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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.0" specific-use="sps-1.6" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ijcs</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Int. J. Cardiovasc. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2359-5647</issn>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2359-4802</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">M3xKbVTmVSLPhvNbX9Lgxkw</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S2359-56472017000400313</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/2359-4802.20170060</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Are Body Fat and Uric Acid associated with Cardiovascular Risk Scores? Cross-Sectional Analysis in the PROCARDIO-UFV Trial</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rodrigues</surname>
            <given-names>Juliane Soares</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Almeida</surname>
            <given-names>Alinne Paula de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rosa</surname>
            <given-names>Carla de Oliveira Barbosa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Hermsdorff</surname>
            <given-names>Helen Hermana Miranda</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Vi&#231;osa</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Vi&#231;osa</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Vi&#231;osa, Vi&#231;osa, MG - Brazil</institution>
          <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade Federal de Vi&#231;osa</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Helen Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff</bold>, Universidade Federal de Vi&#231;osa, Departamento de Nutri&#231;&#227;o e Sa&#250;de. Avenida PH Rolfs s/n Campus Universit&#225;rio. Postal Code: 36570-900, Vi&#231;osa, MG - Brazil. E-mail: <email>helenhermana@ufv.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Hermsdorff HHM. Acquisition of data: Rodrigues JS, Almeida AP, Hermsdorff HHM. Analysis and interpretation of the data: Rodrigues JS, Almeida AP, Hermsdorff HHM. Statistical analysis: Rodrigues JS, Almeida AP, Hermsdorff HHM. Writing of the manuscript: Rodrigues JS, Almeida AP. Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Almeida AP, Rosa COB, Hermsdorff HHM.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <season>Jul-Aug</season>
        <year>2017</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>30</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>313</fpage>
      <lpage>324</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>31</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>Risk scores are tools used to indicate the probability of occurrence of a certain cardiovascular event and to previously identify individuals at low, medium, and high risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective:</title>
          <p>To establish the cardiovascular risk of users of a cardiovascular health attention program of a university, and assess its association with lifestyle, clinical, sociodemographic data, and other cardiometabolic risk markers.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>Cross-sectional study with a sample of 197 participants. Demographic, anthropometric, clinical, and metabolic data, eating habits and lifestyle information were collected using the Global Risk Score and the Framingham Risk Score. P-value &lt; 0,05 was considered statistically significant.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>According to the Framingham Risk Score, 84% of the assessed population was considered low risk and 16% as intermediate/high risk. However, according to the Global Risk Score, 18% of the participants were low risk, 45% were intermediate risk and 37% were high risk for infarction or death from coronary heart disease in 10 years.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion:</title>
          <p>Excess body weight and uric acid serum levels showed to be significant cardiovascular risk markers in addition to those of the score and, consequently, they should be considered in clinical practice.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Obesity</kwd>
        <kwd>Uric Acid</kwd>
        <kwd>Life Style</kwd>
        <kwd>Risk Factors</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cardiovascular diseases (CVD) accounted for 33% of deaths in Brazil in 2011.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> In Brazil, the cost of treating chronic arterial diseases has a large budgetary impact on the health sector. Moreover, it is known that Risk Factors (RF) have great influence on CVD onset.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Therefore, over the years, several studies were carried out and, based on them, different Risk Scores (RS) were created. To prevent underestimation or overestimation of the individual's risk, some algorithms, based on regression analyses of population studies, have been created to identify individuals at low, medium, and high risk in advance.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> In 1948, the Framingham Heart Study, of which objective was to identify the common factors or characteristics that contribute to CVD, led to the identification of the main RF for CVD: age, gender, systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), hypercholesterolemia, smoking, obesity, diabetes, and sedentary lifestyle.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Another score used and recommended by the V Brazilian Guideline on Dyslipidemia and Atherosclerosis Prevention of 2013 is the Global Risk Score (GRS), which estimates the risk of myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, peripheral vascular failure, or heart failure in 10 years.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> RS are low-cost and easy-to-use tools because they estimate the risk based on simple, clinical, and laboratory variables routinely used in clinical practice.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
			</p>
      <p>From the nutritional point of view, it is important to identify the RF that influence CVD, to help with adequate diet intervention, both to prevent and treat them, whereas the RS allows an adequate intervention to improve the individual's metabolism, lipid profile, and lifestyle, which associated with dietary therapy, may reduce the incidence and prevalence of new cardiovascular events.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The present study aimed to establish the cardiovascular risk of the users of a cardiovascular health care program of a university, as well as to evaluate their association with lifestyle, clinical, and sociodemographic factors and other cardiometabolic risk markers.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Methods</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Subjects</title>
        <p>This is a cross-sectional study, with data collection between November 2012 and March 2016, based on a subsample of the Cardiovascular Health Care Program of Universidade Federal de Vi&#231;osa (PROCARDIO-UFV). PROCARDIO-UFV is a program that promotes nutritional and cardiovascular health intervention and education to the UFV community. The program's inclusion criteria are: patients of both genders, age &#8805; 20 years, being an UFV employee/employee's spouse or offspring or UFV student, having been diagnosed with CVD or occurrence of cardiometabolic RF, such as excess weight (Body Mass Index - BMI &#8805; 25 kg / m2<sup>)</sup>; hypertriglyceridemia (&#8805; 150 mg / dL); hypercholesterolemia (&#8805; 200 mg / dL), low HDL (men &lt; 40 mg / dL and women &lt; 50 mg / dL), blood pressure &#8805; 130 / &#8805; 85 mmHg or SAH diagnosis (systolic blood pressure - SBP &#8805; 140 and / or Diastolic Blood Pressure - DBP &#8805; 90 mmHg), fasting blood glucose &#8805; 100 mg/dL or diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) (fasting blood glucose &#8805; 126 mg / dL) and / or medical referral. The program is registered in the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC) under the primary identifier RBR-5n4y2g.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
				</p>
        <p>The data used were related to the first consultation. Of the 417 program users, 197 (116 women) were selected for having complete data on SBP, DBP, Total Cholesterol (TC), and fractions (HDL-c, LDL-C), triacylglycerols, age, presence or not of smoking and DM - all factors used in the evaluation of the assessed scores.</p>
        <p>The study was approved by the UFV Ethics Committee on Human Research (Of. Ref. 066/2012/CEPH), on June 27, 2012, in accordance with Resolution 466/2012 of the National Health Council on research involving human beings. All subjects who agreed to participate in the study signed the Free and Informed Consent form, in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration principles.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Sociodemographic and lifestyle variables</title>
        <p>Sociodemographic and lifestyle variables were collected through the patients' self-report and from medical records. Variables such as age, gender, marital status, and professional link with UFV were collected. Lifestyle variables included smoking (smokers or nonsmokers), regular physical activity (yes or no), and hours of sleep a day.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Anthropometric and body composition evaluation</title>
        <p>Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured according to a protocol established in PROCARDIO-UFV.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> BMI was calculated by dividing weight by squared height and classified according to the WHO criteria for adults.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> For the elderly, the classification was made according to Lipschitz.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> For the classification of abdominal obesity and cardiovascular risk, the criteria recommended by Alberti et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>, WC &#8805; 80 cm for women and &#8805; 90 cm for men, were used.</p>
        <p>Percentage of Body Fat (%BF) (20/30 for men and women, respectively) was obtained through analysis of horizontal tetrapolar electrical bioimpedance (Biodynamics BIA 310 Model, Washington, USA), carried out with a standardized protocol.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
				</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Biochemical and blood pressure evaluation</title>
        <p>SBP and DBP levels were measured using a mechanical sphygmomanometer with a mercury column, according to the technique described in the VI Brazilian Hypertension Guidelines. SAH classification was also made according to the criteria of the VI Brazilian Hypertension Guidelines<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>, with a cutoff point &#8805; 140 and &#8805; 90 mmHg.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> The diagnosis of DM (fasting glycemia &#8805; 126 mg / dL) followed the guidelines of the Report of The Expert Committee on Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>
				</p>
        <p>For the metabolic evaluation, the following markers were analyzed: glucose, triacylglycerols, TC and fractions, Uric Acid (UA), platelets and leukocytes. LDL-c was calculated using Friedewald et al.'s equation.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> The criteria of the V Brazilian Guidelines for Dyslipidemia and Prevention of Atherosclerosis and the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) were used to classify these variables.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
				</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Food survey assessment</title>
        <p>The volunteers answered a questionnaire about food habits, in which they were asked about the consumption of salt (little, normal, too much), fat (type of fat consumed) and alcohol.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Risk stratification</title>
        <p>The present study used the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and the GRS stratification, according to the IV and V Brazilian Guidelines for Dyslipidemias and Prevention of Atherosclerosis, respectively.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
				</p>
        <p>The values of TC and HDL-c for the classification of dyslipidemias were defined according to the V Brazilian Guideline on Dyslipidemias and Prevention of Atherosclerosis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> Individuals were considered smokers when they self-reported smoking.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Global Risk Score</title>
        <p>The variables associated to the risk of developing CVD that were incorporated into the GRS are: SBP, smoking, TC, HDL-c, glucose intolerance, gender, and age. For the classification of PROCARDIO-UFV users according to the GRS, the following criteria were used: age (zero to +15 and zero to +12 points, respectively, for men and women), HDL-c (-2 to +2 points), TC (zero to +4 and zero to +5 points, respectively, for men and women), untreated SBP (-2 to +3 points and -3 to +5 points respectively for men and women), treated SBP (zero to +5 points and -1 to +7, respectively, for men and women), smoking (zero to +4 points and zero to +3 points respectively for men and women) and diabetes (zero to +3 points and zero to +4 points, respectively, for men and women).</p>
        <p>According to the sum of the points obtained, each subject was assigned a percentage probability of having cardiovascular events. Individuals whose probability of having major cardiovascular events (coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral obstructive arterial disease, or heart failure) in 10 years was less than 5% were considered as low risk. Those who were classified in this category and who reported a family history of premature CVD were reclassified to intermediate risk. Men with a calculated risk &#8805; 5% and &#8804; 20% and women with calculated risk &#8805; 5% and &#8804; 10% of occurrence of any of the aforementioned events were considered as intermediate risk. Those with a calculated risk &gt; 20% for men and &gt; 10% for women over a 10-year period were considered as high risk.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Framingham Risk Score</p>
        <p>The assignment of points according to the FRS occurred according to the criteria of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology (SBC).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>
				</p>
        <p>For the classification of users of PROCARDIO-UFV using the FRS, age (-9 to +13 and -7 to +16 points, respectively, for men and women), TC (zero to +11 and zero to +13 for men and women, respectively), smoking (zero to +8 and zero to +9 points, for men and women respectively), HDL-c (-1 to 2 points for men and women) and untreated SBP (zero to 2 and zero to +4 points, respectively, for men and women) and treated SBP (zero to +3 and zero to +6 points, respectively, for men and women).</p>
        <p>In the second phase of the calculation, after these steps, the points acquired were added up and the absolute risk in 10 years was obtained. Men who scored &lt; 0 to 12 points were classified as low risk (&lt; 10%); as intermediate risk (&#8805; 10% &#8804; 20%) those who scored 13 to 15 points; and high risk (&gt; 20%) those who scored more than 16 points. Women who scored &lt; 9 to 19 points were classified as low risk (&lt; 10%); as intermediate risk (&#8805; 10% &#8804; 20%) those who scored 20 to 22 points; and high risk (&gt; 20%) those who scored more than 23 points.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Statistical analysis</title>
        <p>Data were shown as mean &#177; standard deviation, or as median (25<sup>th</sup> and 75<sup>th</sup> percentiles), according to the normality of each variable, which was evaluated by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test. The unpaired Student's t tests and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post hoc were used to compare the variables between the groups according to normality and the number of comparison groups. The chi-square test was used for comparison of frequencies. Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SSPS), version 20.0, and the level of statistical significance was set at 5%.</p>
        <p>The categorical variables were shown, as follows: professional link with the UFV (employee, student or family member); marital status (single, married, widowed or divorced); hypercholesterolemia if CT &#8805; 200 mg / dL (yes or no); hypertriglyceridemia if TG &#8805; 150 mg/dL (yes or no); diabetes if fasting glycemia &#8805; 126 mg / dL (yes or no); SAH if blood pressure &#8805; 130 and &#8805; 85 mmHg (yes or no); physical activity (yes or no); smoking (never smoked, used to smoke, yes); alcohol (never drink, drink occasionally, drink every day, others); salt consumption (normal, little, a lot, not reported); use of fat (lard, vegetable oil, all options); and hours of sleep (not reported, &#8804; 4 hours, 4 to 6 hours, 6 to 8 hours, &#8805; 8 hours).</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <p>In our sample, 58.9% of the subjects were females (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tables 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">2</xref>). According to the calculated FRS, 16% of the population was of intermediate/high risk. However, according to the FRS, 37% of the population was at high risk of infarction or death from coronary disease in 10 years.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Table 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Demographic, clinical, and lifestyle characteristics, according to the Framingham Risk Score</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Variables</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid;background-color:#C5C6C8">Framingham Risk Score </th>
              <th align="center" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8"><italic>p</italic> value</th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">
                <bold>Low risk(n = 165)</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">
                <bold>Intermediate/high risk (n = 32)</bold>
              </th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="4">Gender, n (%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Male</td>
              <td align="center">56 (69.3)</td>
              <td align="center">25 (30.7)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Female</td>
              <td align="center">109 (93.9)</td>
              <td align="center">7 (6.1)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Age, years</td>
              <td align="center">38 (25-53)</td>
              <td align="center">60 (56-68)</td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="4">Professional link, n (%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Employee</td>
              <td align="center">42 (60.9)</td>
              <td align="center">27 (39.1)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="3">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Student</td>
              <td align="center">79 (100)</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Family member</td>
              <td align="center">43 (89.6)</td>
              <td align="center">5 (10.4)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="4">Marital status, n (%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Single</td>
              <td align="center">78 (97.5)</td>
              <td align="center">2 (2.5)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="4">0.028<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Married</td>
              <td align="center">73 (72.3)</td>
              <td align="center">28 (27.7)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Widowed</td>
              <td align="center">6 (85.7)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (14.3)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Divorced</td>
              <td align="center">6 (85.7)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (14.3)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="4">Hypercholesterolemia (TC &#8805; 200 mg/dL)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">86 (81.9)</td>
              <td align="center">19 (18.1)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.453</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">79 (85.9)</td>
              <td align="center">13 (14.1)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="4">Hypertriglyceridemia (TG &#8805; 150 mg/dL)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Sim</td>
              <td align="center">67 (80.7)</td>
              <td align="center">16 (19.3)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.296</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
              <td align="center">89 (86.4)</td>
              <td align="center">14 (13.6)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="4">Diabetes (fasting glucose &#8805; 126 mg/dL)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">11 (68.7)</td>
              <td align="center">5 (31.3)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.089</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">144 (85.2)</td>
              <td align="center">25 (14.8)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="4">Arterial hypertension (BP &#8805; 130 and &#8805; 85 mmHg)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">57 (74.1)</td>
              <td align="center">20 (25.9)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.003<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">108 (90)</td>
              <td align="center">12 (10)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Fasting glucose, mg/dL</td>
              <td align="center">89 (81-100)</td>
              <td align="center">99.5 (91-115)</td>
              <td align="center">0.004<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">TC/HDL ratio</td>
              <td align="center">4.1 (3.4-4.9)</td>
              <td align="center">5.0 (4.0-6.0)</td>
              <td align="center">0.017<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">LDL/HDL ratio</td>
              <td align="center">2.6 &#177; 1.0</td>
              <td align="center">3.2 &#177; 1.5</td>
              <td align="center">0.021<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Triglycerides, mg/dL</td>
              <td align="center">138.5 (100-199.7)</td>
              <td align="center">156.5 (119.3-252.7)</td>
              <td align="center">0.033<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Uric acid, mg/dL</td>
              <td align="center">4.4 &#177; 1.6</td>
              <td align="center">5.4 &#177; 1.4</td>
              <td align="center">0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Leukocytes, mm<sup>3</sup></td>
              <td align="center">6.382.9 &#177; 1.673.6</td>
              <td align="center">6.201.4 &#177; 1.661.1</td>
              <td align="center">0.601</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Platelets, mm<sup>3</sup> </td>
              <td align="center">248.9 &#177; 51.8</td>
              <td align="center">239.72 &#177; 53.3</td>
              <td align="center">0.391</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN1">
            <p>Data shown as mean (standard deviation), median, 25th and 75th percentiles, and frequencies; P value using Student's t-test or chi-square test.</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN2">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>p &lt; 0.05. TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; BP: blood pressure; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <table-wrap id="t2">
        <label>Table 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Demographic, clinical and lifestyle characteristics, according to the Global Risk Score</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Variables</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="3" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid;background-color:#C5C6C8">Global Risk Score</th>
              <th align="center" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8"><italic>p</italic> value</th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">
                <bold>Low risk(n = 23)</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">
                <bold>Intermediate risk (n = 56)</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">
                <bold>High risk(n = 47)</bold>
              </th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="5">Gender, n (%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Male</td>
              <td align="center">6 (10.2)</td>
              <td align="center">27 (45.8)</td>
              <td align="center">26 (44.06)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.031</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Female</td>
              <td align="center">17 (25.4)</td>
              <td align="center">29 (43.3)</td>
              <td align="center">21 (31.34)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Age, years</td>
              <td align="center">37 (32-44)<sup>a</sup></td>
              <td align="center">52 (48-57)<sup>b</sup></td>
              <td align="center">60 (55-65)<sup>c</sup></td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="5">Professional link, n (%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Employee</td>
              <td align="center">5 (7.7)</td>
              <td align="center">28 (43.1)</td>
              <td align="center">32 (49.2)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="3">0.040<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Student</td>
              <td align="center">9 (50)</td>
              <td align="center">9 (50)</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Family member</td>
              <td align="center">9 (21.4)</td>
              <td align="center">18 (42.9)</td>
              <td align="center">15 (35.7)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="5">Marital status, n (%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Single</td>
              <td align="center">10 (52.6)</td>
              <td align="center">7 (36.9)</td>
              <td align="center">2 (10.5)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="4">0.043<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Married</td>
              <td align="center">12 (13.0)</td>
              <td align="center">42 (45.1)</td>
              <td align="center">39 (41.9)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Widowed</td>
              <td align="center">1 (14.2)</td>
              <td align="center">3 (42.9)</td>
              <td align="center">3 (42.9)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Divorced</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">4 (57.1)</td>
              <td align="center">3 (42.9)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="5">Hypercholesterolemia (TC &#8805; 200 mg/dL)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">9 (14.5)</td>
              <td align="center">30 (48.4)</td>
              <td align="center">23 (37.1)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.590</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">14 (21.9)</td>
              <td align="center">26 (40.6)</td>
              <td align="center">24 (37.5)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="4">Hypertriglyceridemia (TG &#8805; 150 mg/dL)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">14 (26.9)</td>
              <td align="center">15 (28.9)</td>
              <td align="center">23 (44.2)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.980</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">9 (13.2)</td>
              <td align="center">38 (55.9)</td>
              <td align="center">21 (30.9)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="5">Diabetes (fasting glucose &#8805; 126 mg/dL)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">3 (18.7)<sup>a</sup></td>
              <td align="center">13 (81.3)<sup>b</sup></td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">23 (20.9)</td>
              <td align="center">53 (48.2)</td>
              <td align="center">34 (30.9)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="5">Arterial hypertension (BP &#8805; 130 and &#8805; 85 mmHg)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">8 (12.1)</td>
              <td align="center">24 (36.4)</td>
              <td align="center">34 (51.5)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">15 (25)</td>
              <td align="center">32 (53.3)</td>
              <td align="center">13 (21.7)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Fasting glucose, mg/dL</td>
              <td align="center">89 (81-96)<sup>a</sup></td>
              <td align="center">92 (85.2-102.5)<sup>b</sup></td>
              <td align="center">106 (96-126)<sup>c</sup></td>
              <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">TC/HDL ratio</td>
              <td align="center">4.4 (3.2-5)</td>
              <td align="center">4.1 (3.5-5.4)</td>
              <td align="center">4.6 (3.6-5.5)</td>
              <td align="center">0.390</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">LDL/HDL ratio</td>
              <td align="center">2.7 &#177; 1.1</td>
              <td align="center">2.8 &#177; 0.9</td>
              <td align="center">2.9 &#177; 1.4</td>
              <td align="center">0.495</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Triglycerides, mg/dL</td>
              <td align="center">168 (112-214)</td>
              <td align="center">120 (91.5-189.5)</td>
              <td align="center">151 (117.3-227.5)</td>
              <td align="center">0.091</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Uric acid, mg/dL</td>
              <td align="center">4.3 &#177; 1.0<sup>a</sup></td>
              <td align="center">4.2 &#177; 1.5<sup>b</sup></td>
              <td align="center">5.0 &#177; 1.2<sup>b</sup></td>
              <td align="center">0.016<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Leukocytes, mm<sup>3</sup></td>
              <td align="center">7.004.5 &#177; 1.636.3<sup>a</sup></td>
              <td align="center">6.055.6 &#177; 1.640.5<sup>b</sup></td>
              <td align="center">5.888.2 &#177; 1.517.3<sup>&#170;,b</sup> </td>
              <td align="center">0.028<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Platelets, mm<sup>3</sup></td>
              <td align="center">247.0 &#177; 54.2</td>
              <td align="center">235.2 &#177; 48.7</td>
              <td align="center">246.8 &#177; 52.4</td>
              <td align="center">0.521</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN3">
            <p>Data are shown as mean (standard deviation), median, 25th percentile and 75th percentile and frequencies. Value of p through Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) or chi-square test. Letters a, b, and c: median / mean followed by different letters on the same line differ from each other at Tukey's test at the 5% probability level.</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN4">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>p &lt; 0.05. TC: total cholesterol; BP: blood pressure; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>The median age for individuals with low risk at the FRS was 38 years (25-53) and for intermediate /high risk, 60 years (56.2-67.7) with p &lt; 0.001. In the GRS, the low risk group was 37 years (32 to 44); intermediate risk, 52 years (48 to 57); and high risk, 60 years (55 to 65), with p &lt; 0.001. As for the professional link with the university, in the FRS 100% of the students were classified as low risk (p &lt; 0.05), but the GRS showed that 50% were in the high-risk group (p &lt; 0.05). Regarding university employees, 39.1% were classified as intermediate / high risk according to the FRS and 49.2% as high risk according to the GRS. Regarding SAH, according to the FRS, 25.9% of the individuals who were hypertensive were classified as intermediate/ high risk, and according to the GRS, 51.5% were classified as high risk (p &lt; 0.05).</p>
      <p>The median fasting glycemia (mg/dL), according to the FRS for the individuals classified as intermediate / high risk, was 99.5 (91 to 115) and in the GRS, 106 (96 to 126) for high risk (p &lt; 0.05). As for triglycerides (mg/dL), according to the FRS, the median values were 156.5 (119.3 to 252.7) for individuals at intermediate/high risk and, in the GRS, 151 (117.3 to 227.5) for individuals at high risk (p &lt; 0.05). UA values were significantly high in the intermediate/high risk groups in both scores. The mean and standard deviation of the UA values (mg / dL) in the intermediate / high risk group according to the FRS were 5.4 &#177; 1.4 and according to the GRS, they were 5.0 &#177; 1.2 for the high group. In the GRS, 81.3% of diabetics were classified as high risk (p &lt;0.05) (p &lt; 0,05) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tables 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">2</xref>).</p>
      <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tables 3</xref> and <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">4</xref> are related to lifestyle and show that, according to the FRS, 30% of the smokers were classified as intermediate / high risk, and among those who smoked, 33.3% were also included in this risk group (p &lt; 0.05). According to the GRS, 80% of the individuals who smoked were classified as high risk, and among those who used to smoke, 47.1% were classified as high risk (p &lt; 0.05). Regarding the use of fats in FRS, 86% of the individuals using vegetable oil were classified as low risk (p &lt; 0.05).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t3">
        <label>Table 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Lifestyle and food variables according to the Framingham Risk Score</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Variable</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid;background-color:#C5C6C8">Framingham Risk Score</th>
              <th align="center" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8"><italic>p</italic> value</th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">
                <bold>Low Risk(n=165)</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">
                <bold>Intermediate/High risk (n=32)</bold>
              </th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="3">Physical activity, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">91 (88.3)</td>
              <td align="center">12 (11.7)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.093</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">74 (79.6)</td>
              <td align="center">19 (20.4)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="3">Smoking status, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Never smoked</td>
              <td align="center">120 (92.3)</td>
              <td align="center">10 (7.7)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="3">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Ex-smoker</td>
              <td align="center">38 (66.7)</td>
              <td align="center">19 (33.3)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Smoker</td>
              <td align="center">7 (70.0)</td>
              <td align="center">3 (30.0)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="3">Alcohol consumption, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Never drinks alcohol</td>
              <td align="center">64 (85.3)</td>
              <td align="center">11 (14.7)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="4">0.289</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Drinks sporadically</td>
              <td align="center">93 (83.8)</td>
              <td align="center">18 (16.2)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Drinks everyday</td>
              <td align="center">3 (50)</td>
              <td align="center">3 (50)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Other</td>
              <td align="center">1 (100)</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="3">Salt consumption n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Normal</td>
              <td align="center">85 (85)</td>
              <td align="center">15 (15)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="4">0.529</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Little</td>
              <td align="center">52 (82.5)</td>
              <td align="center">11 (17.5)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">A lot</td>
              <td align="center">23 (79.3)</td>
              <td align="center">6 (10.7)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Did not report</td>
              <td align="center">1 (100)</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="3">Use of fats/oils, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Lard</td>
              <td align="center">1 (100)</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="3">0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Vegetable oil</td>
              <td align="center">153 (86.0)</td>
              <td align="center">25 (14.0)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">All options</td>
              <td align="center">7 (50)</td>
              <td align="center">7 (50)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="3">Hours of sleep, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Did not report</td>
              <td align="center">1 (50)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (50)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="5">0.357</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&#8804; 4</td>
              <td align="center">19 (95)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (5)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">4-6</td>
              <td align="center">134 (83.2)</td>
              <td align="center">27 (16.8)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">6-8</td>
              <td align="center">3 (60)</td>
              <td align="center">2 (40)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&#8805; 8</td>
              <td align="center">4 (80)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (20)</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN5">
            <p>Data shown as frequencies. P value using Student's t-test or chi-square test.</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN6">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>p &lt;0.05.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <table-wrap id="t4">
        <label>Table 4</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Lifestyle and food variables, according to the Global Risk Score</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">
                <bold>Variable</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center" colspan="3" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid;background-color:#C5C6C8">Global Risk Score</th>
              <th align="center" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8"><italic>p</italic> value</th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">
                <bold>Low risk(n = 23)</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">
                <bold>Intermediate risk(n = 56)</bold>
              </th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">
                <bold>High risk (n = 47)</bold>
              </th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="4">Physical activity, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Yes</td>
              <td align="center">13 (19.7)</td>
              <td align="center">31 (47.0)</td>
              <td align="center">22 (33.3)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2">0.436</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No</td>
              <td align="center">10 (16.9)</td>
              <td align="center">25 (42.4)</td>
              <td align="center">24 (40.7)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="4">Smoking status, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Never smoked</td>
              <td align="center">18 (25.7)</td>
              <td align="center">33 (47.2)</td>
              <td align="center">19 (27.1)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="3">0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN8">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Ex-smoker</td>
              <td align="center">5 (9.8)</td>
              <td align="center">22 (43.1)</td>
              <td align="center">24 (47.1)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Smoker</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">1 (20)</td>
              <td align="center">4 (80)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="4">Alcohol consumption. n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Never drinks alcohol</td>
              <td align="center">21.7 (13)</td>
              <td align="center">41.7 (25)</td>
              <td align="center">36.7 (22)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="4">0.360</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Drinks sporadically</td>
              <td align="center">16.9 (10)</td>
              <td align="center">45.8 (27)</td>
              <td align="center">37.3 (22)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Drinks everyday</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">1 (25)</td>
              <td align="center">3 (75)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Other</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">1 (100)</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Salt consumption. n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Normal</td>
              <td align="center">9 (16.4)</td>
              <td align="center">25 (45.4)</td>
              <td align="center">21 (38.2)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="4">0.932</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Little</td>
              <td align="center">10 (20)</td>
              <td align="center">24 (48)</td>
              <td align="center">16 (32)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">A lot</td>
              <td align="center">4 (22.2)</td>
              <td align="center">5 (27.8)</td>
              <td align="center">9 (50)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Not reported</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">1 (100)</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="4">Use of oils/fats. n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Lard</td>
              <td align="center">100 (1)</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="3">0.195</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Vegetable oil</td>
              <td align="center">19 (17.4)</td>
              <td align="center">51 (46.8)</td>
              <td align="center">39 (35.8)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">All options</td>
              <td align="center">3 (21.4)</td>
              <td align="center">3 (21.4)</td>
              <td align="center">8(57.2)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="4">Hours of sleep. n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Not reported</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">1 (50)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (50)</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="5">0.915</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&#8804; 4</td>
              <td align="center">1 (8.3)</td>
              <td align="center">6 (50)</td>
              <td align="center">5 (41.7)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">4-6</td>
              <td align="center">22 (21.4)</td>
              <td align="center">43 (41.7)</td>
              <td align="center">38 (36.9)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">6-8</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">2 (50)</td>
              <td align="center">2 (50)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">&#8805; 8</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
              <td align="center">1 (50)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (50)</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN7">
            <p>Data shown as frequencies. P value using chi-square test.</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN8">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>p &lt;0.05.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>Regarding the nutritional status, among those classified according to the FRS as intermediate/high risk, 72.1% had excess weight (BMI &#8805; 25 kg/m&#178;), whereas in the GRS, 80.9% of individuals with excess weight were classified as high risk. Regarding abdominal obesity (WC &#8805; 88/102 cm for women and men, respectively), in the FRS, 96.9% of the subjects were classified as intermediate/high risk, whereas in the GRS, 95.7% of those classified as high risk had abdominal obesity. Considering the excess body fat (BF% &gt; 20/30 for men and women, respectively), a prevalence of 76.9% was found in the individuals in the intermediate / high risk group of the FRS and 71.4% in the GRS.</p>
      <p>In the intermediate / high risk group of the FRS, the mean and standard deviation of the BMI (kg/m&#178;) were higher when compared with the low-risk group (p &lt; 0.05). According to this same score, BF% was also higher in the intermediate/high risk group, when compared to the low risk group (p &lt; 0.05). In the high-risk group of the GRS, the mean WC was higher when compared to the other groups (p &lt; 0.05). (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Table 5</xref>)</p>
      <table-wrap id="t5">
        <label>Table 5</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Nutritional status according to cardiovascular risk scores</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Variables</td>
              <td align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid;background-color:#C5C6C8">Framingham Risk Score</td>
              <td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8"><italic>p</italic> value</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
              <td align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">
                <bold>Low risk(n = 165)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">
                <bold>Intermediate/high risk (n = 32)</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">BMI (kg/m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
              <td align="center">28.8 &#177; 5.8</td>
              <td align="center">31.0 &#177; 5.2</td>
              <td align="center" colspan="2">0.048<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN10">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Body fat (%)</td>
              <td align="center">30.7 &#177; 7.9</td>
              <td align="center">31.5 &#177; 7.1</td>
              <td align="center" colspan="2">&lt; 0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN10">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
              <td align="left">Waist circumference (cm)</td>
              <td align="center">95.6 &#177; 14.5</td>
              <td align="center">107.7 &#177; 13.0</td>
              <td align="center" colspan="2">0.621</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">
                <bold>Variables</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" colspan="3" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid;background-color:#C5C6C8">
                <bold>Global Risk Score</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">
                <bold><italic>p</italic> value</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
              <td align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">
                <bold>Low risk(n=23)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">
                <bold>Intermediate risk (n=56)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">
                <bold>High risk(n=47)</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">BMI (kg/m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
              <td align="center">30.3 &#177; 5.9</td>
              <td align="center">29.4 &#177; 4.4</td>
              <td align="center">31.4 &#177; 5.8</td>
              <td align="center">0.182</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Body fat (%)</td>
              <td align="center">32.6 &#177; 7.3</td>
              <td align="center">30.6 &#177; 8.0</td>
              <td align="center">32.7 &#177; 7.8</td>
              <td align="center">0.436</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Waist circumference (cm)</td>
              <td align="center">99.9 &#177; 15.2<sup>a</sup></td>
              <td align="center">99.3 &#177; 11.6<sup>b</sup></td>
              <td align="center">106.1 &#177; 13.4<sup>c</sup></td>
              <td align="center">0.025<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN10">*</xref>
							</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN9">
            <p>Data are shown as mean (standard deviation). P value using Student's t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Median / mean followed by the same letter, in the same line, do not differ from each other at Tukey's test at the 5% probability level.</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN10">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>p &lt; 0.05. BMI: body mass index.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>To know the prevalence of RF and assess the overall risk of developing CVD are crucial for effective prevention with the correct definition of therapeutic goals, aiming to minimize risks and maximize benefits.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>
			</p>
      <p>When comparing the risk stratification between the scores, it was observed that the risk distribution was higher in the GRS, whereas in the FRS, the number of individuals classified as low risk was very high, a fact that was also identified in the study by Oliveira et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The FRS was carried out with measures of almost half a century ago. Therefore, there is a real possibility that the risk has changed over time. Moreover, the absolute risk of the participants in the Framingham study (North-American) is not necessarily the same as in other populations.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Both scores showed an evident association between age and coronary risk. The increase in both variables was proportional, which indicates the need to establish earlier and more frequent health promotion and prevention actions for cardiovascular diseases for the at-risk population, considering the trend towards increased life expectancy and the resulting greater possibility of exposure to RF for CVD.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The GRS and the FRS allowed a better visualization of variables related to the risk of developing coronary diseases in 10 years, making it essential to identify individuals exposed to cardiovascular risk as a target group for preventive cardiovascular actions at the individual and population levels.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Increased levels of physical activity and specific dietary changes should be encouraged.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> Nutritional interventions are effective in helping to reduce cardiovascular events in high-risk individuals. Protective diets are based on foods of plant origin in abundance (fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and others), olive oil and other vegetable oils as the main source of fat.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Moreover, higher values of BMI, %BF and WC were found in subjects with intermediate / high risk in both scores. According to Barbosa et al., the increase in morbidity and mortality due to chronic-degenerative diseases is associated with excess weight and fat deposits (mainly abdominal fat), favoring the occurrence of cardiovascular events - particularly coronary events.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> A study by Casanueva et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> showed that CVD frequency increased in parallel with increased adiposity measured by BMI or WC. Moreover, abdominal obesity has been strongly associated with dyslipidemia and SAH.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Ademais et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> found that the occurrence of obesity due to BMI and %BF was significantly higher in those individuals with a hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype. Hermsdorff et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref> found that individuals with higher WC and waist-to-hip ratio had higher concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), complement C3, interleukin 6 (IL6) and retinol-binding protein (p &lt; 0.05).</p>
      <p>In another study,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref> the individuals with the highest tertiles of trunk fat and WC had the highest concentrations of CRP and IL6, in addition to higher values of blood pressure, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and LDL/HDL-c ratio (p &lt; 0.05) - factors that, when associated, increase the chances for CVD.</p>
      <p>In both scores, the presence of high values of fasting glycemia and SAH showed an increase that was proportional to the risk. The so-called "visceral obesity" is associated with a higher mortality rate than peripheral obesity. This difference is due to the fact that visceral adipose tissue is metabolically more active than subcutaneous adipose tissue, causing, for instance, a high production of glucose and, consequently, type 2 DM and hyperinsulinemia. This higher secretion of insulin causes sodium retention, resulting in SAH.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Interestingly, we found that in both the FRS and GRS, UA values were increased, as they developed from the RS. The acute increase in UA levels seems to be a protective factor to oxidative stress, and its chronic increase is associated with the risk of chronic noncommunicable diseases.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref> Hyperuricemia has been associated with the occurrence of metabolic syndrome, which is recognized as an important cardiovascular RF. However, the use of UA has been commonly ignored in clinical practice and in the context of RF; its inclusion as a variable for cardiovascular risk stratification may be interesting, since it is an easy-to-perform and low-cost exam that is useful in clinical practice.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref>
			</p>
      <p>In the GRS, slightly more than half of the individuals with SAH were classified as high risk, which may be justified by its important association with the development of coronary diseases, mainly due to social and physical factors (educational level, elevated TC levels, and DM), which are frequently associated with SAH. Because there is a strong relationship with lifestyle, this disease can be prevented, reduced, or treated by adopting healthy life habits.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Despite the low rate of smoking in the present study, smoking was significantly associated with coronary risk in both scores. It is known that smoking is a significant modifiable cardiovascular RF in the world's population.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref> According to Weiner et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref>, approximately one in five CVD deaths are caused by smoking, which, alone, doubles the possibility of the disease and, when associated with TC or HAS, this risk is multiplied by four (it becomes eight-fold higher when all three factors are combined).</p>
      <p>The present study has limitations. As a cross-sectional study, it is not possible to infer a cause-effect association for the results. Furthermore, to calculate the scores, a group of variables was necessary, which were not always available in the medical records of all users. However, in the literature, few Brazilian studies perform the calculation of these scores to identify risk in patients with cardiometabolic risk.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusion</title>
      <p>The scores showed a difference in the risk distribution. Excess body weight and uric acid values were shown to be important markers of cardiovascular risk in addition to those present in the score. The need for further research on the subject and the development of more specific risk scores for each population was evident.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This article is part of the Conclusion of the Nutrition Course by Juliane Soares Rodrigues, from Universidade Federal de Vi&#231;osa.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ack>
      <title>Acknowledgements</title>
      <p>We thank the users of PROCARDIO-UFV, who allowed their data to be used in the study, the professionals and the voluntary trainees of the program. We would also like to thank the Pro-Rectory of Extension and Culture (PEC/UFV), for the university extension grant given to JS Rodrigues, and Coordena&#231;&#227;o de Aperfei&#231;oamento de Pessoal de N&#237;vel Superior (CAPES), for the grant given to AP Almeida. HHM Hermsdorff is a Research Productivity Fellow of Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e Tecnol&#243;gico (CNPq).</p>
    </ack>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigos Originais</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Gordura Corporal e &#193;cido &#218;rico Est&#227;o Relacionados com Escores de Risco Cardiovascular? An&#225;lise Transversal no Programa de Interven&#231;&#227;o PROCADIO-UFV</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rodrigues</surname>
            <given-names>Juliane Soares</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Almeida</surname>
            <given-names>Alinne Paula de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rosa</surname>
            <given-names>Carla de Oliveira Barbosa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Hermsdorff</surname>
            <given-names>Helen Hermana Miranda</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Vi&#231;osa, Vi&#231;osa, MG - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Helen Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff</bold> Universidade Federal de Vi&#231;osa, Departamento de Nutri&#231;&#227;o e Sa&#250;de. Avenida PH Rolfs s/n Campus Universit&#225;rio. CEP: 36570-900, Vi&#231;osa, MG - Brasil. E-mail: <email>helenhermana@ufv.br</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Hermsdorff HHM. Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Rodrigues JS, Almeida AP, Hermsdorff HHM. An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Rodrigues JS, Almeida AP, Hermsdorff HHM. An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Rodrigues JS, Almeida AP, Hermsdorff HHM. Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Rodrigues JS, Almeida AP. Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Almeida AP, Rosa COB, Hermsdorff HHM.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamentos:</title>
          <p>Os escores de risco s&#227;o ferramentas utilizadas para indicar a probabilidade de ocorr&#234;ncia de certo evento cardiovascular e identificar previamente os indiv&#237;duos com baixo, m&#233;dio e alto risco para desenvolvimento de doen&#231;as cardiovasculares.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>Estabelecer o risco cardiovascular dos usu&#225;rios de um programa de aten&#231;&#227;o &#224; sa&#250;de cardiovascular de uma universidade, bem como avaliar a rela&#231;&#227;o dos mesmos com estilo de vida, dados cl&#237;nicos, sociodemogr&#225;ficos e outros marcadores de risco cardiometab&#243;lico.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>Estudo transversal com amostra de 197 participantes, dos quais foram coletados dados demogr&#225;ficos, antropom&#233;tricos, cl&#237;nico-metab&#243;licos, h&#225;bitos alimentares e do estilo de vida por meio do Escore de Risco Global e do Escore de Risco de Framingham. Valor de p &lt; 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significante.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>De acordo com o Escore de Risco de Framingham, 84% da popula&#231;&#227;o analisada foi considerada baixo risco e 16% de risco intermedi&#225;rio/alto, enquanto que, de acordo com Escore de Risco Global, 18% foram baixo risco, 45% de risco intermedi&#225;rio e 37% de alto risco para infarto ou morte por doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria em 10 anos.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p>O excesso de peso corporal e os valores s&#233;ricos de &#225;cido &#250;rico se demonstraram importantes marcadores de risco cardiovascular, al&#233;m daqueles dos escores, de modo que deveriam ser considerados na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares/mortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Obesidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Acido &#250;rico, Estilo de Vida, Fatores de Risco</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>De acordo com a Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial da Sa&#250;de (OMS), as Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares (DCV) foram respons&#225;veis por 33% dos &#243;bitos no Brasil em 2011.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> No Brasil, o custo com tratamento das doen&#231;as arteriais cr&#244;nicas causa grande impacto or&#231;ament&#225;rio no setor da sa&#250;de. Al&#233;m disto, &#233; sabido que os Fatores de Risco (FR) t&#234;m grande responsabilidade no surgimento das DCV.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Neste sentido, ao longo dos anos, diversos estudos foram feitos e, a partir deles, diferentes Escores de Risco (ER) foram elaborados. Para evitar a sub ou superestima&#231;&#227;o do risco do indiv&#237;duo, alguns algoritmos t&#234;m sido criados, com base em an&#225;lises de regress&#227;o de estudos populacionais, a fim de identificar previamente os indiv&#237;duos com baixo, m&#233;dio e alto risco.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Em 1948, criou-se o <italic>Framingham Heart Study</italic>, cujo objetivo foi identificar os fatores comuns ou caracter&#237;sticas que contribuem para as DCV, o que levou &#224; identifica&#231;&#227;o dos principais FR para DCV: idade, sexo, Hipertens&#227;o Arterial (HAS), hipercolesterolemia, tabagismo, obesidade, diabetes e sedentarismo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Outro escore utilizado e recomendado pela V Diretriz Brasileira de Dislipidemias e Preven&#231;&#227;o da Aterosclerose, de 2013, &#233; o Escore de Risco Global (ERG), que estima o risco de infarto do mioc&#225;rdio, acidente vascular cerebral, insufici&#234;ncia vascular perif&#233;rica ou insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca em 10 anos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> Os ER representam uma ferramenta de baixo custo e f&#225;cil manuseio, pois estimam o risco a partir de vari&#225;veis simples, cl&#237;nicas e laboratoriais, utilizadas rotineiramente na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Do ponto de vista nutricional, &#233; importante a identifica&#231;&#227;o dos FR que influenciam nas DCV, a fim de auxiliar na interven&#231;&#227;o alimentar adequada, tanto para preveni-las quanto para trat&#225;-las, e, por meio dos ER, pode-se intervir adequadamente, a fim de se obter uma melhora do metabolismo, do perfil lip&#237;dico e do estilo de vida do indiv&#237;duo, que, associados ao tratamento dietoter&#225;pico, podem reduzir a incid&#234;ncia e a preval&#234;ncia de novos eventos cardiovasculares.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
				</p>
        <p>O presente estudo teve como objetivo estabelecer o risco cardiovascular dos usu&#225;rios de um programa de aten&#231;&#227;o &#224; sa&#250;de cardiovascular de uma universidade, bem como avaliar a rela&#231;&#227;o dos mesmos com estilo de vida, dados cl&#237;nicos, sociodemogr&#225;ficos e outros marcadores de risco cardiometab&#243;lico.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#233;todos</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Sujeitos</title>
          <p>Tratou-se de um estudo transversal, com coleta de dados entre novembro de 2012 e mar&#231;o de 2016, baseado em uma subamostra do Programa de Aten&#231;&#227;o &#224; Sa&#250;de Cardiovascular da Universidade Federal de Vi&#231;osa (PROCARDIO-UFV). O PROCARDIO-UFV &#233; um programa que promove interven&#231;&#227;o e educa&#231;&#227;o nutricional e em sa&#250;de cardiovascular &#224; comunidade da UFV. Os crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o no programa s&#227;o: pacientes de ambos os sexos, idade &#8805; 20 anos, ser servidor/dependente ou estudante da UFV, apresentar DCV diagnosticada ou ocorr&#234;ncia de FR cardiometab&#243;lico, como excesso de peso (&#205;ndice de Massa Corporal &#8722; IMC &#8805; 25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>); hipertrigliceridemia (&#8805; 150 mg/dL); hipercolesterolemia (&#8805; 200 mg/dL), Lipoprote&#237;na de Alta Densidade (HDL) baixa (homens &lt; 40 mg/dL e mulheres &lt; 50 mg/dL), press&#227;o arterial &#8805; 130/ &#8805; 85 mmHg ou HAS diagnosticada (Press&#227;o Arterial Sist&#243;lica - PAS &#8805; 140 e/ou Press&#227;o Arterial Diast&#243;lica &#8722; PAD &#8805; 90 mmHg), glicemia de jejum &#8805; 100 mg/dL ou Diabetes Melito (DM) diagnosticado (glicemia de jejum &#8805; 126 mg/dL) e/ou encaminhamento m&#233;dico. O programa est&#225; registrado no Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Cl&#237;nicos (ReBEC) sob o identificador prim&#225;rio RBR-5n4y2g.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
					</p>
          <p>Os dados utilizados foram relativos &#224; primeira consulta. Dos 417 usu&#225;rios do programa, 197 (116 mulheres) foram selecionados por apresentarem dados completos de PAS, PAD, Colesterol Total (CT) e fra&#231;&#245;es (HDL-c, Lipoprote&#237;na de Baixa Densidade-colesterol &#8722; LDL-c), triacilglicer&#243;is, glicemia, idade, presen&#231;a ou n&#227;o de tabagismo e DM &#8722; todos fatores utilizados na avalia&#231;&#227;o dos escores estudados.</p>
          <p>O trabalho foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos da UFV (Of. Ref. 066/2012/CEPH), em 27 de junho de 2012, de acordo com a Resolu&#231;&#227;o 466/2012 do Conselho Nacional de Sa&#250;de sobre pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos. Todos os sujeitos que concordaram em participar do estudo assinaram ao Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Vari&#225;veis sociodemogr&#225;ficas e estilo de vida</title>
          <p>As vari&#225;veis sociodemogr&#225;ficas e de estilo de vida foram coletadas mediante autorrelato dos pacientes e consulta em prontu&#225;rios. Foram coletadas vari&#225;veis como idade, sexo, estado civil e v&#237;nculo com a UFV. As vari&#225;veis de estilo de vida inclu&#237;ram tabagismo (fumantes ou n&#227;o fumantes), pr&#225;tica regular de atividade f&#237;sica (sim ou n&#227;o) e horas de sono por dia.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Avalia&#231;&#227;o antropom&#233;trica e da composi&#231;&#227;o corporal</title>
          <p>O peso, a estatura e o per&#237;metro da cintura foram aferidos de acordo com protocolo estabelecido no PROCARDIO-UFV.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> O IMC foi calculado dividindo o peso pela altura ao quadrado, sendo classificado de acordo com os crit&#233;rios da OMS para adultos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> Para idosos, a classifica&#231;&#227;o foi feita segundo Lipschits.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> Para a classifica&#231;&#227;o da obesidade abdominal e do risco cardiovascular, foram utilizados os crit&#233;rios preconizados por Alberti et al.:<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> Per&#237;metro da Cintura (PC) &#8805; 80 cm para mulheres e &#8805; 90 cm para homens.</p>
          <p>O Porcentual de Gordura Corporal (%GC) (20/30 para homens e mulheres, respectivamente) total foi obtido mediante an&#225;lise da bioimped&#226;ncia el&#233;trica tetrapolar horizontal (Biodynamics BIA 310 Model, Washington, EUA), realizada com protocolo padronizado.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
					</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Avalia&#231;&#227;o bioqu&#237;mica e press&#227;o arterial</title>
          <p>Os n&#237;veis de PAS e PAD foram mensurados mediante esfignomam&#244;metro mec&#226;nico de coluna de merc&#250;rio, conforme t&#233;cnica descrita na VI Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertens&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> Para classifica&#231;&#227;o de HAS, tamb&#233;m foram utilizados os crit&#233;rios da VI Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertens&#227;o,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> com ponto de corte &#8805; 140 e &#8805; 90 mmHg. O diagn&#243;stico de DM (glicemia de jejum com valor &#8805; 126 mg/dL) seguiu as normas do <italic>Report of The Expert Committee on Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus</italic>.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Para avalia&#231;&#227;o metab&#243;lica, foram analisados os seguintes marcadores registrados: glicose, triacilglicer&#243;is, CT e fra&#231;&#245;es, &#193;cido &#218;rico (AU), plaquetas e leuc&#243;citos. A LDL-c foi calculada pela equa&#231;&#227;o de Friedewald et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> Para a classifica&#231;&#227;o destas vari&#225;veis, foram utilizados os crit&#233;rios da V Diretriz Brasileira de Dislipidemia e preven&#231;&#227;o da Aterosclerose e <italic>National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult. Treatment Panel III</italic> (NCEP-ATP III).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
					</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Avalia&#231;&#227;o de inqu&#233;rito alimentar</title>
          <p>Os volunt&#225;rios responderam a um question&#225;rio sobre rotina alimentar, no qual foi perguntado sobre o consumo de sal (pouco, normal, muito), gordura (tipo gordura consumido) e &#225;lcool.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Estratifica&#231;&#227;o do risco</title>
          <p>No presente estudo, utilizaram-se a estratifica&#231;&#227;o do Escore de Risco de Framingham (ERF) e do ERG, segundo a IV e a V Diretriz Brasileira de Dislipidemias e Preven&#231;&#227;o da Aterosclerose, respectivamente.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
					</p>
          <p>Os valores de CT e HDL-c para classifica&#231;&#227;o de dislipidemias foram definidos de acordo com a V Diretriz Brasileira de Dislipidemias e Preven&#231;&#227;o da Aterosclerose.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> Foram considerados tabagistas aqueles com autorrelato de que fumam.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Escore de Risco Global</title>
          <p>As vari&#225;veis relacionadas com risco de desenvolver DCV incorporadas no ERG s&#227;o: PAS, tabagismo, CT, HDL-c, intoler&#226;ncia &#224; glicose, sexo e idade. Para a classifica&#231;&#227;o dos usu&#225;rios do PROCARDIO-UFV, mediante o ERG, foram utilizados como crit&#233;rios: idade (zero a +15 e zero a +12 pontos, respectivamente, para homens e mulheres), HDL-c (-2 a +2 pontos), CT (zero a +4 e zero a +5 pontos, respectivamente, para homens e mulheres), PAS n&#227;o tratada (-2 a +3 pontos e -3 a 5 pontos, , respectivamente, para homens e mulheres), PAS tratada (zero a +5 pontos e -1 a +7, respectivamente, para homens e mulheres), tabagismo (zero a +4 pontos e zero a +3 pontos, respectivamente, para homens e mulheres) e diabetes (zero a +3 pontos e zero a +4 pontos, respectivamente, para homens e mulheres).</p>
          <p>De acordo com soma dos pontos obtidos, foi atribu&#237;da, a cada indiv&#237;duo, uma probabilidade em porcentagem de apresentarem eventos cardiovasculares. Foram considerados de baixo risco os indiv&#237;duos cuja probabilidade de apresentar os principais eventos cardiovasculares (doen&#231;a arterial coronariana, acidente vascular cerebral, doen&#231;a arterial obstrutiva perif&#233;rica ou insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca) em 10 anos foi menor que 5%. Aqueles que foram classificados nesta categoria e que relataram hist&#243;rico familiar de DCV prematura foram reclassificados para risco intermedi&#225;rio. Foram considerados de risco intermedi&#225;rio homens com risco calculado &#8805; 5% e &#8804; 20% e mulheres com risco calculado &#8805; 5% e &#8804; 10% de ocorr&#234;ncia de algum dos eventos citados. Foram considerados de alto risco aqueles com risco calculado &gt; 20% para homens e &gt; 10% para mulheres no per&#237;odo de 10 anos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
					</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Escore de Risco de Framingham</title>
          <p>A atribui&#231;&#227;o de pontos de acordo com o ERF aconteceu seguindo os crit&#233;rios da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (SBC).<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>
					</p>
          <p>Para classifica&#231;&#227;o dos usu&#225;rios do PROCARDIO-UFV, mediante ERF, foram utilizados como crit&#233;rios idade (-9 a +13 e -7 a +16 pontos, respectivamente, para homens e mulheres), CT (zero a +11 e zero a +13 pontos, respectivamente, para homens e mulheres), tabagismo (zero a +8 e zero a +9 pontos, respectivamente, para homens e mulheres), HDL-c (-1 a 2 pontos para homens e mulheres) e PAS n&#227;o tratada (zero a 2 e zero a +4 pontos, respectivamente, para homens e mulheres) e PAS tratada (zero a +3 e zero a +6 pontos, respectivamente, para homens e mulheres).</p>
          <p>Na segunda fase do c&#225;lculo, ap&#243;s estas etapas, somaram-se os pontos adquiridos e chegou-se ao risco absoluto em 10 anos. Foram classificados como de risco baixo (&lt; 10%) os homens que pontuaram &lt; 0 a 12 pontos; risco intermedi&#225;rio (&#8805; 10% &#8804; 20%) aqueles que pontuaram 13 a 15 pontos; e alto risco (&gt; 20%) os que pontuaram mais de 16 pontos. Foram classificadas como baixo risco (&lt; 10%) as mulheres que pontuaram &lt; 9 a 19 pontos; risco intermedi&#225;rio (&#8805; 10% &#8804; 20%) as que pontuaram 20 a 22 pontos; e alto risco (&gt; 20%) aquelas que pontuaram mais de 23 pontos.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lises estat&#237;sticas</title>
          <p>Os dados foram apresentados como m&#233;dia &#177; desvio padr&#227;o e, ou em mediana (percentil 25 e 75), de acordo a normalidade de cada vari&#225;vel, que foi avaliada pelo teste de normalidade Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Os testes <italic>t</italic> de <italic>Student</italic> n&#227;o pareado e An&#225;lise de Vari&#226;ncia (ANOVA) seguido de <italic>post hoc</italic> de Tuckey foram utilizados para compara&#231;&#227;o das vari&#225;veis entre os grupos de acordo com a normalidade e o n&#250;mero de grupos de compara&#231;&#227;o. Para compara&#231;&#227;o de frequ&#234;ncias, foi utilizado o teste qui quadrado. As an&#225;lises estat&#237;sticas foram efetuadas utilizando-se o programa <italic>Statistical Package for the Social Science</italic> (SSPS), vers&#227;o 20.0, e o n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica adotado foi de 5%.</p>
          <p>As vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram apresentadas, a saber: v&#237;nculo com a UFV (servidor, estudante ou familiar); estado civil (solteiro, casado, vi&#250;vo ou divorciado); hipercolesterolemia se CT &#8805; 200 mg/dL (sim ou n&#227;o); hipertrigliceridemia se TG &#8805; 150 mg/dL (sim ou n&#227;o); diabetes se glicemia de jejum &#8805; 126 mg/dL (sim ou n&#227;o); HAS se press&#227;o arterial &#8805; 130 e &#8805; 85 mmHg (sim ou n&#227;o); atividade f&#237;sica (sim ou n&#227;o); tabagismo (nunca fumou, j&#225; fumou, sim); consumo de bebida alco&#243;lica (n&#227;o bebe nunca, bebe eventualmente, bebe todos os dias, outros); consumo de sal (normal, pouco, muito, n&#227;o informou); uso de gordura (banha, &#243;leo vegetal, todas as op&#231;&#245;es); e horas de sono (n&#227;o informou, &#8804; 4horas, de 4 a 6 horas, de 6 a 8 horas, &#8805; 8 horas)</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <p>Em nossa amostra, 58,9% dos indiv&#237;duos eram do sexo feminino. (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabela 1</xref> e <xref ref-type="table" rid="t7">2</xref>). De acordo com o ERF calculado, 16% da popula&#231;&#227;o era de risco intermedi&#225;rio/alto. Entretanto, de acordo com ERG, 37% da popula&#231;&#227;o era de alto risco de infarto ou morte por doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria em 10 anos.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t6">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas, cl&#237;nicas e de estilo de vida, segundo o Escore de Risco de Framingham</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Vari&#225;veis</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid;background-color:#C5C6C8">Escore de Risco de Framingham</th>
                <th align="center" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Valor de p</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Baixo risco(n = 165)</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Risco intermedi&#225;rio/alto(n = 32)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="4">Sexo, n (%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Masculino</td>
                <td align="center">56 (69,3)</td>
                <td align="center">25 (30,7)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN12">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Feminino</td>
                <td align="center">109 (93,9)</td>
                <td align="center">7 (6,1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Idade, anos</td>
                <td align="center">38 (25-53)</td>
                <td align="center">60 (56-68)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN12">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="4">V&#237;nculo, n (%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Servidor</td>
                <td align="center">42 (60,9)</td>
                <td align="center">27 (39,1)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN12">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Estudante</td>
                <td align="center">79 (100,0)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Familiar</td>
                <td align="center">43 (89,6)</td>
                <td align="center">5 (10,4)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="4">Estado civil, n (%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Solteiro</td>
                <td align="center">78 (97,5)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (2,5)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="4">0,028<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN12">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Casado</td>
                <td align="center">73 (72,3)</td>
                <td align="center">28 (27,7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Vi&#250;vo</td>
                <td align="center">6 (85,7)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (14,3)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Divorciado</td>
                <td align="center">6 (85,7)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (14,3)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="4">Hipercolesterolemia (CT &#8805; 200 mg/dL)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">86 (81,9)</td>
                <td align="center">19 (18,1)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,453</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">79 (85,9)</td>
                <td align="center">13 (14,1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="4">Hipertrigliceridemia (TG &#8805; 150 mg/dL)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">67 (80,7)</td>
                <td align="center">16 (19,3)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,296</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">89 (86,4)</td>
                <td align="center">14 (13,6)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="4">Diabetes (glicemia de jejum &#8805; 126 mg/dL)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">11 (68,7)</td>
                <td align="center">5 (31,3)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,089</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">144 (85,2)</td>
                <td align="center">25 (14,8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="4">Hipertens&#227;o arterial (PA &#8805; 130 e &#8805; 85 mmHg)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">57 (74,1)</td>
                <td align="center">20 (25,9)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,003<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN12">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">108 (90,0)</td>
                <td align="center">12 (10,0)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Glicemia de jejum, mg/dL</td>
                <td align="center">89 (81,0-100,0)</td>
                <td align="center">99,5 (91,0-115,0)</td>
                <td align="center">0,004<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN12">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Rela&#231;&#227;o CT/HDL</td>
                <td align="center">4,1 (3,4-4,9)</td>
                <td align="center">5,0 (4,0-6,0)</td>
                <td align="center">0,017<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN12">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Rela&#231;&#227;o LDL/HDL</td>
                <td align="center">2,6 &#177; 1,0</td>
                <td align="center">3,2 &#177; 1,5</td>
                <td align="center">0,021<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN12">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Triglicer&#237;deos, mg/dL</td>
                <td align="center">138,5 (100,0-199,7)</td>
                <td align="center">156,5 (119,3-252,7)</td>
                <td align="center">0,033<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN12">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&#193;cido &#250;rico, mg/dL</td>
                <td align="center">4,4 &#177; 1,6</td>
                <td align="center">5,4 &#177; 1,4</td>
                <td align="center">0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN12">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Leuc&#243;citos, mm<sup>3</sup></td>
                <td align="center">6.382,9 &#177; 1.673,6</td>
                <td align="center">6.201,4 &#177; 1.661,1</td>
                <td align="center">0,601</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Plaquetas, mm<sup>3</sup></td>
                <td align="center">248,9 &#177; 51,8</td>
                <td align="center">239,7 &#177; 53,3</td>
                <td align="center">0,391</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN11">
              <p>Dados apresentados em m&#233;dia (desvio padr&#227;o), mediana, percentil 25 e percentil 75, e frequ&#234;ncias; valor de p mediante teste t de Student ou qui quadrado.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN12">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>p &lt; 0,05. CT: colesterol total; TG: triglic&#233;rides; PA: press&#227;o arterial; HDL: lipoprote&#237;na de alta densidade; LDL: lipoprote&#237;na de baixa densidade.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <table-wrap id="t7">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas, cl&#237;nicas e de estilo de vida, segundo o Escore de Risco Global</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Vari&#225;veis</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="3" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid;background-color:#C5C6C8">Escore de Risco Global</th>
                <th align="center" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Valor de p</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Baixo risco(n = 23)</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Risco intermedi&#225;rio(n = 56)</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Alto risco(n = 47)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="5">Sexo, n (%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Masculino</td>
                <td align="center">6 (10,2)</td>
                <td align="center">27 (45,8)</td>
                <td align="center">26 (44,1)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,031</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Feminino</td>
                <td align="center">17 (25,4)</td>
                <td align="center">29 (43,3)</td>
                <td align="center">21 (31,4)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Idade, anos</td>
                <td align="center">37 (32-44)<sup>a</sup></td>
                <td align="center">52 (48-57)<sup>b</sup></td>
                <td align="center">60 (55-65)<sup>c</sup></td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN14">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="5">V&#237;nculo, n (%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Servidor</td>
                <td align="center">5 (7,7)</td>
                <td align="center">28 (43,1)</td>
                <td align="center">32 (49,2)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3">0,040<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN14">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Estudante</td>
                <td align="center">9 (50)</td>
                <td align="center">9 (50)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Familiar</td>
                <td align="center">9 (21,4)</td>
                <td align="center">18 (42,9)</td>
                <td align="center">15 (35,7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="5">Estado civil, n (%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Solteiro</td>
                <td align="center">10 (52,6)</td>
                <td align="center">7 (36,9)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (10,5)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="4">0,043<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN14">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Casado</td>
                <td align="center">12 (13,0)</td>
                <td align="center">42 (45,1)</td>
                <td align="center">39 (41,9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Vi&#250;vo</td>
                <td align="center">1 (14,2)</td>
                <td align="center">3 (42,9)</td>
                <td align="center">3 (42,9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Divorciado</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">4 (57,1)</td>
                <td align="center">3 (42,9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="5">Hipercolesterolemia (CT &#8805; 200 mg/dL)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">9 (14,5)</td>
                <td align="center">30 (48,4)</td>
                <td align="center">23 (37,1)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,590</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">14 (21,9)</td>
                <td align="center">26 (40,6)</td>
                <td align="center">24 (37,5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="4">Hipertrigliceridemia (TG &#8805; 150 mg/dL)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">14 (26,9)</td>
                <td align="center">15 (28,9)</td>
                <td align="center">23 (44,2)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,980</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">9 (13,2)</td>
                <td align="center">38 (55,9)</td>
                <td align="center">21 (30,9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="5">Diabetes (glicemia de jejum &#8805; 126 mg/dL)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">3 (18,7)<sup>a</sup></td>
                <td align="center">13 (81,3)<sup>b</sup></td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN14">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">23 (20,9)</td>
                <td align="center">53 (48,2)</td>
                <td align="center">34 (30,9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="5">Hipertens&#227;o arterial (PA &#8805; 130 e &#8805; 85 mmHg)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">8 (12,1)</td>
                <td align="center">24 (36,4)</td>
                <td align="center">34 (51,5)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN14">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">15 (25)</td>
                <td align="center">32 (53,3)</td>
                <td align="center">13 (21,7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Glicemia de jejum, mg/dL</td>
                <td align="center">89 (81-96)<sup>a</sup></td>
                <td align="center">92 (85,2-102,5)<sup>b</sup></td>
                <td align="center">106 (96-126)<sup>c</sup></td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN14">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Rela&#231;&#227;o CT/HDL</td>
                <td align="center">4,4 (3,2-5)</td>
                <td align="center">4,1 (3,5-5,4)</td>
                <td align="center">4,6 (3,6-5,5)</td>
                <td align="center">0,390</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Rela&#231;&#227;o LDL/HDL</td>
                <td align="center">2,7 &#177; 1,1</td>
                <td align="center">2,8 &#177; 0,9</td>
                <td align="center">2,9 &#177; 1,4</td>
                <td align="center">0,495</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Triglicer&#237;deos, mg/dL</td>
                <td align="center">168 (112-214)</td>
                <td align="center">120 (91,5-189,5)</td>
                <td align="center">151 (117,3-227,5)</td>
                <td align="center">0,091</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&#193;cido &#250;rico, mg/dL</td>
                <td align="center">4,3 &#177; 1,0<sup>a</sup></td>
                <td align="center">4,2 &#177; 1,5<sup>b</sup></td>
                <td align="center">5,0 &#177; 1,2<sup>b</sup></td>
                <td align="center">0,016<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN14">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Leuc&#243;citos, mm<sup>3</sup></td>
                <td align="center">7.004,5 &#177; 1.636,3<sup>a</sup></td>
                <td align="center">6.055,6 &#177; 1.640,5<sup>b</sup></td>
                <td align="center">5.888,2 &#177; 1.517,3<sup>&#170;,b</sup> </td>
                <td align="center">0,028<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN14">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Plaquetas, mm<sup>3</sup></td>
                <td align="center">247,0 &#177; 54,2</td>
                <td align="center">235,2 &#177; 48,7</td>
                <td align="center">246,8 &#177; 52,4</td>
                <td align="center">0,521</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN13">
              <p>Dados s&#227;o apresentados em m&#233;dia (desvio padr&#227;o), mediana, percentil 25 e percentil 75 e frequ&#234;ncias. Valor de p mediante teste de An&#225;lise de Vari&#226;ncia ou qui quadrado. Letras a, b e c: mediana/m&#233;dia seguidas por letras diferentes, na mesma linha, diferem entre si pelo teste de Tukey ao n&#237;vel de 5% de probabilidade.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN14">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>p &lt; 0,05. CT: colesterol total; PA: press&#227;o arterial; HDL: lipoprote&#237;na de alta densidade; LDL: lipoprote&#237;na de baixa densidade.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>A mediana de idade para os indiv&#237;duos com baixo risco no ERF foi 38 anos (25 a 53) e risco intermedi&#225;rio/alto, 60 anos (56,2 a 67,7) com p &lt; 0,001. J&#225; no ERG no grupo de baixo risco foi de 37 anos (32 a 44); risco intermedi&#225;rio, 52 anos (48 a 57); e alto risco 60 anos (55 a 65), com p &lt; 0,001. Em rela&#231;&#227;o ao v&#237;nculo com a universidade, no ERF 100% dos estudantes foram classificados como baixo risco (p &lt; 0,05), por&#233;m o ERG demonstrou que 50% estavam no grupo de alto risco (p &lt; 0,05). Em rela&#231;&#227;o aos servidores da universidade, 39,1% foram classificados como risco intermedi&#225;rio/alto segundo o ERF e 49,2% como alto risco segundo o ERG. Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; HAS, segundo o ERF, 25,9% dos indiv&#237;duos que a possu&#237;am foram classificados com risco intermedi&#225;rio/alto e, de acordo com o ERG, 51,5% foram classificados com alto risco (p &lt; 0,05).</p>
        <p>A mediana da glicemia de jejum (mg/dL), segundo o ERF para os indiv&#237;duos classificados como risco intermedi&#225;rio/alto, foi 99,5 (91 a 115) e, no ERG, 106 (96 a 126) para risco alto (p &lt; 0,05). Em rela&#231;&#227;o ao triglicer&#237;deo (mg/dL), de acordo com o ERF, para o grupo de risco intermedi&#225;rio/alto, a mediana foi de 156,5 (119,3 a 252,7) e, no ERG, 151 (117,3 a 227,5), para os indiv&#237;duos com risco alto (p &lt; 0,05). Os valores de AU foram significativamente elevados nos grupos de risco intermedi&#225;rio/alto em ambos os escores. A m&#233;dia e o desvio padr&#227;o do AU (mg/dL) no grupo de risco intermedi&#225;rio/alto, segundo o ERF, foram 5,4 &#177; 1,4 e, segundo o ERG, foram 5,0 &#177; 1,2, para o grupo alto. No ERG, 81,3% dos diab&#233;ticos foram classificados como alto risco (p &lt; 0,05) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabelas 1</xref> e <xref ref-type="table" rid="t7">2</xref>)</p>
        <p>As tabelas <xref ref-type="table" rid="t8">3</xref> e <xref ref-type="table" rid="t9">4</xref> est&#227;o relacionadas ao estilo de vida e mostram que, de acordo o ERF, 30% dos indiv&#237;duos tabagistas foram classificados como risco intermedi&#225;rio/alto e, dentre os que j&#225; fumaram, 33,3% tamb&#233;m foram inclu&#237;dos neste grupo de risco (p &lt; 0,05). Segundo o ERG, 80% dos indiv&#237;duos que fumavam foram classificados como alto risco e, dentre os que j&#225; fumaram, 47,1% foram classificados como risco alto (p &lt; 0,05). Em rela&#231;&#227;o ao uso de gorduras no ERF, 86% dos indiv&#237;duos que utilizam &#243;leo vegetal foram classificados como baixo risco (p &lt; 0,05).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t8">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Vari&#225;veis de estilo de vida e alimentar, segundo o Escore de Risco de Framingham</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Vari&#225;vel</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid;background-color:#C5C6C8">Escore de Risco de Framingham</th>
                <th align="center" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Valor de p</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Baixo Risco(n=165)</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Risco Intermedi&#225;rio/Alto(n=32)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="3">Atividade f&#237;sica, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">91 (88,3)</td>
                <td align="center">12 (11,7)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,093</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">74 (79,6)</td>
                <td align="center">19 (20,4)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="3">Tabagismo, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Nunca fumou</td>
                <td align="center">120 (92,3)</td>
                <td align="center">10 (7,7)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN16">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">J&#225; fumou</td>
                <td align="center">38 (66,7)</td>
                <td align="center">19 (33,3)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">7 (70,0)</td>
                <td align="center">3 (30,0)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="3">Consumo de bebida alco&#243;lica, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o bebe nunca</td>
                <td align="center">64 (85,3)</td>
                <td align="center">11 (14,7)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="4">0,289</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Bebe eventualmente</td>
                <td align="center">93 (83,8)</td>
                <td align="center">18 (16,2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Bebe todos os dias</td>
                <td align="center">3 (50)</td>
                <td align="center">3 (50)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Outros</td>
                <td align="center">1 (100)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="3">Consumo de sal, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Normal</td>
                <td align="center">85 (85)</td>
                <td align="center">15 (15)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="4">0,529</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Pouco</td>
                <td align="center">52 (82,5)</td>
                <td align="center">11 (17,5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Muito</td>
                <td align="center">23 (79,3)</td>
                <td align="center">6 (10,7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o informou</td>
                <td align="center">1 (100)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="3">Uso de gordura, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Banha</td>
                <td align="center">1 (100)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3">0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN16">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&#211;leo vegetal</td>
                <td align="center">153 (86,0)</td>
                <td align="center">25 (14,0)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Todas as op&#231;&#245;es</td>
                <td align="center">7 (50)</td>
                <td align="center">7 (50)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="3">Horas de sono, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o informou</td>
                <td align="center">1 (50)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (50)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="5">0,357</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&#8804; 4</td>
                <td align="center">19 (95)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">4-6</td>
                <td align="center">134 (83,2)</td>
                <td align="center">27 (16,8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">6-8</td>
                <td align="center">3 (60)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (40)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&#8805; 8</td>
                <td align="center">4 (80)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (20)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN15">
              <p>Dado em frequ&#234;ncias. Valor de p mediante teste t de Student ou qui quadrado.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN16">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>p &lt; 0,05.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <table-wrap id="t9">
          <label>Tabela 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Vari&#225;veis de estilo de vida e alimentar, segundo o Escore de Risco Global</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">
                  <bold>Vari&#225;vel</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center" colspan="3" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid;background-color:#C5C6C8">Escore de Risco Global</th>
                <th align="center" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Valor de p</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">
                  <bold>Baixo risco(n = 23)</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">
                  <bold>Risco intermedi&#225;rio(n = 56)</bold>
                </th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">
                  <bold>Alto risco(n = 47)</bold>
                </th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="4">Atividade f&#237;sica, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">13 (19,7)</td>
                <td align="center">31 (47,0)</td>
                <td align="center">22 (33,3)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">0,436</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">10 (16,9)</td>
                <td align="center">25 (42,4)</td>
                <td align="center">24 (40,7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="4">Tabagismo, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Nunca fumou</td>
                <td align="center">18 (25,7)</td>
                <td align="center">33 (47,2)</td>
                <td align="center">19 (27,1)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3">0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN18">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">J&#225; fumou</td>
                <td align="center">5 (9,8)</td>
                <td align="center">22 (43,1)</td>
                <td align="center">24 (47,1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sim</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">1 (20)</td>
                <td align="center">4 (80)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="4">Consumo de bebida alco&#243;lica, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o bebe nunca</td>
                <td align="center">21,7 (13)</td>
                <td align="center">41,7 (25)</td>
                <td align="center">36,7 (22)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="4">0,360</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Bebe eventualmente</td>
                <td align="center">16,9 (10)</td>
                <td align="center">45,8 (27)</td>
                <td align="center">37,3 (22)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Bebe todos os dias</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">1 (25)</td>
                <td align="center">3 (75)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Outros</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">1 (100)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Consumo de sal, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Normal</td>
                <td align="center">9 (16,4)</td>
                <td align="center">25 (45,4)</td>
                <td align="center">21 (38,2)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="4">0,932</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Pouco</td>
                <td align="center">10 (20)</td>
                <td align="center">24 (48)</td>
                <td align="center">16 (32)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Muito</td>
                <td align="center">4 (22,2)</td>
                <td align="center">5 (27,8)</td>
                <td align="center">9 (50)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o informou</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">1 (100)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="4">Uso de gordura, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Banha</td>
                <td align="center">100(1)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3">0,195</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&#211;leo vegetal</td>
                <td align="center">19 (17,4)</td>
                <td align="center">51 (46,8)</td>
                <td align="center">39 (35,8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Todas as op&#231;&#245;es</td>
                <td align="center">3 (21,4)</td>
                <td align="center">3 (21,4)</td>
                <td align="center">8 (57,2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="4">Horas de sono, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#227;o informado</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">1 (50)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (50)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="5">0,915</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&#8804; 4</td>
                <td align="center">1 (8,3)</td>
                <td align="center">6 (50)</td>
                <td align="center">5 (41,7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">4-6</td>
                <td align="center">22 (21,4)</td>
                <td align="center">43 (41,7)</td>
                <td align="center">38 (36,9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">6-8</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">2 (50)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (50)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&#8805; 8</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">1 (50)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (50)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN17">
              <p>Dado em frequ&#234;ncias. Valor de p mediante teste qui quadrado.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN18">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>p &lt; 0,05.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o ao estado nutricional, dentre aqueles classificados segundo o ERF como risco intermedi&#225;rio/alto, 72,1% possu&#237;am excesso de peso (IMC &#8805; 25 kg/m&#178;), enquanto que no ERG, 80,9% dos indiv&#237;duos com excesso de peso foram classificados como alto risco. Quanto &#224; obesidade abdominal (PC &#8805; 88/102 cm para mulheres e homens, respectivamente), no ERF 96,9% dos indiv&#237;duos foram classificados como risco intermedi&#225;rio/alto e, no ERG, 95,7% daqueles classificados como alto risco a possu&#237;am. Considerando o excesso de gordura corporal (%GC &gt; 20/30 para homens e mulheres, respectivamente), foi encontrada preval&#234;ncia de 76,9% nos indiv&#237;duos do grupo de risco intermedi&#225;rio/alto do ERF e no ERG 71,4%.</p>
        <p>No grupo de risco intermedi&#225;rio/alto do ERF, a m&#233;dia e o desvio padr&#227;o do IMC (kg/m&#178;) foram superiores se comparados aos valores do grupo de baixo risco (p &lt; 0,05). De acordo com este mesmo escore, o %GC tamb&#233;m foi maior no grupo de risco intermedi&#225;rio/alto, em compara&#231;&#227;o com o grupo de baixo risco (p &lt; 0,05). No grupo de alto risco do ERG, a m&#233;dia do PC foi maior, se comparado aos demais grupos (p &lt; 0,05). (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t10">Tabela 5</xref>)</p>
        <table-wrap id="t10">
          <label>Tabela 5</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Estado nutricional, segundo escores de risco cardiovascular</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Vari&#225;veis</td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid;background-color:#C5C6C8">Escore de Risco de Framingham</td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Valor de p</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                <td align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Baixo risco(n = 165)</td>
                <td align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Risco intermedi&#225;rio/alto(n = 32)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IMC</td>
                <td align="center">28,8 &#177; 5,8</td>
                <td align="center">31,0 &#177; 5,2</td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2">0,048<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN20">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Gordura corporal (%)</td>
                <td align="center">30,7 &#177; 7,9</td>
                <td align="center">31,5 &#177; 7,1</td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2">&lt; 0,001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN20">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                <td align="left">Per&#237;metro da cintura</td>
                <td align="center">95,6 &#177; 14,5</td>
                <td align="center">107,7 &#177; 13,0</td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2">0,621</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Vari&#225;veis</td>
                <td align="center" colspan="3" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid;background-color:#C5C6C8">Escore de Risco Global</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Valor de p</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                <td align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Baixo risco(n=23)</td>
                <td align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Risco intermedi&#225;rio(n=56)</td>
                <td align="center" style="background-color:#C5C6C8">Alto risco(n=47)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IMC</td>
                <td align="center">30,3 &#177; 5,9</td>
                <td align="center">29,4 &#177; 4,4</td>
                <td align="center">31,4 &#177; 5,8</td>
                <td align="center">0,182</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Gordura corporal (%)</td>
                <td align="center">32,6 &#177; 7,3</td>
                <td align="center">30,6 &#177; 8,0</td>
                <td align="center">32,7 &#177; 7,8</td>
                <td align="center">0,436</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Per&#237;metro da cintura</td>
                <td align="center">99,9 &#177; 15,2<sup>a</sup></td>
                <td align="center">99,3 &#177; 11,6<sup>b</sup></td>
                <td align="center">106,1 &#177; 13,4<sup>c</sup></td>
                <td align="center">0,025<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN20">*</xref>
								</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN19">
              <p>Dados s&#227;o apresentados em m&#233;dia (desvio padr&#227;o). Valor de p mediante teste t de Student e An&#225;lise de Vari&#226;ncia. Mediana/m&#233;dia seguidas pela mesma letra, na mesma linha, n&#227;o diferem entre si pelo teste de Tukey ao n&#237;vel de 5% de probabilidade.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN20">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>p &lt; 0,05. IMC: &#237;ndice de massa corporal.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>Conhecer a preval&#234;ncia dos FR e avaliar o risco global de desenvolvimento das DCV s&#227;o indispens&#225;veis para a preven&#231;&#227;o efetiva com a correta defini&#231;&#227;o das metas terap&#234;uticas, a fim de minimizar os riscos e maximizar os benef&#237;cios.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Ao comparar a estratifica&#231;&#227;o do risco entre os escores, percebeu-se que a distribui&#231;&#227;o do risco foi maior no ERG, sendo que, no ERF, o n&#250;mero de indiv&#237;duos classificados como baixo risco foi muito elevado, fato que tamb&#233;m foi identificado no estudo de Oliveira et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>
				</p>
        <p>O ERF foi realizado com medidas de quase meio s&#233;culo. Assim, h&#225; a possibilidade real de que o risco tenha se alterado durante o tempo. Al&#233;m disto, o risco absoluto nos participantes do estudo de Framingham (norte-americanos) n&#227;o &#233; necessariamente o mesmo em outras popula&#231;&#245;es.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Em ambos os escores, ficou evidente a rela&#231;&#227;o estabelecida entre a idade e o risco coron&#225;rio. O aumento de ambas as vari&#225;veis foi proporcional, o que indica a necessidade de tornar mais frequentes e precoces as a&#231;&#245;es de promo&#231;&#227;o da sa&#250;de e de preven&#231;&#227;o de agravos cardiovasculares para a popula&#231;&#227;o de risco, tendo em vista a tend&#234;ncia de aumento da expectativa de vida e a consequente maior possibilidade de exposi&#231;&#227;o aos FR para as DCV.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>
				</p>
        <p>O ERG e o ERF permitiram uma melhor visualiza&#231;&#227;o das vari&#225;veis relacionadas ao risco de desenvolvimento de doen&#231;as coronarianas em 10 anos, tornando essencial a identifica&#231;&#227;o dos indiv&#237;duos expostos ao risco cardiovascular como um grupo-alvo para a tomada de a&#231;&#245;es preventivas cardiovasculares em n&#237;vel individual e populacional.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Deve-se incentivar o aumento da atividade f&#237;sica e as mudan&#231;as espec&#237;ficas na alimenta&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> Interven&#231;&#245;es nutricionais mostram-se efetivas no aux&#237;lio da redu&#231;&#227;o de eventos cardiovasculares em indiv&#237;duos de alto risco. Dietas protetoras s&#227;o baseadas em alimentos de origem vegetal em abund&#226;ncia (frutas, legumes e verduras, cereais integrais, gr&#227;os e leguminosas, nozes e semelhantes), azeite de oliva e &#243;leos vegetais como a principal fonte de gordura.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Ainda, foram encontrados valores superiores de IMC, %GC e PC em indiv&#237;duos com risco intermedi&#225;rio/alto pelos dois escores. De acordo com Barbosa et al., o aumento da morbidade e da mortalidade por doen&#231;as cr&#244;nico-degenerativas est&#225; associado com excesso de peso e dep&#243;sitos de gordura (principalmente a abdominal), favorecendo a ocorr&#234;ncia de eventos cardiovasculares &#8722; particularmente os eventos coronarianos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> Um estudo de Casanueva et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> mostrou que a frequ&#234;ncia de DCV aumentou em paralelo com o aumento da adiposidade, medida pelo IMC ou pelo PC. Al&#233;m disto, a obesidade abdominal tem sido fortemente associada com a dislipidemia e a HAS.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Oliveira et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> encontram que a ocorr&#234;ncia de obesidade por IMC e %GC foi significantemente maior naqueles indiv&#237;duos que apresentaram fen&#243;tipo de cintura hipertriglicerid&#234;mica. Hermsdorff et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref> encontraram que indiv&#237;duos com maior PC e rela&#231;&#227;o cintura-quadril apresentaram maiores concentra&#231;&#245;es de Prote&#237;na C-Reativa (PCR), complemento C3, Interleucina 6 (IL6) e prote&#237;na de liga&#231;&#227;o ao retinol (p &lt; 0,05). Em outro estudo,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref> os indiv&#237;duos com maiores tercis de gordura do tronco e PC apresentaram maiores concentra&#231;&#245;es de PCR e IL6, al&#233;m de maiores valores de press&#227;o arterial, Modelo de Avalia&#231;&#227;o da Homeostase de Resist&#234;ncia &#224; Insulina (HOMA-IR, sigla do ingl&#234;s <italic>Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance</italic>), e raz&#227;o LDL/HDL-c (p &lt; 0,05) &#8722; fatores estes que, associados, aumentam as chances para ocorr&#234;ncia de DCV.</p>
        <p>Em ambos os escores, a presen&#231;a de elevados valores de glicemia de jejum e HAS mostrou aumento proporcional ao risco. A chamada "obesidade visceral" est&#225; associada a uma maior mortalidade que a obesidade perif&#233;rica. Esta diferen&#231;a se deve ao fato de o tecido adiposo visceral ser metabolicamente mais ativo do que o tecido adiposo subcut&#226;neo, causando, por exemplo, uma elevada produ&#231;&#227;o de glicose e, consequentemente, DM tipo 2 e hiperinsulinismo. Esta secre&#231;&#227;o maior de insulina ocasiona reten&#231;&#227;o de s&#243;dio, resultando em HAS.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>
				</p>
        <p>De modo interessante, encontramos que tanto no ERF quanto no ERG, os valores de AU se mostraram aumentados ao evolu&#237;rem dos ER. O aumento agudo da concentra&#231;&#227;o de AU parece ser um fator protetor ao estresse oxidativo, e seu aumento cr&#244;nico est&#225; associado ao risco de doen&#231;as cr&#244;nicas n&#227;o transmiss&#237;veis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref> A hiperuricemia tem sido associada &#224; ocorr&#234;ncia da s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lica, reconhecida como um importante FR cardiovascular. Entretanto, o uso do AU tem sido comumente ignorado na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica e no contexto dos FR; sua inser&#231;&#227;o como vari&#225;vel para estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco cardiovascular pode ser interessante, por ser um exame de f&#225;cil realiza&#231;&#227;o e de baixo custo, sendo &#250;til na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref>
				</p>
        <p>No ERG, pouco mais da metade dos indiv&#237;duos com HAS foram classificados como de alto risco, o que pode ser justificado por sua grande rela&#231;&#227;o com desenvolvimento de doen&#231;as coronarianas, sobretudo devido a fatores sociais e f&#237;sicos (n&#237;vel educacional, CT elevado e DM), que est&#227;o frequentemente associados &#224; HAS. Por haver forte rela&#231;&#227;o com o estilo de vida, esta doen&#231;a pode ser prevenida, reduzida ou tratada com ado&#231;&#227;o de h&#225;bitos saud&#225;veis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Apesar do baixo &#237;ndice de indiv&#237;duos fumantes no presente estudo, o tabagismo se associou de maneira importante e significativa ao risco coronariano em ambos os escores. Sabe-se que tabagismo &#233; um importante FR cardiovascular modific&#225;vel na popula&#231;&#227;o mundial.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref> Segundo Weiner et al,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref> aproximadamente uma em cada cinco mortes por DCV s&#227;o ocasionadas pelo tabagismo, que, isolado, dobra a possibilidade desta enfermidade e, quando associado &#224; altera&#231;&#227;o do CT ou da HAS, este risco &#233; multiplicado por quatro (torna-se oito vezes maior quando os tr&#234;s fatores est&#227;o juntos).</p>
        <p>O presente estudo apresenta limita&#231;&#245;es. Como &#233; transversal, n&#227;o se pode inferir rela&#231;&#227;o causa-efeito nos resultados apresentados. Al&#233;m disto, para c&#225;lculo dos escores, &#233; necess&#225;rio um conjunto de vari&#225;veis, que nem sempre estavam completas nos prontu&#225;rios de todos os usu&#225;rios. Por&#233;m, na literatura, s&#227;o poucos os estudos brasileiros que realizam o c&#225;lculo destes escores para identifica&#231;&#227;o de risco em pacientes com risco cardiometab&#243;lico.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
        <p>Os escores apresentaram diferen&#231;a na distribui&#231;&#227;o do risco. O excesso de peso corporal e os valores de &#225;cido &#250;rico se demonstraram importantes marcadores de risco cardiovascular, al&#233;m daqueles do escore. Ficou evidente a necessidade de realiza&#231;&#227;o de novas pesquisas sobre o tema e a elabora&#231;&#227;o de escores de risco mais espec&#237;ficos para cada popula&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este artigo &#233; parte do Trabalho de Conclus&#227;o de Curso em Nutri&#231;&#227;o de Juliane Soares Rodrigues pela Universidade Federal de Vi&#231;osa</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <ack>
        <title>Agradecimentos</title>
        <p>Agradecemos aos usu&#225;rios do PROCARDIO-UFV, que permitiram a utiliza&#231;&#227;o dos dados, aos profissionais e &#224;s estagi&#225;rias volunt&#225;rias do programa. Tamb&#233;m gostar&#237;amos de agradecer &#224; Pr&#243;-Reitoria de Extens&#227;o e Cultura (PEC/UFV), pela bolsa de extens&#227;o universit&#225;ria concedida a JS Rodrigues, e a Coordena&#231;&#227;o de Aperfei&#231;oamento de Pessoal de N&#237;vel Superior (CAPES), pela bolsa de Mestrado concedida a AP Almeida. HHM Hermsdorff &#233; Bolsista de Produtividade em Pesquisa do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e Tecnol&#243;gico (CNPq).</p>
      </ack>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
