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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.7" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ijcs</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Int. J. Cardiovasc. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2359-4802</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2359-5647</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">S7BykZRwRHQGkGt9fWXv5vn</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S2359-56472018000100047</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/2359-4802.20170094</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Assessment of the Relationship of Ankle-Brachial Index With Coronary Artery Disease Severity</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Petracco</surname>
            <given-names>Andrea Mabilde</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bodanese</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Carlos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Porci&#250;ncula</surname>
            <given-names>Gustavo Farias</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Teixeira</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriel Santos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pellegrini</surname>
            <given-names>Denise de Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Danzmann</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Claudio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pianta</surname>
            <given-names>Ricardo Medeiros</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Petracco</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o Batista</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica do Rio Grande do Sul</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital S&#227;o Lucas</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <city>Porto Alegre</city>
            <state>RS</state>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital S&#227;o Lucas, da Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil</institution>
          <institution content-type="normalized">Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica do Rio Grande do Sul</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Andrea Mabilde Petracco,</bold> Av. Ipiranga, 7464, sala 524. Postal Code: 91530-000, Jardim Bot&#226;nico, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil. E-mail: <email>apetracco@terra.com.br</email>; <email>apetracco@cardiol.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Petracco AM, Bodanese LC, Danzmann LC. Acquisition of data: Petracco AM, Porciuncula GF, Teixeira GS, Piant&#225; RM, Pellegrini DO. Analysis and interpretation of the data: Petracco AM, Bodanese LC. Writing of the manuscript: Petracco AM. Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Petracco AM. Supervision / as the major investigador: Bodanese LC, Danzmann LC, Petracco JB, Piant&#225; RM.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <season>Jan-Feb</season>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>31</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>47</fpage>
      <lpage>55</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>28</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>12</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>21</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is associated with cardiovascular events and can be diagnosed and estimated by use of the Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI). ABI is a worsening factor in the stratification of cardiovascular risk, but its contribution to define the severity of coronary artery disease has not been well established.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectives:</title>
          <p>To compare the ABI value with the coronary atherosclerotic disease severity by use of the Syntax Score (SS) in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>This prospective study measured the ABI of all patients with ACS consecutively admitted to the S&#227;o Lucas Hospital of PUCRS from May to September 2016, and compared the ABI values with the SS and ACS types of those patients. The analyzes were performed considering the 95%confidence interval (a = 5%).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>This study assessed 101 patients [mean age, 62.6 &#177; 12.0 years; 58 men (57.4%)], 74 (82.2%) were hypertensive, 33 (45.8%) had diabetes and 46 (45,5%) had ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI). The PAD severity was not related to the anatomical severity of the coronary artery disease (CAD). We found a significant association of intermediate SS with non-ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and of low SS with unstable angina (UA) [OR (95% CI): 1.11 (1.03-1.20) (p = 0.004)], which remained after multivariate analysis adjusted to age, smoking, family history of CAD and previous CAD [(OR 95%): 1.13 (1.02-1.25) (p = 0.019)].</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusions:</title>
          <p>Patients with ABI &lt; 0.9 showed no association with higher disease complexity determined by the SS in patients with ACS. Patients with NSTEMI were more associated with an intermediate risk on the SS.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Ankle Brachial Index</kwd>
        <kwd>Acute Coronary Syndrome, Coronary Artery Disease</kwd>
        <kwd>Severity of Illness Index</kwd>
        <kwd>Atherosclerosis, Peripheral Arterial Disease</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of death and disability in Brazil and worldwide. Stroke and acute myocardial infarction are the major causes of death secondary to cardiovascular diseases. The identification of risk factors for the development of atherosclerotic disease in the population has received increasing attention,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> and the prediction of those factors can contribute to preventive measures and therapeutic strategies.</p>
      <p>Different presentations of atherosclerotic disease can coexist in one single individual.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is one of those presentations, usually without clinical symptoms, its diagnosis being established by calculating the ankle-brachial index (ABI).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> This non-invasive, easily performed test is considered a worsening factor for cardiovascular risk.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the presentation form of coronary artery disease (CAD), representing the major cause of death in Brazil. The severity of the coronary artery involvement can be obtained by use of the Syntax Score (SS).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Some studies have assessed the association of CAD with PAD, and the Syntax Score II (SS II) has incorporated the presence of peripheral vascular disease, among other variables, into the SS, enabling better stratification. Some studies have attempted to correlate the severity of PAD, assessed by use of the ABI, with the complexity of CAD.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> They have found a negative association between ABI and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis, and some of those studies, similarly to ours, have assessed ACS as the presentation form of CAD.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Our study used the ABI and the SS to quantify different forms of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease impairment in patients with ACS, and assessed whether the ABI is related to higher or lower disease severity defined by the SS.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Methods</title>
      <p>This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study. Data were collected prospectively and consecutively in the Coronary Care Unit (CCU) of the Hospital S&#227;o Lucas of PUCRS (HSL-PUCRS) from all patients admitted due to ACS from May to September 2016. Data were retrieved from the patients&#8217; medical records and the measurements taken from each patient. All patients were invited to participate, and provided either verbal or informed consent.</p>
      <p>During the study period, all patients who sought the HSL-PUCRS with chest pain accompanied by changes in their cardiac biomarkers and/or their electrocardiographic findings compatible with the diagnosis of ACS, with no other cause for chest pain were invited to participate in this study. Patients who could not undergo ABI measurement, such as those with lower limb lesion, and those who did not undergo coronary angiography were excluded.</p>
      <p>This study research project was submitted to the Ethics Committee in Research of the HSL-PUCRS, being approved (1.316.041).</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Data Collection Methodology</title>
        <p><bold>ACS:</bold> All patients who sought the HSL of the PUCRS due to anginal chest pain and who had enzymatic and/or electrocardiographic changes compatible with the diagnosis of ACS were admitted to the CCU and invited to participate in this study. The ACS classification was based on the 2014-updated version of the 2007 Brazilian Society of Cardiology Guideline on Unstable Angina (UA) and Acute non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI), and on the 2015 Brazilian Society of Cardiology V Guideline for the Management of Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI).</p>
        <p><bold>ABI:</bold> The patient must be placed supine, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) should be measured in the upper arm and at the ankle. The SBP in the upper arm was measured manually with DINAMAP non-invasive technology. The SBP at the ankle was measured by use of the auscultatory technique with the Dopplex SD2 Huntleigh device, an 8-MHz probe at the level of the posterior tibial artery and an aneroid sphygmomanometer with cuff. We chose to take the measure at the left side, because most patients had undergone hemodynamic study via the right lower limb, which had to be at absolute rest. The ABI was calculated by dividing the SBP reading in the lower limb by the SBP reading in the upper limb of each patient. The diagnosis of PAD was established based on the ABI, considering the cutoff points &#8804; 0.9 as presence of disease, and those &gt; 0.9 to 1.4 as absence of disease. Neither an ABI &gt; 1.40 nor a non-compressible ABI were computed.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
				</p>
        <p><bold>Claudication:</bold> The diagnosis of claudication was based on the Edinburgh Questionnaire, which was validated for the Brazilian population in the study by the Peripheral Artery Disease Committee of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology &#8220;<italic>Projeto Cora&#231;&#245;es do Brasil</italic>&#8221;.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>
				</p>
        <p><bold>SS:</bold> Coronary angiography was performed according to the Judkins or Sones technique, and analyzed by two interventional cardiologists blinded to the study protocol. In case of disagreement, assessment by a third observer also blinded to the study protocol was requested. Lesions causing a reduction in coronary diameter &#8805; 50% of vessels with diameters &#8805; 1.5 mm were assessed separately with the SS, and they were added to determine each patient&#8217;s overall SS. The score was calculated by using the Syntax Score algorithm.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> The cutoff points for statistical analysis attributed to the SS were: low risk (&lt; 22), intermediate risk (22-32), and high risk (&gt; 32).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Statistical analysis</title>
        <p>Data were stored in a Microsoft Excel database and analyzed with the SPSS software, version 21.0. Normal distribution of the continuous variables was confirmed by use of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. On descriptive analysis, categorical variables were expressed as absolute and relative frequencies, and continuous variables, as mean and standard deviation. The association between the categorical variables was performed with Pearson&#8217;s chi-square and Fisher exact tests, and the means of the continuous variables were compared by using Student <italic>t</italic> test for independent samples and ANOVA with Bonferroni adjustment. The variables with a p &gt; 0.2 association were entered into the binary logistic regression model. The analyses were performed considering the 95% confidence interval (&#945; = 5%).</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <p>This study assessed 101 patients, with a mean age of 62.6 years (31 - 92 years), 57.4% of whom were of the male sex. Most patients assessed had a low risk according to the SS (83.2%), being classified as normal regarding the ABI (45.5%). Of the 101 patients, 4 had non-compressible ABI, being excluded from the diagnosis of PAD by the ABI method. Thus, the diagnosis of PAD based on the ABI could be considered in 97 patients. Peripheral artery disease was present in 33 patients (30.9%). Regarding the diagnosis of the clinical presentation of ACS, participants most frequently had STEMI (45.5%).</p>
      <p>The patients&#8217; clinical characteristics are shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>. Most patients were ex-smokers (44.6%), had diabetes mellitus (45.8%), systemic arterial hypertension (SAH - 82.2%) and family history of CAD (61.9%). Half of the patients had previous CAD (50.0%) and most had no intermittent claudication (58.4%). There was a large number of losses: 1 to smoking, 29 to diabetes mellitus, 11 to SAH, 17 to family history of CAD, 11 to previous CAD, and 25 to the symptom of claudication. The diagnosis of claudication was established by use of the Edinburgh Questionnaire, and patients with claudication more often had PAD (p = 0.050) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Table 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Characteristics of the patients admitted to the coronary care unit of the HSL PUCRS with acute coronary syndrome from May to September 2016</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="50%"/>
            <col width="50%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Characteristics</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">N (%)</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Male sex</td>
              <td align="center">58 (57.4)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Age in years (mean&#177;SD)</td>
              <td align="center">62.6 &#177; 12.0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Smokers</td>
              <td align="center">27 (27.0)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Non-smokers</td>
              <td align="center">28 (28.0)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Ex-smokers</td>
              <td align="center">45 (44.6)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">With diabetes mellitus</td>
              <td align="center">33 (45.8)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Without diabetes mellitus</td>
              <td align="center">39 (54.2)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">History of dyslipidemia</td>
              <td align="center">16 (15.8)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Systemic arterial hypertension</td>
              <td align="center">74 (82.2)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Family history of coronary artery disease</td>
              <td align="center">52 (61.9)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Previous coronary artery disease</td>
              <td align="center">45 (50.0)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Claudication</td>
              <td align="center">17 (22.4)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Peripheral artery disease</td>
              <td align="center">33 (30.9)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Acute coronary syndrome</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">UA</td>
              <td align="center">30 (29.7)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">NSTEMI</td>
              <td align="center">25 (24.8)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">STEMI</td>
              <td align="center">46 (45.5)</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN1">
            <p>SD: standard deviation; UA: unstable angina; STEMI: ST-elevation myocardial infarction; NSTEMI: non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Note: Number of losses: 1 to smoking, 29 to diabetes mellitus, 11 to systemic arterial hypertension, 17 to family history of coronary artery disease, 11 to previous coronary artery disease, and 25 to the symptom of claudication.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <table-wrap id="t2">
        <label>Table 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Clinical characteristics related to peripheral artery disease of patients admitted to the coronary care unit of the HSL-PUCRS with acute coronary syndrome from May to September 2016</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Variables</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid;background-color:#C5C6C8">Peripheral artery disease</th>
              <th align="center" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">p</th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Yes (n = 30) N (%)</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">No (n = 67) N (%)</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Male sex</td>
              <td align="center">18 (60.0)</td>
              <td align="center">36 (53.7)</td>
              <td align="center">0.660<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Age in years (mean &#177; SD)</td>
              <td align="center">65.0 &#177; 12.0</td>
              <td align="center">61.6 &#177; 12.1</td>
              <td align="center">0.212<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">&#165;</xref></sup></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Syntax Score (mean &#177; SD)</td>
              <td align="center">14.8 &#177; 9.2</td>
              <td align="center">11.6 &#177; 8.13</td>
              <td align="center">0.093<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">&#165;</xref></sup></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Syntax classification</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Low risk</td>
              <td align="center">22 (73.3)</td>
              <td align="center">58 (86.6)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Intermediate risk</td>
              <td align="center">8 (26.7)</td>
              <td align="center">8 (11.9)</td>
              <td align="center">0.133<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">&#163;</xref></sup></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">High risk</td>
              <td align="center">0 (0.0)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (1.5)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Smoking</td>
              <td align="center">8 (26.7)</td>
              <td align="center">17 (25.8)</td>
              <td align="center">0.850<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Diabetes mellitus</td>
              <td align="center">11 (47.8)</td>
              <td align="center">21 (46.7)</td>
              <td align="center">0.928<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Systemic arterial hypertension</td>
              <td align="center">22 (81.5)</td>
              <td align="center">49 (81.7)</td>
              <td align="center">1.000<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">&#163;</xref></sup></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Family history of coronary artery disease</td>
              <td align="center">17 (68.0)</td>
              <td align="center">33 (60.0)</td>
              <td align="center">0.493<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Previous coronary artery disease</td>
              <td align="center">12 (46.2)</td>
              <td align="center">30 (49.2)</td>
              <td align="center">0.796<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Claudication</td>
              <td align="center">9 (37.5)</td>
              <td align="center">8 (16.7)</td>
              <td align="center">0.050<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN2">
            <p>SD: standard deviation.</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN3">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>Chi-square test;</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN4">
            <label>&#165;</label>
            <p>Student t test for independent samples;</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN5">
            <label>&#163;</label>
            <p>Fisher Exact test.</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN6">
            <p>Note: Number of losses: 1 to smoking, 29 to diabetes mellitus, 11 to systemic arterial hypertension, 17 to family history of coronary artery disease, 11 to previous coronary artery disease, and 25 to the symptom of claudication.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>The association between the categorical variables was performed with Pearson&#8217;s chi-square and Fisher exact tests, and the means of the continuous variables were compared by using Student <italic>t</italic> test for independent samples and ANOVA with Bonferroni adjustment. To assess the correlation between the ABI and the SS, Pearson correlation test was used. The variables with a p &gt; 0.2 association were entered into the binary logistic regression model. The analyses were performed considering the 95% confidence interval (a = 5%). The correlation between ABI and SS was not significant (r = -0.184; p = 0.070) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f1">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Correlation between ankle-brachial index and Syntax Score of patients admitted to the coronary care unit of the HSL-PUCRS with acute coronary syndrome from May to September 2016.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="2359-5647-ijcs-31-01-0047-70094-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>Patients with NSTEMI were older than those with STEMI (p = 0.021). The SS of patients with NSTEMI was higher (approximately twice) than that of those with UA (p = 0.004). According to the SS, intermediate risk was more frequent among patients with NSTEMI, and low risk, among patients with UA (p = 0.015). When the SS was reclassified, isolating patients with zero score, those with UA more frequently had zero SS, while those with NSTEMI had an intermediate risk according to the SS (p = 0.004) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 3</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t3">
        <label>Table 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Clinical characteristics according to the clinical forms of acute coronary syndrome of patients admitted to the coronary care unit of the HSL-PUCRS with acute coronary syndrome from May to September 2016</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="16%"/>
            <col width="16%"/>
            <col width="16%"/>
            <col width="16%"/>
            <col width="16%"/>
            <col width="16%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Variables</th>
              <th align="center" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Total sample<break/>N (%)</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="3" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid;background-color:#C5C6C8">ACS</th>
              <th align="center" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">p</th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">UA (n = 30)<break/>N (%)</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">NSTEMI (n = 25)<break/>N (%)</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">STEMI (n = 46)<break/>N (%)</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Male sex</td>
              <td align="center">58 (57.4)</td>
              <td align="center">14 (46.7)</td>
              <td align="center">15 (60.0)</td>
              <td align="center">29 (63.0)</td>
              <td align="center">0.353<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN8">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Age in years (mean &#177; SD)</td>
              <td align="center">62.6 &#177; 12.0</td>
              <td align="center">66.1<sup>a</sup> &#177; 10.3</td>
              <td align="center">65.0<sup>a</sup> &#177; 13.3</td>
              <td align="center">59.0<sup>b</sup> &#177; 11.6</td>
              <td align="center">
                <bold>0.021</bold>
                <sup>
                  <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">&#165;</xref>
                </sup>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">ABI (mean &#177; SD)</td>
              <td align="center">0.97 &#177; 0.20</td>
              <td align="center">0.96 &#177; 0.26</td>
              <td align="center">0.96 &#177; 0.21</td>
              <td align="center">0.97 &#177; 0.17</td>
              <td align="center">0.996<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">&#165;</xref></sup></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>ABI classification</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Low to intermediate risk</td>
              <td align="center">33 (32.7)</td>
              <td align="center">10 (33.3)</td>
              <td align="center">10 (40.0)</td>
              <td align="center">13 (28.3)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Borderline</td>
              <td align="center">19 (18.8)</td>
              <td align="center">3 (10.0)</td>
              <td align="center">5 (20.0)</td>
              <td align="center">11 (23.9)</td>
              <td align="center">0.653<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN10">&#163;</xref></sup></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Normal</td>
              <td align="center">46 (45.5)</td>
              <td align="center">16 (53.3)</td>
              <td align="center">9 (36.0)</td>
              <td align="center">21 (45.7)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Non-compressible</td>
              <td align="center">3 (3.0)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (3.3)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (4.0)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (2.2)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Peripheral artery disease</td>
              <td align="center">30 (30.9)</td>
              <td align="center">10 (35.7)</td>
              <td align="center">11 (24.4)</td>
              <td align="center">9 (37.5)</td>
              <td align="center">0.434<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN8">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Syntax Score (mean &#177; SD)</td>
              <td align="center">12.29 &#177; 8.59</td>
              <td align="center">8.37<sup>b</sup> &#177; 8.24</td>
              <td align="center">15.68<sup>a</sup> &#177; 8.16</td>
              <td align="center">13.01<sup>ab</sup> &#177; 8.21</td>
              <td align="center">
                <bold>0.004</bold>
                <sup>
                  <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">&#165;</xref>
                </sup>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Syntax classification</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Low risk</td>
              <td align="center">84 (83.2)</td>
              <td align="center">28 (93.3)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN11">**</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">16 (64.0)</td>
              <td align="center">40 (87.0)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Intermediate risk</td>
              <td align="center">16 (15.8)</td>
              <td align="center">2 (6.7)</td>
              <td align="center">9 (36.0)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN11">**</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">5 (10.9)</td>
              <td align="center">
                <bold>0.015</bold>
                <sup>
                  <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN10">&#163;</xref>
                </sup>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">High risk</td>
              <td align="center">1 (1.0)</td>
              <td align="center">0 (0.0)</td>
              <td align="center">0 (0.0)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (2.2)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Syntax classification isolating zero</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Zero</td>
              <td align="center">12 (11.9)</td>
              <td align="center">8 (26.7)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN11">**</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">3 (6.5)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (4.0)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Low risk</td>
              <td align="center">72 (71.3)</td>
              <td align="center">20 (66.7)</td>
              <td align="center">37 (80.4)</td>
              <td align="center">15 (60.0)</td>
              <td align="center">
                <bold>0.004</bold>
                <sup>
                  <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN10">&#163;</xref>
                </sup>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Intermediate risk</td>
              <td align="center">16 (15.8)</td>
              <td align="center">2 (6.7)</td>
              <td align="center">5 (10.9)</td>
              <td align="center">9 (36.0)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN11">**</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">High risk</td>
              <td align="center">1 (1.0)</td>
              <td align="center">0 (0.0)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (2.2)</td>
              <td align="center">0 (0.0)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Smoking</td>
              <td align="center">27 (27.0)</td>
              <td align="center">4 (13.3)</td>
              <td align="center">5 (20.0)</td>
              <td align="center">18 (40.0)</td>
              <td align="center">0.093<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN8">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Diabetes mellitus</td>
              <td align="center">33 (45.8)</td>
              <td align="center">12 (46.2)</td>
              <td align="center">10 (55.6)</td>
              <td align="center">11 (39.3)</td>
              <td align="center">0.557<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN8">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Systemic arterial hypertension</td>
              <td align="center">74 (82.2)</td>
              <td align="center">26 (89.7)</td>
              <td align="center">18 (85.7)</td>
              <td align="center">30 (75.0)</td>
              <td align="center">0.291<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN10">&#163;</xref></sup></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Family history of CAD</td>
              <td align="center">52 (61.9)</td>
              <td align="center">20 (69.0)</td>
              <td align="center">15 (71.4)</td>
              <td align="center">17 (50.0)</td>
              <td align="center">0.177<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN8">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Previous CAD</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">45 (50.0)</td>
              <td align="center">21 (77.8)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN11">**</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">10 (47.6)</td>
              <td align="center">14 (33.3)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">
                <bold>0.001</bold>
                <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN8">*</xref>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">45 (50.0)</td>
              <td align="center">6 (22.2)</td>
              <td align="center">11 (52.4)</td>
              <td align="center">28 (66.7)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Claudication</td>
              <td align="center">17 (22.4)</td>
              <td align="center">6 (26.1)</td>
              <td align="center">6 (33.3)</td>
              <td align="center">5 (14.3)</td>
              <td align="center">0.254<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN10">&#163;</xref></sup></td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN7">
            <p>ACS: acute coronary syndrome; UA: unstable angina; STEMI: ST-elevation myocardial infarction; NSTEMI: non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction; SD: standard deviation; ABI: ankle-brachial index; CAD: coronary artery disease.</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN8">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>Chi-square test;</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN9">
            <label>&#165;</label>
            <p>ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni adjustment;</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN10">
            <label>&#163;</label>
            <p>Fisher Exact test</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN11">
            <label>**</label>
            <p>Analysis of adjusted residues.</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN12">
            <p>Note: Number of losses: 1 to smoking, 29 to diabetes mellitus, 11 to systemic arterial hypertension, 17 to family history of coronary artery disease, 11 to previous coronary artery disease, and 25 to the symptom of claudication.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>Previous CAD was more frequently found among patients with UA, while patients with no previous CAD more often had STEMI (p = 0.001) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 3</xref>).</p>
      <p>After adjusting to age, smoking habit, family history of CAD and previous CAD (variables with p &gt; 0.2 on univariate and bivariate analysis), only the SS remained associated with ACS for the clinical form of UA as compared to NSTEMI [OR (95%CI): 1.13 (1.02-1.25); p = 0.019] (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Table 4</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t4">
        <label>Table 4</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Multivariate analysis</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="14%"/>
            <col width="14%"/>
            <col width="14%"/>
            <col width="14%"/>
            <col width="14%"/>
            <col width="14%"/>
            <col width="14%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" rowspan="3" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Variables</th>
              <th align="center" rowspan="3" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">UA<break/>(Mean &#177; SD)</th>
              <th align="center" rowspan="3" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">NSTEMI<break/>(Mean &#177; SD)</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="4" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid;background-color:#C5C6C8">Acute coronary syndrome</th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="center" colspan="4" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid;background-color:#C5C6C8">UA vs. NSTEMI</th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">OR (95%CI)<break/>Non-adjusted</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">p</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">OR (95%CI)<break/>Adjusted<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN14">*</xref>
							</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">p</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">ABI</td>
              <td align="center">0.96 &#177; 0.26</td>
              <td align="center">0.96 &#177; 0.21</td>
              <td align="center">1.02 (0.10-10.55)</td>
              <td align="center">0.989</td>
              <td align="center">1.07 (0.03-44.15)</td>
              <td align="center">0.973</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Syntax</td>
              <td align="center">8.37 &#177; 8.24</td>
              <td align="center">15.68 &#177; 8.16</td>
              <td align="center">1.11 (1.03-1.20)</td>
              <td align="center">0.004</td>
              <td align="center">1.13 (1.02-1.25)</td>
              <td align="center">0.019</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN13">
            <p>UA: unstable angina; NSTEMI: non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction; SD: standard deviation; CI: confidence interval; ABI: ankle-brachial index; Syntax: Syntax Score.</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN14">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>Adjusted to age, smoking habit, family history of coronary artery disease and previous coronary artery disease.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>When combining UA with STEMI, STEMI with NSTEMI, and UA + NSTEMI with STEMI, after adjusting to age, family history of CAD and previous CAD (variables with p &gt; 0.2 on univariate and bivariate analysis), the ABI and the SS did not maintain the association with the type of ACS clinical presentation.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>The atherosclerotic disease is multifactorial. The clinical manifestations of patients with ACS are: UA, NSTEMI and STEMI. Peripheral artery disease, an expression of peripheral atherosclerotic disease, is a more severe form, defined as a worsening factor in the cardiovascular risk stratification of patients at intermediate risk.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The major objective of this study was to determine the ABI value of patients with ACS, and to relate ABI to the severity of coronary lesion by use of the SS. Several studies have shown the relationship between ABI and CAD severity, most of them conducted in patients with suspected CAD or unstable CAD.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref> Studies using the SS II have shown a negative relationship between the presence of peripheral vascular disease and the SS, but they included no patient with ACS.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>
			</p>
      <p>In our study, we expected to find a lower ABI value when compared to the higher SS in ACS. In our sample, the ABI value was not related to the severity of CAD on the SS. We found a negative correlation between those two indices, but without statistical significance. Some differences between the methodologies might help us understand the result different from that expected.</p>
      <p>Some studies that have not excluded ACS and a few that have assessed only ACS cases have shown a strong negative relationship between ABI and SS, evidencing more severe and/or complex coronary impairment.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref> The study by Korkmaz with 150 patients with ACS has found a strong negative relationship between the scores, but patients with STEMI and those with previous CAD had been excluded.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> Our sample had a small number of patients with STEMI, and those with previous CAD were not excluded. When stratifying the presentation forms of ACS, we found no relationship of the SS with the cases of STEMI, which comprised most of our sample. However, the comparison of the SS of patients with NSTEMI and with UA evidenced a relationship of the intermediate SS with cases of NSTEMI and of the zero SS with cases of UA. Such aspects can clarify the fact that there was no significant negative relationship between the SS and the ABI in ACS. In the study by Benyakorn with 213 patients, correlating the ABI with the severity of the coronary artery lesion, patients with ACS who were known to have PAD were excluded, and the ABI cutoff point of 0.7 was used. That author found a strong negative relationship between ABI and SS.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
			</p>
      <p>A multicenter study with 1054 patients, assessing the impact of PAD in patients with ACS and not excluding STEMI, has suggested that the detection of PAD at the bedside might be a useful tool to stratify early risk.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The well-known low diagnostic power of PAD based on symptomatology was confirmed in our sample with the use of the Edinburgh Questionnaire.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> The prevalence of PAD in our sample was three-times that described for the general population. This evidence emphasizes that we assessed patients with diffuse atherosclerotic disease, and that patients with CAD are prone to develop PAD. A similar finding was observed in the study by Korkmaz, in which the frequency of asymptomatic PAD was higher.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Although PAD is strongly associated with fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular event,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref> its severity is not yet used to help stratify the coronary atherosclerotic complexity. Studies comparing the ABI value with the severity of stable CAD have found a negative relationship between them, similarly to the studies on ACS.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref> Comparing our results with those of other studies on ACS, the frequency of patients with STEMI was the most discrepant finding, because we had a greater prevalence of STEMI, which might explain the difference. However, the inverse relationship between those indices seems to be present and significantly repeated in several studies, even with the different methodologies used.</p>
      <p>The diagnosis of PAD, as well as its expression of severity, in patients with ACS awaits better definition to help stratify severe and/or complex coronary disease, to allow better management when assessing patients with CAD and PAD. A randomized study assessing the time of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in patients with and without PAD, submitted to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), has reported that those with stable CAD or with ACS had worse prognosis after PCI when they had PAD, requiring a longer DAPT time.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref> That study corroborates the importance of the diagnosis of PAD in patients with CAD submitted to PCI.</p>
      <p>The several types of clinical stratification for patients with ACS, such as the GRACE (<italic>Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events</italic>) risk score, were related to hemodynamic severity, risk of death and major cardiovascular events. So far, we have no definitive clinical score that helps us assess the risk of the CAD complexity found in patients with ACS.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Study Limitations</title>
        <p>In our study, we valued only the anatomical presentation of coronary lesions and tried to relate it to the ABI. A comparison of the complexity of the anatomical and functional impairment of those two presentations of atherosclerotic disease might find a more exuberant negative relationship in patients with ACS.</p>
        <p>No assessment of myocardial functional impairment was performed in our study, because the patients had ACS according to the diagnostic criteria defined by the guidelines.</p>
        <p>Our sample was limited for this initial study, but a larger one in future studies might be able to establish a better relationship between the ABI and the SS in patients with ACS, in addition to contributing to their cardiovascular risk stratification.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusion</title>
      <p>Our study showed that patients with an ABI &lt; 0.9 had no association with higher disease complexity determined by the SS in patients with ACS. In addition, patients with NSTEMI were more associated with an intermediate risk on the SS.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This article is part of the thesis of master submitted by Andrea Mabilde Petracco, from Faculdade de Medicina da PUCRS.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Ethics approval and consent to participate</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculdade de Medicina da Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) under the protocol number 1.316.041. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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          <name>
            <surname>Porci&#250;ncula</surname>
            <given-names>Gustavo Farias</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Teixeira</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriel Santos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pellegrini</surname>
            <given-names>Denise de Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Danzmann</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Claudio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pianta</surname>
            <given-names>Ricardo Medeiros</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Petracco</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o Batista</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital S&#227;o Lucas, da Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Andrea Mabilde Petracco,</bold> Av. Ipiranga, 7464, sala 524. CEP: 91530-000, Jardim Bot&#226;nico, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil. E-mail: <email>apetracco@terra.com.br</email>; <email>apetracco@cardiol.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Petracco AM, Bodanese LC, Danzmann LC. Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Petracco AM, Porciuncula GF, Teixeira GS, Piant&#225; RM, Pellegrini DO. An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Petracco AM, Bodanese LC. Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Petracco AM. Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Petracco AM. Supervis&#227;o/ como investigador principal: Bodanese LC, Danzmann LC, Petracco JB e Piant&#225; RM.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>A Doen&#231;a Arterial Perif&#233;rica (DAP) est&#225; associada a eventos cardiovasculares, podendo ser diagnosticada e estimada atrav&#233;s do &#205;ndice Tornozelo-Braquial (ITB). Est&#225; bem estabelecido que o ITB &#233; fator agravante na estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco cardiovascular, mas sua contribui&#231;&#227;o para definir a gravidade do acometimento arterial coronariano n&#227;o est&#225; bem estabelecida.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivos:</title>
          <p>Estudo testou o valor do ITB com a gravidade da doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica coronariana pelo Escore de Syntax (ES) em pacientes com S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Aguda (SCA).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>Estudo prospectivo com medida do ITB de todos os pacientes internados com SCA no Hospital S&#227;o Lucas da PUCRS, consecutivamente, de maio a setembro de 2016, e compara&#231;&#227;o de seu valor com o ES e tipos de SCA desses pacientes. As an&#225;lises foram realizadas considerando-se o n&#237;vel de confian&#231;a de 95% (&#945; = 5%).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>101 pacientes, com m&#233;dia de idade de 62,6&#177;12,0 anos, 58 (57,4%) masculinos, 74 (82,2%) hipertensos, 33 (45,8%) diab&#233;ticos e 46 (45,5%) com infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamento do ST (IAMCSST). A gravidade da DAP n&#227;o teve rela&#231;&#227;o com a gravidade anat&#244;mica da doen&#231;a arterial coronariana (DAC). Encontramos uma associa&#231;&#227;o significativa de ES intermedi&#225;rio com infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio sem supradesnivelamento do ST (IAMSSST) e de ES baixo com angina inst&#225;vel (AI) [OR (IC95%): 1,11 (1,03-1,20); p = 0,004], que se manteve ap&#243;s an&#225;lise multivariada, ajustada para idade, tabagismo, hist&#243;ria familiar de DAC e DAC pr&#233;via [OR (IC95%): 1,13 (1,02-1,25); p = 0,019].</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#245;es:</title>
          <p>Analisando nossos resultados, encontramos que pacientes com ITB &lt; 0,9 n&#227;o apresentaram associa&#231;&#227;o com maior complexidade determinada pelo ES em pacientes com SCA. Os pacientes com IAMSSST estiveram mais associados com ES intermedi&#225;rio.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>&#205;ndice Tornozelo-Bra&#231;o</kwd>
        <kwd>S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Aguda</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a da Art&#233;ria Coronariana</kwd>
        <kwd>&#205;ndice de Severidade da Doen&#231;a</kwd>
        <kwd>Aterosclerose</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a Arterial Perif&#233;rica</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>As doen&#231;as cardiovasculares representam a principal causa de morte e incapacidade no Brasil e no mundo. O acidente vascular cerebral e o infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio s&#227;o as duas principais causas de morte secund&#225;ria a essas doen&#231;as. A determina&#231;&#227;o de fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica presentes na popula&#231;&#227;o &#233; tema sempre crescente.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> A predi&#231;&#227;o desses fatores pode contribuir para medidas preventivas e estrat&#233;gias terap&#234;uticas.</p>
        <p>Em um mesmo indiv&#237;duo, podem coexistir diferentes formas de apresenta&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> A Doen&#231;a Arterial Perif&#233;rica (DAP) &#233; uma dessas apresenta&#231;&#245;es, com manifesta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica comumente assintom&#225;tica e seu diagn&#243;stico estabelecido atrav&#233;s da aferi&#231;&#227;o do &#205;ndice Tornozelo-Braquial (ITB).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> Esse m&#233;todo, de f&#225;cil realiza&#231;&#227;o e n&#227;o invasivo, &#233; considerado como agravante de risco cardiovascular.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Aguda (SCA) &#233; a forma de express&#227;o da Doen&#231;a Arterial Coronariana (DAC) e representa grande causa de morte em nosso meio. A gravidade do acometimento arterial coronariano pode ser obtido pelo Escore de Syntax (ES).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Estudos j&#225; avaliaram a associa&#231;&#227;o de DAC com DAP, sendo que o Escore de Syntax II (ES II) acrescentou a presen&#231;a de doen&#231;a vascular perif&#233;rica, entre outras vari&#225;veis, ao ES, possibilitando melhor estratifica&#231;&#227;o. Alguns estudos tentaram relacionar a gravidade da DAP, avaliada pelo ITB, com a complexidade da DAC.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> Eles encontraram uma associa&#231;&#227;o negativa entre o ITB e a gravidade ateroscler&#243;tica coron&#225;ria, sendo que alguns desses estudos utilizaram a DAC na forma de apresenta&#231;&#227;o de SCA, assim como o nosso se prop&#244;s.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Nosso estudo usou o ITB e o ES para quantificar as diferentes formas de acometimento da doen&#231;a cardiovascular ateroscler&#243;tica em pacientes com SCA, bem como avaliou se o ITB est&#225; relacionado com maior ou menor gravidade definido pelo ES.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#233;todos</title>
        <p>Estudo transversal, descritivo e anal&#237;tico. A coleta de dados foi feita prospectiva e consecutivamente na Unidade de Terapia Coronariana (UTC) do Hospital S&#227;o Lucas da PUCRS (HSL-PUCRS) em todos os pacientes internados por SCA no per&#237;odo de maio de 2016 at&#233; setembro de 2016. Os dados foram obtidos dos prontu&#225;rios dos pacientes e das medidas realizadas em cada paciente. Todos os pacientes foram convidados a participar, concordaram verbalmente e atrav&#233;s de assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido.</p>
        <p>Durante o per&#237;odo do estudo, foram convidados todos os pacientes que procuraram o HSL-PUCRS por dor tor&#225;cica, com altera&#231;&#227;o de biomarcadores card&#237;acos e/ou altera&#231;&#227;o eletrocardiogr&#225;fica compat&#237;vel com o diagn&#243;stico de SCA, sem outra causa para a origem da dor tor&#225;cica. Foram exclu&#237;dos os pacientes que n&#227;o poderiam ser submetidos &#224; medida do ITB, como les&#227;o em membro inferior, aqueles que n&#227;o foram submetidos ao estudo angiocoronariogr&#225;fico, e aqueles em quem n&#227;o se conseguiu realizar a medida do ITB.</p>
        <p>O projeto de pesquisa do presente estudo foi submetido e aprovado pelo Comit&#234; em Pesquisa do HSL-PUCRS (1.316.041).</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Metodologia da Coleta das Vari&#225;veis</title>
          <p><bold>SCA:</bold> Todos os pacientes que procuraram o HSL da PUCRS por dor tor&#225;cica anginosa e tinham altera&#231;&#227;o enzim&#225;tica e/ou eletrocardiogr&#225;fica compat&#237;veis com o diagn&#243;stico de SCA foram internados na UTC desse servi&#231;o e convidados a participar do estudo. A categoriza&#231;&#227;o do tipo de SCA foi baseada nas Diretrizes da SBC sobre angina inst&#225;vel (AI) e infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio sem supradesnivelamento do ST (IAMSSST), de 2007, e atualizada em 2014 e na V Diretriz da SBC sobre tratamento do infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamento do ST (IAMCSST), de 2015.</p>
          <p><bold>ITB:</bold> A aferi&#231;&#227;o do ITB foi realizada com o paciente em dec&#250;bito dorsal. Foram realizadas as medidas de PAS (press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica), de MS (membro superior) e MI (membro inferior). A medida da PAS de MS foi realizada com tecnologia n&#227;o invasiva DINAMAP pela medida oscilom&#233;trica ap&#243;s o comando manual. A medida da PAS do MI foi realizada pela t&#233;cnica auscultat&#243;ria com aparelho de Doppler Huntleigh Dopplex SD2, <italic>probe</italic> de 8 MHz ao n&#237;vel da art&#233;ria tibial posterior e manguito acoplado ao esfigmoman&#244;metro aneroide. Optamos pela aferi&#231;&#227;o no MI esquerdo, pois a maioria dos pacientes havia sido submetida ao estudo hemodin&#226;mico atrav&#233;s do MI direito, estando com esse membro em repouso absoluto. O c&#225;lculo do ITB foi obtido atrav&#233;s da divis&#227;o da PAS em MI pela PAS em MS de cada paciente. O diagn&#243;stico de DAP foi determinado a partir do ITB, considerando os pontos de corte &#8804; 0,9 para presen&#231;a da doen&#231;a, e &gt; 0,9 at&#233; 1,4 para aus&#234;ncia da doen&#231;a. N&#227;o computados aqueles com ITB &gt; 1,40 e/ou n&#227;o compress&#237;veis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
					</p>
          <p><bold>Claudica&#231;&#227;o:</bold> O diagn&#243;stico de claudica&#231;&#227;o foi baseado no Question&#225;rio de Edimburgo, que est&#225; validado para a popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira atrav&#233;s do estudo do Comit&#234; de Doen&#231;a Arterial Perif&#233;rica do &#8220;Projeto Cora&#231;&#245;es do Brasil&#8221; (SBC).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>
					</p>
          <p><bold>ES:</bold> A angiografia coron&#225;ria foi realizada pela t&#233;cnica de Judkins ou Sones e analisada por dois cardiologistas intervencionistas que eram cegos para o protocolo de estudo. Em caso de discord&#226;ncia, era solicitada avalia&#231;&#227;o de um terceiro observador tamb&#233;m cego para o protocolo. As les&#245;es coron&#225;rias, produzindo no m&#237;nimo 50% de redu&#231;&#227;o do di&#226;metro coron&#225;rio em vasos maiores ou iguais a 1,5 mm de di&#226;metro, foram avaliadas separadamente pelo ES, e somadas para determinar o ES geral de cada paciente. O escore foi calculado usando o algoritmo Syntax Score.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> Os pontos de corte para an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica atribu&#237;dos ao ES foram: baixo risco (&lt; 22), risco intermedi&#225;rio (22-32), e alto risco (&gt; 32).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise Estat&#237;stica</title>
          <p>Os dados foram armazenados em banco de dados Microsoft Excel e analisados pelo pacote estat&#237;stico SPSS 21.0. A normalidade da distribui&#231;&#227;o das vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foi confirmada atrav&#233;s do teste Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Na abordagem descritiva, as vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram apresentadas por frequ&#234;ncias absoluta e relativa, e as medidas cont&#237;nuas atrav&#233;s de m&#233;dia e desvio-padr&#227;o. A associa&#231;&#227;o entre as vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foi realizada atrav&#233;s dos testes Qui-quadrado de Pearson e Exato de Fisher, e a compara&#231;&#227;o entre as m&#233;dias das medidas cont&#237;nuas, atrav&#233;s do teste <italic>t</italic> de Student para amostras independentes e ANOVA com teste de Bonferroni. As vari&#225;veis que apresentaram associa&#231;&#227;o p &gt; 0,2 foram inseridas no modelo de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica bin&#225;ria. As an&#225;lises foram realizadas considerando-se o n&#237;vel de confian&#231;a de 95% (&#945; = 5%).</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <p>Foram avaliados 101 pacientes, com m&#233;dia de idade de 62,6 anos (31 a 92 anos), sendo 57,4% do sexo masculino. Entre os pacientes avaliados, a maioria apresentava baixo risco segundo o ES (83,2%), sendo classificados como normais de acordo com o ITB (45,5%). Dos 101 pacientes estudados, 4 apresentavam ITB n&#227;o compress&#237;vel e foram exclu&#237;dos do diagn&#243;stico de DAP pelo m&#233;todo do ITB. Portanto, o diagn&#243;stico de DAP baseado no ITB p&#244;de ser realizado em 97 pacientes. A DAP estava presente em 33 (30,9%) pacientes. Com rela&#231;&#227;o ao diagn&#243;stico da forma de apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica da SCA, os participantes haviam sofrido, mais frequentemente, IAMCSST (45,5%).</p>
        <p>As caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas dos pacientes est&#227;o descritas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Tabela 1</xref>. Pacientes eram, mais frequentemente, ex-tabagistas (44,6%) e diab&#233;ticos (45,8%). A maioria apresentava Hipertens&#227;o Arterial Sist&#234;mica (HAS) (82,2%) e hist&#243;ria familiar de DAC (61,9%); metade era de portadores de DAC pr&#233;via (50,0%) e a maioria n&#227;o apresentava claudica&#231;&#227;o intermitente (58,4%). Houve um grande n&#250;mero de perdas: 1 para tabagismo, 29 para diabete melito, 11 para HAS, 17 para hist&#243;ria familiar de DAC, 11 para DAC pr&#233;via, e 25 para o sintoma claudica&#231;&#227;o. O diagn&#243;stico de claudica&#231;&#227;o foi realizado atrav&#233;s do Question&#225;rio de Edimburgo, e os pacientes portadores de claudica&#231;&#227;o mais frequentemente apresentavam DAP (p = 0,050) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabela 2</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t5">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Caracter&#237;sticas da amostra dos pacientes atendidos na unidade de terapia coronariana no HSL-PUCRS com s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda no per&#237;odo de maio a setembro de 2016</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="50%"/>
              <col width="50%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Caracter&#237;sticas da amostra</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">N (%)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sexo masculino</td>
                <td align="center">58 (57,4)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Idade em anos (m&#233;dia &#177; DP)</td>
                <td align="center">62,6 &#177; 12,0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tabagistas</td>
                <td align="center">27 (27,0)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o tabagistas</td>
                <td align="center">28 (28,0)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Ex-tabagistas</td>
                <td align="center">45 (44,6)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Diab&#233;ticos</td>
                <td align="center">33 (45,8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o diab&#233;ticos</td>
                <td align="center">39 (54,2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hist&#243;ria de dislipidemia</td>
                <td align="center">16 (15,8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica</td>
                <td align="center">74 (82,2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hist&#243;ria familiar de doen&#231;a arterial coronariana</td>
                <td align="center">52 (61,9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Doen&#231;a arterial coronariana pr&#233;via</td>
                <td align="center">45 (50,0)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Claudica&#231;&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">17 (22,4)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Doen&#231;a arterial perif&#233;rica</td>
                <td align="center">33 (30,9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>S&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">AI</td>
                <td align="center">30 (29,7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IAMSSST</td>
                <td align="center">25 (24,8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IAMCSST</td>
                <td align="center">46 (45,5)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN15">
              <p>DP: desvio-padr&#227;o; AI: angina inst&#225;vel; IAMSSST: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio sem supradesnivelamneto de ST; IAMCSST: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamneto de ST. Nota: O n&#250;mero de sujeitos com valores perdidos foi 1 para tabagismo, 29 para diabete melito, 11 para hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica, 17 para hist&#243;ria familiar de doen&#231;a arterial coronariana, 11 para doen&#231;a arterial coronariana pr&#233;via, e 25 para o sintoma claudica&#231;&#227;o.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <table-wrap id="t6">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas relacionadas &#224; doen&#231;a arterial perif&#233;rica dos pacientes atendidos na unidade de terapia coronariana no HSL-PUCRS com s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda no per&#237;odo de maio a setembro de 2016</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Vari&#225;veis</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid;background-color:#C5C6C8">Doen&#231;a arterial perif&#233;rica</th>
                <th align="center" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">p</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Sim (n = 30) N (%)</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">N&#227;o (n = 67) N (%)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sexo masculino</td>
                <td align="center">18 (60,0)</td>
                <td align="center">36 (53,7)</td>
                <td align="center">0,660<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN17">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Idade em anos (m&#233;dia &#177; DP)</td>
                <td align="center">65,0 &#177; 12,0</td>
                <td align="center">61,6 &#177; 12,1</td>
                <td align="center">0,212<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN18">&#165;</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Escore Syntax (m&#233;dia &#177; DP)</td>
                <td align="center">14,8 &#177; 9,2</td>
                <td align="center">11,6 &#177; 8,13</td>
                <td align="center">0,093<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN18">&#165;</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Classifica&#231;&#227;o Syntax</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Baixo risco</td>
                <td align="center">22 (73,3)</td>
                <td align="center">58 (86,6)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Risco intermedi&#225;rio</td>
                <td align="center">8 (26,7)</td>
                <td align="center">8 (11,9)</td>
                <td align="center">0,133<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN19">&#163;</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Alto risco</td>
                <td align="center">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1,5)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tabagismo</td>
                <td align="center">8 (26,7)</td>
                <td align="center">17 (25,8)</td>
                <td align="center">0,850<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN17">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Diabete melito</td>
                <td align="center">11 (47,8)</td>
                <td align="center">21 (46,7)</td>
                <td align="center">0,928<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN17">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica</td>
                <td align="center">22 (81,5)</td>
                <td align="center">49 (81,7)</td>
                <td align="center">1,000<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN19">&#163;</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hist&#243;ria familiar de doen&#231;a arterial coronariana</td>
                <td align="center">17 (68,0)</td>
                <td align="center">33 (60,0)</td>
                <td align="center">0,493<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN17">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Doen&#231;a arterial coronariana pr&#233;via</td>
                <td align="center">12 (46,2)</td>
                <td align="center">30 (49,2)</td>
                <td align="center">0,796<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN17">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Claudica&#231;&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">9 (37,5)</td>
                <td align="center">8 (16,7)</td>
                <td align="center">0,050<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN17">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN16">
              <p>DP: desvio-padr&#227;o.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN17">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>Teste Qui-quadrado;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN18">
              <label>&#165;</label>
              <p>Teste t de Student para amostras independentes;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN19">
              <label>&#163;</label>
              <p>Teste Exato de Fisher.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN20">
              <p>Nota: O n&#250;mero de sujeitos com valores perdidos foi 1 para tabagismo, 29 para diabete melito, 11 para hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica, 17 para hist&#243;ria familiar de doen&#231;a arterial coronariana, 11 para doen&#231;a arterial coronariana pr&#233;via, e 25 para o sintoma claudica&#231;&#227;o.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>A associa&#231;&#227;o entre as vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foi realizada atrav&#233;s dos testes Qui-quadrado de Pearson e Exato de Fisher, e a compara&#231;&#227;o entre as m&#233;dias das medidas cont&#237;nuas, atrav&#233;s do teste <italic>t</italic> de Student para amostras independentes e ANOVA com teste de Bonferroni. Para avaliar a correla&#231;&#227;o entre o ITB e o ES, utilizou-se o teste de correla&#231;&#227;o de Pearson. As vari&#225;veis que apresentaram associa&#231;&#227;o p &gt; 0,2 foram inseridas no modelo de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica bin&#225;ria. As an&#225;lises foram realizadas considerando-se o n&#237;vel de confian&#231;a de 95% (a = 5%). A correla&#231;&#227;o entre o ITB e o ES n&#227;o apresentou signific&#226;ncia (r = -0,184; p = 0,070) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f2">
            <label>Figura 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Correla&#231;&#227;o do &#205;ndice Tornozelo-Braquial com o Escore Syntax dos pacientes atendidos na UTC no HSL-PUCRS com s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda no per&#237;odo de maio a setembro de 2016.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="2359-5647-ijcs-31-01-0047-70094-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>Pacientes com IAMSSST eram mais velhos que pacientes com IAMCSST (p = 0,021). O ES de pacientes com IAMSSST era superior (aproximadamente o dobro) ao de pacientes com AI (p = 0,004). O risco intermedi&#225;rio segundo o ES era mais frequente entre os pacientes com IAMSSST, e o baixo risco, entre os pacientes com AI (p = 0,015). Quando o ES foi reclassificado, isolando aqueles com escore zero, os pacientes com AI tinham, mais frequentemente, ES zero enquanto que os com IAMSSST apresentavam ES com risco intermedi&#225;rio (p = 0,004) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t7">Tabela 3</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t7">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas de acordo com as formas cl&#237;nicas da s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda dos pacientes atendidos na unidade de terapia coronariana no HSL PUCRS com s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda no per&#237;odo de maio a setembro de 2016</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Vari&#225;veis</th>
                <th align="center" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Amostra total N (%)</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="3" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid;background-color:#C5C6C8">SCA</th>
                <th align="center" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">p</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">AI (n = 30)<break/>N (%)</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">IAMSSST (n = 25)<break/>N (%)</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">IAMCSST (n = 46)<break/>N (%)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sexo masculino</td>
                <td align="center">58 (57,4)</td>
                <td align="center">14 (46,7)</td>
                <td align="center">15 (60,0)</td>
                <td align="center">29 (63,0)</td>
                <td align="center">0,353<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN21">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Idade em anos (m&#233;dia &#177; DP)</td>
                <td align="center">62,6 &#177; 12,0</td>
                <td align="center">66,1<sup>a</sup> &#177; 10,3</td>
                <td align="center">65,0<sup>a</sup> &#177; 13,3</td>
                <td align="center">59,0<sup>b</sup> &#177; 11,6</td>
                <td align="center">0,021<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN22">&#165;</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">ITB (m&#233;dia &#177; DP)</td>
                <td align="center">0,97 &#177; 0,20</td>
                <td align="center">0,96 &#177; 0,26</td>
                <td align="center">0,96 &#177; 0,21</td>
                <td align="center">0,97 &#177; 0,17</td>
                <td align="center">0,996<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN22">&#165;</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Classifica&#231;&#227;o ITB</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Risco leve a moderado</td>
                <td align="center">33 (32,7)</td>
                <td align="center">10 (33,3)</td>
                <td align="center">10 (40,0)</td>
                <td align="center">13 (28,3)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Lim&#237;trofe</td>
                <td align="center">19 (18,8)</td>
                <td align="center">3 (10,0)</td>
                <td align="center">5 (20,0)</td>
                <td align="center">11 (23,9)</td>
                <td align="center">0,653<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN23">&#163;</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Normal</td>
                <td align="center">46 (45,5)</td>
                <td align="center">16 (53,3)</td>
                <td align="center">9 (36,0)</td>
                <td align="center">21 (45,7)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o compress&#237;vel</td>
                <td align="center">3 (3,0)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (3,3)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (4,0)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (2,2)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Doen&#231;a arterial perif&#233;rica</td>
                <td align="center">30 (30,9)</td>
                <td align="center">10 (35,7)</td>
                <td align="center">11 (24,4)</td>
                <td align="center">9 (37,5)</td>
                <td align="center">0,434<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN21">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Escore Syntax (m&#233;dia &#177; DP)</td>
                <td align="center">12,29 &#177; 8,59</td>
                <td align="center">8,37<sup>b</sup> &#177; 8,24</td>
                <td align="center">15,68<sup>a</sup> &#177; 8,16</td>
                <td align="center">13,01<sup>ab</sup> &#177; 8,21</td>
                <td align="center">0,004<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN22">&#165;</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Classifica&#231;&#227;o Syntax</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Baixo risco</td>
                <td align="center">84 (83,2)</td>
                <td align="center">28 (93,3)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN24">**</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">16 (64,0)</td>
                <td align="center">40 (87,0)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Risco intermedi&#225;rio</td>
                <td align="center">16 (15,8)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (6,7)</td>
                <td align="center">9 (36,0)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN24">**</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">5 (10,9)</td>
                <td align="center">0,015<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN23">&#163;</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Alto risco</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1,0)</td>
                <td align="center">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (2,2)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Classifica&#231;&#227;o Syntax isolando zero</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Zero</td>
                <td align="center">12 (11,9)</td>
                <td align="center">8 (26,7)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN24">**</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">3 (6,5)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (4,0)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Baixo risco</td>
                <td align="center">72 (71,3)</td>
                <td align="center">20 (66,7)</td>
                <td align="center">37 (80,4)</td>
                <td align="center">15 (60,0)</td>
                <td align="center">0,004<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN23">&#163;</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Risco intermedi&#225;rio</td>
                <td align="center">16 (15,8)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (6,7)</td>
                <td align="center">5 (10,9)</td>
                <td align="center">9 (36,0)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN24">**</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Alto risco</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1,0)</td>
                <td align="center">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (2,2)</td>
                <td align="center">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tabagismo</td>
                <td align="center">27 (27,0)</td>
                <td align="center">4 (13,3)</td>
                <td align="center">5 (20,0)</td>
                <td align="center">18 (40,0)</td>
                <td align="center">0,093<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN21">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Diabete melito</td>
                <td align="center">33 (45,8)</td>
                <td align="center">12 (46,2)</td>
                <td align="center">10 (55,6)</td>
                <td align="center">11 (39,3)</td>
                <td align="center">0,557<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN21">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica</td>
                <td align="center">74 (82,2)</td>
                <td align="center">26 (89,7)</td>
                <td align="center">18 (85,7)</td>
                <td align="center">30 (75,0)</td>
                <td align="center">0,291<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN23">&#163;</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hist&#243;ria familiar de DAC</td>
                <td align="center">52 (61,9)</td>
                <td align="center">20 (69,0)</td>
                <td align="center">15 (71,4)</td>
                <td align="center">17 (50,0)</td>
                <td align="center">0,177<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN21">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>DAC pr&#233;via</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">45 (50,0)</td>
                <td align="center">21 (77,8)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN24">**</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center">10 (47,6)</td>
                <td align="center">14 (33,3)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN21">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">45 (50,0)</td>
                <td align="center">6 (22,2)</td>
                <td align="center">11 (52,4)</td>
                <td align="center">28 (66,7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Claudica&#231;&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">17 (22,4)</td>
                <td align="center">6 (26,1)</td>
                <td align="center">6 (33,3)</td>
                <td align="center">5 (14,3)</td>
                <td align="center">0,254<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN23">&#163;</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN21">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>Teste Qui-quadrado;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN22">
              <label>&#165;</label>
              <p>Teste ANOVA com Post Hoc de Bonferroni;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN23">
              <label>&#163;</label>
              <p>Teste Exato de Fisher;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN24">
              <label>**</label>
              <p>An&#225;lise de res&#237;duos ajustados. SCA: s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda; AI: angina inst&#225;vel; IAMSSST: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio sem supradesnivelamneto de ST; IAMCSST: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamneto de ST; DP: desvio-padr&#227;o; ITB: &#237;ndice tornozelo-braquial; DAC: doen&#231;a arterial coronariana.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN25">
              <p>Nota: O n&#250;mero de sujeitos com valores perdidos foi 1 para tabagismo, 29 para diabete melito, 11 para hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica, 17 para hist&#243;ria familiar de doen&#231;a arterial coronariana, 11 para doen&#231;a arterial coronariana pr&#233;via, e 25 para o sintoma claudica&#231;&#227;o.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>A DAC pr&#233;via foi mais frequente entre pacientes com AI, enquanto que pacientes sem DAC pr&#233;via sofreram, mais frequentemente, IAMCSST (p = 0,001) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t7">Tabela 3</xref>).</p>
        <p>Ap&#243;s ajustes para idade, tabagismo, hist&#243;ria familiar de DAC e DAC pr&#233;via (vari&#225;veis com p &gt; 0,2 na an&#225;lise univariada e bivariada), somente o ES se manteve associado com SCA para as formas cl&#237;nicas de AI em compara&#231;&#227;o ao IAMSSST [OR (IC 95%): 1,13 (1,02-1,25); p = 0,019] (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t8">Tabela 4</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t8">
          <label>Tabela 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>An&#225;lise multivariada</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
              <col width="14%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" rowspan="3" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Vari&#225;veis</th>
                <th align="center" rowspan="3" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">AI<break/>(M&#233;dia &#177; DP)</th>
                <th align="center" rowspan="3" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">IAMSSST<break/>(M&#233;dia &#177; DP)</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="4" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid;background-color:#C5C6C8">S&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center" colspan="4" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid;background-color:#C5C6C8">AI vs. IAMSSST</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">OR (IC95%)<break/>N&#227;o ajustado</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">p</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">OR (IC95%)<break/>Ajustado<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN27">*</xref>
								</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">ITB</td>
                <td align="center">0,96 &#177; 0,26</td>
                <td align="center">0,96 &#177; 0,21</td>
                <td align="center">1,02 (0,10-10,55)</td>
                <td align="center">0,989</td>
                <td align="center">1,07 (0,03-44,15)</td>
                <td align="center">0,973</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Syntax</td>
                <td align="center">8,37 &#177; 8,24</td>
                <td align="center">15,68 &#177; 8,16</td>
                <td align="center">1,11 (1,03-1,20)</td>
                <td align="center">0,004</td>
                <td align="center">1,13 (1,02-1,25)</td>
                <td align="center">0,019</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN26">
              <p>AI: angina inst&#225;vel; IAMSSST: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio sem supradesn&#237;vel do segmento ST; DP: desvio-padr&#227;o; IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a; ITB: &#237;ndice tornozelo-braquial; Syntax: Escore Syntax.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN27">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>Ajustado para idade, tabagismo, hist&#243;ria familiar de doen&#231;a arterial coronariana e doen&#231;a arterial coronariana pr&#233;via.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Nas combina&#231;&#245;es de AI com IAMCSST, IAMCSST com IAMSSST e AI mais IAMSSST com IAMCSST, ap&#243;s ajustes para idade, hist&#243;ria familiar de DAC e DAC pr&#233;via (vari&#225;veis com p &gt; 0,2 na an&#225;lise univariada e bivariada), o ITB e o ES n&#227;o mantiveram associa&#231;&#227;o com o tipo de apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica do quadro de SCA.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>Os fatores causais da doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica s&#227;o multifatoriais. Quando se consideram os pacientes com SCA, as manifesta&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o: AI, IAMSSST e IAMCSST. A DAP, uma express&#227;o da doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica perif&#233;rica, permite estabelecer uma forma mais grave, definida como fator agravante na estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco cardiovascular de pacientes com risco intermedi&#225;rio.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>
				</p>
        <p>O principal objetivo do estudo foi determinar o valor do ITB em pacientes com SCA e relacionar esse &#237;ndice com a gravidade da les&#227;o coron&#225;ria atrav&#233;s do ES. A rela&#231;&#227;o entre ITB e gravidade de DAC j&#225; foi demonstrada em v&#225;rios estudos, sendo que a maioria foi em pacientes com suspeita de DAC ou DAC est&#225;vel.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref> No ES II, que demonstrou rela&#231;&#227;o negativa entre a presen&#231;a de doen&#231;a vascular perif&#233;rica e ES, n&#227;o estavam presentes pacientes com SCA.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Nosso estudo esperava encontrar um valor de ITB mais baixo quando comparado com o ES mais elevado na SCA. Na nossa amostra, o valor do ITB n&#227;o foi relacionado &#224; complexidade da DAC pelo ES. Encontramos uma correla&#231;&#227;o negativa entre os dois &#237;ndices, por&#233;m sem signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica. Algumas diferen&#231;as entre as metodologias podem nos auxiliar a compreender o resultado diferente do esperado.</p>
        <p>Alguns estudos n&#227;o exclu&#237;ram SCA e poucos foram realizados somente com casos de SCA, ambos demonstraram forte rela&#231;&#227;o negativa entre ITB e ES, evidenciando acometimento coronariano mais grave e/ou complexo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref> No estudo de Korkmaz com 150 pacientes com SCA, foi encontrada forte rela&#231;&#227;o negativa entre os escores, por&#233;m foram exclu&#237;dos os pacientes com IAMCSST al&#233;m daqueles com DAC pr&#233;via.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> Nossa amostra tinha uma maioria de pacientes com IAMCSST e n&#227;o foram exclu&#237;dos aqueles com DAC pr&#233;via. Quando estratificamos as formas de apresenta&#231;&#227;o da SCA, n&#227;o encontramos rela&#231;&#227;o do ES com os casos de IAMCSST, grupo que era maioria na nossa amostra. Por&#233;m, ao comparar o ES de pacientes com IAMSSST e com AI, evidenciamos uma rela&#231;&#227;o do ES intermedi&#225;rio com os casos de IAMSSST e do ES zero com os casos de AI. Esses aspectos podem elucidar o fato de n&#227;o termos tido uma rela&#231;&#227;o negativa significativa de ES e ITB na SCA. No estudo de Benyakorn, com 213 pacientes, que correlacionou o ITB com a gravidade da les&#227;o arterial coron&#225;ria, foram exclu&#237;dos pacientes com SCA e que j&#225; se sabiam portadores de DAP, al&#233;m do fato de usarem o ponto de corte do ITB de 0,7. Eles encontraram forte rela&#231;&#227;o negativa entre ITB e ES.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
				</p>
        <p>No estudo multic&#234;ntrico com 1054 pacientes, que avaliou o impacto da DAP em pacientes com SCA, e que n&#227;o excluiu IAMCSST, foi sugerido que a detec&#231;&#227;o de PAD &#224; beira do leito possa ser uma ferramenta &#250;til para estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco precoce.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>
				</p>
        <p>O baixo poder diagn&#243;stico de DAP baseado em sintomatologia, conhecimento bem estabelecido, foi confirmado em nossa amostra com a utiliza&#231;&#227;o do Question&#225;rio de Edimburgo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> A preval&#234;ncia de DAP na nossa amostra foi 3 vezes maior do que a descrita na popula&#231;&#227;o em geral. Essa evid&#234;ncia salienta que avaliamos pacientes com doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica difusa e que os portadores de DAC s&#227;o mais propensos &#224; DAP; achado semelhante ocorreu no grupo de Korkmaz, onde a frequ&#234;ncia de DAP assintom&#225;tica foi maior.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Apesar de DAP estar fortemente associada a eventos cardiovasculares fatais e n&#227;o fatais,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref> sua gravidade ainda n&#227;o &#233; utilizada para aux&#237;lio na estratifica&#231;&#227;o de complexidade ateroscler&#243;tica coron&#225;ria. Estudos que compararam o valor do ITB com a gravidade da DAC est&#225;vel encontraram rela&#231;&#227;o negativa entre eles, assim como os estudos em SCA.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref> Na compara&#231;&#227;o dos nossos achados com os de outros estudos na SCA, a frequ&#234;ncia de pacientes com IAMCSST foi o achado mais discrepante, pois t&#237;nhamos uma preval&#234;ncia maior de IAMCSST, o que pode explicar a diferen&#231;a nos resultados. Apesar disso, parece que a rela&#231;&#227;o inversa entre esses &#237;ndices est&#225; presente e se repete de forma significativa em v&#225;rios estudos, mesmo com as diferentes metodologias utilizadas.</p>
        <p>O diagn&#243;stico de DAP, assim como a sua express&#227;o de gravidade, em pacientes com SCA ainda carece de melhor defini&#231;&#227;o para auxiliar na estratifica&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a coronariana grave e/ou complexa, para permitir melhor conduta a ser seguida quando avaliarmos um paciente com DAC e DAP. No estudo randomizado, para avaliar o tempo de dupla antiagrega&#231;&#227;o plaquet&#225;ria (DAPT) em pacientes com e sem DAP, que foram submetidos &#224; interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea (ICP), verificou-se que pacientes com DAC est&#225;vel ou com SCA apresentaram pior progn&#243;stico ap&#243;s a ICP quando portadores de DAP, necessitando maior tempo de DAPT.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref> Esse estudo corrobora a import&#226;ncia do diagn&#243;stico de DAP em pacientes com DAC submetidos &#224; interven&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        <p>As v&#225;rias formas de estratifica&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica dos pacientes com SCA relacionam-se com gravidade hemodin&#226;mica, risco de morte e eventos cardiovasculares maiores, como o escore de risco GRACE (<italic>Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events</italic>). Ainda n&#227;o dispomos de escores cl&#237;nicos definitivos que nos auxiliem a avaliar o risco da complexidade da DAC encontrada em pacientes com SCA.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo</title>
          <p>No nosso estudo, valorizamos somente a apresenta&#231;&#227;o anat&#244;mica das les&#245;es coron&#225;rias e buscamos relacionar com o ITB. Talvez, uma compara&#231;&#227;o da complexidade do acometimento anat&#244;mico e funcional dessas duas formas de apresenta&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica encontre uma rela&#231;&#227;o negativa mais exuberante nos pacientes com SCA.</p>
          <p>N&#227;o realizamos avalia&#231;&#227;o do acometimento funcional do mioc&#225;rdio, pois eram pacientes com SCA segundo crit&#233;rios diagn&#243;sticos definidos pelas diretrizes.</p>
          <p>Nossa amostra foi limitada para a realiza&#231;&#227;o desse trabalho inicial, mas uma amostra maior, em estudos futuros, poder&#225; estabelecer uma melhor rela&#231;&#227;o entre ITB e ES em pacientes com SCA e contribuir para a estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco cardiovascular desses pacientes.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
        <p>Nosso estudo demonstrou que os pacientes com ITB &lt; 0,9 n&#227;o apresentaram associa&#231;&#227;o com maior complexidade determinada pelo ES em pacientes com SCA. Tamb&#233;m analisamos que os pacientes com IAMSSST estiveram mais associados com ES intermedi&#225;rio.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este artigo &#233; parte de disserta&#231;&#227;o de Mestrado de Andrea Mabilde Petracco pela Faculdade de Medicina da PUCRS.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#201;tica e consentimento informado</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa da Faculdade de Medicina da Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo 1.316.041. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes inclu&#237;dos no estudo.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
