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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ijcs</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Int. J. Cardiovasc. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2359-4802</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2359-5647</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">wcR6RSfg3Cxm9zrMWGfPsrq</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S2359-56472017000600504</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/2359-4802.20170078</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="previous-pid">S2359-56472017005001105</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Predictors for Indication to Catheterization after Myocardial Perfusion Gated Spect</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mesquita</surname>
            <given-names>Fernanda de Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Andrade</surname>
            <given-names>Larissa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pitta</surname>
            <given-names>L&#237;via</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lorenzo</surname>
            <given-names>Andrea Rocha de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lima</surname>
            <given-names>Ronaldo de Souza Le&#227;o</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro(UFRJ)</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Centro de Diagn&#243;stico por Imagem</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro de Diagn&#243;stico por Imagem CDPI, RJ - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Ronaldo de Souza Le&#227;o Lima</bold>, Rua Paissandu, 329 ap. 303 - Flamengo. Postal Code: 22210-085. Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil Email: <email>ronlima@hotmail.com</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Lima RSL. Acquisition of data: Andrade L, Pitta L. Analysis and interpretation of the data: Mesquita FO, Lorenzo AR, Lima RSL. Statistical analysis: Lima RSL. Writing of the manuscript: Mesquita FO. Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Lorenzo AR, Lima RSL. Supervision / as the major investigador: Lima RSL.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>21</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2017</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <season>Nov-Dec</season>
        <year>2017</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>30</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>504</fpage>
      <lpage>509</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>08</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>30</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>07</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>Patients with coronary artery disease with left ventricular dysfunction present higher mortality and are the major beneficiaries of a myocardial revascularization procedure. A previous study showed that left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is a negative determinant for cardiac catheterization (CAT) after myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective:</title>
          <p>To determine clinical and scintigraphic factors associated with cardiac catheterization (CAT) indication in patients undergoing myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS).Population: Patients consecutively submitted to PMC in the period from March 2008 to December 2012.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>All patients undergoing MPS during the study were recorded in a data bank, where epidemiological, clinical and scintigraphic data (perfusion scores and LVEF) were recorded. Patients or their attending physicians were contacted by phone semiannually for follow-up. For statistical analysis, univariate analyzes were performed and variables were selected for inclusion in a logistic regression model.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>5536 patients were submitted to MPS, of which 643 performed CAT after the examination. This group presents a higher prevalence of males, hypertensive, dyslipidemic and previously revascularized. Patients undergoing CAT have angina more frequently, more extensive ischemia scores and lower LVEF. Only presence of angina (IC 95% 1.2 - 1.7, p &lt; 0.001) and extent of ischemia (95% CI 1.2 - 1.3, p &lt; 0.001) were independent variables for CAT indication.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion:</title>
          <p>The presence of angina and the extent of ischemia were the main predictors for CAT post-MPS indication while lower LVEF was not an independent predictor.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Coronary Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiac Catheterization</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial/diagnostic imaging</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>Chronic arterial disease (CHD) is a cause of high morbidity and mortality. Studies have shown that patients with lower ejection fraction have an increased risk of annual mortality compared with those who maintain normal LVEF.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Considering the increased risk of cardiac events in these patients, a careful analysis should be done (area of ischemia , LVEF, age, comorbidities, etc.) to assess risk vs. benefit that therapies<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> - cardiac revascularization (surgical, percutaneous) and drug treatment - will bring to the patients. The subgroup of patients with reduced LVEF and extensive CAD are the major beneficiaries of revascularization.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Although physical capacity, age, presence of other comorbidities are factors related to patient survival, the most important prognostic factors are the extent of ischemia and left ventricular ventricular function. These are evaluated through myocardial perfusion scintigraphy synchronized with the electrocardiogram (Gated SPECT).</p>
      <p>The present study aims to determine the main clinical and scintigraphic factors associated with the indication of CAT in patients undergoing MPS.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Methodology</title>
      <p>A total of 5536 adult patients who underwent MPS because of clinical indication from March 2008 to December 2012 were evaluated.</p>
      <p>All data collected [among them, epidemiological, clinical and scintigraphic data (perfusion scores and LVEF)] were recorded in a database and patients or their physicians were contacted every six months by telephone for follow-up.</p>
      <p>This study is in conformity with the ethical guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki of 1975 and all the participants signed the Term of Free and Informed Consent.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Protocol of the study</title>
        <p>A one-day protocol was performed, administering<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> mCi (185-222 MBq) of Tc-99m Sestamibi in the resting phase and 18-20 mCi (666-740 MBq) in stress. Initially, 24 patients (13 men) were selected for a pilot study in which the total acquisition was made in 6 minutes in the listmode. The images were processed using 1 to 6 minutes of the total time of acquisition and then analyzed by 2 experienced observers who did not know the time interval used for the reconstruction, in turn their analyzes were evaluated resulting in satisfactory agreement. The study protocol, both for the stress phase and for rest in the MPS, was defined in a consensual way by the observers.</p>
        <p>All patients underwent the 1-day rest/stress protocol with Tc-99m sestamibi. Ten minutes after intravenous injection of the radiotracer, the images were acquired supine. The second phase of the test was stress, performed with an ergometric or pharmacological test. Immediately after the stress phase the supine and prone images began to be acquired. The CZT camera (Discovery NM 530c, GE Healthcare, Haifa, Israel) was equipped with multiple pinhole collimators and 19 fixed cadmium and zinc telluride detectors and 19 cardiac images were simultaneously displayed. Each detector had 32 x 32 matrix and 5mm thick pixels (2.46 x 2.46 mm). The system structure allows high-definition images of volumes in 3D by all detectors (quality field-of-view), where the patient's heart has to be centered. Once the acquisition was started, there was no movement of the detector or the collimator.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Images Interpretation</title>
        <p>All images were interpreted by consensus of two experienced observers. Processing was performed through Evolution for Cardiac&#174; software. The images were reconstructed without attenuation or dispersion correction. The short and long, vertical and horizontal axes, as well as polar maps, were generated and interpreted in a video monitor.</p>
        <p>The semiquantitative visual interpretation of perfusion defects was performed using a 17-segment model in accordance with the recommendations of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology and the American Heart Association.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> Each segment of the myocardium was analyzed and scored by consensus of 2 observers, According to the level of radiopharmaceutical uptake on a scale of zero to five points (0 = normal perfusion, 1 = mild defect, 2 = moderate defect, 3 = severe defect, 4 = no uptake). The summed stress score (SSS) was obtained by summing the points of the 17 segments in the stress images. Summated rest score (SRS), obtained by summing the scores of the 17 segments in the resting images and the summed difference score (SDS), by the sum of the differences between the stress and rest scores (SSS - SRS).</p>
        <p>Post-stress gated images on the short axis were processed using the gated SPECT software (Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California), left ventricular ejection fraction, final systolic and diastolic volume were automatically calculated.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Statistical analysis</title>
        <p>Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to evaluate the presence of normal distribution of the studied variables. In the univariate analysis the continuous variables were expressed as means and standard deviations. They were compared by the independent Student's t test or ANOVA (those with normal distribution) or the Wilcoxon test (those with non-normal distribution). Categorical variables were expressed as proportions and compared using the chi-square test. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate predictors of cardiac catheterization. The value of p &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Statistical analysis was performed using statistical software SPSS 17.0, Chicago Illinois.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <p>Of the 5536 patients undergoing MPS between March 2008 and December 2012, 643 (11.6%) underwent CAT after myocardial scintigraphy.</p>
      <p>The baseline and scintigraphic characteristics of the two groups (without and with post-MPS CAT) are presented in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Table 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Demographic and scintigraphic characteristics of the groups that performed or did not perform post-MPS CAT</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Characteristics</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Patients without post CATn = 4893</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Patients with post CATn = 643</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">p-value</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Age</td>
              <td align="center">62.8 &#177; 12.3</td>
              <td align="center">63.8 &#177; 10.7</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.01</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Male</td>
              <td align="center">2692 (55%)</td>
              <td align="center">403 (62.7%)</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.05</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Asymptomatic</td>
              <td align="center">3136 (64.1%)</td>
              <td align="center">355 (55.2%)</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.05</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Typical Pain</td>
              <td align="center">172 (3.5%)</td>
              <td align="center">68 (10.6%)</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Atypical Pain</td>
              <td align="center">1585 (32.4%)</td>
              <td align="center">220 (34.2%)</td>
              <td align="center">= 0.124</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Previous AMI</td>
              <td align="center">412 (8.4%)</td>
              <td align="center">106 (16.5%)</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.01</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">SAH</td>
              <td align="center">2977 (60.9%)</td>
              <td align="center">442 (69 %)</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.05</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">DM</td>
              <td align="center">1029 (21%)</td>
              <td align="center">196 (30.5%)</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Dyslipidemia</td>
              <td align="center">2371 (48.5%)</td>
              <td align="center">376 (58.5%)</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.01</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Previous PTCA</td>
              <td align="center">802 (16.4%)</td>
              <td align="center">204 (31.7%)</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Previous MRV</td>
              <td align="center">409 (8.4%)</td>
              <td align="center">75 (11.7%)</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.01</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">SSS</td>
              <td align="center">2.7 &#177; 4.7</td>
              <td align="center">6.4 &#177; 6.3</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">SRS</td>
              <td align="center">2.0 &#177; 3.9</td>
              <td align="center">3.2 &#177; 4.2</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">SDS</td>
              <td align="center">0.6 &#177; 1.9</td>
              <td align="center">3.2 &#177; 4.2</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">LVEF</td>
              <td align="center">59.2 &#177; 10.9</td>
              <td align="center">54.9 &#177; 12.1</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN1">
            <p>AMI: acute myocardial infarction; SAH: systemic arterial hypertension; DM: diabetes mellitus; Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; MRV: myocardial revascularization; SSS: added stress score; SRS: rest score; SDS: sum difference score; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>Patients undergoing CAT were more frequently males with angina, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, previous MI and had been submitted to percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or previous surgical myocardial revascularization.</p>
      <p>The analysis of the continuous variables of the two groups reveals that the group that went to the post-MPS catheterization were older, with higher perfusion scores and lower LVEF when compared to group 1. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of typical pain (IC95% 1,2 - 1,7; p &lt; 0,001), diabetes, past angioplasty and ischemia extension (95% CI 1.2 - 1.3; p &lt; 0.001) were independent variables for CAT indication (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t2">
        <label>Table 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Independent predictors of CAT post-MPS</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Characteristics</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Wald</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">p-value</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Risk Ratio (95% CI)</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Age</td>
              <td align="center">1,970</td>
              <td align="center">0,258</td>
              <td align="center">0,9 (0,9 &#8211; 1,1)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Typical Pain</td>
              <td align="center">22,124</td>
              <td align="center">0,000</td>
              <td align="center">2,2 (1,2 &#8211; 1,7)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Previous AMI</td>
              <td align="center">0,479</td>
              <td align="center">0,489</td>
              <td align="center">0,9 (0,6&#8211; 1,1)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">SAH</td>
              <td align="center">1,787</td>
              <td align="center">0,181</td>
              <td align="center">0,8 (0,7 &#8211; 1,0)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">DM</td>
              <td align="center">11,907</td>
              <td align="center">0,001</td>
              <td align="center">1,4 (1,1 &#8211; 1,7)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Dyslipidemia</td>
              <td align="center">12,742</td>
              <td align="center">0,000</td>
              <td align="center">1,4 (1,1 &#8211; 1,6)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Previous PTCA</td>
              <td align="center">25,780</td>
              <td align="center">0,000</td>
              <td align="center">1,7 (1,4 &#8211; 2,2)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Previous MRV</td>
              <td align="center">3,649</td>
              <td align="center">0,056</td>
              <td align="center">1,3 (0,9 &#8211; 1,8)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">SDS</td>
              <td align="center">272,341</td>
              <td align="center">0,000</td>
              <td align="center">1,3 (1,2 &#8211; 1,3)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">LVEF</td>
              <td align="center">7,915</td>
              <td align="center">0,090</td>
              <td align="center">0,9 (0,9 &#8211; 1,1)</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN2">
            <p>CI: confidence interval; AMI: acute myocardial infarction; SAH: systemic arterial hypertension; DM: diabetes mellitus; Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; MRV: myocardial revascularization; SDS: sum difference score; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>The studies showed the important role of MPS not only as a diagnostic test for CAD, but as an important role in risk stratification and therapeutic decision-making.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> According to the latest guideline of the European Society of Cardiology, revascularization is recommended in cases in which the ischemic area of the left ventricle is greater than 10% (Class I, level of evidence B).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Although the percentages of ischemia are more understandable for cardiologists, it should be noted that these are obtained automatically and with recognized limitations to obtain them. The scores obtained with the participation of the specialist express much more accurately the interpretation of the test. That is why we chose to use them.</p>
      <p>Bateman et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> in their study performed 4,162 myocardial scintigraphy in 3,374 patients during 26 consecutive months, 60% of the exams presented some degree of myocardial reversibility. The likelihood of catheterization was increased by eight fold in studies demonstrating reversibility, when it was associated with the high risk criteria (multi-vessel or left anterior descending reversal and abnormal radiotracer uptake in the lungs) the likelihood that these patients were referred for angiography increased 20-fold. The scintigraphic findings were the most important factors at the time of the therapeutic decision, supplanting the clinical characteristics of the patients. In another study<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> the determining factors for post-myocardial scintigraphy catheterization were the extent of ischemia and the significant drop in ejection fraction.</p>
      <p>Hachamovitch et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> demonstrated in their study, with 3,369 patients, that the indication for CAT and MRV could be explained by the percentage of myocardial ischemia and the ejection fraction. CAT rates increased with LVEF decline and in the presence or absence of ischemia (mild to moderate). However, in patients with severe ischemia the number of CATs decreased proportionally with the drop of the ejection fraction. In our group, we evaluated 5,536 patients, of whom 643 were taken to CAT. These presented more angina and greater area of ischemia. The left ventricular ejection fraction did not significantly influence the catheterization indication.</p>
      <p>Our study provides additional information to demonstrate that the LVEF of the MPS did not contribute significantly in our environment for the decision to indicate the catheterization. Determining the reason for this and the impact on patient survival needs to be established.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Study Limitations</title>
        <p>The main limitation is due to the design of the study, since the patients come to perform the examination by medical indication and not by their real distribution in the population, and therefore we cannot extrapolate the results found. In addition, this is a study conducted in a single center, so more studies should be done to confirm their findings.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusions</title>
      <p>The presence of angina and the extent of ischemia were the main determinants for indication of catheterization in patients undergoing myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in our setting, while LVEF was not an independent predictor.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="presented-at">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This article is part of the thesis of master submitted by Fernanda de Oliveira Mesquita, from Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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          <article-title>Is there a referral bias against catheterization of patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction? Influence of ejection fraction and inducible ischemia on post-single-photon emission computed tomography management of patients without a history of coronary artery disease</article-title>
          <source>J Am Coll Cardiol</source>
          <year>2003</year>
          <volume>42</volume>
          <issue>7</issue>
          <fpage>1286</fpage>
          <lpage>1294</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12796141</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigos Originais</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Preditores da Indica&#231;&#227;o de Coronariografia P&#243;s-Cintilografia Mioc&#225;rdica de Perfus&#227;o</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mesquita</surname>
            <given-names>Fernanda de Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Andrade</surname>
            <given-names>Larissa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pitta</surname>
            <given-names>L&#237;via</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lorenzo</surname>
            <given-names>Andrea Rocha de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lima</surname>
            <given-names>Ronaldo de Souza Le&#227;o</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro(UFRJ),</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro de Diagn&#243;stico por Imagem CDPI,RJ - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Ronaldo de Souza Le&#227;o Lima</bold>, Rua Paissandu, 329 ap. 303 - Flamengo CEP: 22210-085. Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil. Email: <email>ronlima@hotmail.com</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Lima RSL. Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Andrade L,Pitta L. An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Mesquita FO, Lorenzo AR, Lima RSL. An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Lima RSL. Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Mesquita FO. Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Lorenzo AR, Lima RSL. Supervis&#227;o / como investigador principal: Lima RSL.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamentos:</title>
          <p>Pacientes coronariopatas portadores de disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda apresentam maior mortalidade e por isso s&#227;o os maiores beneficiados de procedimento de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica. Estudo anterior demonstrou que a fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (FEVE) &#233; um determinante negativo para realiza&#231;&#227;o de cateterismo card&#237;aco (CAT) ap&#243;s a realiza&#231;&#227;o de cintilografia mioc&#225;rdica de perfus&#227;o (CMP).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>Determinar os fatores cl&#237;nicos e cintilogr&#225;ficos associados &#224; indica&#231;&#227;o de cateterismo card&#237;aco em pacientes submetidos a CMP. Popula&#231;&#227;o: Pacientes consecutivamente submetidos a CMP no per&#237;odo de mar&#231;o de 2008 a dezembro de 2012.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Metodologia:</title>
          <p>Todos os pacientes submetidos a CMP durante o estudo foram cadastrados num banco de dados, onde foram registrados os dados epidemiol&#243;gicos, cl&#237;nicos e cintilogr&#225;ficos (escores de perfus&#227;o e FEVE). Pacientes ou seus m&#233;dicos assistentes foram contatados semestralmente por telefone para acompanhamento. Para an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica, foram realizadas an&#225;lise univariada e selecionadas as vari&#225;veis para a inclus&#227;o em um modelo de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>Foram submetidos a CMP 5536 pacientes, dos quais 643 realizaram CAT ap&#243;s o exame. Este grupo apresenta maior preval&#234;ncia do sexo masculino, hipertensos, dislipid&#234;micos e revascularizados previamente. Os pacientes submetidos ao CAT t&#234;m angina com mais frequ&#234;ncia, escores de isquemia mais extensos e menor FEVE. Apenas a presen&#231;a de angina (IC 95% 1,2 - 1,7; p &lt; 0,001) e a extens&#227;o de isquemia (IC 95% 1,2 - 1,3; p &lt; 0,001) se mostraram vari&#225;veis independentes para indica&#231;&#227;o de CAT.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p>A presen&#231;a de angina e a extens&#227;o de isquemia foram os principais preditores para indica&#231;&#227;o de CAT p&#243;s-CMP enquanto a FEVE menor n&#227;o foi um preditor independente.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a da Arteria Coronariana</kwd>
        <kwd>Disfun&#231;&#227;o Ventricular Esquerda/mortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Cateterismo Card&#237;aco</kwd>
        <kwd>Mioc&#225;rdio/diagn&#243;stico por imagem</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>A Doen&#231;a Arterial Cr&#244;nica (DAC) &#233; causa de elevada morbimortalidade. Estudos comprovaram que pacientes com menor fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o tem risco aumentado de mortalidade anual quando comparados aos que mant&#233;m FEVE normal.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Tendo em vista o risco maior de eventos card&#237;acos nestes pacientes, uma an&#225;lise criteriosa (&#225;rea de isquemia, FEVE, idade, comorbidades, etc.) deve ser feita para avaliar o risco x benef&#237;cio que as terapias<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> - revasculariza&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca (cir&#250;rgica, percut&#226;nea) e tratamento medicamentoso - trar&#227;o aos pacientes. O subgrupo de pacientes com FEVE reduzida e DAC extensa s&#227;o os maiores beneficiados pela revasculariza&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Embora a capacidade f&#237;sica, idade, presen&#231;a de outras comorbidades s&#227;o fatores relacionados &#224; sobrevida dos pacientes, os fatores progn&#243;sticos de maior import&#226;ncia s&#227;o a extens&#227;o da isquemia e a fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo. Estes s&#227;o avaliados atrav&#233;s da cintilografia mioc&#225;rdica de perfus&#227;o sincronizada com o eletrocardiograma (Gated SPECT).</p>
        <p>O presente estudo tem como objetivo determinar quais os principais fatores cl&#237;nicos e cintilogr&#225;ficos associadas com a indica&#231;&#227;o de CAT em pacientes submetidos a CMP.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Metodologia</title>
        <p>Foram avaliados 5536 pacientes adultos que foram submetidos a CMP por indica&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica no per&#237;odo de mar&#231;o de 2008 a dezembro de 2012.</p>
        <p>Todos os dados coletados [entre eles, dados epidemiol&#243;gicos, cl&#237;nicos e cintilogr&#225;ficos (escores de perfus&#227;o e FEVE)] foram registrados em um banco de dados e os pacientes ou seus m&#233;dicos assistentes foram contatados semestralmente por telefone para o devido seguimento.</p>
        <p>Este estudo est&#225; em conformidade com as diretrizes &#233;ticas da Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinque de 1975 e todos os participantes assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Protocolo do estudo</title>
          <p>Foi realizado protocolo de um dia, administrando 5-6 mCi (185-222 MBq) de Tc-99m sestamibi na fase de repouso e 18-20mCi (666-740 MBq) no estresse. Inicialmente, para determinar o melhor tempo de dura&#231;&#227;o na aquisi&#231;&#227;o da CMP, 24 pacientes (13 homens) foram selecionados para um estudo piloto em que a aquisi&#231;&#227;o total foi feita em 6 minutos no <italic>listmode</italic>. As imagens foram ent&#227;o processadas usando de 1 a 6 minutos do tempo total de aquisi&#231;&#227;o e depois analisadas por 2 experientes observadores que desconheciam o intervalo de tempo usado para reconstru&#231;&#227;o, e estes tiveram suas an&#225;lises avaliadas resultando em satisfat&#243;ria concord&#226;ncia. O protocolo do estudo, tanto para fase de estresse quanto para o repouso na CMP, foi definido ent&#227;o de forma consensual pelos observadores.</p>
          <p>Todos os pacientes foram submetidos ao protocolo de 1 dia, repouso/estresse, com Tc-99m sestamibi. Dez minutos ap&#243;s a inje&#231;&#227;o intravenosa do radiotra&#231;ador, as imagens foram adquiridas em posi&#231;&#227;o supina. A segunda fase do exame foi o estresse, realizado com teste ergom&#233;trico ou farmacol&#243;gico. Imediatamente ap&#243;s a fase de estresse as imagens em posi&#231;&#227;o supina e prona come&#231;aram a ser adquiridas. A c&#226;mara CZT (<italic>Discovery NM</italic> 530c, <italic>GE Healthcare</italic>, Haifa, Israel) foi equipada com m&#250;ltiplos colimadores pinhole e 19 detectores fixos de telureto de cadmio e zinco sendo visualizado simultaneamente 19 imagens card&#237;acas. Cada detector com matriz 32x32 e pixels de 5 mm de espessura (2.46x2.46mm). A estrutura do sistema permite imagens de alta defini&#231;&#227;o dos volumes em 3D por todos os detectores (quality field-of-view), onde o cora&#231;&#227;o do paciente tem que estar centrado. Uma vez iniciada a aquisi&#231;&#227;o, n&#227;o houve movimenta&#231;&#227;o do detector nem do colimador.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Interpreta&#231;&#227;o das imagens</title>
          <p>Todas as imagens foram interpretadas por consenso de dois observadores experientes. O processamento foi feito atrav&#233;s do software Evolution for Cardiac&#174;. As imagens foram reconstru&#237;das sem corre&#231;&#227;o de atenua&#231;&#227;o ou de espalhamento. Os eixos curto e longos, vertical e horizontal, assim como mapas-polares, foram gerados e interpretados em monitor de v&#237;deo.</p>
          <p>Realizou-se a interpreta&#231;&#227;o visual semiquantitativa dos defeitos de perfus&#227;o, utilizando modelo de 17 segmentos de acordo com as recomenda&#231;&#245;es da <italic>American Society of Nuclear Cardiology e da American Heart Association.</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> Cada segmento do mioc&#225;rdio foi analisado e pontuado, por consenso de 2 observadores, de acordo com o n&#237;vel de capta&#231;&#227;o do radiof&#225;rmaco numa escala de zero a cinco pontos (0 = perfus&#227;o normal, 1 = defeito leve, 2 = defeito moderado, 3 = defeito grave, 4 = aus&#234;ncia de capta&#231;&#227;o). O escore de estresse somado (SSS) foi obtido somando-se os pontos dos 17 segmentos nas imagens de estresse. O escore de repouso somado (SRS), obtido somando-se as pontua&#231;&#245;es dos 17 segmentos nas imagens em repouso e o escore de diferen&#231;a somado (SDS), pela soma das diferen&#231;as entre as pontua&#231;&#245;es de esfor&#231;o e repouso (SSS - SRS).</p>
          <p>As imagens gated p&#243;s-estresse no eixo curto foram processadas usando o gated SPECT software (Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California), a fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo, volume sist&#243;lico e diast&#243;lico finais foram calculados automaticamente.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
          <p>Teste Kolmogorov-Smirnov foi empregado para avaliar a presen&#231;a de distribui&#231;&#227;o normal das vari&#225;veis estudadas. Na an&#225;lise univariada as vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foram expressas como m&#233;dias e desvios-padr&#227;o. Foram comparadas pelo teste t de Student independente ou ANOVA (as de distribui&#231;&#227;o normal) ou pelo teste Wilcoxon (as de distribui&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o normal). As vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram expressas como propor&#231;&#245;es e comparadas pelo teste qui-quadrado. A regress&#227;o log&#237;stica multivariada foi utilizada para avaliar preditores de indica&#231;&#227;o de cateterismo card&#237;aco. O valor de p&lt;0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Para a an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica, utilizou-se o software estat&#237;stico SPSS 17.0, Chicago Illinois.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <p>Dos 5536 pacientes submetidos a CMP entre mar&#231;o de 2008 a dezembro de 2012, 643 (11,6%) realizaram CAT ap&#243;s cintilografia mioc&#225;rdica.</p>
        <p>As caracter&#237;sticas basais e cintilogr&#225;ficas dos dois grupos (sem e com CAT p&#243;s-CMP) s&#227;o apresentadas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 1</xref>.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t3">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas e cintilogr&#225;ficas dos grupos que realizaram ou n&#227;o realizaram CAT p&#243;s-CMP</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Caracter&#237;sticas</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Pacientes sem CAT p&#243;sn = 4893</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Pacientes com CAT p&#243;sn = 643</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">p-valor</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Idade</td>
                <td align="center">62,8 &#177; 12,3</td>
                <td align="center">63,8 &#177; 10,7</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,01</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sexo Masculino</td>
                <td align="center">2692 (55%)</td>
                <td align="center">403 (62,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,05</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Assintom&#225;ticos</td>
                <td align="center">3136 (64,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">355 (55,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,05</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Dor T&#237;pica</td>
                <td align="center">172 (3,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">68 (10,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Dor At&#237;pica</td>
                <td align="center">1585 (32,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">220 (34,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">= 0,124</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IAM pr&#233;vio</td>
                <td align="center">412 (8,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">106 (16,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,01</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">HAS</td>
                <td align="center">2977 (60,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">442 (69 %)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,05</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">DM</td>
                <td align="center">1029 (21%)</td>
                <td align="center">196 (30,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Dislipidemia</td>
                <td align="center">2371 (48,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">376 (58,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,01</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">PTCA pr&#233;vio</td>
                <td align="center">802 (16,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">204 (31,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">RVM Pr&#233;via</td>
                <td align="center">409 (8,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">75 (11,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,01</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">SSS</td>
                <td align="center">2,7 &#177; 4,7</td>
                <td align="center">6,4 &#177; 6,3</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">SRS</td>
                <td align="center">2,0 &#177; 3,9</td>
                <td align="center">3,2 &#177; 4,2</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">SDS</td>
                <td align="center">0,6 &#177; 1,9</td>
                <td align="center">3,2 &#177; 4,2</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">FEVE</td>
                <td align="center">59,2 &#177; 10,9</td>
                <td align="center">54,9 &#177; 12,1</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN3">
              <p>IAM: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio; HAS: hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica; DM: diabetes mellitus; PTCA: angioplastia coron&#225;ria transluminal percut&#226;nea; RVM: revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio; SSS: escore de estresse somado; SRS: escore de repouso somado; SDS: escore de diferen&#231;a somado; FEVE: fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Os pacientes submetidos a CAT eram mais frequentemente do sexo masculino, portadores de angina, hipertens&#227;o arterial, dislipidemia, diabetes, IAM pr&#233;vio e mais submetidos a angioplastia coron&#225;ria transluminal percut&#226;nea ou revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica cir&#250;rgica pr&#233;vias.</p>
        <p>A an&#225;lise das vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas dos dois grupos revela que o grupo encaminhado ao cateterismo p&#243;s-CMP eram mais idosos, com maiores escores de perfus&#227;o e menor FEVE quando comparados ao grupo 1. Na an&#225;lise multivariada, a presen&#231;a de dor t&#237;pica (IC95% 1,2 - 1,7; p &lt; 0,001), diabetes, passado de angioplastia e a extens&#227;o de isquemia (IC 95% 1,2 - 1,3; p &lt; 0,001) foram vari&#225;veis independentes para indica&#231;&#227;o de CAT (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Tabela 2</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t4">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Preditores independentes de CAT p&#243;s-CMP</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Caracter&#237;sticas</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Wald</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">p-valor</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Raz&#227;o de Risco (95% IC)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Idade</td>
                <td align="center">1,970</td>
                <td align="center">0,258</td>
                <td align="center">0,9 (0,9 &#8211; 1,1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Dor T&#237;pica</td>
                <td align="center">22,124</td>
                <td align="center">0,000</td>
                <td align="center">2,2 (1,2 &#8211; 1,7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IAM pr&#233;vio</td>
                <td align="center">0,479</td>
                <td align="center">0,489</td>
                <td align="center">0,9 (0,6&#8211; 1,1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">HAS</td>
                <td align="center">1,787</td>
                <td align="center">0,181</td>
                <td align="center">0,8 (0,7 &#8211; 1,0)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">DM</td>
                <td align="center">11,907</td>
                <td align="center">0,001</td>
                <td align="center">1,4 (1,1 &#8211; 1,7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Dislipidemia</td>
                <td align="center">12,742</td>
                <td align="center">0,000</td>
                <td align="center">1,4 (1,1 &#8211; 1,6)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">PTCA pr&#233;vio</td>
                <td align="center">25,780</td>
                <td align="center">0,000</td>
                <td align="center">1,7 (1,4 &#8211; 2,2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">RVM Pr&#233;via</td>
                <td align="center">3,649</td>
                <td align="center">0,056</td>
                <td align="center">1,3 (0,9 &#8211; 1,8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">SDS</td>
                <td align="center">272,341</td>
                <td align="center">0,000</td>
                <td align="center">1,3 (1,2 &#8211; 1,3)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">FEVE</td>
                <td align="center">7,915</td>
                <td align="center">0,090</td>
                <td align="center">0,9 (0,9 &#8211; 1,1)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN4">
              <p>IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a; IAM: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio; HAS: hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica; DM: diabetes mellitus; PTCA: angioplastia coron&#225;ria transluminal percut&#226;nea; RVM: revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio; SDS: escore de diferen&#231;a somado; FEVE: fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>Estudos mostraram o importante papel da CMP n&#227;o s&#243; como teste diagn&#243;stico de DAC, mas como importante papel na estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco e tomada de decis&#227;o terap&#234;utica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> Segundo a &#250;ltima diretriz da Sociedade Europeia de Cardiologia &#233; recomendada a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o nos casos em que a &#225;rea isqu&#234;mica do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo for maior que 10% (Classe I, n&#237;vel de evid&#234;ncia B).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Embora os percentuais de isquemia sejam mais compreens&#237;veis para os cardiologistas cabe salientar que estes s&#227;o obtidos de forma autom&#225;tica e com reconhecidas limita&#231;&#245;es para a sua obten&#231;&#227;o. J&#225; os escores s&#227;o obtidos com a participa&#231;&#227;o do especialista que expressam de forma muito mais fidedigna a interpreta&#231;&#227;o do exame. Por isso, optamos por utiliz&#225;-la.</p>
        <p>Bateman et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> em seu estudo realizou 4.162 cintilografias mioc&#225;rdicas em 3.374 pacientes durante 26 meses consecutivos, 60% dos exames apresentaram algum grau de reversibilidade mioc&#225;rdica. A probabilidade de ser indicado cateterismo aumentava em oito vezes nos estudos que demonstravam reversibilidade, quando associado aos crit&#233;rios de alto risco (reversibilidade multiarterial ou na descendente anterior esquerda e capta&#231;&#227;o anormal do radiotra&#231;ador nos pulm&#245;es) a probabilidade destes pacientes serem referidos para angiografia aumentou em 20 vezes. Os achados cintilogr&#225;ficos foram os fatores mais importantes no momento de decis&#227;o terap&#234;utica, suplantando as caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas dos pacientes. Em outro estudo<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> os fatores determinantes para o cateterismo p&#243;s-cintilografia mioc&#225;rdica foram a extens&#227;o da isquemia e a importante queda na fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        <p>Hachamovitch et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> demonstrou em seu estudo, com 3.369 pacientes, que a indica&#231;&#227;o ao CAT e RVM poderia ser explicada pela porcentagem de isquemia mioc&#225;rdica e a fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o. As taxas de CAT aumentaram com a queda da FEVE e na presen&#231;a ou n&#227;o de isquemia (leve a moderada). Por&#233;m, em pacientes com isquemia severa o n&#250;mero de CAT diminuiu proporcionalmente com a queda da fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o. Em nosso grupo avaliamos 5.536 pacientes, dos quais 643 foram levados ao CAT. Estes apresentavam mais angina e maior &#225;rea de isquemia. Enquanto a fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda n&#227;o influenciou significativamente o encaminhamento dos mesmos para o cateterismo.</p>
        <p>Nosso estudo traz informa&#231;&#227;o adicional ao demonstrar que a FEVE da CMP n&#227;o contribuiu significativamente em nosso meio para decis&#227;o de indicar o cateterismo. Determinar a raz&#227;o para esse fato e o impacto na sobrevida dos pacientes precisa ser estabelecido.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Limita&#231;&#227;o do estudo</title>
          <p>A principal limita&#231;&#227;o &#233; devido ao desenho do estudo, pois os pacientes surgem para realiza&#231;&#227;o do exame por indica&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica e n&#227;o pela sua real distribui&#231;&#227;o na popula&#231;&#227;o, n&#227;o se podendo, portanto, extrapolar os resultados encontrados. Al&#233;m disso, trata-se de um estudo realizado em um &#250;nico centro, portanto mais trabalhos devem ser realizados para confirmar seus achados.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
        <p>A presen&#231;a de angina e a extens&#227;o de isquemia foram os principais determinantes para indica&#231;&#227;o de cateterismo em pacientes submetidos a cintilografia mioc&#225;rdica de perfus&#227;o em nosso meio, enquanto a FEVE n&#227;o foi um preditor independente.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="presented-at">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este artigo &#233; parte de disserta&#231;&#227;o de Mestrado de Fernanda de Oliveira Mesquita pela Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
