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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="editorial" dtd-version="1.0" specific-use="sps-1.6" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ijcs</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Int. J. Cardiovasc. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2359-4802</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2359-5647</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">Wn9g8Rgk4GXsPQDJTbqh67P</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S2359-56472017000600466</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/2359-4802.20170090</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>New Cholesterol Targets of SBC Guidelines on Dyslipidemia</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Magalh&#227;es</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Eliane Campos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <institution content-type="orgname">UERJ</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital Universit&#225;rio Pedro Ernesto</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universit&#225;rio Pedro Ernesto (UERJ) e Hospital Pr&#243;-Card&#237;aco, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Pr&#243;-Card&#237;aco</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Hospital Pr&#243;-Card&#237;aco</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Maria Eliane Campos Magalh&#227;es</bold>, Av. N. Sra de Copacabana, 769/603. Postal Code: 22050-002, Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro - Brazil. E-mail: <email>elianecm@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <season>Nov-Dec</season>
        <year>2017</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>30</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>466</fpage>
      <lpage>468</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Atherosclerosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Cholesterol / standards</kwd>
        <kwd>Dyslipidemias</kwd>
        <kwd>Risk Factor</kwd>
        <kwd>Reference Standards</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Evidence from clinical trials and meta-analysis have demonstrated that the most effective LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol-lowering treatment is associated with unequivocal benefits for reducing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> More recently, clinical trials concluded that the addition of ezetimibe and of a new class of drugs, inhibitors of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexine type 9 (iPCSK9), to statins, were able to reduce LDL-C to levels not previously achieved with the available therapy so far.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Is this context, the results of the IMPROVE-IT study - <italic>Improved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial</italic>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> with statins plus ezetimibe compared to statin monotherapy, achieved strict lipid control (LDL-c of 53.7 vs. 69.5 mg/dL, respectively) in patients with acute coronary syndrome, that is, individuals at high cardiovascular risk. In this study, patients achieving LDL-cholesterol levels less than 50 mg/dL had a significantly lower risk of major cardiovascular events compared to patients with LDL cholesterol levels above this value. The risk category was proportionally lower as the level of LDL-C decreased.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Although at modest levels, there was an incremental cardiovascular event risk reduction, except mortality.</p>
    <p>More recent clinical trials, also in subjects at high cardiovascular risk, on secondary prevention of atherosclerotic disease with PCSK9 inhibitors, notably with evolocumab (The Fourier study - <italic>Further Cardiovascular Outcomes Research with PCSK9 Inhibition in Subjects with Elevated Risk</italic>)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> and with bococizumab (Spire 1 and Spire 2 trials - <italic>Studies of PCSK9 Inhibition and the Reduction of Vascular Events,</italic>),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> in combination with high-dose statin treatment regimens, have also shown major cardiovascular events reduction (except cardiovascular and general mortality). In the Fourier study,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> LDL cholesterol levels decreased to a median of 30 mg per deciliter (with LDL-C reduction of 59% from baseline in 48 weeks) and reduced by 15% the risk of the composite primary outcome (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina and coronary revascularization). However, only the Spire 2 study showed a significant benefit associated with the use of bococizumab.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> It is worth noting that, in the joint analysis of the SPIRE 1 and 2 trials, LDL-C had decreased by 56% by the 14<sup>th</sup> week of the study. The findings are in line with those observed with the evolocumab in the <italic>Global Assessment of Plaque Regression with a PCSK9 Antibody as Measured by Intravascular Ultrasound</italic> (GLAGOV)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> trial, which evaluated the volume of atherosclerotic plaque, and showed that the cardiovascular benefits persisted even when LDL-C levels were reduced to 20-25 mg/dL. The study showed an average reduction of 1% in atheroma volume after 18 months of treatment and about two-thirds of patients showed plaque regression.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
		</p>
    <p>On the other hand, Mendelian randomization studies involving more than 300,000 carriers of more than 50 genetic variants had already consistently demonstrated that lower LDL-C levels throughout life were associated with a decreased risk of ASCVD development. This not only demonstrated the causal relationship between LDL-C and ASCVD, but also a consistent dose-dependent log-linear association between the magnitude of LDL-C reduction and the risk of developing ASCVD.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
		</p>
    <p>Due to these evidences, the Department of Atherosclerosis of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology (SBC-DA) released, in 2017, the Update of the Brazilian Dyslipidemias Directive and Prevention of Atherosclerosis,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> in accordance with the major international Guidelines on the subject,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> and created the "very high cardiovascular risk category" for individuals with severe atherosclerotic coronary, cerebrovascular or peripheral vascular disease. For these subjects, targets for LDL-C were reduced to &lt; 50 mg/dL (or a percentage reduction of at least 50% from baseline) and &lt; 80 mg/dL for non-HDL (Non-high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, maintaining the recommendation of achieving LDL-C goals as the primary target and non-HDL-C as a secondary treatment target.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
		</p>
    <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref> shows the criteria for the analysis of lipid variables. The levels of TC, HDL-C and triglycerides remain interpreted as reference values, and only triglycerides are influenced by the metabolic state before collection (fasting and nonfasting), while LDL-C and non-HDL cholesterol must be interpreted according to individual health-risk category, estimated by the Global Risk Score (GRS)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>. The Update of the Guidelines provided an application for calculating the GRS on the SBC-DA website (Risk Calculator 2017).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
		</p>
    <table-wrap id="t1">
      <label>Table 1</label>
      <caption>
        <title>Reference values and therapeutic target, according to the cardiovascular risk assessment estimated for adults aged 20 years and over</title>
      </caption>
      <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
        <colgroup>
          <col width="25%"/>
          <col width="25%"/>
          <col width="25%"/>
          <col width="25%"/>
        </colgroup>
        <thead>
          <tr>
            <th align="left" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Lipids</th>
            <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">With fasting (mg/dL)</th>
            <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Without fasting (mg/dL)</th>
            <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Referential category</th>
          </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Total cholesterol&#8224;</td>
            <td align="center">&lt; 190</td>
            <td align="center">&lt; 190</td>
            <td align="center">Desirable</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">HDL-c</td>
            <td align="center">&gt; 40</td>
            <td align="center">&gt; 40</td>
            <td align="center">Desirable</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left">Triglycerides</td>
            <td align="center">&lt; 150</td>
            <td align="center">&lt; 175 &#8225;</td>
            <td align="center">Desirable</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center" colspan="4">
              <bold>Risk category</bold>
            </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" rowspan="4">LDL-c</td>
            <td align="center">&lt; 130</td>
            <td align="center">&lt; 130</td>
            <td align="center">Low</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">&lt; 100</td>
            <td align="center">&lt; 100</td>
            <td align="center">Intermediary</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">&lt; 70</td>
            <td align="center">&lt; 70</td>
            <td align="center">High</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">&lt; 50</td>
            <td align="center">&lt; 50</td>
            <td align="center">Very high</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" rowspan="4">Non HDL-c</td>
            <td align="center">&lt; 160</td>
            <td align="center">&lt; 160</td>
            <td align="center">Low</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">&lt; 130</td>
            <td align="center">&lt; 130</td>
            <td align="center">Intermediary</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">&lt; 100</td>
            <td align="center">&lt; 100</td>
            <td align="center">High</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="center">&lt; 80</td>
            <td align="center">&lt; 80</td>
            <td align="center">Very high</td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
      <table-wrap-foot>
        <fn id="TFN1">
          <p>* According to the cardiovascular risk assessment estimated by the prescribing physician; Total cholesterol &gt; 310 mg/dL: consider the likelihood of familial hypercholesterolemia; When the triglyceride levels are above 440 mg/dL (without fasting), the prescribing physician must request a new triglycerides measurement after 12-hour fasting and the laboratory should consider this as a new triglycerides test.</p>
        </fn>
      </table-wrap-foot>
    </table-wrap>
    <p>Thus, aggressive reduction guidelines and, as a result, the inclusion of new LDL-C targets in the SBC-DA Update of the Guidelines of Dyslipidemia for high cardiovascular risk patients are based on the following rational:</p>
    <p>
      <list list-type="simple">
        <list-item>
          <p>- LDL-C plays an important role in the pathogenesis and perpetuation of ASCVD.</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>- Elevated levels of LDL-C are related to increased risk of ASCVD events and the reduction of LDL-C is associated with reduction of these events, continuously and incrementally. Therefore the higher the cardiovascular risk, the lower should be the level of LDL-C.</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>- Studies of Mendelian randomization have shown that individuals with low levels of LDL-C throughout life have a much lower risk of developing ASCVD.</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>- Randomized clinical trials with lipid-lowering drugs, notably statins, ezetimibe and PCSK9 inhibitors have shown a reduction of ASCVD events.</p>
        </list-item>
      </list>
    </p>
  </body>
  <back>
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              <suffix>Neto</suffix>
            </name>
            <etal/>
            <collab>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</collab>
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          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
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        <mixed-citation>8 Catapano AL, Graham I, De Backer G, Wiklund O, Chapman J, Drexel H, et al; Authors/Task Force Members; Additional Contributor. 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(39):2999-3058. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw272.</mixed-citation>
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              <surname>Graham</surname>
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              <surname>Wiklund</surname>
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              <surname>Chapman</surname>
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              <surname>Drexel</surname>
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          <source>Eur Heart J</source>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Novas Metas de Colesterol da Diretriz de Dislipidemia da SBC</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Magalh&#227;es</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Eliane Campos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universit&#225;rio Pedro Ernesto (UERJ) e Hospital Pr&#243;-Card&#237;aco, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Maria Eliane Campos Magalh&#227;es</bold>, Av. N. Sra de Copacabana, 769/603. CEP: 22050-002, Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro - Brasil E-mail: <email>elianecm@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Aterosclerose</kwd>
        <kwd>Colesterol / normas</kwd>
        <kwd>Dislipidemias</kwd>
        <kwd>Fatores de Risco</kwd>
        <kwd>Padr&#245;es de Refer&#234;ncia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Evid&#234;ncias de ensaios cl&#237;nicos e metan&#225;lises t&#234;m demonstrado que o tratamento mais eficaz no alcance de redu&#231;&#245;es mais agressivas do colesterol LDL (colesterol da lipoprote&#237;na de baixa densidade, da sigla derivada do ingl&#234;s <italic>low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,</italic> LDL-C), se associa a inequ&#237;vocos benef&#237;cios na redu&#231;&#227;o de eventos por doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica cardiovascular (DACV).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Mais recentemente, estudos cl&#237;nicos com a adi&#231;&#227;o da ezetimibe e de uma nova classe de f&#225;rmacos, os inibidores da proproteina convertase subtilisina/kexina 9 (iPCSK9), &#224;s estatinas conseguiram reduzir o LDL-C para valores n&#227;o alcan&#231;ados previamente com a terapia dispon&#237;vel at&#233; ent&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Nesse contexto, os resultados do estudo IMPROVE-IT - <italic>Improved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial,</italic><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> com a associa&#231;&#227;o da ezetimibe &#224; estatina comparada com estatina em monoterapia, obteve um controle lip&#237;dico estrito (LDL-C de 53,7 X 69,5 mg/dl, respectivamente) em indiv&#237;duos com s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda, ou seja, de alto risco cardiovascular. Nesse estudo, pacientes que alcan&#231;aram valores de LDL-C abaixo de 50 mg/dl tiveram risco significativamente menor de eventos CV maiores, quando comparados com os que tiveram LDL-C acima deste valor, sendo a categoria de risco proporcionalmente menor, quanto menor fosse o n&#237;vel do LDL-C alcan&#231;ado.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Embora em n&#237;veis modestos, houve redu&#231;&#227;o incremental de risco de eventos cardiovasculares, exceto mortalidade.</p>
      <p>Ensaios cl&#237;nicos mais recentes, tamb&#233;m em indiv&#237;duos de alto risco cardiovascular, e na preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria da doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica com os iPCSK9, notadamente com o evolocumab (Estudo Fourrier - <italic>Further Cardiovascular Outcomes Research with PCSK9 Inhibition in Subjects with Elevated Risk</italic>)<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> e com o bococizumab (Estudos Spire 1 e Spire 2 - <italic>Studies of PCSK9 Inhibition and the Reduction of Vascular Events</italic>),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> tamb&#233;m reduziram eventos cardiovasculares maiores (exceto mortalidade geral e cardiovascular) em regime de combina&#231;&#227;o com estatinas em doses m&#225;ximas. No estudo Fourrier,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> o alcance de valores medianos de LDL -C de 30 mg/dl (com redu&#231;&#227;o do LDL-C de 59% do basal em 48 semanas) reduziu em 15% o risco do desfecho prim&#225;rio composto (morte cardiovascular, infarto do mioc&#225;rdio, acidente vascular cerebral, hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por angina inst&#225;vel e revasculariza&#231;&#227;o coronariana). Entretanto, apenas o estudo Spire 2 mostrou benef&#237;cio significativo associado ao uso do bococizumab.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> Vale destacar que a redu&#231;&#227;o do LDL-C, na an&#225;lise conjunta do Spire 1 e 2, foi de 56% na 14<sup>(a)</sup> semana do estudo. Estes achados est&#227;o alinhados com os observados com o evolocumab, no estudo <italic>Global Assessment of Plaque Regression with a PCSK9 Antibody as Measured by Intravascular Ultrasound</italic> (GLAGOV),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> que avaliou o volume da placa ateroscler&#243;tica e mostrou que os benef&#237;cios cardiovasculares persistiam, mesmo quando os n&#237;veis de LDL-C eram reduzidos a 20-25 mg/Dl. O estudo mostrou uma redu&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia de 1% no volume do ateroma, ap&#243;s 18 meses de tratamento, e cerca de dois ter&#231;os dos pacientes mostraram regress&#227;o da placa.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Por sua vez, estudos de randomiza&#231;&#227;o Mendeliana, envolvendo mais de 300.000 indiv&#237;duos portadores de mais de 50 variantes gen&#233;ticas, j&#225; tinham demonstrado de forma consistente que menores valores de LDL-C, ao longo da vida, se associavam com menor risco de desenvolvimento de DACV, tornando clara n&#227;o apenas a associa&#231;&#227;o causal entre o LDL-C e a DACV, mas mostrando que essa associa&#231;&#227;o era cont&#237;nua, dose-dependente, e log linear entre a magnitude de redu&#231;&#227;o do LDL-C e o risco do desenvolvimento de DACV.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Em fun&#231;&#227;o dessas evid&#234;ncias, o Departamento de Aterosclerose da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (SBC-DA) publicou, em 2017, a Atualiza&#231;&#227;o da Diretriz Brasileira de Dislipidemias e Preven&#231;&#227;o da Aterosclerose,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> em conson&#226;ncia com as principais Diretrizes internacionais sobre o assunto,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> e criou a categoria de "muito alto risco cardiovascular" para os indiv&#237;duos que apresentam doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica significativa em territ&#243;rio coronariano, cerebrovascular ou vascular perif&#233;rico. Para estes indiv&#237;duos, as metas do LDL-C foram reduzidas para &lt; 50 mg/dl (ou uma redu&#231;&#227;o percentual &gt; 50% do valor basal) e para o colesterol n&#227;o-HDL (HDL, do ingl&#234;s <italic>high density lipoprotein</italic>) &lt; 80 mg/dl, mantendo a recomenda&#231;&#227;o de se alcan&#231;ar a meta de LDL-C como meta prim&#225;ria e a do n&#227;o HDL-C como meta secund&#225;ria.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
			</p>
      <p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 1</xref> mostra os crit&#233;rios para interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos resultados das vari&#225;veis lip&#237;dicas. Os valores do CT, HDL-C e triglic&#233;rides permanecem sendo interpretados como valores de refer&#234;ncia, sendo que apenas os triglic&#233;rides sofrem influ&#234;ncia do estado metab&#243;lico pr&#233;-coleta (jejum e sem jejum), enquanto o LDL-c e o colesterol n&#227;o HDL devem ser interpretados pela categoria de risco do indiv&#237;duo, estimado pelo Escore de Risco Global (ERG).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> A Atualiza&#231;&#227;o da Diretriz disponibilizou um aplicativo para estimativa do ERG no site da SBC-DA (Calculadora ER 2017).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
			</p>
      <table-wrap id="t2">
        <label>Tabela 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Valores de refer&#234;ncia e de alvo terap&#234;utico de acordo com o risco cardiovascular estimado para adultos com mais de 20 anos</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">L&#237;pides</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Com jejum (mg/dL)</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Sem jejum (mg/dL)</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Categoria referencial</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Colesterol total <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">&#8224;</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 190</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 190</td>
              <td align="center">Desej&#225;vel</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">HDL-c</td>
              <td align="center">&gt; 40</td>
              <td align="center">&gt; 40</td>
              <td align="center">Desej&#225;vel</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Triglic&#233;rides</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 150</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 175 <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">&#8225;</xref>
							</td>
              <td align="center">Desej&#225;vel</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center" colspan="4">
                <bold>Categoria de risco</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" rowspan="4">LDL-c</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 130</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 130</td>
              <td align="center">Baixo</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">&lt; 100</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 100</td>
              <td align="center">Intermedi&#225;rio</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">&lt; 70</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 70</td>
              <td align="center">Alto</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">&lt; 50</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 50</td>
              <td align="center">Muito Alto</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" rowspan="4">N&#227;o HDL-c</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 160</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 160</td>
              <td align="center">Baixo</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">&lt; 130</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 130</td>
              <td align="center">Intermedi&#225;rio</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">&lt; 100</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 100</td>
              <td align="center">Alto</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="center">&lt; 80</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 80</td>
              <td align="center">Muito Alto</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN2">
            <p>* Conforme avalia&#231;&#227;o de risco cardiovascular estimado pelo m&#233;dio solicitante;</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN3">
            <label>&#8224;</label>
            <p>colesterol total &gt; 310 mg/dL h&#225; probabilidade de hipercolesterolemia familiar,</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN4">
            <label>&#8225;</label>
            <p>Quando os n&#237;veis de triglic&#233;rides estiverem acima 440 mg/dL (sem jejum) o m&#233;dico solicitante faz outra prescri&#231;&#227;o para a avalia&#231;&#227;o de triglic&#233;rides com jejum de 12 horas e deve ser considerado um novo exame de triglic&#233;rides pelo laborat&#243;rio cl&#237;nico.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>Diante do exposto, a recomenda&#231;&#227;o da redu&#231;&#227;o agressiva e, como consequ&#234;ncia, das novas metas de LDL-C da Atualiza&#231;&#227;o da Diretriz de Dislipidemias da SBC-DA, em pacientes de alto risco cardiovascular, se baseia no seguinte racional:</p>
      <list list-type="simple">
        <list-item>
          <p>- O LDL-C desempenha papel crucial na patog&#234;nese e perpetua&#231;&#227;o da DACV;</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>- N&#237;veis elevados de LDL-C est&#227;o implicados com aumento do risco de eventos por DACV, e a redu&#231;&#227;o do LDL-C est&#225; associada com a redu&#231;&#227;o desses eventos de maneira cont&#237;nua e incremental. Portanto, quanto maior o risco cardiovascular, menor dever&#225; ser o valor do LDL-C;</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>- Estudos de randomiza&#231;&#227;o Mendeliana mostraram que indiv&#237;duos expostos a n&#237;veis baixos de LDL-c durante a vida t&#234;m muito menor risco de desenvolver DACV;</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>- Ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados com drogas hipolipemiantes, notadamente estatinas, ezetimibe e iPCSK9, mostraram redu&#231;&#227;o de eventos por DACV.</p>
        </list-item>
      </list>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
