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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ijcs</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Int. J. Cardiovasc. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2359-4802</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2359-5647</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">gzKtbFBdfTqqFng6z6N87xf</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S2359-56472018000100026</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/2359-4802.20170087</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Comparison of Anatomical and Clinical Scores in Predicting Outcomes in Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pivatto</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando</given-names>
            <suffix>J&#250;nior</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ara&#250;jo</surname>
            <given-names>Gustavo Neves de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Valle</surname>
            <given-names>Felipe Homem</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bergoli</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Carlos Corsetti</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Machado</surname>
            <given-names>Guilherme Pinheiro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>F&#252;hr</surname>
            <given-names>Bruno</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cassol</surname>
            <given-names>Elvis Pellin</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Krepsky</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Maria Rocha</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Wainstein</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo Vugman</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Wainstein</surname>
            <given-names>Marco Vugman</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Fernando Pivatto J&#250;nior</bold>, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2.350, sala 700, PostaL Code 90.035-903, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil. E-mail: <email>fpivatto@gmail.com</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Pivatto Junior F, Bergoli LCC, Wainstein MV. Acquisition of data: Pivatto Junior F, Araujo GN, Valle FH, Bergoli LCC, Machado GP, Fuhr B, Cassol EP, Krepsky AMR. Analysis and interpretation of the data: Pivatto Junior F, Wainstein RV, Wainstein MV. Statistical analysis: Pivatto Junior F. Writing of the manuscript: Pivatto Junior F. Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Pivatto Junior F, Araujo GN, Valle FH, Bergoli LCC, Machado GP, Fuhr B, Cassol EP, Krepsky AMR, Wainstein RV, Wainstein MV. Supervision / as the major investigador: Pivatto Junior F.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>23</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2017</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <season>Jan-Feb</season>
        <year>2018</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>31</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>26</fpage>
      <lpage>32</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>07</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>Different scores based on anatomical and/or clinical features have been developed for risk stratification of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Studies comparing the ability of these different models in predicting major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in patients submitted to primary PCI are limited.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectives:</title>
          <p>The aim of this study was to compare the ability of the scores SYNTAX (SS), Clinical SYNTAX (CSS), ACEF, and modified ACEF (ACEF<sub>Mod</sub>) to predict MACCE in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) submitted to primary PCI.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>We analyzed 311 consecutive patients with STEMI submitted to primary PCI between April/2011 and December/2015. The area under the ROC curve was calculated to evaluate the ability of these scores in predicting MACCE. P-values were considered significant at &lt; 0.05.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>Mean age of the patients was 60.2 &#177; 12.0 years, 35.4% were females, and 22.5% had diabetes. MACCE occurred in 23.8% of the patients. The area under the ROC curve was 0.586 (p = 0.028) for ACEF, 0.616 (p = 0.003) for SS, 0.623 (p = 0.002) for ACEF<sub>Mod</sub>, and 0.658 (p &lt; 0.001) for CSS. In multivariate analysis, only high SS (p = 0.011) and CSS (p = 0.002) were independent predictors of MACCE.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusions:</title>
          <p>High SS and CSS were independent predictors of MACCE. In our cohort of STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI, pure anatomical SS calculated at the baseline coronary angiography was a useful tool to predict MACCE. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2017; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Myocardial Infarction</kwd>
        <kwd>Percutaneous Coronary Intervention</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Artery Disease</kwd>
        <kwd>Probability</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>Different scores based on anatomical and/or clinical features have been developed for risk stratification of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, studies comparing the ability of these different models to predict cardiac events in patients submitted to primary PCI are limited.</p>
      <p>The SYNTAX (Synergy between PCI with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery) score (SS)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> was developed as part of the SYNTAX<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> trial with the objective of characterizing and objectively quantifying the severity and extent of coronary artery disease.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> SS is broadly used to stratify the outcomes of elective PCI in left main and multivessel coronary intervention when compared with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Recent studies have utilized this tool to stratify outcomes after primary PCI but are limited by short duration of follow-up or small numbers of patients.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Age, creatinine and ejection fraction (ACEF)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> score appears to be equivalent to more complex scores in predicting mortality in patients undergoing elective CABG. This score has also been applied in patients submitted to PCI to stratify risk of mortality and myocardial infarction (MI).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> Modified ACEF score (ACEF<sub>Mod</sub>) considers creatinine clearance (CrCl) as a semicontinuous variable, representing a better estimate of the underlying renal function compared with serum creatinine. This modification improves the predictive accuracy of ACEF in patients undergoing PCI.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Combining clinical and anatomical variables in the same score provides a better performance in risk stratification.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> The Clinical SYNTAX score (CSS) incorporates ACEF<sub>Mod</sub> to SS and is able to predict major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in patients with complex coronary artery disease.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> However, limited number of studies have evaluated the role of this score in patients undergoing PCI.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Risk stratification is a relevant issue in patients undergoing PCI after MI.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>The aim of this study was to compare SS, CSS, ACEF, and ACEF<sub>Mod</sub> in predicting MACCE in patients with ST-elevation MI (STEMI) undergoing primary PCI.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Methods</title>
      <p>This cohort study included consecutive patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI between April/2011 and December/2015 in a tertiary university hospital in southern Brazil. STEMI was defined as a typical chest pain at rest associated with ST-segment elevation of at least 1 mm in two contiguous leads in the frontal plane or 2 mm in the horizontal plane, or typical pain at rest in patients with a new, or presumably new, left bundle-branch block. Exclusion criteria were previous CABG (excluded in the SYNTAX trial<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>), absence of admission laboratory testing or echocardiogram, and lack of 30-day follow-up. The study was approved by the institution's Research and Ethics Committee and informed consent was obtained from all patients.</p>
      <p>All patients were pretreated with a loading dose of acetylsalicylic acid (300 mg) and clopidogrel (600 mg). Unfractioned heparin was used during the procedure (70-100 IU/kg). Use of IIb/IIIa glycoprotein, aspirative thrombectomy, and PCI technical strategies (<italic>i.e.,</italic> predilation, direct stent placement, postdilation) were performed according to the operator's choice. Coronary flow before and after the procedure was assessed and described according to the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) criteria.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> Anticoagulants were suspended after the end of the procedure, and double antiplatelet therapy was recommended for 12 months after the event.</p>
      <p>SS was derived from the sum of individual scores for each separate lesion (defined as &gt; 50% stenosis in vessels &gt; 1.5 mm). Full details on the SS calculation are reported elsewhere.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> ACEF was computed as follows: (age/left ventricle ejection fraction) + 1 if serum creatinine value was &gt; 2 mg/dL.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> In ACEF<sub>Mod</sub>, 1 point was added for every 10 mL/min reduction in CrCl &lt; 60 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> (up to a maximum of 6 points).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> Therefore, a CrCl between 50 to 59 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>, 40 to 49 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>, and 30 to 39 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> would receive 1, 2, and 3 points, respectively. CSS was calculated retrospectively for each patient using the following formula: CSS = SS x ACEF<sub>Mod</sub>.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> We determined cutoff values for the scores above to define them as low or high risk. These cutoff values were obtained by multiplying sensitivity and specificity of each value within the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve of the different scores; the value with the highest product (sensitivity X specificity) was established as the cutoff point.</p>
      <p>Blood samples were collected by venipuncture before the procedure, as part of routine patient care. CrCl was estimated according to the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was determined before patient discharge using transthoracic echocardiography and applying either Simpson (in the presence of segmental dysfunction) or Teicholz method.</p>
      <p>Clinical follow-up was performed with either outpatient visit or telephone contact. MACCEs were defined as death from all cause, new MI, stroke, Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) class III/IV angina, or rehospitalization for congestive heart failure 30 days after the primary PCI. New MI was defined as recurrent chest pain with ST-segment elevation or new Q waves and increase in serum biomarkers after their initial decrease. Stroke was defined as a new, sudden-onset focal neurological deficit of presumably cerebrovascular cause, irreversible (or resulting in death), and not caused by other readily identifiable causes.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Statistical analysis</title>
        <p>Continuous variables are expressed as mean (&#177; standard deviation) or median (interquartile range). Categorical variables are represented by relative and absolute frequencies. ROC curves were used to evaluate the discriminatory power of the different scores. Comparison of ROC curves was performed by DeLong test using the software R, version 3.1.2. Patients groups were compared using independent samples Student's <italic>t</italic> test (for normally distributed variable) or Mann-Whitney U test (for other variables) for continuous variables and &#967;<sup>2</sup> test or Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables. Multivariate analysis was performed by multiple logistic regression. P-values were considered significant at &lt; 0.05. Data were analyzed using <italic>Statistical</italic> Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 18.0.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <p>We included 311 (78.3%) of the 397 patients who underwent primary PCI for STEMI in the analyzed period. Mean age was 60.2 &#177; 12.0 years, 35.4% were women, and 22.5% had diabetes. LVEF was &lt; 40% in 18.3%, and estimated CrCl was &lt; 60 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> in 21.9% of the patients. Complete demographic data are described in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Table 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Demographic data</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="50%"/>
            <col width="50%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Variable</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">n = 311</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Age (years)</td>
              <td align="center">60.2 &#177; 12.0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Female sex</td>
              <td align="center">110 (35.4)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Hypertension</td>
              <td align="center">196 (63.0)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Diabetes</td>
              <td align="center">70 (22.5)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Current smoking</td>
              <td align="center">161 (51.8)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Previous MI</td>
              <td align="center">27 (8.7)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Previous stroke</td>
              <td align="center">20 (6.4)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Killip 3 or 4</td>
              <td align="center">35 (11.3)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Creatinine &gt; 2 mg/dL</td>
              <td align="center">12 (3.9)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Previous ASA use</td>
              <td align="center">70 (22.5)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">LVEF (%)</td>
              <td align="center">50.9 &#177; 13.1</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">SYNTAX score</td>
              <td align="center">15.5 (10.0-21.5)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Clinical SYNTAX score</td>
              <td align="center">19.0 (10.0-35.7)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">ACEF score</td>
              <td align="center">1.19 (0.94-1.55)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Modified ACEF score</td>
              <td align="center">1.21 (0.95-1.88)</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN1">
            <p>Abbreviations: MI: myocardial infarction; ASA: acetylsalicylic acid; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction. Data are presented as number (%), mean (&#177; standard deviation) or median (interquartile range).</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>Complete procedure-related data are shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>. The incidence of MACCE at 30 days was 23.8%, as detailed in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 3</xref>.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t2">
        <label>Table 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Procedural data</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="50%"/>
            <col width="50%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr style="border-bottom:hidden">
              <th align="left">Variable</th>
              <th align="center">n = 311</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Pain-to-door time (hours)</td>
              <td align="center">4 (3.00-6.75)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Door-to-balloon time(minutes)</td>
              <td align="center">68 (55.0-90.0)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Cardiac arrest</td>
              <td align="center">24 (7.7)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Total AV block</td>
              <td align="center">20 (6.4)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">IABP</td>
              <td align="center">10 (3.2)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Radial access</td>
              <td align="center">178 (57.2)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Anterior MI</td>
              <td align="center">140 (45.0)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">
                <bold>Culprit vessel</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">LAD artery</td>
              <td align="center">131 (42.1)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Right coronary artery</td>
              <td align="center">112 (36.0)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Circumflex artery</td>
              <td align="center">38 (12.2)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Other vessels</td>
              <td align="center">30 (9.7)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Three-vessel disease</td>
              <td align="center">63 (20.3)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Thrombus aspiration</td>
              <td align="center">115 (37.0)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">DES</td>
              <td align="center">12 (3.9)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Postprocedural TIMI 3</td>
              <td align="center">277 (89.1)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Abciximab use</td>
              <td align="center">134 (43.1)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Contrast volume (mL)</td>
              <td align="center">180 (150-250)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Implanted stents</td>
              <td align="center">1.29 &#177; 0.68</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Treated lesions</td>
              <td align="center">1.19 &#177; 0.52</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN2">
            <p>Abbreviations: AV: atrioventricular; IABP: intraaortic balloon pump; MI: myocardial infarction; LAD: left anterior descending; DES: drug&#8209;eluting stent; TIMI: Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction. Data are presented as number (%), mean (&#177; standard deviation) or median (interquartile range).</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <table-wrap id="t3">
        <label>Table 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>In-hospital and 30-day MACCE</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="50%"/>
            <col width="50%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">MACCE</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">n (%)</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">In-hospital death</td>
              <td align="center">31 (9.3)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">In-hospital reinfarction</td>
              <td align="center">9 (2.7)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Stent thrombosis</td>
              <td align="center">6 (1.8)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">In-hospital stroke</td>
              <td align="center">4 (1.2)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">30-day death</td>
              <td align="center">35 (10.5)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">30-day CCS 3-4 angina</td>
              <td align="center">17 (5.1)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">30-day rehospitalization for CHF</td>
              <td align="center">14 (4.2)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">30-day reinfarction</td>
              <td align="center">13 (3.9)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">30-day stroke</td>
              <td align="center">5 (1.5)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">30-day MACCE</td>
              <td align="center">74 (23.8)</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN3">
            <p>Abbreviations: MACCE: major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events; CCS: Canadian Cardiovascular Society; CHF: congestive heart failure. Data are presented as number (%).</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>ROC curves are presented in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>. All curves were statistically significant, and the CSS curve had the largest area under the curve (AUC): CSS &gt; ACEF<sub>Mod</sub> &gt; SS &gt; ACEF. However, when the AUCs were compared two-by-two with DeLong test, there was no statistically significant differences, except in the comparison of ACEF <italic>versus</italic> CSS (p = 0.02) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref>).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f1">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Abbreviations: AUC: area under the curve; CI: confidence interval.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="2359-5647-ijcs-31-01-0026-70087-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f2">
          <label>Figure 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>P-values (DeLong test) for two-by-two comparisons of the areas under the curve (AUCs) among prediction scores.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="2359-5647-ijcs-31-01-0026-70087-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>Univariate analysis of MACCE according to high or low risk score values (cutoff point determination previously described in the Methods section) showed that high-risk CCS, SS, ACEF, and ACEF<sub>Mod</sub> were significantly associated with higher MACCE rates (p &lt; 0.001, p &lt; 0.001, p &lt; 0.002, and p &lt; 0.040, respectively). Other clinical variables associated with MACCE in univariate analysis were age &gt; 65 years (p = 0.007), female sex (p = 0.041), Killip 3 or 4 (p &lt; 0.001), and postprocedural TIMI 0-2 (p = 0.006). When adjusted by these variables, only SS and CSS remained independent predictors of MACCE (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Table 4</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t4">
        <label>Table 4</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Multivariate analysis of the incidence of MACCE according to high or low score values</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="16%"/>
            <col width="16%"/>
            <col width="16%"/>
            <col width="16%"/>
            <col width="16%"/>
            <col width="16%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Scores</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">n</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">MACCE n (%)</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">p-value</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Adjusted OR (95% CI)</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Adjusted p-value</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" rowspan="2">SYNTAX &#8805; 18.25</td>
              <td align="center">Yes: 116</td>
              <td align="center">39 (33.6)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.002</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">2.11 (1.19-3.74) <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.011<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">No: 190</td>
              <td align="center">33 (17.4)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" rowspan="2">Clinical SYNTAX &#8805; 26.0</td>
              <td align="center">Yes: 115</td>
              <td align="center">43 (37.4)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">&lt; 0.001</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">2.49 (1.39-4.44)<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">&#8224;</xref></sup></td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.002<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">&#8224;</xref></sup></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">No: 162</td>
              <td align="center">29 (15.2)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" rowspan="2">ACEF &#8805; 1.235</td>
              <td align="center">Yes: 138</td>
              <td align="center">41 (29.7)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.040</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">1.35 (0.77-2.37)<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">&#8224;</xref></sup></td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.297<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">&#8224;</xref></sup></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">No: 173</td>
              <td align="center">33 (19.1)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" rowspan="2">Modified ACEF &#8805; 1.505</td>
              <td align="center">Yes: 107</td>
              <td align="center">38 (35.5)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.001</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">1.35 (0.77-2.37)<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">&#8224;</xref></sup></td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.079<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">&#8224;</xref></sup></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">No: 204</td>
              <td align="center">36 (17.6)</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN4">
            <p>Abbreviations: OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN5">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>Adjusted for age &gt; 65 years, female sex, Killip 3 or 4, and postprocedural TIMI 0-2.</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN6">
            <label>&#8224;</label>
            <p>Adjusted for female sex, Killip 3 or 4, and postprocedural TIMI 0-2.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>We assessed in the present study the ability of SS, CSS, ACEF, and ACEF<sub>Mod</sub> in predicting MACCE in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI. Our data showed that CSS had the largest AUC; however, when compared two-by-two, the AUC for CSS was only statistically larger than that for ACEF. When we divided the scores between low and high risk, high-risk SS and CSS emerged as independent MACCE predictors; high-risk ACEF and ACEF<sub>Mod</sub> were predictors of MACCE in univariate analysis, but this association was lost after adjustment for clinical variables.</p>
      <p>The prognostic value of the ACEF score in patients who underwent PCI after acute MI was assessed by Lee et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> who analyzed 12,000 patients in this setting. The ACEF was significantly higher in nonsurvivors (1.95 &#177; 0.82 <italic>versus</italic> 1.28 &#177; 0.50, p &lt; 0.001) and was an independent predictor of 1-year mortality (HR, p &lt; 0.001). Capodanno et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> have demonstrated that including CrCl (calculated either by MDRD or Cockcroft-Gault) in ACEF yields superior calibration compared with the original serum creatinine-based equation, and improves the predictive accuracy of ACEF in patients undergoing PCI. In our analysis, despite having a larger area under the ROC curve compared with ACEF and SS, ACEF<sub>Mod</sub> was not an independent predictor MACCE.</p>
      <p>The use of SS, originally developed in patients with stable coronary disease, has also been evaluated in acute coronary syndromes for outcome prediction.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> In a study including 807 patients with STEMI, Garg et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> identified SS as an independent predictor of mortality, MACCE, and stent thrombosis up to a 1-year follow-up. However, it is important to highlight that the study was not performed aiming to define cutoff points for the analyzed scores to predict MACCE, but only to define the relationship of SS with MACCE occurrence. The same author showed an improvement in the ability of the SS to predict MACCE and mortality in patients undergoing PCI by combining SS and ACEF<sub>Mod</sub>, (CSS).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> This improvement was also observed in the present study.</p>
      <p>The use of CSS in patients with STEMI was evaluated in two studies,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> which showed an improved outcome prediction accuracy compared with SS. Cetinkal et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> recently evaluated 433 patients in this setting with the objective of validating CSS as a predictor of prognosis, and also evaluated SS and ACEF. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality, MI, and cerebrovascular events, with a follow-up of 15 months. CSS &gt; 26 was identified as an independent predictor of events. The AUC was 0.66 (p &lt; 0.001), 0.59 (p = 0.01), and 0.64 (p &lt; 0.001) for CSS, SS, and ACEF, respectively. However, all cases were performed by femoral access and there was an extremely low mortality in patients with low/moderate CSS (one death over 285 patients in a 15-month follow-up), which jeopardizes the external validity of the study.</p>
      <p>Girasis et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>analyzed 848 patients undergoing PCI with drug-eluting stents (only 25.3% were patients with STEMI) and demonstrated that both SS and CSS were able to stratify risk of very long-term adverse clinical outcomes. The AUC for the incidence of MACCE was 0.61 (95% CI: 0.56-0.65) and 0.62 (95% CI: 0.57-0.67), respectively. Nevertheless, it is important to highlight the small proportion of patients with STEMI and the lower anatomical complexity compared with our patients [median SS 10.0 (6-16) <italic>versus</italic> 15.5 (10.0-21.5) in the present study]. Also of note, use of drug-eluting stent in all STEMI patients is a distant reality in developing countries.</p>
      <p>There are some limitations in our study. First, the retrospective design may have influenced the quality and consistency of the collected data. Second, the relatively small number of patients may have reduced the power of the study to detect some associations. Third, the fact that the study was conducted at a single center may also be considered a limitation.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusion</title>
      <p>SS and CSS were independent MACCE predictors in this study. In our cohort of primary PCI in patients with STEMI, pure anatomical SS calculated at baseline coronary angiography was a useful tool in predicting short-term MACCE.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Ethics approval and consent to participate</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the do Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) under the protocol number 15-0557. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigos</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Compara&#231;&#227;o de Escores Anat&#244;micos e Cl&#237;nicos na Predi&#231;&#227;o de Desfechos em Interven&#231;&#245;es Coronarianas Percut&#226;neas Prim&#225;rias</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pivatto</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando</given-names>
            <suffix>J&#250;nior</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ara&#250;jo</surname>
            <given-names>Gustavo Neves de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Valle</surname>
            <given-names>Felipe Homem</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bergoli</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Carlos Corsetti</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Machado</surname>
            <given-names>Guilherme Pinheiro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>F&#252;hr</surname>
            <given-names>Bruno</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cassol</surname>
            <given-names>Elvis Pellin</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Krepsky</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Maria Rocha</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Wainstein</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo Vugman</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Wainstein</surname>
            <given-names>Marco Vugman</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Fernando Pivatto J&#250;nior</bold>, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2.350, sala 700, CEP 90.035-903, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil. E-mail: <email>fpivatto@gmail.com</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Pivatto Junior F, Bergoli LCC, Wainstein MV. Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Pivatto Junior F, Araujo GN, Valle FH, Bergoli LCC, Machado GP, Fuhr B, Cassol EP, Krepsky AMR. An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Pivatto Junior F, Wainstein RV, Wainstein MV. An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Pivatto Junior F. Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Pivatto Junior F. Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Pivatto Junior F, Araujo GN, Valle FH, Bergoli LCC, Machado GP, Fuhr B, Cassol EP, Krepsky AMR, Wainstein RV, Wainstein MV. Supervis&#227;o / como investigador principal: Pivatto Junior F.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>Diferentes escores baseados em vari&#225;veis anat&#244;micas e/ou cl&#237;nicas t&#234;m sido desenvolvidos para estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco em pacientes submetidos &#224; interven&#231;&#227;o coronariana percut&#226;nea (ICP). Estudos comparando a capacidade desses modelos na predi&#231;&#227;o de eventos card&#237;acos e cerebrovasculares adversos maiores (ECCAM) em pacientes submetidos &#224; ICP prim&#225;ria s&#227;o escassos.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>O objetivo desse estudo foi o de comparar os escores SYNTAX (SS), Clinical SYNTAX (CSS), ACEF e ACEF modificado (ACEF<sub>Mod</sub>) na predi&#231;&#227;o de ECCAM em pacientes com infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdico com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMCSST) submetidos &#224; ICP prim&#225;ria.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>Foram analisados 311 pacientes consecutivos com IAMCSST submetidos a ICP prim&#225;ria entre abril/2011 e dezembro/2015. As &#225;reas sob a curva caracter&#237;stica de opera&#231;&#227;o do receptor (ROC) foram calculadas para avaliar a habilidade desses escores em predizer ECCAM. O n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia adotado em todos os testes foi de 5%.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>Os pacientes apresentaram idade m&#233;dia de 60,2 &#177; 12,0 anos, 35,4% eram do sexo feminino e 22,5% eram diab&#233;ticos. A ocorr&#234;ncia de ECCAM foi observada em 23,8% dos participantes. A &#225;rea sob a curva ROC foi 0,586 (p = 0,028) para ACEF, 0,616 (p = 0,003) para SS, 0,623 (p = 0,002) para ACEF<sub>Mod</sub> e 0,658 (p &lt; 0,001) para CSS. Na an&#225;lise multivariada, apenas SS (p = 0,011) e CSS (p = 0,002) foram preditores independentes de ECCAM.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#245;es:</title>
          <p>SS e CSS elevados foram preditores independentes de ECCAM. Em nossa coorte de pacientes com IAMCSST submetidos &#224; ICP prim&#225;ria, o SS calculado &#224; cineangiocoronariografia inicial mostrou-se uma ferramenta &#250;til para predizer ECCAM. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2017; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio</kwd>
        <kwd>Interven&#231;&#227;o Coron&#225;ria Percut&#226;nea</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a da Art&#233;ria Coronariana</kwd>
        <kwd>Probabilidade.</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>Diferentes escores baseados em caracter&#237;sticas anat&#244;micas e/ou cl&#237;nicas foram desenvolvidos para estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco em pacientes submetidos &#224; interven&#231;&#227;o coronariana percut&#226;nea (ICP). No entanto, estudos comparando a habilidade desses diferentes modelos em predizer eventos card&#237;acos em pacientes submetidos &#224; ICP prim&#225;ria s&#227;o escassos.</p>
        <p>O escore SYNTAX (<italic>Synergy between PCI with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery</italic>; SS)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>) foi desenvolvido como parte do ensaio cl&#237;nico SYNTAX<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> com o objetivo de caracterizar e quantificar objetivamente a gravidade e extens&#227;o da doen&#231;a arterial coronariana.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> O SS &#233; amplamente utilizado para estratificar os resultados de ICP eletiva na interven&#231;&#227;o no tronco da coron&#225;ria esquerda e multiarterial quando comparada &#224; cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio (CRM). Estudos recentes t&#234;m utilizado esta ferramenta para estratificar os desfechos ap&#243;s ICP prim&#225;ria, mas s&#227;o limitados pela curta dura&#231;&#227;o do seguimento ou pequeno n&#250;mero de pacientes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
				</p>
        <p>O escore idade, creatinina e fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o (<italic>age, creatinine and ejection fraction</italic>; ACEF)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>) parece ser equivalente a escores mais complexos na predi&#231;&#227;o de mortalidade em pacientes submetidos &#224; CRM eletiva. Esse escore tem sido tamb&#233;m aplicado em pacientes submetidos &#224; ICP para estratificar o risco de mortalidade e infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio (IAM).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> O escore ACEF modificado (ACEF<sub>Mod</sub>) leva em considera&#231;&#227;o o <italic>clearance</italic> de creatinina (ClCr) como uma vari&#225;vel semicont&#237;nua, representando uma melhor estimativa da fun&#231;&#227;o renal subjacente quando comparado &#224; creatinina s&#233;rica. Essa modifica&#231;&#227;o melhora a acur&#225;cia preditiva do ACEF em pacientes submetidos &#224; ICP.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A combina&#231;&#227;o de vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas e anat&#244;micas em um mesmo escore proporciona um melhor desempenho na estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> O escore <italic>Clinical</italic> SYNTAX (CSS) incorpora o ACEF<sub>Mod</sub> e o SS e &#233; capaz de predizer eventos card&#237;acos e cerebrovasculares adversos maiores (ECCAM) e mortalidade em pacientes com doen&#231;a arterial coronariana complexa.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> No entanto, h&#225; apenas um n&#250;mero limitado de estudos avaliando o papel desse escore em pacientes submetidos &#224; ICP.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco &#233; uma quest&#227;o relevante em pacientes submetidos a ICP ap&#243;s IAM.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>) O objetivo do presente estudo foi o de comparar o SS, CSS, ACEF e ACEF<sub>Mod</sub> na predi&#231;&#227;o de ECCAM em pacientes com IAM com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMCSST) submetidos &#224; ICP prim&#225;ria.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#233;todos</title>
        <p>Este estudo de coorte incluiu pacientes consecutivos com IAMCSST submetidos &#224; ICP prim&#225;ria entre abril/2011 e dezembro/2015 em um hospital universit&#225;rio terci&#225;rio no sul do Brasil. A ocorr&#234;ncia de IAMCSST foi definida como dor tor&#225;cica t&#237;pica em repouso, associada a supradesnivelamento do segmento ST de pelo menos 1 mm em duas deriva&#231;&#245;es cont&#237;guas no plano frontal ou 2 mm no plano horizontal, ou dor t&#237;pica em repouso em pacientes com um novo ou presumidamente novo bloqueio de ramo esquerdo. Os crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o foram CRM pr&#233;via (exclu&#237;da no ensaio cl&#237;nico SYNTAX<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>), aus&#234;ncia de testes laboratoriais ou ecocardiograma e falta de seguimento em 30 dias. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica e Pesquisa da institui&#231;&#227;o e consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os pacientes.</p>
        <p>Todos os pacientes foram tratados com uma dose de ataque de &#225;cido acetilsalic&#237;lico (300 mg) e clopidogrel (600 mg). Heparina n&#227;o fracionada foi utilizada durante o procedimento (70-100 UI/kg). A utiliza&#231;&#227;o da glicoprote&#237;na IIb/IIIa, trombectomia aspirativa e estrat&#233;gias t&#233;cnicas de ICP (ou seja, pr&#233;-dilata&#231;&#227;o, coloca&#231;&#227;o direta do <italic>stent</italic>, p&#243;s-dilata&#231;&#227;o) foram realizadas de acordo com escolha do operador. O fluxo coronariano antes e ap&#243;s o procedimento foi avaliado e descrito de acordo com os crit&#233;rios <italic>Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction</italic> (TIMI).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> Anticoagulantes foram suspensos ap&#243;s o t&#233;rmino do procedimento e terapia antiplaquet&#225;ria dupla foi recomendada por 12 meses ap&#243;s o evento.</p>
        <p>O SS foi derivado da soma dos escores individuais para cada les&#227;o separadamente (definida como estenose &gt; 50% em vasos &gt; 1,5 mm). Detalhes completos sobre o c&#225;lculo do SS j&#225; foram relatados anteriormente.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> O escore ACEF foi calculado com a f&#243;rmula (idade/fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo) + 1 se o valor da creatinina s&#233;rica era &gt; 2 mg/dL.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> Para o ACEF<sub>Mod</sub>, 1 ponto foi adicionado para cada 10 mL/min de redu&#231;&#227;o no CrCl &lt; 60 mL/min/ 1,73 m<sup>2</sup> (at&#233; um m&#225;ximo de 6 pontos).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> Portanto, um ClCr entre 50 e 59 mL/min/1,73 m<sup>2</sup>, 40 a 49 mL/min/ 1,73 m<sup>2</sup> e 30 a 39 mL/min/1,73 m<sup>2</sup> recebeu 1, 2 e 3 pontos, respectivamente. O CSS foi calculado retrospectivamente para cada paciente com a seguinte f&#243;rmula: CSS = SS x ACEF<sub>Mod</sub>.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> Valores de corte para os escores acima foram determinados para defini-los como de baixo ou alto risco. Esses pontos de corte foram obtidos multiplicando-se a sensibilidade e a especificidade de cada valor dentro da curva ROC dos diferentes receptor (ROC) de diferentes escores; o valor com o maior produto (sensibilidade X especificidade) foi estabelecido como o ponto de corte.</p>
        <p>Amostras de sangue foram colhidas por pun&#231;&#227;o venosa antes do procedimento, como parte da rotina de atendimento ao paciente. O ClCr inicial foi estimado de acordo com a equa&#231;&#227;o <italic>Modification of Diet in Renal Disease</italic> (MDRD). A fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (FEVE) foi determinada antes da alta hospitalar do paciente atrav&#233;s de ecocardiografia transtor&#225;cica e aplica&#231;&#227;o do m&#233;todo de Simpson (na presen&#231;a de disfun&#231;&#227;o segmentar) ou de Teicholz.</p>
        <p>O seguimento cl&#237;nico foi realizado a partir da consulta ambulatorial ou do contato telef&#244;nico. ECCAM foram definidos como morte por todas as causas, novo IAM, acidente vascular cerebral (AVC), angina classe III/IV pela <italic>Canadian Cardiovascular Society</italic> (CCS) ou reinterna&#231;&#227;o por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva 30 dias ap&#243;s a ICP prim&#225;ria. Novo IAM foi definido como dor tor&#225;cica recorrente com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST ou nova onda Q e eleva&#231;&#227;o de biomarcadores s&#233;ricos ap&#243;s redu&#231;&#227;o inicial. AVC foi definido como uma nova instala&#231;&#227;o s&#250;bita de d&#233;ficit neurol&#243;gico focal, de causa presumivelmente vascular, irrevers&#237;vel (ou que resultasse em morte) e n&#227;o ocasionada por outras causas facilmente identific&#225;veis.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
          <p>As vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foram expressas como m&#233;dia (&#177; desvio padr&#227;o) ou mediana (intervalo interquartil). As vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas est&#227;o representadas por frequ&#234;ncias relativas e absolutas. Curvas ROC foram utilizadas para avaliar o poder discriminat&#243;rio dos diferentes escores. Compara&#231;&#227;o entre as curvas ROC foi realizada pelo teste de DeLong com utiliza&#231;&#227;o do programa R, vers&#227;o 3.1.2. Os grupos de pacientes foram comparados com uso do teste <italic>t</italic> de Student (para vari&#225;veis com distribui&#231;&#227;o normal) ou teste U de Mann-Whitney para as vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas e o teste &#967;<sup>2</sup> ou exato de Fisher para vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas. Foi realizada an&#225;lise multivariada por regress&#227;o log&#237;stica m&#250;ltipla. Foram considerados significativos os valores de p &lt; 0,05. Os dados foram analisados com utiliza&#231;&#227;o do <italic>Statistical</italic>
						<italic>Package for the Social Sciences</italic> (SPSS), vers&#227;o 18.0.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <p>Foram inclu&#237;dos 311 (78,3%) dos 397 pacientes submetidos &#224; ICP prim&#225;ria por IAMCSST no per&#237;odo analisado. A m&#233;dia de idade foi de 60,2 &#177; 12,0 anos, 35,4% eram mulheres e 22,5% apresentavam diabetes. A FEVE foi &lt; 40% em 18,3% e o ClCr estimado esteve &lt; 60 mL/min/1,73 m<sup>2</sup>) em 21,9% dos pacientes. Os dados demogr&#225;ficos completos est&#227;o descritos na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Tabela 1</xref>.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t5">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Dados demogr&#225;ficos</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="50%"/>
              <col width="50%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Vari&#225;vel</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">n = 311</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Idade (anos)</td>
                <td align="center">60,2 &#177; 12,0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sexo feminino</td>
                <td align="center">110 (35,4)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hipertens&#227;o arterial</td>
                <td align="center">196 (63,0)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Diabetes</td>
                <td align="center">70 (22,5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tabagismo atual</td>
                <td align="center">161 (51,8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IAM pr&#233;vio</td>
                <td align="center">27 (8,7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">AVC pr&#233;vio</td>
                <td align="center">20 (6,4)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Killip 3 ou 4</td>
                <td align="center">35 (11,3)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Creatinina &gt; 2 mg/dL</td>
                <td align="center">12 (3,9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Uso pr&#233;vio de AAS</td>
                <td align="center">70 (22,5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">FEVE (%)</td>
                <td align="center">50,9 &#177; 13,1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Escore SYNTAX</td>
                <td align="center">15,5 (10,0-21,5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Escore Clinical SYNTAX</td>
                <td align="center">19,0 (10,0-35,7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Escore ACEF</td>
                <td align="center">1,19 (0,94-1,55)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Escore ACEF modificado</td>
                <td align="center">1,21 (0,95-1,88)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN7">
              <p>Abreviaturas: IAM: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio; AVC: acidente vascular cerebral; AAS: &#225;cido acetilsalic&#237;lico; FEVE: fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo. Os dados est&#227;o apresentados como n&#250;mero (%), m&#233;dia (&#177; desvio padr&#227;o) ou mediana (intervalo interquartil).</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Os dados completos relacionados ao procedimento est&#227;o mostrados na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabela 2</xref>. A incid&#234;ncia de ECCAM em 30 dias foi de 23,8%, como detalhado na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t7">Tabela 3</xref>.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t6">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Dados de procedimentos</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="50%"/>
              <col width="50%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Vari&#225;vel</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">n = 311</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tempo dor-porta (horas)</td>
                <td align="center">4 (3,00-6,75)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tempo porta-bal&#227;o (minutos)</td>
                <td align="center">68 (55,0-90,0)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Parada card&#237;aca</td>
                <td align="center">24 (7,7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Bloqueio AV total</td>
                <td align="center">20 (6,4)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Bal&#227;o intra-a&#243;rtico</td>
                <td align="center">10 (3,2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Acesso radial</td>
                <td align="center">178 (57,2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IAM anterior</td>
                <td align="center">140 (45,0)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">
                  <bold>Vaso culpado</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Art&#233;ria descendente anterior</td>
                <td align="center">131 (42,1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria direita</td>
                <td align="center">112 (36,0)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Art&#233;ria circunflexa</td>
                <td align="center">38 (12,2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Outros vasos</td>
                <td align="center">30 (9,7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Doen&#231;a de tr&#234;s vasos</td>
                <td align="center">63 (20,3)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Aspira&#231;&#227;o de trombo</td>
                <td align="center">115 (37,0)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Stent farmacol&#243;gico</td>
                <td align="center">12 (3,9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">TIMI 3 p&#243;s-procedimento</td>
                <td align="center">277 (89,1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Uso de abciximab</td>
                <td align="center">134 (43,1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Volume de contraste (mL)</td>
                <td align="center">180 (150-250)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left"><italic>Stents</italic> implantados</td>
                <td align="center">1,29 &#177; 0,68</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Les&#245;es tratadas</td>
                <td align="center">1,19 &#177; 0,52</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN8">
              <p>Abreviaturas: AV: atrioventricular; IAM: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio; TIMI: Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction. Os dados est&#227;o apresentados como n&#250;mero (%), m&#233;dia (&#177; desvio padr&#227;o) ou mediana (intervalo interquartil).</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <table-wrap id="t7">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>ECCAM intra-hospitalar e em 30 dias</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="50%"/>
              <col width="50%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">ECCAM</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">n (%)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&#211;bito intra-hospitalar</td>
                <td align="center">31 (9,3)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Reinfarto intra-hospitalar</td>
                <td align="center">9 (2,7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Trombose de <italic>stent</italic></td>
                <td align="center">6 (1,8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">AVC intra-hospitalar</td>
                <td align="center">4 (1,2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Morte em 30 dias</td>
                <td align="center">35 (10,5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Angina CCS 3-4 em 30 dias</td>
                <td align="center">17 (5,1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Reinterna&#231;&#227;o por ICC em 30 dias</td>
                <td align="center">14 (4,2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Reinfarto em 30 dias</td>
                <td align="center">13 (3,9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">AVC em 30 dias</td>
                <td align="center">5 (1,5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">ECCAM em 30 dias</td>
                <td align="center">74 (23,8)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN9">
              <p>Abreviaturas: ECCAM: eventos card&#237;acos e cerebrovasculares adversos maiores; AVC: acidente vascular cerebral; CCS: Canadian Cardiovascular Society; ICC: insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva. Os dados est&#227;o apresentados como n&#250;mero (%).</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>As curvas ROC est&#227;o apresentadas na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 1</xref>. Todas as curvas foram estatisticamente significativas e a curva CSS teve a maior &#225;rea sob a curva (AUC): CSS &gt; ACEF<sub>Mod</sub> &gt; SS &gt; ACEF. No entanto, quando as AUCs foram comparadas duas a duas com o teste de DeLong, n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;as estatisticamente significativas, exceto na compara&#231;&#227;o do ACEF <italic>versus</italic> CSS (p = 0,02) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 2</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f3">
            <label>Figura 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Curvas ROC. Abreviaturas: AUC: &#225;rea sob a curva; IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="2359-5647-ijcs-31-01-0026-70087-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f4">
            <label>Figura 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Valores de p (teste DeLong) para compara&#231;&#227;o dois a dois das &#225;reas sob a curva (AUCs) entre os escores de predi&#231;&#227;o.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="2359-5647-ijcs-31-01-0026-70087-gf02-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>A an&#225;lise univariada dos ECCAM de acordo com valores altos ou baixos dos escores de risco (determina&#231;&#227;o do ponto de corte descrito previamente na se&#231;&#227;o de M&#233;todos) mostrou que CSS, SS, ACEF e ACEF<sub>Mod</sub> elevados estiveram significativamente associados com taxas mais elevadas de ECCAM (p &lt; 0,001, p &lt; 0,001, p &lt; 0,002 e p &lt; 0,040, respectivamente). Outras vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas associadas com ECCAM na an&#225;lise univariada foram idade &gt; 65 anos (p = 0,007), sexo feminino (p = 0,041), Killip 3 ou 4 (p &lt; 0,001) e TIMI p&#243;s-procedimento 0-2 (p = 0,006). Ap&#243;s ajuste para essas vari&#225;veis, apenas SS e CSS permaneceram como preditores independentes de ECCAM (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t8">Tabela 4</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t8">
          <label>Tabela 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>An&#225;lise multivariada da incid&#234;ncia de eventos card&#237;acos e cerebrovasculares adversos maiores (ECCAM) de acordo com valores de escore altos ou baixos</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Escore</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">n</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">ECCAM n (%)</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">p</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">OR ajustado (IC95%)</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">p ajustado</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="2">SYNTAX &#8805; 18,25</td>
                <td align="center">Sim: 116</td>
                <td align="center">39 (33,6)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,002</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">2,11 (1,19-3,74)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN11">*</xref>
								</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,011<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN11">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">N&#227;o: 190</td>
                <td align="center">33 (17,4)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="2"><italic>Clinical</italic> SYNTAX &#8805; 26,0</td>
                <td align="center">Sim: 115</td>
                <td align="center">43 (37,4)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">&lt; 0,001</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">2,49 (1,39-4,44)<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN12">&#8224;</xref></sup></td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,002<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN12">&#8224;</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">N&#227;o: 162</td>
                <td align="center">29 (15,2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="2">ACEF &#8805; 1,235</td>
                <td align="center">Sim: 138</td>
                <td align="center">41 (29,7)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,040</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">1,35 (0,77-2,37)<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN12">&#8224;</xref></sup></td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,297<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN12">&#8224;</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">N&#227;o: 173</td>
                <td align="center">33 (19,1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="2">ACEF modificado &#8805; 1,505</td>
                <td align="center">Sim: 107</td>
                <td align="center">38 (35,5)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,001</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">1,35 (0,77-2,37)<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN12">&#8224;</xref></sup></td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,079<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN12">&#8224;</xref></sup></td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">N&#227;o: 204</td>
                <td align="center">36 (17,6)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN10">
              <p>Abreviaturas: OR: odds ratio; IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN11">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>Ajustado para idade &gt; 65 anos, sexo feminino, Killip 3 ou 4 e TIMI 0-2 p&#243;s&#8209;procedimento.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN12">
              <label>&#8224;</label>
              <p>Ajustado para sexo feminino, Killip 3 ou 4 e TIMI 0-2 p&#243;s-procedimento.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>Foram avaliadas no presente estudo as capacidades do SS, CSS, ACEF e ACEF<sub>Mod</sub> em predizer ECCAM em pacientes com IAMCSST submetidos &#224; ICP prim&#225;ria. Os dados mostraram que o CSS apresentava a maior AUC; por&#233;m, quando comparados dois a dois, a AUC para o CSS foi estatisticamente maior apenas em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; AUC do escore ACEF. Quando os escores foram divididos pelos pontos de corte, SS e CSS elevados foram preditores independentes de ECCAM; ACEF e ACEF<sub>Mod</sub> elevados foram preditores de ECCAM na an&#225;lise univariada, mas essa associa&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o se manteve ap&#243;s ajuste para as vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas.</p>
        <p>O valor progn&#243;stico do escore ACEF em pacientes submetidos &#224; ICP ap&#243;s IAM foi avaliado por Lee et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> que analisou uma amostra de 12.000 pacientes nesse contexto. O ACEF foi significativamente maior em n&#227;o sobreviventes (1,95 &#177; 0,82 <italic>versus</italic> 1,28 &#177; 0,50, p &lt; 0,001) e foi um preditor independente de mortalidade no primeiro ano (HR 2,26, p &lt; 0,001). Capodanno et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> demonstraram que a adi&#231;&#227;o do ClCr (calculado pelo MDRD ou Cockcroft-Gault) ao ACEF produz uma calibra&#231;&#227;o superior em compara&#231;&#227;o com a equa&#231;&#227;o original baseada na creatinina s&#233;rica e melhora da acur&#225;cia preditiva do ACEF em pacientes submetidos &#224; ICP. Em nossa an&#225;lise, apesar de ter apresentado uma maior &#225;rea sob a curva ROC em compara&#231;&#227;o com o ACEF e SS, o ACEF<sub>Mod</sub> n&#227;o se mostrou um preditor independente de ECCAM.</p>
        <p>O uso do SS, desenvolvido originalmente a partir de pacientes com doen&#231;a coronariana est&#225;vel, tamb&#233;m tem sido avaliado em s&#237;ndromes coronarianas agudas para a predi&#231;&#227;o de desfechos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> Em um estudo incluindo 807 pacientes com IAMCSST, Garg et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> identificaram o SS como um preditor independente de mortalidade, ECCAM e trombose de <italic>stent</italic> em at&#233; um 1 ano de seguimento. No entanto, &#233; importante ressaltar que o estudo n&#227;o foi realizado com o objetivo de definir pontos de corte para os escores analisados para a predi&#231;&#227;o de ECCAM, mas apenas para definir a rela&#231;&#227;o do SS com a ocorr&#234;ncia de ECCAM. O mesmo autor mostrou uma melhora na capacidade do SS em predizer ECCAM e mortalidade em pacientes submetidos a ICP atrav&#233;s da combina&#231;&#227;o do SS e ACEF<sub>Mod</sub>, (CSS).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> Essa melhora foi tamb&#233;m observada no presente estudo.</p>
        <p>A utiliza&#231;&#227;o do CSS em pacientes com IAMCSST foi avaliada em dois estudos,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> que mostraram uma melhor acur&#225;cia de predi&#231;&#227;o de resultados em compara&#231;&#227;o com o SS. Cetinkal et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> recentemente avaliaram 433 pacientes nesse contexto, com o objetivo de validar o CSS como preditor de progn&#243;stico, al&#233;m de avaliarem tamb&#233;m o SS e o ACEF. O desfecho prim&#225;rio foi um composto de mortalidade por todas as causas, IAM e eventos cerebrovasculares, com um seguimento de 15 meses. Um CSS &gt; 26 foi identificado como preditor independente de eventos. A AUC foi de 0,66 (p &lt; 0,001), 0,59 (p = 0,01) e 0,64 (p &lt; 0,001) para CSS, SS e ACEF, respectivamente. No entanto, todos os procedimentos foram realizados por acesso femoral e a mortalidade foi extremamente baixa em pacientes com CSS baixo/moderado (uma morte entre 285 pacientes durante 15 meses de seguimento), o que compromete a validade externa do estudo.</p>
        <p>Girasis et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>) analisaram 848 pacientes submetidos &#224; ICP com <italic>stent</italic> farmacol&#243;gico (apenas 25,3% eram pacientes com IAMCSST) e demonstraram que tanto o SS quanto o CSS foram capazes de estratificar o risco de resultados cl&#237;nicos adversos durante o seguimento. A AUC para a incid&#234;ncia de ECCAM foi 0,61 IC 95%: 0.56-0.65 e 0,62 (IC 95%: 0,57-0,67), respectivamente. No entanto, &#233; importante destacar a pequena propor&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com IAMCSST e menor complexidade anat&#244;mica em compara&#231;&#227;o aos nossos pacientes [mediana SS 10,0 (6-16) versus 15,5 (10,0-21,5) no presente estudo]. &#201; tamb&#233;m importante observar que o uso do <italic>stent</italic> farmacol&#243;gico em todos os pacientes com IAMCSST &#233; uma realidade distante nos pa&#237;ses em desenvolvimento.</p>
        <p>O presente estudo tem algumas limita&#231;&#245;es. Em primeiro lugar, o desenho retrospectivo pode ter influenciado a qualidade e a consist&#234;ncia dos dados coletados. Segundo, o n&#250;mero relativamente pequeno de pacientes pode ter reduzido o poder do estudo para detectar algumas associa&#231;&#245;es. Em terceiro lugar, o fato de que o estudo foi realizado em um &#250;nico centro tamb&#233;m pode ser considerado uma limita&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
        <p>O SS e o CSS foram preditores independentes de ECCAM neste estudo. Em nossa coorte de ICP prim&#225;ria em pacientes com IAMCSST, o SS puramente anat&#244;mico calculado na angiografia coronariana basal foi uma ferramenta &#250;til na predi&#231;&#227;o de ECCAM a curto prazo.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#201;tica e consentimento informado</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica do Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo 15-0557. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes inclu&#237;dos no estudo.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
