staszko KF, et al. Estudo dos principais fatores de risco para acidente vascular encef&#225;lico. Rev Soc Bras Clin Med. 2009;7(3):171-3.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>de Castro</surname>
              <given-names>JA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Epstein</surname>
              <given-names>MG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sabino</surname>
              <given-names>GB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Nogueira</surname>
              <given-names>GL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Blankenburg</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Staszko</surname>
              <given-names>KF</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Estudo dos principais fatores de risco para acidente vascular encef&#225;lico</article-title>
          <source>Rev Soc Bras Clin Med</source>
          <year>2009</year>
          <volume>7</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>171</fpage>
          <lpage>173</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B8">
        <label>8</label>
        <mixed-citation>8 Ipardes. Instituto Paranaense de Desenvolvimento Econ&#244;mico e Social. [Internet]. [Accesso em 2016 Nov 22]. Disponivel em: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ipardes.gov.br/index.php?pg_conteudo=1&amp;mais_noticias=1&amp;ano_pub=2015">http://www.ipardes.gov.br/index.php?pg_conteudo=1&amp;mais_noticias=1&amp;ano_pub=2015</ext-link>.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="webpage">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <collab>Ipardes</collab>
          </person-group>
          <source>Instituto Paranaense de Desenvolvimento Econ&#244;mico e Social</source>
          <comment>[Internet]</comment>
          <date-in-citation content-type="access-date">2016 Nov 22</date-in-citation>
          <comment>Disponivel em: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ipardes.gov.br/index.php?pg_conteudo=1&amp;mais_noticias=1&amp;ano_pub=2015">http://www.ipardes.gov.br/index.php?pg_conteudo=1&amp;mais_noticias=1&amp;ano_pub=2015</ext-link>
					</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B9">
        <label>9</label>
        <mixed-citation>9 Garritano CR, Luz PM, Pires ML, Barbosa MT, Batista KM. Analysis of the mortality trend due to cerebrovascular accident in Brazil in the XXI century. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2012;98(6):519-27. doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0066-782X2012005000041">http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0066-782X2012005000041</ext-link>.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Garritano</surname>
              <given-names>CR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Luz</surname>
              <given-names>PM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pires</surname>
              <given-names>ML</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Barbosa</surname>
              <given-names>MT</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Batista</surname>
              <given-names>KM</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Analysis of the mortality trend due to cerebrovascular accident in Brazil in the XXI century</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2012</year>
          <volume>98</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>519</fpage>
          <lpage>527</lpage>
          <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0066-782X2012005000041">http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0066-782X2012005000041</ext-link>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B10">
        <label>10</label>
        <mixed-citation>10 Ribeiro AL, Duncan BB, Brant LC, Lotufo PA, Mill JG, Barreto SM. Cardiovascular health in Brazil: trends and perspectives. Circulation. 2016;133(4):422-33. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.008727.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
              <given-names>AL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Duncan</surname>
              <given-names>BB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Brant</surname>
              <given-names>LC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lotufo</surname>
              <given-names>PA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mill</surname>
              <given-names>JG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Barreto</surname>
              <given-names>SM</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Cardiovascular health in Brazil: trends and perspectives</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>2016</year>
          <volume>133</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>422</fpage>
          <lpage>433</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.008727</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B11">
        <label>11</label>
        <mixed-citation>11 Lotufo PA. Stroke in Brazil: a neglected disease. Sao Paulo Med J. 2005;123(1):3-4. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-31802005000100001">http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-31802005000100001</ext-link>.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Lotufo</surname>
              <given-names>PA</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Stroke in Brazil: a neglected disease</article-title>
          <source>Sao Paulo Med J</source>
          <year>2005</year>
          <volume>123</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>3</fpage>
          <lpage>4</lpage>
          <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-31802005000100001">http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-31802005000100001</ext-link>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B12">
        <label>12</label>
        <mixed-citation>12 Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat&#237;stica. (IBGE). Censo Demogr&#225;fico 2010. Maring&#225; (PR). [Internet]. [Citado em 2016 nov 22]. Dispon&#237;vel em <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://cod.ibge.gov.br/6C8">http://cod.ibge.gov.br/6C8</ext-link>.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="webpage">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <collab>Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat&#237;stica</collab>
          </person-group>
          <source>Censo Demogr&#225;fico 2010</source>
          <publisher-loc>Maring&#225; (PR)</publisher-loc>
          <comment>[Internet]</comment>
          <date-in-citation content-type="access-date">2016 nov 22</date-in-citation>
          <comment>Dispon&#237;vel em <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://cod.ibge.gov.br/6C8">http://cod.ibge.gov.br/6C8</ext-link>
					</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B13">
        <label>13</label>
        <mixed-citation>13 Mansur Ade P, Lopes AI, Favarato D, Avakian SD, C&#233;sar LA, Ramires JA. Epidemiologic transition in mortality rate from circulatory diseases in Brazil. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2009;93(5):506-10. doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0066-782X2009001100011">http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0066-782X2009001100011</ext-link>.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Mansur Ade</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lopes</surname>
              <given-names>AI</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Favarato</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Avakian</surname>
              <given-names>SD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>C&#233;sar</surname>
              <given-names>LA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ramires</surname>
              <given-names>JA</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Epidemiologic transition in mortality rate from circulatory diseases in Brazil</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2009</year>
          <volume>93</volume>
          <issue>5</issue>
          <fpage>506</fpage>
          <lpage>510</lpage>
          <comment>doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0066-782X2009001100011">http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0066-782X2009001100011</ext-link>
					</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B14">
        <label>14</label>
        <mixed-citation>14 Andr&#233; C, Curioni CC, Braga da Cunha C, Veras R. Progressive decline in stroke mortality in Brazil from 1980 to 1982, 1990 to 1992, and 2000 to 2002. Stroke. 2006;37(11):2784-9. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000244768.46566.73.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Andr&#233;</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Curioni</surname>
              <given-names>CC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Braga da Cunha</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Veras</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Progressive decline in stroke mortality in Brazil from 1980 to 1982, 1990 to 1992, and 2000 to 2002</article-title>
          <source>Stroke</source>
          <year>2006</year>
          <volume>37</volume>
          <issue>11</issue>
          <fpage>2784</fpage>
          <lpage>2789</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1161/01.STR.0000244768.46566.73</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B15">
        <label>15</label>
        <mixed-citation>15 Copstein L, Fernandes JG, Bastos GA. Prevalence and risk factors for stroke in a population of Southern Brazil. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2013;71(5):294-300. doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282X20130024">http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282X20130024</ext-link>.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Copstein</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Fernandes</surname>
              <given-names>JG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bastos</surname>
              <given-names>GA</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Prevalence and risk factors for stroke in a population of Southern Brazil</article-title>
          <source>Arq Neuropsiquiatr</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <volume>71</volume>
          <issue>5</issue>
          <fpage>294</fpage>
          <lpage>300</lpage>
          <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282X20130024">http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282X20130024</ext-link>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B16">
        <label>16</label>
        <mixed-citation>16 Paran&#225;. Secretaria de Sa&#250;de do Governo do Paran&#225;. Protocolo cl&#237;nico e diretrizes terap&#234;uticas - Tromb&#243;lise no acidente vascular cerebral isqu&#234;mico agudo. [Internet]. [Citado em 2016 nov 22]. Dispon&#237;vel em: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.saude.pr.gov.br/arquivos/File/HOSPSUS/protocoloAVCMS2012.pdf">http://www.saude.pr.gov.br/arquivos/File/HOSPSUS/protocoloAVCMS2012.pdf</ext-link>
				</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="webpage">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <collab>Paran&#225;</collab>
            <collab>Secretaria de Sa&#250;de do Governo do Paran&#225;</collab>
          </person-group>
          <source>Protocolo cl&#237;nico e diretrizes terap&#234;uticas - Tromb&#243;lise no acidente vascular cerebral isqu&#234;mico agudo</source>
          <comment>[Internet]</comment>
          <date-in-citation content-type="access-date">2016 nov 22</date-in-citation>
          <comment>Dispon&#237;vel em: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.saude.pr.gov.br/arquivos/File/HOSPSUS/protocoloAVCMS2012.pdf">http://www.saude.pr.gov.br/arquivos/File/HOSPSUS/protocoloAVCMS2012.pdf</ext-link>
					</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigos Originais</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Tend&#234;ncia da Mortalidade por Acidente Vascular Cerebral no Munic&#237;pio de Maring&#225;, Paran&#225; entre os Anos de 2005 a 2015</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ara&#250;jo</surname>
            <given-names>J&#233;ssica Pizatto de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Darcis</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o Vin&#237;cius Val&#233;rio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tomas</surname>
            <given-names>Adriana Cunha Vargas</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mello</surname>
            <given-names>Willian Augusto de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro Universit&#225;rio de Maring&#225; (CESUMAR), PR - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Estadual do Paran&#225; (UNESPAR), PR - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Andressa Sard&#225; Maiochi Takagui,</bold> Rua Ol&#237;vio Domingos Brugnago, 195. CEP: 89259-260, Vila Nova, Jaragu&#225; do Sul, SC - Brasil. E-mail: <email>dessa_maiochi@hotmail.com</email>, <email>andressa.s.maiochi@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Ara&#250;jo JP, Darcis JVV, Tomas ACV, Mello WA. Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Ara&#250;jo JP, Darcis JVV, Tomas ACV, Mello WA. An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Ara&#250;jo JP, Darcis JVV, Tomas ACV, Mello WA. An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Ara&#250;jo JP, Darcis JVV, Tomas ACV, Mello WA. Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento: Ara&#250;jo JP, Darcis JVV, Tomas ACV, Mello WA. Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Ara&#250;jo JP, Darcis JVV, Tomas ACV, Mello WA. Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Ara&#250;jo JP, Darcis JVV, Tomas ACV, Mello WA. Supervis&#227;o / como investigador principal: Ara&#250;jo JP, Darcis JVV, Tomas ACV, Mello WA.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamentos:</title>
          <p>O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) &#233; a segunda maior causa de morte no mundo, respons&#225;vel por 6,7 milh&#245;es de &#243;bitos em 2012. No Brasil, entre as principais causas de morte, as doen&#231;as cerebrovasculares ocupam o primeiro lugar.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>Analisar a tend&#234;ncia de &#243;bitos por AVC no munic&#237;pio de Maring&#225;-Paran&#225; entre os anos de 2005 e 2015.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>Estudo de corte transversal de s&#233;ries temporais realizado na Secretaria Municipal de Sa&#250;de de Maring&#225;. Foram utilizados dados secund&#225;rios de declara&#231;&#245;es de &#243;bitos por AVC no munic&#237;pio de Maring&#225; entre os anos de 2005 e 2015, selecionadas de acordo com a Classifica&#231;&#227;o Internacional de Doen&#231;as (CID 10) de c&#243;digo I60 ao I69. Para a verifica&#231;&#227;o de tend&#234;ncia, utilizou-se o modelo de regress&#227;o polinomial. Os coeficientes de mortalidade (CM) por causa foram calculados empregando-se o total dos &#243;bitos dividido pela popula&#231;&#227;o exposta ao risco, multiplicados por cem mil. Foram analisadas as tend&#234;ncias empregando-se o modelo de Regress&#227;o Polinomial, considerou-se significativo quando p &lt; 0,05. Os dados populacionais foram obtidos no banco de dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat&#237;stica.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>O acidente vascular cerebral foi respons&#225;vel por 1.843 mortes no per&#237;odo estudado, sendo que o CID 10 - I64, I69.4 e I61.9 foram os mais encontrados. Os anos com maior n&#250;mero de &#243;bitos pela doen&#231;a foram 2007 e 2008. 52% dos &#243;bitos aconteceram no sexo masculino e 74% em indiv&#237;duos com mais de 65 anos.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#245;es:</title>
          <p>A tend&#234;ncia de mortalidade geral apresentou-se constante, mas houve tend&#234;ncia crescente de mortes no sexo masculino, estado civil casado e ra&#231;a branca.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Acidente Vascular Cerebral / mortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Epidemiologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Fatores de Risco</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) &#233; a segunda maior causa de morte no mundo, respons&#225;vel por 6,7 milh&#245;es de &#243;bitos em 2012.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> No Brasil, entre as principais causas de morte, as doen&#231;as cerebrovasculares est&#227;o em primeiro lugar, seguidas do infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio. Em 2014 o grupo com 80 anos ou mais representou aproximadamente 37% dos &#243;bitos e a incid&#234;ncia foi semelhante em ambos os g&#234;neros, 50,1% dos casos em homens.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial de Sa&#250;de (OMS) estima que at&#233; 2030, o AVC continue sendo a segunda maior causa de mortes no mundo, sendo respons&#225;vel por 12,2% dos &#243;bitos previstos para o ano.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>
				</p>
        <p>No Estado do Paran&#225;, em 2012, houve mais de 6 mil &#243;bitos pela doen&#231;a, sendo que a maioria foi de pessoas acima dos 50 anos. Dados indicam que apenas no primeiro semestre de 2013, o Estado j&#225; havia registrado 6,3 mil pessoas em interna&#231;&#227;o por AVC.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
				</p>
        <p>O Acidente Vascular Cerebral apresenta altos n&#237;veis de morbimortalidade e, nos casos em que os indiv&#237;duos acometidos pela doen&#231;a n&#227;o vierem a &#243;bito, poder&#227;o ser gerados quadros de incapacidades funcionais que se apresentar&#227;o como provis&#243;rios ou permanentes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> O AVC pode se manifestar de duas formas: isqu&#234;mica (obstru&#231;&#227;o do vaso, dificultando o suprimento de oxig&#234;nio e substratos ao tecido cerebral - resultado de processos ateroscler&#243;ticos ou emb&#243;licos) e hemorr&#225;gica (extravasamento de sangue dentro ou em volta das estruturas do sistema nervoso central - intraparenquimatoso e subaracn&#243;ideo, respectivamente).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> Os principais fatores de risco para a doen&#231;a s&#227;o divididos em n&#227;o modific&#225;veis e modific&#225;veis. Os fatores n&#227;o modific&#225;veis s&#227;o: idade avan&#231;ada, o sexo masculino e a ra&#231;a negra. J&#225; os modific&#225;veis s&#227;o, principalmente, a hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica, diabetes mellitus e o tabagismo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Embora estejam dispon&#237;veis v&#225;rias literaturas relacionadas a esta doen&#231;a, at&#233; onde se sabe n&#227;o h&#225; pesquisas atualizadas relacionadas &#224; tend&#234;ncia de mortalidade por AVC no munic&#237;pio de Maring&#225;, portanto este estudo exp&#245;e dados que permitem a reflex&#227;o sobre medidas a serem elaboradas no reconhecimento precoce de acidente cerebrovascular, e ent&#227;o melhorar os indicadores de mortalidade do munic&#237;pio.</p>
        <p>Portanto o objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a tend&#234;ncia de &#243;bitos por Acidente Vascular Encef&#225;lico (AVE) em Maring&#225;, Paran&#225;, Brasil.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#233;todos</title>
        <p>Estudo de corte transversal de s&#233;ries temporais dos &#243;bitos por Acidente Vascular Encef&#225;lico (AVE), registrados na declara&#231;&#227;o de &#243;bito de homens e mulheres de todas as faixas et&#225;rias e etnias, residentes em um munic&#237;pio de m&#233;dio porte do Sul do Brasil, com uma popula&#231;&#227;o de 397.437 habitantes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> O estudo foi realizado na Secretaria Municipal de Sa&#250;de de Maring&#225; por meio da Vigil&#226;ncia Epidemiol&#243;gica, no per&#237;odo de 2005 a 2015.</p>
        <p>As informa&#231;&#245;es obtidas foram coletadas a partir de um instrumento estruturado apresentando as seguintes vari&#225;veis: ano do &#243;bito, faixa et&#225;ria, sexo, etnia, estado civil, e Classifica&#231;&#227;o Internacional de Doen&#231;as (CID 10) relacionadas ao AVE (I60 ao I69).</p>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise Estat&#237;stica</title>
          <p>Os dados foram compilados no programa Microsoft Office Excel&#174; e, posteriormente, analisados com aux&#237;lio de estat&#237;stica descritiva simples atrav&#233;s do c&#225;lculo de medidas resumo, gr&#225;fico de linhas, an&#225;lises de tend&#234;ncia polinomial e diagrama de dispers&#227;o.</p>
          <p>As an&#225;lises inferenciais empregadas com o intuito de confirmar ou refutar evid&#234;ncias encontradas na an&#225;lise descritiva foi o Teste de Qui-quadrado de Pearson ou extens&#227;o do teste Exato de Fisher. Para a conclus&#227;o obtida atrav&#233;s da an&#225;lise inferencial foi utilizado o n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia a igual a 5%.</p>
          <p>Para a verifica&#231;&#227;o de tend&#234;ncia, utilizou-se o modelo de regress&#227;o polinomial, no qual os coeficientes de mortalidade foram considerados como vari&#225;veis dependentes (y) e os anos de estudo como vari&#225;veis independentes (x). A vari&#225;vel &#8216;ano&#8217; foi transformada na vari&#225;vel ano-centralizada (x-2009) e as s&#233;ries foram suavizadas por meio de m&#233;dia m&#243;vel de tr&#234;s pontos. Foram testados os modelos de regress&#227;o polinomial linear (y = &#946;0+&#946;1x1), quadr&#225;tico (y = &#946;0+&#946;1x1+&#946;2x2), e c&#250;bico (y = &#946;0+&#946;1x1+&#946;2x2+&#946;3x3). Considerou-se tend&#234;ncia significativa, aquela cujo modelo estimado obteve p valor &lt;0,05. Para a escolha do melhor modelo foi considerada ainda a an&#225;lise do diagrama de dispers&#227;o, do valor do coeficiente de determina&#231;&#227;o (r<sup>2</sup>) e an&#225;lise dos res&#237;duos (suposi&#231;&#227;o de homocedasticidade verdadeira). Quando todos os crit&#233;rios eram significativos para mais de um modelo e o coeficiente de determina&#231;&#227;o era semelhante, optou-se pelo modelo mais simples. As an&#225;lises foram realizadas por meio do Microsoft Excel (vers&#227;o 2013), Epi Info 2005 e SPSS, vers&#227;o 20.1.</p>
          <p>Os coeficientes de mortalidade (CM) por causa principal do &#243;bito foram calculados empregando-se no numerador o total de pessoas que foram a &#243;bito por AVE, e no denominador a popula&#231;&#227;o exposta ao risco, multiplicados por cem mil. Posteriormente foram realizados os c&#225;lculos do coeficiente de mortalidade por CID para cada faixa et&#225;ria, utilizando-se no numerador o total de &#243;bitos em dado grupo et&#225;rio, e no denominador a popula&#231;&#227;o do mesmo grupo et&#225;rio, multiplicados por cem mil. Os dados populacionais foram obtidos no banco de dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat&#237;stica.</p>
          <p>Os aspectos &#233;ticos que envolvem a presente pesquisa foram embasados nas diretrizes e normas regulamentadoras de pesquisas envolvendo seres humanos do Conselho Nacional de Sa&#250;de (Resolu&#231;&#227;o CNS 466/2012). A pesquisa n&#227;o exige o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido (TCLE) por se tratar de dados secund&#225;rios, no entanto foi assinado o Termo de Risco e Confidencialidade em anexo. O projeto foi submetido &#224; aprecia&#231;&#227;o do Comit&#234; de &#201;tica O projeto foi submetido &#224; aprecia&#231;&#227;o do Comit&#234; de &#201;tica do Centro Universit&#225;rio de Maring&#225; - Unicesumar, com parecer positivo n. 1.745.904.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <p>No per&#237;odo estudado, foram registrados 20.387 &#243;bitos no total. O acidente vascular encef&#225;lico foi respons&#225;vel por 1.843 das mortes, sendo que o CID 10 - I64 (Acidente Vascular Cerebral n&#227;o especificado como hemorr&#225;gico ou isqu&#234;mico), I69.4 (Sequelas de acidente vascular cerebral n&#227;o especificado como hemorr&#225;gico ou isqu&#234;mico) e o I61.9 (Hemorragia intracerebral n&#227;o especificada) foram os mais encontrados, correspondendo a 536, 535 e 268 casos respectivamente.</p>
        <p>Em seguida buscou-se identificar o comportamento dos coeficientes de mortalidade (CM), segundo vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas e sociodemogr&#225;ficas, comparando ao coeficiente geral de mortalidade por AVC e os espec&#237;ficos para os CID10 mais encontrados (I61.9, I64 e I69.4). A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 1</xref> apresenta um maior coeficiente de mortalidade geral por AVC entre os anos de 2007 e 2008. Os coeficientes de mortalidade do sexo masculino, ra&#231;a branca e estado civil casado foram os que mais se destacaram na maior parte do per&#237;odo estudado.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t3">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Coeficientes de mortalidade segundo vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas e sociodemogr&#225;ficas. Maring&#225;-PR, 2005 a 2015</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="8%"/>
              <col width="8%"/>
              <col width="8%"/>
              <col width="8%"/>
              <col width="8%"/>
              <col width="8%"/>
              <col width="8%"/>
              <col width="8%"/>
              <col width="8%"/>
              <col width="8%"/>
              <col width="8%"/>
              <col width="8%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Ano</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">2005</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">2006</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">2007</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">2008</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">2009</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">2010</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">2011</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">2012</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">2013</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">2014</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">2015</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">C.M geral</td>
                <td align="center">48,6</td>
                <td align="center">47,16</td>
                <td align="center">54</td>
                <td align="center">53,71</td>
                <td align="center">43,2</td>
                <td align="center">46,49</td>
                <td align="center">49,4</td>
                <td align="center">45,18</td>
                <td align="center">47,4</td>
                <td align="center">43,4</td>
                <td align="center">43,3</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Tipo AVC</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">I61.9</td>
                <td align="center">6,58</td>
                <td align="center">8,01</td>
                <td align="center">7,06</td>
                <td align="center">9,05</td>
                <td align="center">8,64</td>
                <td align="center">6,44</td>
                <td align="center">4,69</td>
                <td align="center">7,08</td>
                <td align="center">7</td>
                <td align="center">5,87</td>
                <td align="center">5,79</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">I64</td>
                <td align="center">12,5</td>
                <td align="center">15,1</td>
                <td align="center">16,6</td>
                <td align="center">16,6</td>
                <td align="center">11,3</td>
                <td align="center">14</td>
                <td align="center">13,5</td>
                <td align="center">12,25</td>
                <td align="center">13</td>
                <td align="center">11,49</td>
                <td align="center">15,4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">I69.4</td>
                <td align="center">15,4</td>
                <td align="center">10,48</td>
                <td align="center">16</td>
                <td align="center">12,67</td>
                <td align="center">11</td>
                <td align="center">12,6</td>
                <td align="center">18,8</td>
                <td align="center">15,79</td>
                <td align="center">14,5</td>
                <td align="center">12</td>
                <td align="center">11,8</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Sexo</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Masculino</td>
                <td align="center">28,8</td>
                <td align="center">24,7</td>
                <td align="center">25,5</td>
                <td align="center">30,2</td>
                <td align="center">25,6</td>
                <td align="center">24,4</td>
                <td align="center">22,9</td>
                <td align="center">24,8</td>
                <td align="center">23,8</td>
                <td align="center">20,4</td>
                <td align="center">22,6</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Feminino</td>
                <td align="center">19,8</td>
                <td align="center">22,5</td>
                <td align="center">28,5</td>
                <td align="center">23,5</td>
                <td align="center">17,6</td>
                <td align="center">22,1</td>
                <td align="center">26,5</td>
                <td align="center">20,4</td>
                <td align="center">23,6</td>
                <td align="center">23,0</td>
                <td align="center">20,6</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Faixa et&#225;ria</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">0 - 29 anos</td>
                <td align="center">0,3</td>
                <td align="center">0,6</td>
                <td align="center">0,0</td>
                <td align="center">0,6</td>
                <td align="center">0,0</td>
                <td align="center">0,0</td>
                <td align="center">0,0</td>
                <td align="center">0,3</td>
                <td align="center">0,3</td>
                <td align="center">0,0</td>
                <td align="center">0,8</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">30 - 49 anos</td>
                <td align="center">4,7</td>
                <td align="center">4,3</td>
                <td align="center">4,0</td>
                <td align="center">3,3</td>
                <td align="center">1,2</td>
                <td align="center">3,1</td>
                <td align="center">4,4</td>
                <td align="center">2,4</td>
                <td align="center">3,4</td>
                <td align="center">3,3</td>
                <td align="center">1,0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">50 - 65 anos</td>
                <td align="center">7,5</td>
                <td align="center">8,3</td>
                <td align="center">10,4</td>
                <td align="center">12,4</td>
                <td align="center">10,4</td>
                <td align="center">8,4</td>
                <td align="center">7,5</td>
                <td align="center">11,4</td>
                <td align="center">8,3</td>
                <td align="center">6,4</td>
                <td align="center">7,3</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&gt; 65 anos</td>
                <td align="center">36,1</td>
                <td align="center">33,9</td>
                <td align="center">39,6</td>
                <td align="center">37,4</td>
                <td align="center">31,6</td>
                <td align="center">35,0</td>
                <td align="center">37,5</td>
                <td align="center">31,0</td>
                <td align="center">35,5</td>
                <td align="center">33,7</td>
                <td align="center">34,2</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Ra&#231;a/cor</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Branco</td>
                <td align="center">40,4</td>
                <td align="center">38,8</td>
                <td align="center">47,2</td>
                <td align="center">41,9</td>
                <td align="center">34,9</td>
                <td align="center">37,0</td>
                <td align="center">39,5</td>
                <td align="center">35,1</td>
                <td align="center">37,6</td>
                <td align="center">32,9</td>
                <td align="center">32,0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Negro</td>
                <td align="center">4,7</td>
                <td align="center">3,4</td>
                <td align="center">4,0</td>
                <td align="center">6,3</td>
                <td align="center">4,8</td>
                <td align="center">6,2</td>
                <td align="center">4,1</td>
                <td align="center">3,8</td>
                <td align="center">4,9</td>
                <td align="center">6,1</td>
                <td align="center">6,0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Outro</td>
                <td align="center">3,4</td>
                <td align="center">4,9</td>
                <td align="center">2,8</td>
                <td align="center">5,4</td>
                <td align="center">3,6</td>
                <td align="center">3,4</td>
                <td align="center">5,8</td>
                <td align="center">6,3</td>
                <td align="center">4,9</td>
                <td align="center">4,3</td>
                <td align="center">5,3</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Estado civil</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Solteiro</td>
                <td align="center">6,6</td>
                <td align="center">2,5</td>
                <td align="center">4,0</td>
                <td align="center">6,6</td>
                <td align="center">2,7</td>
                <td align="center">3,1</td>
                <td align="center">5,8</td>
                <td align="center">4,9</td>
                <td align="center">5,7</td>
                <td align="center">3,3</td>
                <td align="center">4,3</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Casado</td>
                <td align="center">21,9</td>
                <td align="center">21,9</td>
                <td align="center">25,2</td>
                <td align="center">23,2</td>
                <td align="center">23,5</td>
                <td align="center">22,7</td>
                <td align="center">21,8</td>
                <td align="center">21,8</td>
                <td align="center">18,4</td>
                <td align="center">19,7</td>
                <td align="center">19,4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Vi&#250;vo</td>
                <td align="center">16,3</td>
                <td align="center">19,4</td>
                <td align="center">22,1</td>
                <td align="center">19,3</td>
                <td align="center">14,0</td>
                <td align="center">18,2</td>
                <td align="center">17,9</td>
                <td align="center">13,9</td>
                <td align="center">18,4</td>
                <td align="center">16,1</td>
                <td align="center">16,1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Outro</td>
                <td align="center">3,8</td>
                <td align="center">3,4</td>
                <td align="center">2,8</td>
                <td align="center">4,5</td>
                <td align="center">3,0</td>
                <td align="center">2,5</td>
                <td align="center">3,9</td>
                <td align="center">4,6</td>
                <td align="center">4,9</td>
                <td align="center">4,3</td>
                <td align="center">3,5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Escolaridade</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&lt; 8 anos</td>
                <td align="center">9,7</td>
                <td align="center">10,8</td>
                <td align="center">12,3</td>
                <td align="center">16,9</td>
                <td align="center">7,2</td>
                <td align="center">7,0</td>
                <td align="center">13,0</td>
                <td align="center">11,4</td>
                <td align="center">12,4</td>
                <td align="center">10,5</td>
                <td align="center">9,1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&#8805; 8 anos</td>
                <td align="center">37,0</td>
                <td align="center">34,5</td>
                <td align="center">35,6</td>
                <td align="center">33,8</td>
                <td align="center">34,3</td>
                <td align="center">37,8</td>
                <td align="center">36,2</td>
                <td align="center">32,9</td>
                <td align="center">34,0</td>
                <td align="center">32,9</td>
                <td align="center">34,2</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Os C.M espec&#237;ficos para o CID10 apresentaram-se com poucas varia&#231;&#245;es no intervalo de tempo estudado. O coeficiente do CID 10 - I69.4 apresentou-se maior em 2011. O menor coeficiente em todo o per&#237;odo foi do I61.9. A tend&#234;ncia dos coeficientes de mortalidade total alcan&#231;ou pico nos anos de 2007 e 2008, pequenas varia&#231;&#245;es aconteceram ap&#243;s esse per&#237;odo at&#233; 2015. (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1</xref>)</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f2">
            <label>Figura 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Distribui&#231;&#227;o e modelos de tend&#234;ncia dos coeficientes de mortalidade por AVC no total e segundo o CID10. Maring&#225;, Paran&#225;, Brasil, 2005 a 2015</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="2359-5647-ijcs-31-01-0056-70097-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Tabela 2</xref> mostra, a partir dos C.M demonstrados anteriormente, que a tend&#234;ncia de mortalidade no sexo masculino foi crescente, com CM m&#233;dio de 25,07, e aumento de 0,73 ao ano (r<sup>2</sup>= 0,5347). Tamb&#233;m houve tend&#234;ncia crescente dos coeficientes na ra&#231;a branca, com coeficiente m&#233;dio de 37,94 e aumento de 0,94 ao ano (r<sup>2</sup>= 0,51). Os dados tamb&#233;m permitem observar que houve tend&#234;ncia crescente em pessoas casadas, com coeficiente m&#233;dio de 21,76, e aumento de 0,42 ao ano (r<sup>2</sup>0,50). A tend&#234;ncia total da mortalidade por AVC apresentou-se constante.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t4">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>An&#225;lise de tend&#234;ncia dos coeficientes de mortalidade segundo vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas e sociodemogr&#225;ficas. Maring&#225;-Paran&#225;, 2005 a 2015</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Vari&#225;veis</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Modelo</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">R<sup>2</sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref>
								</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">p</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Tend&#234;ncia</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Sexo</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Masculino</td>
                <td align="center">y = 25,07+0,73x-0,019x<sup>2</sup>-0,007x<sup>3</sup></td>
                <td align="center">0,5347</td>
                <td align="center">0,0106</td>
                <td align="center">Crescente</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Feminino</td>
                <td align="center">y = 23,2+0,32x-0,064x<sup>2</sup>-0,015x<sup>3</sup></td>
                <td align="center">0,0033</td>
                <td align="center">0,8667</td>
                <td align="center">Constante</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">TOTAL</td>
                <td align="center">y = 48,27+1,05x-0,083x<sup>2</sup>-0,022x<sup>3</sup></td>
                <td align="center">0,3267</td>
                <td align="center">0,0662</td>
                <td align="center">Constante</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Tipos AVC</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">I61.9</td>
                <td align="center">y = 7,23+0,50x-0,030x<sup>2</sup>-0,017x<sup>3</sup></td>
                <td align="center">0,2343</td>
                <td align="center">0,1314</td>
                <td align="center">Constante</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">I64</td>
                <td align="center">y = 13,65+1,04x+0,01x<sup>2</sup>-0,04x<sup>3</sup></td>
                <td align="center">0,0797</td>
                <td align="center">0,4003</td>
                <td align="center">Constante</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">I69.4</td>
                <td align="center">y = 14,34-0,89x-0,06x<sup>2</sup>+0,051x<sup>3</sup></td>
                <td align="center">0,0005</td>
                <td align="center">0,9482</td>
                <td align="center">Constante</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Faixa Et&#225;ria</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">0 - 29 anos</td>
                <td align="center">y = 0,09+0,06x+0,016x<sup>2</sup>-0,003x<sup>3</sup></td>
                <td align="center">0,0002</td>
                <td align="center">0,9648</td>
                <td align="center">Constante</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">30 - 49 anos</td>
                <td align="center">y = 3,10-0,19x+0,009x<sup>2</sup>+0,022x<sup>3</sup></td>
                <td align="center">0,3145</td>
                <td align="center">0,0727</td>
                <td align="center">Constante</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">50 - 65 anos</td>
                <td align="center">y = 10,05+0,58x-0,11x<sup>2</sup>-0,022x<sup>3</sup></td>
                <td align="center">0,1000</td>
                <td align="center">0,3434</td>
                <td align="center">Constante</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&gt; 65 anos</td>
                <td align="center">y = 35,02+0,60x+0,002x<sup>2</sup>-0,019x<sup>3</sup></td>
                <td align="center">0,1171</td>
                <td align="center">0,3029</td>
                <td align="center">Constante</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Ra&#231;a/cor</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Branco</td>
                <td align="center">y = 37,94+0,94x</td>
                <td align="center">0,5149</td>
                <td align="center">0,0129</td>
                <td align="center">Crescente</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o branco</td>
                <td align="center">y = 4,86+0,10x+0,007x<sup>2</sup>-0,013x<sup>3</sup></td>
                <td align="center">0,1742</td>
                <td align="center">0,2016</td>
                <td align="center">Constante</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Estado civil</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Solteiros</td>
                <td align="center">y = 4,35-0,369x+0,013x<sup>2</sup>+0,022x<sup>3</sup></td>
                <td align="center">0,0043</td>
                <td align="center">0,8473</td>
                <td align="center">Constante</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Casados</td>
                <td align="center">y = 21,76+0,4245x</td>
                <td align="center">0,5061</td>
                <td align="center">0,0141</td>
                <td align="center">Crescente</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Escolaridade</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&lt; 8 anos</td>
                <td align="center">y = 11,35+0,16x-0,04x<sup>2</sup>-0,004x<sup>3</sup></td>
                <td align="center">0,0097</td>
                <td align="center">0,7730</td>
                <td align="center">Constante</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&#8805; 8 anos</td>
                <td align="center">y = 34,93+0,07x-0,01x<sup>2</sup>+0,008x<sup>3</sup></td>
                <td align="center">0,2211</td>
                <td align="center">0,1444</td>
                <td align="center">Constante</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN2">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>R<sup>2</sup>: Coeficiente de Determina&#231;&#227;o</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>O presente estudo mostra os dados de tend&#234;ncia de mortalidade por acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) especificando a causa de morte de acordo com a Classifica&#231;&#227;o Internacional de Doen&#231;as (CID10). Os &#243;bitos atribu&#237;dos aos acidentes vasculares cerebrais n&#227;o especificados como hemorr&#225;gico ou isqu&#234;mico (CID 10 - I64), foram os que mais acometeram a popula&#231;&#227;o de Maring&#225; no per&#237;odo de 2005 a 2015. A tend&#234;ncia dos coeficientes de mortalidade (CM) por AVE foi crescente no sexo masculino, ra&#231;a branca e estado civil casado. Para os acidentes vasculares que mais foram acometidos: I61.9, I64 e I69.4 o coeficiente m&#233;dio foi constante.</p>
        <p>Um estudo publicado em 2012 tamb&#233;m observou a predomin&#226;ncia de &#243;bitos por AVC no sexo masculino, representando 50,61% do total.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> Esses dados v&#227;o de encontro com a presente pesquisa, pois foi encontrado que aproximadamente 52% de todos os &#243;bitos ocorreram no sexo masculino. Apenas nos anos de 2007, 2011 e 2014 a incid&#234;ncia de mortes em mulheres superou a de homens.</p>
        <p>A mortalidade por AVC no Brasil &#233; uma das maiores dentre os pa&#237;ses da Am&#233;rica Latina e, embora essa taxa de mortalidade apresente um decr&#233;scimo nos &#250;ltimos anos, a diminui&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o &#233; igual em todas as regi&#245;es do pa&#237;s, pois o Nordeste ainda apresenta taxas mais elevadas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> O decl&#237;nio na mortalidade difere de acordo com a etnia, o g&#234;nero e o estado socioecon&#244;mico. Apesar de pesquisas apresentarem a incid&#234;ncia maior em popula&#231;&#227;o negra,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> o presente trabalho apresentou crescente a mortalidade em indiv&#237;duos brancos, sendo que esses representaram aproximadamente 80% dos &#243;bitos. Leva-se em considera&#231;&#227;o que, segundo o Censo de 2010 do IBGE, a cidade de Maring&#225; apresentou 70,8% da popula&#231;&#227;o que se autodeclarava branca e 3,39% que se autodeclarava negra. Portanto, se for comparado o n&#250;mero de mortes por AVC na popula&#231;&#227;o negra e na popula&#231;&#227;o branca que estavam expostos ao risco, &#233; poss&#237;vel observar que em 2010, 0,05% da popula&#231;&#227;o branca e 0,18% da popula&#231;&#227;o negra morreram por AVC.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Uma redu&#231;&#227;o significativa da mortalidade por doen&#231;as circulat&#243;rias (doen&#231;as cerebrovasculares e doen&#231;as isqu&#234;micas do cora&#231;&#227;o) acontece hoje no Brasil.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> Um estudo demonstrou que entre 1980 a 2002 houve uma redu&#231;&#227;o da mortalidade por doen&#231;a cerebrovascular maior do que 50% na maioria das regi&#245;es do Brasil, exceto pela regi&#227;o do Nordeste em que a redu&#231;&#227;o foi de 41%. Compara-se essa redu&#231;&#227;o da mortalidade com o que tamb&#233;m foi observado nos EUA e Canad&#225;, devido a melhorias das pol&#237;ticas de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Um estudo realizado em Porto Alegre, Brasil, evidenciou os principais fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de AVC. Entre eles destacam-se idade, estado civil e fator socioecon&#244;mico. Identificaram maior incid&#234;ncia da doen&#231;a entre 40 a 79 anos, em indiv&#237;duos vi&#250;vos e de baixo fator socioecon&#244;mico. Relataram tamb&#233;m que o maior n&#250;mero de anos de estudo &#233; um fator protetor contra o AVC.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> No entanto, o presente trabalho demonstrou dados um pouco diferentes, pois observou-se um maior n&#250;mero de mortes em pessoas idosas com mais de 65 anos (74% do total), em indiv&#237;duos casados e vi&#250;vos e o maior n&#250;mero de &#243;bitos ocorreu nos indiv&#237;duos com 8 anos ou mais de estudo. Uma poss&#237;vel explica&#231;&#227;o para a diverg&#234;ncia em rela&#231;&#227;o a escolaridade pode ser pelo fato de que, segundo o Censo de 2010, aproximadamente 68,37% da popula&#231;&#227;o maringaense apresentavam 8 anos ou mais de estudo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Pesquisas que buscam associar os fatores de risco para o acidente vascular cerebral e estrat&#233;gias que possam melhorar a preven&#231;&#227;o, o diagn&#243;stico e a assist&#234;ncia terap&#234;utica s&#227;o fundamentais para a diminui&#231;&#227;o dos indicadores.</p>
        <p>Uma das poss&#237;veis limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo foi a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de dados secund&#225;rios, os quais podem apresentar subnotifica&#231;&#245;es de &#243;bitos por acidente vascular encef&#225;lico.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
        <p>No per&#237;odo estudado, a tend&#234;ncia da mortalidade por AVC foi constante. Foram registrados 20.387 &#243;bitos no total. O acidente vascular encef&#225;lico foi respons&#225;vel por 1.843 das mortes, sendo que o CID 10 - I64, I69.4 e I61.9 foram os mais encontrados. Houve tend&#234;ncia crescente de mortes no sexo masculino, estado civil casado e ra&#231;a branca. Os anos que mais foram acometidos por &#243;bitos nesta patologia foram 2007 e 2008.</p>
        <p>A ocorr&#234;ncia dos &#243;bitos pela doen&#231;a descritos neste trabalho, que n&#227;o se mostraram em queda, pode ser reflexo da inefici&#234;ncia dos programas de assist&#234;ncia e controle, que n&#227;o conseguem constituir de forma ostensiva um programa de preven&#231;&#227;o. &#201; importante destacar que a efic&#225;cia da preven&#231;&#227;o pode estar relacionada &#224; redu&#231;&#227;o de mortes e custos de sa&#250;de, trazendo benef&#237;cio tanto para a popula&#231;&#227;o, quanto para economia.</p>
        <p>A preven&#231;&#227;o, o diagn&#243;stico precoce, o r&#225;pido tratamento e a forma com que os profissionais e a fam&#237;lia acompanham os pacientes portadores de AVC s&#227;o pontos fundamentais para que sejam diminu&#237;dos os n&#250;meros relacionados &#224; mortalidade pela doen&#231;a. Nesse contexto, ressalta-se a import&#226;ncia da tem&#225;tica abordada no estudo para capacita&#231;&#227;o tanto dos profissionais envolvidos na assist&#234;ncia, quanto para os gestores de sa&#250;de. Esses precisam ser capazes de identificar fatores que coloquem em risco a sa&#250;de da popula&#231;&#227;o, e assim realizar a assist&#234;ncia adequada e encaminhamentos necess&#225;rios, a fim de reduzir indicadores de morbimortalidade.</p>
        <p>Espera-se que este trabalho contribua para defini&#231;&#227;o, implementa&#231;&#227;o e execu&#231;&#227;o de programas de conscientiza&#231;&#227;o sobre o reconhecimento precoce, rastreamento e assist&#234;ncia do AVC na cidade de Maring&#225;.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este artigo &#233; parte de disserta&#231;&#227;o de gradua&#231;&#227;o de J&#233;ssica Pizatto de Ara&#250;jo pela Centro Universit&#225;rio de Maring&#225; - Unicesumar.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#201;tica e consentimento informado</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica Centro Universit&#225;rio de Maring&#225; - Unicesumar sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo 1.745.904. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes inclu&#237;dos no estudo.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
