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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ijcs</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Int. J. Cardiovasc. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2359-5647</issn>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2359-4802</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">z6tYtxrDv8nXWyRDZq6qrzq</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S2359-56472017000400299</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/2359-4802.20170057</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>12-Month Clinical Follow-Up of Patients Undergoing Early Invasive Strategy by the Transradial or Transfemoral Approach with Vascular Closure Device</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Andrade</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Beraldo de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mattos</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Alberto Piva e</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rinaldi</surname>
            <given-names>Fabio Salerno</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bienert</surname>
            <given-names>Igor Ribeiro de Castro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barbosa</surname>
            <given-names>Robson Alves</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kreimer</surname>
            <given-names>S&#233;rgio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Esteves</surname>
            <given-names>Vin&#237;cius Cardoso</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tebet</surname>
            <given-names>Marden Andr&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Labrunie</surname>
            <given-names>Andr&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sousa</surname>
            <given-names>Amanda Guerra de Moraes Rego</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Santa Casa de Mar&#237;lia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Mar&#237;lia</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Santa Casa de Mar&#237;lia, Mar&#237;lia, SP</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Rede Dor S&#227;o Luiz</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Rede Dor S&#227;o Luiz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Faculdade de Medicina de Mar&#237;lia</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Mar&#237;lia</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Mar&#237;lia (FAMEMA), Mar&#237;lia, SP</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Faculdade de Medicina de Mar&#237;lia</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o de Londrina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Londrina</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o de Londrina, Londrina, PR</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5">
        <label>5</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Pedro Beraldo de Andrade</bold> Servi&#231;o de Hemodin&#226;mica e Cardiologia Intervencionista da Santa Casa de Mar&#237;lia - Avenida Vicente Ferreira, 828. Postal Code: 17515-900, Mar&#237;lia, S&#227;o Paulo - Brazil. E-mail: <email>pedroberaldo@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Andrade PB, Mattos LAP, Labrunie A, Sousa AGMR. Acquisition of data: Andrade PB, Rinaldi FS, Bienert IRC, Barbosa RA, Labrunie A. Analysis and interpretation of the data: Andrade PB. Statistical analysis: Andrade PB. Obtaining financing: Andrade PB. Writing of the manuscript: Andrade PB. Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Andrade PB, Mattos LAP, Kreimer S, Esteves VC, Tebet MA, Labrunie A, Sousa AGMR.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <season>Jul-Aug</season>
        <year>2017</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>30</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>299</fpage>
      <lpage>306</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>02</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>08</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>The radial approach reduces the prevalence of vascular complications, major bleeding and mortality when compared to the femoral approach. However, the last still prevails as the preferred approach for the performance of invasive coronary procedures, requiring the adoption of strategies to minimize complications.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectives:</title>
          <p>To compare the survival free of major adverse cardiovascular events at 12 months in patients undergoing early intervention strategy by the radial or femoral access with vascular closure device.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>Randomized non inferiority trial involving 240 non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome patients. The survival free of death, myocardial infarction or stroke was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log rank test.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>The 30-day rate of vascular complications in the arterial puncture site was 12.5% in the Angio-Seal group and 13.3% in the radial group (p = 1.000). The 12-month incidence of major bleeding or blood transfusion did not differ between groups (2.5% vs. 1.7%, p = 1.000). There was no difference in survival free of major adverse cardiovascular events (90.8% versus 94.2%, p = 0.328).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusions:</title>
          <p>There was no distinction between the techniques in survival free of major adverse cardiovascular events at 12 months of follow-up. Clinical trials with greater statistical power are needed to validate these findings.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Myocardial Ischemia</kwd>
        <kwd>Percutaneous Coronary Percutaneous</kwd>
        <kwd>Radial Artery</kwd>
        <kwd>Hemostasis</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>The early interventionist strategy represents an important step in the treatment of non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), due to its superiority in reducing death and reinfarction when compared to the conservative strategy.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Since the completion of invasive coronary procedures undergoing therapy Intense antithrombotic therapy predisposes to the occurrence of severe bleeding, with a potential prognostic impact, strategies aimed at preventing this complication guide the contemporary management of this patient profile.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
			</p>
      <p>In this context, the option for radial access, in detriment to the femoral one, has been shown to reduce mortality and severe bleeding rates, especially after obtaining proficiency with the technique.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> In turn, the efficacy and safety resulting from the adoption of vascular occlusion devices (VOD) in the prevention of complications in procedures carried out through the lower limb is still a matter of debate.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> In the randomized clinical trial <italic>Angio-Seal</italic> versus the <italic>Radial approach in acute coronary syndrome</italic> (ARISE) the systematic use of a VOD in patients undergoing invasive stratification by femoral access was shown to be not inferior to radial access with respect of the incidence of vascular complications related to the arterial puncture site at 30 days.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The objective of the present pre-specified analysis of the ARISE study was to compare the incidence of serious adverse cardiovascular events in clinical follow-up of 12 months, according to the access route adopted.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Methods</title>
      <p>The design and rationale of the ARISE pilot study has been previously published.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> In summary, from July 2012 to March 2015, 240 patients with a diagnosis of NSTEMI who underwent invasive stratification were randomized to perform the procedure by radial access or femoral vein with VOD Angio-Seal (St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, Minnesota, US). The choice of Angio-Seal relied on the ease of handling, lower cost and greater casuistry published in the literature in its favor. Patients should present at least two of three markers of greatest clinical severity: ischemic changing in 12-lead electrocardiogram, positivity of biomarkers of myocardial necrosis or more than 60 years age. The objective of this analysis was to compare the techniques for free survival of serious adverse cardiovascular events at 12 months, defined as general mortality, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or cerebrovascular accident (CVA).</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Study procedures</title>
        <p>For the randomization process an aleatory sequence was obtained through computational algorithms and maintained in individual envelopes, allowing allocation concealment. The coronarography, by both, radial and femoral accesses, was performed using the Judkins technique, using arterial introducers with 6 French diameter. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was indicated when a lesion was determined as a culprit lesion of the clinical event, with a severity of stenosis diameter &#8805; 70%, showing a high probability of angiographic success, being performed immediately after the end of coronary angiography and left ventriculography (ad hoc) . Anticoagulation in the hemodynamic laboratory was obtained with intravenous 85-100 U / kg unfractionated heparin, suited to prior subcutaneous administration of enoxaparin or fondaparinux. In order to obtain haemostasis in the radial technique, the TR BAND radial compression device (<italic>Terumo Corporation</italic>, Tokyo, Japan) was applied, according to a protocol previously validated by our center, aiming at maintenance of patent anterograde flow.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> In the femoral technique, The VOD Angio-Seal, preceded by the systematic accomplishment of femoral angiography and maintaining absolute rest in the bed for 60 minutes after achieving adequate hemostasis. The success of the device was defined as the obtaining the adequate hemostasis at the end of the procedure, without the need to apply other compression methods.</p>
        <p>Markers of myocardial necrosis, hemoglobin and hematocrit were measured pre-procedure and between 12 and 24 hours after its completion. Electrocardiogram was performed soon after the procedure or before the suspicion of a new ischemic event. Vascular complications related to arterial access were evaluated during hospitalization and on-site visit in 30 days after the procedure. The late assessment of the occurrence of cardiovascular events was obtained through telephone contact at six and twelve months, as well as by electronic chart review.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Statistical analysis</title>
        <p>Absolute and relative frequencies were presented for the categorical and numerical variables, summary-measures (mean and standard deviation). The existence of associations between two categorical variables was verified using the chi-square test, or alternatively in cases of small samples, Fisher's exact test. The comparison of means between two groups was performed using Student's t-test for independent samples. The survival function free of serious adverse cardiovascular events (death, AMI or CVA) was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier model and compared using the log rank test (Mantel-Cox). A significance level of 5% was used for all statistical tests. Statistical analyzes were performed using the statistical software SPSS 20.0.</p>
        <p>The study was approved by the local research ethics committee and a free and informed consent form was obtained from every participant. There was no source of external funding and the authors are entirely responsible for the design, conduction, data analysis and final drafting of the manuscript.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref> illustrates the inclusion and randomization flowchart of the study. The mean age was 63 years, 30.8% were diabetic, troponin positive was detected in 84.2% of the sample and, except for the greater prevalence of women in the radial group, no differences were observed between the groups (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>). 65% of the evaluated sample was classified as low or very low risk for bleeding from the CRUSADE score. PCI was performed in 86.7% of the cases and the characteristics of the procedures are expressed in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>. Stents were implanted in 97.6% of the cases, with predominance of non-pharmacological stents due to public health system reimbursement policies.</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f1">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Inclusion and randomization flowchart of the ARISE study.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="2359-5647-ijcs-30-04-0299-70057-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Table 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Clinical characteristics of patients</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Variable</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">General(n=240)</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Angio-Seal (n=120)</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Radial (n=120)</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">p</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Age, years (mean(standard deviation SD))</td>
              <td align="center">63.0 &#177; 10.7</td>
              <td align="center">63.6 &#177; 10.2</td>
              <td align="center">62.5 &#177; 11.2</td>
              <td align="center">0.438</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Female gender, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">64 (26.7%)</td>
              <td align="center">24 (20.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">40 (33.3%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.020</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Diabetes mellitus, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">74 (30.8%)</td>
              <td align="center">41 (34.2%)</td>
              <td align="center">33 (27.5%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.263</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Hypertensionl, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">179 (74.6%)</td>
              <td align="center">93 (77.5%)</td>
              <td align="center">86 (71.7%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.299</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Dyslipidemia, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">104 (43.3%)</td>
              <td align="center">52 (43.3%)</td>
              <td align="center">52 (43.3%)</td>
              <td align="center">1.000</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Positive family history, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">72 (30.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">35 (29.2%)</td>
              <td align="center">37 (30.8%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.778</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Smoking, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">82 (34.2%)</td>
              <td align="center">41 (34.2%)</td>
              <td align="center">41 (34.2%)</td>
              <td align="center">1.000</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Previous myocardial infarction, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">13 (5.4%)</td>
              <td align="center">5 (4.2%)</td>
              <td align="center">8 (6.7%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.392</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Previous coronary angioplasty, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">11 (4.6%)</td>
              <td align="center">4 (3.3%)</td>
              <td align="center">7 (5.8%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.354</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Previous revascularization surgery, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">2 (0.8%)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (0.8%)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (0.8%)</td>
              <td align="center">1.000</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Previous stroke, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">16 (6.7%)</td>
              <td align="center">11 (9.2%)</td>
              <td align="center">5 (4.2%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.121</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Creatinine clearance &lt; 60 mL/min, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">50 (20.8%)</td>
              <td align="center">20 (16.7%)</td>
              <td align="center">30 (25.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.112</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Peripheral arterial disease, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">8 (3.3%)</td>
              <td align="center">5 (4.2%)</td>
              <td align="center">3 (2.5%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.472</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">GRACE score &#8805; 140, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">119 (49.6%)</td>
              <td align="center">58 (48.3%)</td>
              <td align="center">61 (50.8%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.699</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </table-wrap>
      <table-wrap id="t2">
        <label>Table 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Angiographic characteristics and procedures</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Variable</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">General (n=240)</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Angio-Seal (n=120)</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Radial(n=120)</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">P</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Ad hoc angioplasty, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">208 (86.7%)</td>
              <td align="center">107 (89.2%)</td>
              <td align="center">101 (84.2%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.255</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Volume of contrast, ml (mean(standard deviation SD))</td>
              <td align="center">163.6 &#177; 46.9</td>
              <td align="center">168.1 &#177; 47.8</td>
              <td align="center">159.1 &#177; 45.7</td>
              <td align="center">0.140</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Fluoroscopy time, min (mean(standard deviation SD))</td>
              <td align="center">8.5 &#177; 5.5</td>
              <td align="center">8.6 &#177; 6.0</td>
              <td align="center">8.5 &#177; 4.9</td>
              <td align="center">0.879</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Enoxaparin, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">114 (47.5%)</td>
              <td align="center">53 (44.2%)</td>
              <td align="center">61 (50.8%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.301</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Fondaparinux, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">117 (48.7%)</td>
              <td align="center">63 (52.5%)</td>
              <td align="center">54 (45.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.245</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Glycoprothein Inhibitor, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">17 (7.1%)</td>
              <td align="center">7 (5.8%)</td>
              <td align="center">10 (8.3%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.450</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">AAS, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">240 (100%)</td>
              <td align="center">120 (100%)</td>
              <td align="center">120 (100%)</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Clopidogrel, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">195 (81.2%)</td>
              <td align="center">99 (82.5%)</td>
              <td align="center">96 (80.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.620</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Ticagrelor, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">45 (18.7%)</td>
              <td align="center">21 (17.5%)</td>
              <td align="center">24 (20.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.620</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Treatment time, days (mean(standard deviation SD))</td>
              <td align="center">3.7 &#177; 2.5</td>
              <td align="center">3.9 &#177; 2.7</td>
              <td align="center">3.6 &#177; 2.3</td>
              <td align="center">0.413</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Atherosclerotic Disease, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.316</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">No lesion</td>
              <td align="center">26 (10.8%)</td>
              <td align="center">9 (7.5%)</td>
              <td align="center">17 (14.2%)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Uniarterial</td>
              <td align="center">112 (46.7%)</td>
              <td align="center">57 (47.5%)</td>
              <td align="center">55 (45.8%)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Biarterial</td>
              <td align="center">70 (29.2%)</td>
              <td align="center">39 (32.5%)</td>
              <td align="center">31 (25.8%)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Triarterial</td>
              <td align="center">32 (13.3%)</td>
              <td align="center">15 (12.5%)</td>
              <td align="center">17 (14.2%)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Ejection fraction, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.433</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Normal</td>
              <td align="center">157 (65.4%)</td>
              <td align="center">79 (65.8%)</td>
              <td align="center">78 (65.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Discrete disfunction</td>
              <td align="center">42 (17.5%)</td>
              <td align="center">17 (14.2%)</td>
              <td align="center">25 (20.8%)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Moderate disfunction</td>
              <td align="center">26 (18.8%)</td>
              <td align="center">15 (12.5%)</td>
              <td align="center">11 (9.2%)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Severe disfunction</td>
              <td align="center">15 (6.2%)</td>
              <td align="center">9 (7.5%)</td>
              <td align="center">6 (5.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Culprit artery, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">0.562</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Left coronary artery trunk</td>
              <td align="center">2 (0.9%)</td>
              <td align="center">2 (1.8%)</td>
              <td align="center">0 (0.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Anterior descending</td>
              <td align="center">106 (50.2%)</td>
              <td align="center">53 (48.6%)</td>
              <td align="center">53 (52.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Circumflex</td>
              <td align="center">36 (17.1%)</td>
              <td align="center">17 (15.6%)</td>
              <td align="center">19 (18.6%)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Right coronary</td>
              <td align="center">65 (30.8%)</td>
              <td align="center">36 (33.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">29 (28.4%)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Ramus intermedius</td>
              <td align="center">2 (1.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (1.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (1.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Stent, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">203 (97.6%)</td>
              <td align="center">105 (98.1%)</td>
              <td align="center">98 (97.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.676</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Ballon, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">5 (2.1%)</td>
              <td align="center">2 (1.7%)</td>
              <td align="center">3 (2.5%)</td>
              <td align="center">1.000</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Number of stents, (mean(standard deviation SD))</td>
              <td align="center">1.1 &#177; 0.4</td>
              <td align="center">1.2 &#177; 0.4</td>
              <td align="center">1.1 &#177; 0.4</td>
              <td align="center">0.406</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Number of lesions, (mean(standard deviation SD))</td>
              <td align="center">1.1 &#177; 0.3</td>
              <td align="center">1.1 &#177; 0.3</td>
              <td align="center">1.1 &#177; 0.3</td>
              <td align="center">0.629</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Stent diameter, (mean(standard deviation SD))</td>
              <td align="center">3.1 &#177; 0.6</td>
              <td align="center">3.1 &#177; 0.6</td>
              <td align="center">3.1 &#177; 0.6</td>
              <td align="center">0.724</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Extension of stent, (mean(standard deviation SD))</td>
              <td align="center">23.4 &#177; 7.5</td>
              <td align="center">23.4 &#177; 7.8</td>
              <td align="center">23.4 &#177; 7.3</td>
              <td align="center">0.948</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Non-drug-eluting stent n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">200 (98.5%)</td>
              <td align="center">103 (98.1%)</td>
              <td align="center">97 (99.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">1.000</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Drug-eluting stent, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">3 (1.5%)</td>
              <td align="center">2 (1.9%)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (1.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">1.000</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Crossover techniques, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">0 (0.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">0 (0.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">0 (0.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">-</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Angiographic success, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">203 (97.6%)</td>
              <td align="center">105 (98.1%)</td>
              <td align="center">98 (97.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.676</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Procedure Success, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">198 (95.2%)</td>
              <td align="center">102 (95.3%)</td>
              <td align="center">96 (95.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">1.000</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Device success, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">234 (97.5%)</td>
              <td align="center">114 (95.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">120 (100.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.029</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Time to discharge, days (mean(standard deviation SD))</td>
              <td align="center">1,4 &#177; 1.4</td>
              <td align="center">1.5 &#177; 1.8</td>
              <td align="center">1.3 &#177; 0.8</td>
              <td align="center">0.311</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>Angiographic and procedural success rates were high (97.6% and 95.2%, respectively). Hemostasis with TR BAND was obtained in 100% of the procedures by radial access, with anterograde flow demonstrated by the oximetric curve in 102 patients (85%). In six (5%) patients in the femoral group, the Angio-Seal device was not sufficient to obtain hemostasis, requiring additional manual compression for a period longer than 10 minutes. The rate of vascular complications at the 30-day arterial puncture site was 12.5% in the Angio-Seal group, at the cost of hematomas &gt; 5 cm, and 13.3% in the radial group, at hematomas &gt; 5 cm (6.7%) and asymptomatic occlusion of the radial artery (5.8%), with no significant difference. There were no cases of arteriovenous fistula, retroperitoneal hematoma, compartment syndrome, limb ischemia, nerve damage or the need for repairing vascular surgery.</p>
      <p>The ischemic endpoints after 1 year according to the used access via are expressed on <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 3</xref>. The rate of severe bleeding or blood transfusion was 2.5% in the Angio-Seal group and 1.7% in the radial group (p = 1,000). <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref> illustrates the free survival curve of serious adverse cardiovascular events compound at 12 months, with no distinction being made between techniques (90.8% versus 94.2%, p = 0.328).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t3">
        <label>Table 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Ischemic adverse cardiovascular events in 12 months</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Variable</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">General (n=240)</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Angio-Seal (n=120)</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Radial (n=120)</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">p</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Cardiovascular death, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">10 (4.2%)</td>
              <td align="center">6 (5.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">4 (3.3%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.769</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Death, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">12 (5.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">7 (5.8%)</td>
              <td align="center">5 (4.2%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.749</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Acute myocardial infarction, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">6 (2.5%)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (0.8%)</td>
              <td align="center">5 (4.2%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.213</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Stent thrombosis, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">4 (1.7%)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (0.8%)</td>
              <td align="center">3 (2.5%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.622</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Stroke, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (0.4%)</td>
              <td align="center">1 (0.8%)</td>
              <td align="center">0 (0.0%)</td>
              <td align="center">1.000</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Major adverse cardiac events, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center">18 (7.5%)</td>
              <td align="center">11 (9.2%)</td>
              <td align="center">7 (5.8%)</td>
              <td align="center">0.463</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>
        <fig id="f2">
          <label>Figure 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Probability of death, acute myocardial infarction or stroke-free survival at 12 months according to the access route adopted.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="2359-5647-ijcs-30-04-0299-70057-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>The approach of NSTEMI contemplates invasive risk stratification risk and potent antithrombotic pharmacotherapy, a strategy that promotes the reduction of ischemic adverse events at the expense of increased bleeding risk. In this scenario, the adoption of the radial technique as an alternative to the femoral technique was shown to be superior in the reduction of vascular complications related to the arterial puncture site and consequently of clinical outcomes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> Encouraging results from unicentric studies with modest sampling were corroborated by large randomized meta-analyzes. Reviewing the data from patients with acute coronary syndrome conducted in a meta-analysis of 17 studies and 19,328 procedures, radial access promoted a significant reduction of 27% in mortality and 40% in severe bleeding.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> Including all spectra of the atherosclerotic coronary disease, meta-analysis with 22,843 participants maintained the observed benefit with reduction of 29% in total mortality and 47% reduction in severe bleeding.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
			</p>
      <p>However, femoral access still prevails as a preferential route for the accomplishment of invasive coronary procedures. In Brazil, it is estimated that the use of the radial technique in PCI make up currently about 30% of the cases.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> Thus, it is imperative to adopt measures able to provide greater safety to the procedure, such as reducing the diameter of the devices endovascular, early removal of the arterial introducer, fluoroscopy or ultrasound guided femoral puncture. On the other hand, the use of DOV in obtaining haemostasis by the femoral technique shows conflicting data about its efficacy, supported mainly by negative studies involving first generation devices, many of which are no longer commercialized.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> However, contemporary analyzes indicate superiority Strategy against manual compression. Among 85,048 ICPs performed between 2007 and 2009, registered in a multicenter registry in the state of Michigan, of which 28,528 used a DOV, they promoted a significant reduction of vascular complications and the need for transfusion.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> The British national real-world registry encompassing 271,485 therapeutic procedures performed between 2006 to 2011 showed a lower 30-day DOV-favorable mortality rate, especially among women, acute coronary syndrome as a form of clinical presentation and recent thrombolysis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The main question still open is whether the DOV present the same effectiveness of the radial technique in the reduction of vascular complications and bleeds related to the access route. The ARISE study adds data to this questioning, since it is the first randomized clinical trial comparing the two strategies in a population of patients with SIMISSST. No differences were observed between the techniques regarding the incidence of vascular complications at 30 days and serious adverse cardiovascular events at 12 months. In fact, it is postulated that the benefits derived from the radial technique are mainly due to the reduction in the prevalence of severe bleeding and the need for blood transfusion,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> which was not observed in our study. Our findings differ from the few publications comparing the radial access to VOD, where the first is associated with a significant reduction of vascular complications, as the main difference between these cases and our study being the non-random nature of them.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The study has limitations, the main one being its small sample size and statistical nature of hypothesis generating. In addition, in all procedures performed by femoral access, the diameter of the devices used was 6 French, and it was not possible to extend the findings to cases where larger diameter devices were used. Since the study population covered predominantly low-risk bleeding patients, the results can not be expanded to situations characterized by a higher risk of bleeding, especially for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction who underwent primary PCI. The Angio-Seal cost-effectiveness analysis, although attested in previous publications,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> was not the scope of this analysis and requires the evaluation of different variables, such as work process in the interventional cardiology laboratory, nature of the procedure, patient risk profile and reimbursement policies.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusions</title>
      <p>In patients submitted to the early interventional strategy in the ARISE pilot study, randomized to the radial or femoral technique with a vascular occlusion device, no distinction was observed in survival free of serious adverse cardiovascular events at 12 months of follow-up. Clinical trials with greater statistical power are necessary for the validation of these findings.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This article is part of the thesis of Doctoral submitted by Pedro Beraldo de Andrade, from Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigos Originais</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Seguimento de 12 Meses de Pacientes Submetidos &#224; Estrat&#233;gia Intervencionista Precoce pelo Acesso Radial ou Femoral com Dispositivo de Oclus&#227;o Vascular</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Andrade</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Beraldo de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mattos</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Alberto Piva e</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rinaldi</surname>
            <given-names>Fabio Salerno</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bienert</surname>
            <given-names>Igor Ribeiro de Castro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barbosa</surname>
            <given-names>Robson Alves</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kreimer</surname>
            <given-names>S&#233;rgio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Esteves</surname>
            <given-names>Vin&#237;cius Cardoso</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tebet</surname>
            <given-names>Marden Andr&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Labrunie</surname>
            <given-names>Andr&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">4</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sousa</surname>
            <given-names>Amanda Guerra de Moraes Rego</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">5</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff6">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="original">Santa Casa de Mar&#237;lia, Mar&#237;lia, SP</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff7">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="original">Rede Dor S&#227;o Luiz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff8">
          <label>3</label>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Mar&#237;lia (FAMEMA), Mar&#237;lia, SP</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff9">
          <label>4</label>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o de Londrina, Londrina, PR</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff10">
          <label>5</label>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Pedro Beraldo de Andrade</bold> Servi&#231;o de Hemodin&#226;mica e Cardiologia Intervencionista da Santa Casa de Mar&#237;lia - Avenida Vicente Ferreira, 828. CEP: 17515-900, Mar&#237;lia, S&#227;o Paulo - Brasil. E-mail: <email>pedroberaldo@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Andrade PB, Mattos LAP, Labrunie A, Sousa AGMR. Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Andrade PB, Rinaldi FS, Bienert IRC, Barbosa RA, Labrunie A. An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Andrade PB. An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Andrade PB. Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento: Andrade PB. Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Andrade PB. Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Andrade PB, Mattos LAP, Kreimer S, Esteves VC, Tebet MA, Labrunie A, Sousa AGMR.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>A t&#233;cnica radial reduz a preval&#234;ncia de complica&#231;&#245;es vasculares, sangramento grave e mortalidade quando cotejada &#224; t&#233;cnica femoral. Entretanto, esta ainda predomina como via de acesso preferencial para a efetiva&#231;&#227;o de procedimentos coron&#225;rios invasivos, requerendo a ado&#231;&#227;o de estrat&#233;gias capazes de minimizar intercorr&#234;ncias.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivos:</title>
          <p>Comparar a sobrevida livre de eventos cardiovasculares adversos graves aos 12 meses de pacientes submetidos &#224; estrat&#233;gia intervencionista precoce pelo acesso radial ou femoral com dispositivo de oclus&#227;o vascular.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>Estudo randomizado de n&#227;o inferioridade envolvendo 240 pacientes com s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda sem supradesn&#237;vel do segmento ST. A fun&#231;&#227;o de sobreviv&#234;ncia livre de morte, infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio ou acidente vascular encef&#225;lico foi estimada pelo modelo de Kaplan-Meier e comparada utilizando-se o teste de log rank.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>A taxa de complica&#231;&#245;es vasculares no s&#237;tio de pun&#231;&#227;o arterial aos 30 dias foi de 12,5% no grupo Angio-Seal e de 13,3% no grupo radial (p = 1,000). A incid&#234;ncia de sangramento grave ou transfus&#227;o sangu&#237;nea aos 12 meses tamb&#233;m n&#227;o diferiu entre os grupos (2,5% versus 1,7%, p = 1,000). N&#227;o se observou diferen&#231;a quanto &#224; curva de sobrevida livre de eventos cardiovasculares adversos graves (90,8% versus 94,2%, p = 0,328).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#245;es:</title>
          <p>N&#227;o houve distin&#231;&#227;o entre as t&#233;cnicas na sobrevida livre de eventos cardiovasculares adversos graves aos 12 meses de seguimento. Ensaios cl&#237;nicos com maior poder estat&#237;stico s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para a valida&#231;&#227;o desses achados.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Isquemia Mioc&#225;rdica</kwd>
        <kwd>interven&#231;&#227;o Coron&#225;ria Percut&#226;nea</kwd>
        <kwd>Arteria Radial</kwd>
        <kwd>Hemostasia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>A estrat&#233;gia intervencionista precoce representa importante etapa no tratamento da s&#237;ndrome isqu&#234;mica mioc&#225;rdica inst&#225;vel sem supradesn&#237;vel do segmento ST (SIMISSST), dada sua superioridade na redu&#231;&#227;o de &#243;bito e reinfarto quando comparada &#224; estrat&#233;gia conservadora.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Uma vez que a realiza&#231;&#227;o de procedimentos coron&#225;rios invasivos sob terap&#234;utica antitromb&#243;tica intensa predisp&#245;e &#224; ocorr&#234;ncia de sangramento grave, com potencial impacto progn&#243;stico, estrat&#233;gias voltadas &#224; preven&#231;&#227;o desta complica&#231;&#227;o norteiam o manejo contempor&#226;neo desse perfil de paciente.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Nesse contexto a op&#231;&#227;o pelo acesso radial, em detrimento ao femoral, comprovadamente reduz as taxas de mortalidade e sangramento grave, notadamente ap&#243;s a obten&#231;&#227;o de profici&#234;ncia com a t&#233;cnica.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> Por sua vez, a efic&#225;cia e a seguran&#231;a advindas da ado&#231;&#227;o de dispositivos de oclus&#227;o vascular (DOV) na preven&#231;&#227;o de complica&#231;&#245;es em procedimentos efetivados pelo membro inferior ainda &#233; motivo de debate.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> No ensaio cl&#237;nico randomizado <italic>Angio-Seal versus the Radial approach in acute coronary Syndrome</italic> (ARISE), a utiliza&#231;&#227;o sistem&#225;tica de um DOV em pacientes submetidos &#224; estratifica&#231;&#227;o invasiva pelo acesso femoral mostrou-se n&#227;o inferior ao acesso radial quanto &#224; incid&#234;ncia de complica&#231;&#245;es vasculares relacionadas ao s&#237;tio de pun&#231;&#227;o arterial aos 30 dias.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
				</p>
        <p>O objetivo da presente an&#225;lise pr&#233;-especificada do estudo ARISE foi comparar a incid&#234;ncia de eventos cardiovasculares adversos graves em acompanhamento cl&#237;nico de 12 meses, conforme a via de acesso adotada.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#233;todos</title>
        <p>O desenho e racional do estudo piloto ARISE j&#225; foi previamente publicado.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> Em resumo, no per&#237;odo de julho de 2012 a mar&#231;o de 2015 foram inclu&#237;dos 240 pacientes com diagn&#243;stico de SIMISSST submetidos &#224; estratifica&#231;&#227;o invasiva, randomizados para a realiza&#231;&#227;o do procedimento pelo acesso radial ou femoral com utiliza&#231;&#227;o do DOV Angio-Seal (St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, Minnesota, US). A escolha do Angio-Seal recaiu pela facilidade de manuseio, menor custo e maior casu&#237;stica publicada na literatura em seu favor. Os pacientes deveriam apresentar ao menos dois de tr&#234;s marcadores de maior gravidade cl&#237;nica: altera&#231;&#227;o isqu&#234;mica no eletrocardiograma de 12 deriva&#231;&#245;es, positividade de biomarcadores de necrose mioc&#225;rdica ou idade &gt; 60 anos. O objetivo desta an&#225;lise foi comparar as t&#233;cnicas quanto &#224; sobrevida livre de eventos cardiovasculares adversos graves aos 12 meses, definidos como mortalidade geral, infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio (IAM) ou acidente vascular encef&#225;lico (AVE).</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Procedimentos do estudo</title>
          <p>Para o processo de randomiza&#231;&#227;o empregou-se uma sequ&#234;ncia aleat&#243;ria, obtida por meio de algoritmos computacionais e mantida em envelopes individuais, permitindo o ocultamento da aloca&#231;&#227;o. A coronariografia, tanto pelo acesso radial quanto pelo femoral, foi efetivada pela t&#233;cnica de Judkins, com utiliza&#231;&#227;o de introdutores arteriais com di&#226;metro 6 French. A interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea (ICP) foi indicada quando identificada uma les&#227;o culpada pelo evento cl&#237;nico, com gravidade de di&#226;metro de estenose &#8805; 70%, exibindo alta probabilidade de sucesso angiogr&#225;fico, sendo realizada imediatamente ap&#243;s o t&#233;rmino da coronariografia e ventriculografia esquerda (<italic>ad hoc</italic>). A anticoagula&#231;&#227;o no laborat&#243;rio de hemodin&#226;mica foi obtida com heparina n&#227;o-fracionada 85-100 U/kg intravenosa, adequando-se &#224; administra&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;via subcut&#226;nea de enoxaparina ou fondaparinux. Para obten&#231;&#227;o da hemostasia na t&#233;cnica radial foi aplicado o dispositivo de compress&#227;o radial TR BAND (<italic>Terumo Corporation</italic>, Tokyo, Japan), conforme protocolo previamente validado por nosso centro, objetivando-se a manuten&#231;&#227;o do fluxo anter&#243;grado patente.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> Na t&#233;cnica femoral, empregou-se o DOV Angio-Seal, precedido pela realiza&#231;&#227;o sistem&#225;tica de angiografia femoral e mantendo-se repouso absoluto no leito por 60 minutos ap&#243;s a obten&#231;&#227;o da hemostasia. O sucesso do dispositivo foi definido como a obten&#231;&#227;o de hemostasia adequada ao t&#233;rmino do procedimento, sem necessidade de aplica&#231;&#227;o de outros m&#233;todos de compress&#227;o.</p>
          <p>Marcadores de necrose mioc&#225;rdica, hemoglobina e hemat&#243;crito foram aferidos pr&#233;-procedimento e entre 12 e 24 horas ap&#243;s o seu t&#233;rmino. Eletrocardiograma foi realizado logo ap&#243;s o procedimento ou diante da suspeita de um novo evento isqu&#234;mico. Complica&#231;&#245;es vasculares relacionadas ao acesso arterial foram avaliadas durante a hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o e em visita presencial de 30 dias ap&#243;s a realiza&#231;&#227;o do procedimento. A aferi&#231;&#227;o tardia da ocorr&#234;ncia de eventos cardiovasculares foi obtida atrav&#233;s de contato telef&#244;nico aos seis e doze meses, bem como pela revis&#227;o de prontu&#225;rio eletr&#244;nico.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
          <p>Para as vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram apresentadas frequ&#234;ncias absolutas e relativas e para as vari&#225;veis num&#233;ricas, medidas-resumo (m&#233;dia e desvio padr&#227;o). A exist&#234;ncia de associa&#231;&#245;es entre duas vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foi verificada utilizando-se o teste de qui-quadrado, ou alternativamente em casos de amostras pequenas, o teste exato de Fisher. A compara&#231;&#227;o de m&#233;dias entre dois grupos foi realizada utilizando-se o teste t de Student para amostras independentes. A fun&#231;&#227;o de sobreviv&#234;ncia livre de eventos cardiovasculares adversos graves (morte, IAM ou AVE) foi estimada pelo modelo de Kaplan-Meier e comparada utilizando-se o teste de log rank (Mantel-Cox). Para todos os testes estat&#237;sticos foi utilizado um n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia de 5%. As an&#225;lises estat&#237;sticas foram realizadas com o uso do software estat&#237;stico SPSS 20.0.</p>
          <p>O estudo foi aprovado pelo comit&#234; de &#233;tica em pesquisa local e um termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido foi obtido de todo participante. N&#227;o houve fonte de financiamento externa e os autores s&#227;o inteiramente respons&#225;veis pela concep&#231;&#227;o, condu&#231;&#227;o, an&#225;lise dos dados e reda&#231;&#227;o final do manuscrito.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <p>A <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 1</xref> ilustra o fluxograma de inclus&#227;o e randomiza&#231;&#227;o do estudo. A m&#233;dia de idade foi de 63 anos, 30,8% eram diab&#233;ticos, troponina positiva foi detectada em 84,2% da amostra e, excetuando-se a maior preval&#234;ncia de mulheres no grupo radial, n&#227;o foram observadas diferen&#231;as entre os grupos (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Tabela 1</xref>). 65% da amostra avaliada foi classificada como de baixo ou muito baixo risco para sangramento pelo escore de CRUSADE. ICP foi realizada em 86,7% dos casos e as caracter&#237;sticas dos procedimentos est&#227;o expressas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Tabela 2</xref>. Stents foram implantados em 97,6% dos casos, com predom&#237;nio de stents n&#227;o farmacol&#243;gicos, devido a pol&#237;ticas de reembolso do sistema de sa&#250;de p&#250;blico.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t4">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas dos pacientes</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Vari&#225;vel</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Geral(n=240)</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Angio-Seal (n=120)</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Radial (n=120)</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Idade, anos [m&#233;dia (desvio padr&#227;o)]</td>
                <td align="center">63,0 &#177; 10,7</td>
                <td align="center">63,6 &#177; 10,2</td>
                <td align="center">62,5 &#177; 11,2</td>
                <td align="center">0,438</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sexo feminino, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">64 (26,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">24 (20,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">40 (33,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,020</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Diabetes mellitus, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">74 (30,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">41 (34,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">33 (27,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,263</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hipertens&#227;o arterial, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">179 (74,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">93 (77,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">86 (71,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,299</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Dislipidemia, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">104 (43,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">52 (43,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">52 (43,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">1,000</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hist&#243;ria familiar positiva, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">72 (30,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">35 (29,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">37 (30,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,778</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tabagismo, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">82 (34,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">41 (34,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">41 (34,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">1,000</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Infarto do mioc&#225;rdio pr&#233;vio, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">13 (5,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">5 (4,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">8 (6,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,392</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Angioplastia coronariana pr&#233;via, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">11 (4,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">4 (3,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">7 (5,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,354</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;via, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (0,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (0,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (0,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">1,000</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Acidente vascular encef&#225;lico pr&#233;vio, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">16 (6,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">11 (9,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">5 (4,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,121</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Clearance creatinina &lt; 60 mL/min, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">50 (20,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">20 (16,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">30 (25,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,112</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Insufici&#234;ncia arterial perif&#233;rica, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">8 (3,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">5 (4,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">3 (2,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,472</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Escore de GRACE &#8805; 140, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">119 (49,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">58 (48,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">61 (50,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,699</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <table-wrap id="t5">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Caracter&#237;sticas angiogr&#225;ficas e dos procedimentos</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Vari&#225;vel</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Geral(n=240)</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">AngioSeal (n=120)</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Radial(n=120)</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">P</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Angioplastia ad hoc, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">208 (86,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">107 (89.2%)</td>
                <td align="center">101 (84,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,255</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Volume de contraste, ml [m&#233;dia (desvio padr&#227;o)]</td>
                <td align="center">163,6 &#177; 46,9</td>
                <td align="center">168,1 &#177; 47,8</td>
                <td align="center">159,1 &#177; 45,7</td>
                <td align="center">0,140</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tempo de fluoroscopia, min [m&#233;dia (desvio padr&#227;o)]</td>
                <td align="center">8,5 &#177; 5,5</td>
                <td align="center">8,6 &#177; 6,0</td>
                <td align="center">8,5 &#177; 4,9</td>
                <td align="center">0,879</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Enoxaparina, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">114 (47,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">53 (44,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">61 (50,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,301</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Fondaparinux, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">117 (48,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">63 (52,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">54 (45,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,245</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Inibidor de glicoprote&#237;na IIbIIIa, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">17 (7,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">7 (5,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">10 (8,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,450</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">AAS, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">240 (100%)</td>
                <td align="center">120 (100%)</td>
                <td align="center">120 (100%)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Clopidogrel, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">195 (81,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">99 (82,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">96 (80,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,620</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Ticagrelor, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">45 (18,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">21 (17,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">24 (20,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,620</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tempo de tratamento, dias [m&#233;dia (desvio padr&#227;o)]</td>
                <td align="center">3,7 &#177; 2,5</td>
                <td align="center">3,9 &#177; 2,7</td>
                <td align="center">3,6 &#177; 2,3</td>
                <td align="center">0,413</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,316</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sem les&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">26 (10,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">9 (7,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">17 (14,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Uniarterial</td>
                <td align="center">112 (46,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">57 (47,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">55 (45,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Biarterial</td>
                <td align="center">70 (29,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">39 (32,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">31 (25,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Triarterial</td>
                <td align="center">32 (13,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">15 (12,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">17 (14,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,433</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Normal</td>
                <td align="center">157 (65,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">79 (65,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">78 (65,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Disfun&#231;&#227;o discreta</td>
                <td align="center">42 (17,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">17 (14,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">25 (20,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Disfun&#231;&#227;o moderada</td>
                <td align="center">26 (18,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">15 (12,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">11 (9,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Disfun&#231;&#227;o grave</td>
                <td align="center">15 (6,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">9 (7,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">6 (5,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Art&#233;ria Culpada, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">0,562</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tronco de coron&#225;ria esquerda</td>
                <td align="center">2 (0,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (1,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">0 (0,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Descendente anterior</td>
                <td align="center">106 (50,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">53 (48,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">53 (52,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Circunflexa</td>
                <td align="center">36 (17,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">17 (15,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">19 (18,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Coron&#225;ria direita</td>
                <td align="center">65 (30,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">36 (33,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">29 (28,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Ramo interm&#233;dio</td>
                <td align="center">2 (1,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Stent, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">203 (97,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">105 (98,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">98 (97,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,676</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Bal&#227;o, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">5 (2,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (1,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">3 (2,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">1,000</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#250;mero de stents, m&#233;dia (desvio padr&#227;o)</td>
                <td align="center">1,1 &#177; 0,4</td>
                <td align="center">1,2 &#177; 0,4</td>
                <td align="center">1,1 &#177; 0,4</td>
                <td align="center">0,406</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">N&#250;mero de les&#245;es, m&#233;dia (desvio padr&#227;o)</td>
                <td align="center">1,1 &#177; 0,3</td>
                <td align="center">1,1 &#177; 0,3</td>
                <td align="center">1,1 &#177; 0,3</td>
                <td align="center">0,629</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Di&#226;metro do stent, m&#233;dia (desvio padr&#227;o)</td>
                <td align="center">3,1 &#177; 0,6</td>
                <td align="center">3,1 &#177; 0,6</td>
                <td align="center">3,1 &#177; 0,6</td>
                <td align="center">0,724</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Extens&#227;o do stent, m&#233;dia (desvio padr&#227;o)</td>
                <td align="center">23,4 &#177; 7,5</td>
                <td align="center">23,4 &#177; 7,8</td>
                <td align="center">23,4 &#177; 7,3</td>
                <td align="center">0,948</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Stent n&#227;o farmacol&#243;gico, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">200 (98,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">103 (98,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">97 (99,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">1,000</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Stent farmacol&#243;gico, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">3 (1,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (1,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">1,000</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Cruzamento entre t&#233;cnicas, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">0 (0,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">0 (0,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">0 (0,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sucesso angiogr&#225;fico, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">203 (97,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">105 (98,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">98 (97,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,676</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sucesso do procedimento, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">198 (95,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">102 (95,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">96 (95,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">1,000</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sucesso do dispositivo, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">234 (97,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">114 (95,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">120 (100,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,029</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tempo at&#233; a alta, dias [m&#233;dia (desvio padr&#227;o)]</td>
                <td align="center">1,4 &#177; 1,4</td>
                <td align="center">1,5 &#177; 1,8</td>
                <td align="center">1,3 &#177; 0,8</td>
                <td align="center">0,311</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>
          <fig id="f3">
            <label>Figura 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Fluxograma de inclus&#227;o e randomiza&#231;&#227;o do estudo ARISE.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="2359-5647-ijcs-30-04-0299-70057-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>As taxas de sucesso angiogr&#225;fico e do procedimento foram elevadas (97,6% e 95,2%, respectivamente). A hemostasia com TR BAND foi obtida em 100% dos procedimentos pelo acesso radial, com demonstra&#231;&#227;o de fluxo anter&#243;grado patente pela curva oxim&#233;trica em 102 pacientes (85%). Em seis (5%) pacientes no grupo femoral, o dispositivo Angio-Seal n&#227;o foi suficiente para obten&#231;&#227;o da hemostasia, requerendo compress&#227;o manual adicional por per&#237;odo superior a 10 minutos. A taxa de complica&#231;&#245;es vasculares no s&#237;tio de pun&#231;&#227;o arterial aos 30 dias foi de 12,5% no grupo Angio-Seal, &#224; custa de hematomas &gt; 5 cm, e de 13,3% no grupo radial, &#224; custa de hematomas &gt; 5 cm (6,7%) e oclus&#227;o assintom&#225;tica da art&#233;ria radial (5,8%), sem diferen&#231;a significativa. N&#227;o houve casos de f&#237;stula arteriovenosa, hematoma retroperitoneal, s&#237;ndrome compartimental, isquemia de membro, les&#227;o de nervo ou necessidade de cirurgia vascular reparadora.</p>
        <p>Os desfechos isqu&#234;micos em 1 ano conforme a via de acesso utilizada est&#227;o expressos na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabela 3</xref>. A taxa de sangramento grave ou transfus&#227;o sangu&#237;nea foi de 2,5% no grupo Angio-Seal e 1,7% no grupo radial (p = 1,000). A <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">figura 2</xref> ilustra a curva de sobrevida livre de eventos cardiovasculares adversos graves compostos aos 12 meses, n&#227;o se observando distin&#231;&#227;o entre as t&#233;cnicas (90,8% versus 94,2%, p = 0,328).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t6">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Eventos cardiovasculares adversos isqu&#234;micos em 12 meses</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Vari&#225;vel</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Geral (n=240)</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Angio-Seal (n=120)</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Radial (n=120)</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Morte cardiovascular, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">10 (4,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">6 (5,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">4 (3,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,769</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Morte total, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">12 (5,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">7 (5,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">5 (4,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,749</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">6 (2,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (0,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">5 (4,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,213</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Trombose de stent, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">4 (1,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (0,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">3 (2,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,622</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Acidente vascular encef&#225;lico, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (0,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (0,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">0 (0,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">1,000</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Eventos cardiovasculares adversos graves, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">18 (7,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">11 (9,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">7 (5,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,463</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>
          <fig id="f4">
            <label>Figura 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Probabilidade de sobrevida livre de morte, infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio ou acidente vascular encef&#225;lico aos 12 meses conforme a via de acesso adotada.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="2359-5647-ijcs-30-04-0299-70057-gf02-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>A abordagem da SIMISSST contempla a estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco invasiva e a farmacoterapia antitromb&#243;tica potente, estrat&#233;gia esta que promove redu&#231;&#227;o de eventos adversos isqu&#234;micos &#224; custa do aumento no risco de sangramento. Nesse cen&#225;rio, a ado&#231;&#227;o da t&#233;cnica radial como alternativa &#224; t&#233;cnica femoral mostrou-se superior na redu&#231;&#227;o de complica&#231;&#245;es vasculares relacionadas ao s&#237;tio de pun&#231;&#227;o arterial e consequentemente de desfechos cl&#237;nicos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> Resultados encorajadores de estudos unic&#234;ntricos com amostragem modesta foram corroborados por grandes ensaios randomizados e meta-an&#225;lises. Analisando-se os dados de pacientes com s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda conduzidos invasivamente em meta-an&#225;lise de 17 estudos e 19.328 procedimentos, o acesso radial promoveu redu&#231;&#227;o significativa de 27% em mortalidade e de 40% em sangramento grave.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> Englobando todos os espectros da doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica coronariana, meta-an&#225;lise com 22.843 participantes manteve o benef&#237;cio observado com redu&#231;&#227;o de 29% em mortalidade total e 47% em sangramento grave.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Entretanto o acesso femoral ainda prepondera como via preferencial para a efetiva&#231;&#227;o de procedimentos coron&#225;rios invasivos. No Brasil estima-se que a utiliza&#231;&#227;o da t&#233;cnica radial em ICP perfa&#231;a atualmente cerca de 30% dos casos.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> Assim, faz-se premente a ado&#231;&#227;o de medidas capazes de conferir maior seguran&#231;a ao procedimento, tais como redu&#231;&#227;o do di&#226;metro dos dispositivos endovasculares, remo&#231;&#227;o precoce do introdutor arterial, pun&#231;&#227;o femoral guiada por fluoroscopia ou por ultrassom. Por sua vez, o emprego de DOV na obten&#231;&#227;o de hemostasia pela t&#233;cnica femoral exibe dados conflitantes acerca de sua efic&#225;cia, amparados sobretudo por estudos negativos envolvendo dispositivos de primeira gera&#231;&#227;o, muitos dos quais n&#227;o mais comercializados.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> Por&#233;m, an&#225;lises contempor&#226;neas apontam superioridade dessa estrat&#233;gia frente &#224; compress&#227;o manual. Dentre 85.048 ICPs realizadas entre 2007 a 2009, cadastradas em registro multic&#234;ntrico do estado de Michigan, das quais 28.528 utilizaram um DOV, estes promoveram redu&#231;&#227;o significativa de complica&#231;&#245;es vasculares e necessidade de transfus&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> Registro nacional brit&#226;nico de mundo real englobando 271.485 procedimentos terap&#234;uticos realizados entre 2006 a 2011 apontou menor taxa de mortalidade aos 30 dias favor&#225;vel aos DOV, notadamente entre mulheres, s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda como forma de apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica e tromb&#243;lise recente.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>
				</p>
        <p>A principal quest&#227;o ainda em aberto &#233; se os DOV apresentam a mesma efic&#225;cia da t&#233;cnica radial na redu&#231;&#227;o de complica&#231;&#245;es vasculares e sangramentos relacionados &#224; via de acesso. O estudo ARISE agrega dados a esse questionamento, uma vez tratar-se do primeiro ensaio cl&#237;nico randomizado comparando as duas estrat&#233;gias em uma popula&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com SIMISSST. N&#227;o foram observadas diferen&#231;as entre as t&#233;cnicas quanto &#224; incid&#234;ncia de complica&#231;&#245;es vasculares aos 30 dias e eventos cardiovasculares adversos graves aos 12 meses. De fato, postula-se que os benef&#237;cios advindos da t&#233;cnica radial devam-se sobretudo pela redu&#231;&#227;o na preval&#234;ncia de sangramento grave e necessidade de transfus&#227;o sangu&#237;nea,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> situa&#231;&#227;o esta n&#227;o observada em nosso estudo. Nossos achados divergem das poucas publica&#231;&#245;es comparando o acesso radial a DOV, onde o primeiro se associa &#224; redu&#231;&#227;o significativa de complica&#231;&#245;es vasculares, sendo a principal diferen&#231;a entre essas casu&#237;sticas e nosso estudo a natureza n&#227;o rand&#244;mica das mesmas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>
				</p>
        <p>O estudo possui limita&#231;&#245;es, sendo a principal delas seu pequeno tamanho amostral e natureza estat&#237;stica geradora de hip&#243;tese. Al&#233;m disso, em todos os procedimentos realizados pelo acesso femoral, o di&#226;metro dos dispositivos utilizados foi de 6 French, n&#227;o permitindo estender os achados para casos onde dispositivos de maior di&#226;metro sejam utilizados. Uma vez que a popula&#231;&#227;o analisada abrangeu predominantemente pacientes de baixo risco de sangramento, os resultados tamb&#233;m n&#227;o podem ser extrapolados para situa&#231;&#245;es caracterizadas por maior risco de sangramento, sobretudo para pacientes com IAM com supradesn&#237;vel do segmento ST submetidos &#224; ICP prim&#225;ria. A an&#225;lise de custo-efetividade do Angio-Seal, embora atestada em publica&#231;&#245;es pr&#233;vias,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> n&#227;o foi escopo desta an&#225;lise e requer a aprecia&#231;&#227;o de diferentes vari&#225;veis, tais como processo de trabalho no laborat&#243;rio de cardiologia intervencionista, natureza do procedimento, perfil de risco do paciente e pol&#237;ticas de reembolso.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
        <p>Em pacientes submetidos &#224; estrat&#233;gia intervencionista precoce no estudo piloto ARISE, randomizados para a t&#233;cnica radial ou femoral com dispositivo de oclus&#227;o vascular, n&#227;o se observou distin&#231;&#227;o na sobrevida livre de eventos cardiovasculares adversos graves aos 12 meses de seguimento. Ensaios cl&#237;nicos com maior poder estat&#237;stico s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para a valida&#231;&#227;o desses achados. </p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Este artigo &#233; parte de tese de Doutorado de Pedro Beraldo de Andrade pela Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Full texts in English - <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.onlineijcs.org">http://www.onlineijcs.org</ext-link>
					</p>
        </fn>
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  </sub-article>
</article>
