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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ijcs</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Int. J. Cardiovasc. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2359-5647</issn>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2359-4802</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">jvpf44KzWyCzsFdCHyBQ8sK</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S2359-56472017000300274</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/2359-4802.20170030</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Reports</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Case Report: Catheter-Related Interatrial Septum Endocarditis Caused by Candida Parapsilosis</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ara&#250;jo</surname>
            <given-names>Gustavo Neves de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Valle</surname>
            <given-names>Felipe H.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Freitas</surname>
            <given-names>Douglas M.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lampa</surname>
            <given-names>Felipe Martins</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gus</surname>
            <given-names>Miguel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rohde</surname>
            <given-names>Luis E.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Divis&#227;o de Cardiologia</institution>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre, Divis&#227;o de Cardiologia; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Felipe Martins Lampa</bold>, Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre. Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. Postal Code: 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil. E-mail: <email>lampabr@yahoo.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Ara&#250;jo GN, Valle FH, Freitas DM, Lampa FM, Gus M, Rohde LE. Acquisition of data: Ara&#250;jo GN, Valle FH, Freitas DM, Lampa FM. Analysis and interpretation of the data: Ara&#250;jo GN, Valle FH, Freitas DM, Gus M. Writing of the manuscript: Ara&#250;jo GN, Lampa FM, Gus M, Rohde LE. Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Gus M, Rohde LE.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <season>May-Jun</season>
        <year>2017</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>30</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>274</fpage>
      <lpage>276</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>27</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>03</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Renal Insufficiency, Chronic</kwd>
        <kwd>Catheter-Related Infections</kwd>
        <kwd>Endocarditis, Bacterial</kwd>
        <kwd>Candida</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>Patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease without mature arteriovenous fistula frequently require central venous access for dialytic therapy. More than 15 percent of patients who receive these catheters have complications such as infection, arterial puncture, thrombosis and pneumothorax.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> Infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare and serious complication with high morbidity and mortality. Right-sided endocarditis is uncommon due to low hemodynamic pressure, but patients using central venous catheters have an increased risk.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> The correct therapeutic approach whenever there is no valvar involvement is not well defined. We report a case of interatrial septum endocarditis caused by candida sp., associated to the prolonged use of catheter.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Case Report</title>
      <p>A 49-year-old chronic dialysis female patient, with tunneled catheter due to multiple episodes of arteriovenous fistula malfunction, was sent from the dialysis clinic to emergency department. She had presented with fever and chills during dialysis sessions in the previous week. She also had dyspnea, dry cough and nausea.</p>
      <p>At admission, she had a central venous catheter placed at the right subclavian vein with flogistic signs. Cardiovascular examination was normal, without murmur. There was no other relevant information in the physical examination.</p>
      <p>Blood tests showed altered CBC (hemoglobin 9.6 mg/dL, leucocytes 3400 - 8.5% young forms) and positive inflammatory tests (C - reactive protein 26.2 mg/dL, reference level &lt; 4 mg/dL). Cultures were positive for <italic>candida parapsilosis</italic>.</p>
      <p>Chest X-ray showed no changes in lung parenchyma. A venous catheter was placed in the right atrium/inferior vena cava. There were no relevant alterations in the ECG. Transesophageal (TE) Echocardiogram (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figure 1</xref>) showed normal left and right ventricle and left atrium. The right atrium had a catheter inside, and a mobile image of 1.5 x 1.2 cm within the inferior vena cava, close to the catheter tip adhered to interatrial septum.</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f1">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Transesophageal echocardiogram showing a mobile image (T) of 1.5 x 1.2 cm adhered to interatrial septum, close to the catheter (C) tip.</title>
            <p>IVC: inferior vena cava; LA: left atrium; RA: right atrium; RV: right ventricle; LV: left ventricle; S: septum.</p>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="2359-5647-ijcs-30-03-0274-70030-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>Since there was no valvar involvement, the heart team decided not to submit the patient to heart surgery. Antibiotic therapy was started with Amphotericin B and changed to Fluconazole after a fungal susceptibility test was performed. Control echocardiography after two weeks showed regression of the vegetation size. The patient was discharged with a prescription for oral Fluconazole 800 mg for dialysis days (three times a week). After three months, the patient was asymptomatic and control TE echocardiogram (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 2</xref>) did not show vegetation. Thus, antifungal treatment was suspended.</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f2">
          <label>Figure 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Control transesophageal echocardiogram performed three months after diagnosis showing complete regression of the thrombus.</title>
            <p>S: septum; LA: left atrium; RA: right atrium; SVC: superior vena cava.</p>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="2359-5647-ijcs-30-03-0274-70030-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>IE is significantly more common in hemodialysis patients than in the general population.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> The use of a central venous catheter (either permanent or temporary) increases that risk.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
			</p>
      <p>In patients on chronic HD, IE affects mainly native valves and only a small percentage of cases (20%) are seen in prosthetic valves.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> It usually involves the left side of the heart, but patients using central venous catheters have increased risk of developing right-sided IE due to mechanical injuries during guidewire insertion and forceful injection through the catheter.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Right-sided IE represents 5-10% of all IEs, and is classically related to intravenous drug use.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> IE affecting the interatrial septum is even less common and has only been described in association to prosthetic devices, such as valves and patches.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> As far as we know, this was the first case described of catheter-related interatrial endocarditis.</p>
      <p>Common microorganisms causing IE in HD patients are staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus and streptococcus. Gram-negative species are rarely found, and fungal agents are even rarer.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Our patient had no heart murmur and no embolic or immunologic signs of endocarditis, making the diagnosis challenging. Especially in dialytic patients with long term venous catheters, the diagnosis of right sided endocarditis requires a high rate of suspicion. It is imperative that patients with long term catheters have the catheter's tip placed correctly in the superior vena cava, confirmed by imaging, in order to avoid complications.</p>
      <p>There is no specific guideline recommendation for the treatment of IE without valvar involvement, so we chose not to operate on the patient even in the presence of fungal infection. We maintained antifungal therapy for approximately 4 months, and the drug was suspended after confirming complete regression of the lesion with TE echocardiogram. Removal of the permanent catheter in this situation is highly recommended.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>
			</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relatos de Caso</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Relato de Caso: Endocardite de Septo Interatrial Relacionada a Cateter Causada por C&#226;ndida Parapsilosis</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ara&#250;jo</surname>
            <given-names>Gustavo Neves de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Valle</surname>
            <given-names>Felipe H.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Freitas</surname>
            <given-names>Douglas M.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lampa</surname>
            <given-names>Felipe Martins</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gus</surname>
            <given-names>Miguel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rohde</surname>
            <given-names>Luis E.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre, Divis&#227;o de Cardiologia; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Felipe Martins Lampa</bold>, Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre. Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. CEP: 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil. E-mail: <email>lampabr@yahoo.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Ara&#250;jo GN, Valle FH, Freitas DM, Lampa FM, Gus M, Rohde LE. Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Ara&#250;jo GN, Valle FH, Freitas DM, Lampa FM. An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Ara&#250;jo GN, Valle FH, Freitas DM, Gus M. Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Ara&#250;jo GN, Lampa FM, Gus M, Rohde LE. Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Gus M, Rohde LE.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Renal Cr&#244;nica</kwd>
        <kwd>Infec&#231;&#245;es Relacionadas com Cateteres</kwd>
        <kwd>Endocardite Bacteriana</kwd>
        <kwd>Candida</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>Pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia renal cr&#244;nica em est&#225;gio avan&#231;ado sem f&#237;stula arteriovenosa maturada necessitam, frequentemente, de acesso venoso central para di&#225;lise. Mais de 15% dos pacientes que utilizam esses cateteres t&#234;m complica&#231;&#245;es como infec&#231;&#245;es, pun&#231;&#227;o arterial, trombose e pneumot&#243;rax.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> A endocardite infecciosa (EI) &#233; uma rara e grave complica&#231;&#227;o com alto &#237;ndice de mortalidade. A endocardite do lado direito n&#227;o &#233; comum devido &#224; baixa press&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica, mas pacientes com cateter venoso central apresentam maior risco.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> A abordagem terap&#234;utica correta em casos em que n&#227;o h&#225; envolvimento valvar ainda n&#227;o est&#225; bem definida. Aqui relatamos um caso de endocardite do septo interatrial causada por c&#226;ndida sp., relacionada ao uso prolongado de cateter.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Relato do Caso</title>
        <p>Uma paciente de di&#225;lise cr&#244;nica de 49 anos, com cateter tunelizado devido a diversos epis&#243;dios de disfun&#231;&#227;o da f&#237;stula arteriovenosa, foi encaminhada da cl&#237;nica de di&#225;lise para o pronto atendimento. A paciente havia apresentado, na semana anterior, febre e calafrios durante sess&#245;es de di&#225;lise. Tamb&#233;m apresentava dispneia, tosse seca e n&#225;usea.</p>
        <p>No momento da interna&#231;&#227;o, a paciente tinha um cateter venoso na veia subcl&#225;via direita com sinais flog&#237;sticos. O exame cardiovascular mostrou-se normal, sem sopro. N&#227;o foram achadas outras informa&#231;&#245;es relevantes no exame f&#237;sico.</p>
        <p>O exame de sangue apresentou altera&#231;&#245;es no CBC (hemoglobina 9,6 mg/dL, leuc&#243;citos 3400 - 8,5% de formas imaturas) e testes inflamat&#243;rios positivos (prote&#237;na C reativa 26,2 mg/dL, valor de refer&#234;ncia &lt; 4 mg/dL). Culturas foram positivas para c&#226;ndida parapsilosis.</p>
        <p>O raio X de t&#243;rax n&#227;o mostrou altera&#231;&#245;es no par&#234;nquima pulmonar. Um cateter venoso foi colocado no &#225;trio direito/ veia cava inferior. O ECG n&#227;o apontou altera&#231;&#245;es relevantes. Os ventr&#237;culos esquerdo e direito e o &#225;trio esquerdo mostraram-se normais no ecocardiograma transesof&#225;gico (TE) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 1</xref>). Havia um cateter dentro do &#225;trio direito, e uma imagem m&#243;vel de 1,5 x 1,2 cm dentro da veia cava inferior, pr&#243;ximo &#224; ponta do cateter aderido ao septo interatrial.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f3">
            <label>Figura 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Ecocardiograma transesof&#225;gico mostrando imagem m&#243;vel (T) de 1,5 x 1,2 cm aderida ao septo interatrial, pr&#243;xima &#224; ponta do cateter (C).</title>
              <p>IVC: veia cava inferior; LA: &#225;trio esquerdo; RA: &#225;trio direito; RV: ventr&#237;culo direito; LV: ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; S: septo.</p>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="2359-5647-ijcs-30-03-0274-70030-gf01-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>Considerando-se que n&#227;o havia envolvimento valvar, a equipe de cardiologia decidiu n&#227;o submeter a paciente a uma cirurgia card&#237;aca. O tratamento com antibi&#243;ticos foi iniciado com Anfotericina B, e depois alterado para Fluconazol ap&#243;s a realiza&#231;&#227;o do teste de susceptibilidade f&#250;ngica. Uma ecocardiografia de controle feita ap&#243;s duas semanas mostrou regress&#227;o do tamanho vegeta&#231;&#227;o. A paciente teve alta com prescri&#231;&#227;o para Fluconazol via oral de 800 mg para dias de di&#225;lise (tr&#234;s vezes por semana). Ap&#243;s tr&#234;s meses, a paciente apresentava-se assintom&#225;tica e n&#227;o foi encontrada vegeta&#231;&#227;o no ecocardiograma TE de controle (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 2</xref>). Dessa forma, o tratamento antif&#250;ngico foi suspenso.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f4">
            <label>Figura 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Ecocardiograma transesof&#225;gico de controle feito tr&#234;s meses ap&#243;s o diagn&#243;stico, mostrando regress&#227;o completa do trombo. </title>
              <p>S: septo; LA: &#225;trio esquerdo; RA: &#225;trio direito; SVC: veia cava superior.</p>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="2359-5647-ijcs-30-03-0274-70030-gf02-pt.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>A EI &#233; significativamente mais comum em pacientes que fazem hemodi&#225;lise do que na popula&#231;&#227;o em geral.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> O uso de cateter venoso central (permanente ou tempor&#225;rio) aumenta tal risco.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Em pacientes de HD cr&#244;nicos, a EI afeta principalmente as v&#225;lvulas nativas, e apenas uma pequena porcentagem de casos (20%) s&#227;o vistos em v&#225;lvulas prost&#233;ticas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> A IE envolve o lado esquerdo do cora&#231;&#227;o, mas pacientes que usam cateteres venosos centrais t&#234;m maior risco de desenvolver EI do lado direito devido a danos mec&#226;nicos durante a inser&#231;&#227;o do fio-guia e inje&#231;&#227;o for&#231;osa atrav&#233;s do cateter.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> A EI do lado direito representa de 5 a 10% de todos os casos de EI, e est&#225; associada ao uso de drogas intravenosas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> A EI com impacto do septo interatrial &#233; ainda mais rara e apenas foi descrita em associa&#231;&#227;o a pr&#243;teses como v&#225;lvulas e placas.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> At&#233; onde sabemos, esse foi o primeiro caso descrito de endocardite interatrial relacionada ao uso de cateter.</p>
        <p>Micro-organismos comuns causadores de EI em pacientes de HD s&#227;o staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus and streptococcus. Esp&#233;cies gram-negativas raramente s&#227;o encontradas, e agentes f&#250;ngicos s&#227;o ainda mais raros.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Nossa paciente n&#227;o apresentava sopro card&#237;aco ou sinais imunol&#243;gicos de endocardite, o que tornou o diagn&#243;stico desafiador. Especialmente em pacientes dial&#237;ticos com cateteres venosos de longa perman&#234;ncia, o diagn&#243;stico de endocardite do lado direito requer alto &#237;ndice de suspeita. &#201; essencial que pacientes com cateteres de longa perman&#234;ncia tenham a ponta do cateter colocada corretamente na via cava superior, com confirma&#231;&#227;o por meio de imagem, para evitar complica&#231;&#245;es.</p>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; recomenda&#231;&#245;es espec&#237;ficas para o tratamento de EI sem envolvimento valvar. Portanto, decidimos n&#227;o operar a paciente, mesmo na presen&#231;a de infec&#231;&#227;o f&#250;ngica. Mantivemos a terapia antif&#250;ngica por aproximadamente quatro meses, e o medicamento foi suspenso ap&#243;s confirma&#231;&#227;o, pelo ecocardiograma TE, da regress&#227;o completa da les&#227;o. Nessa situa&#231;&#227;o, a remo&#231;&#227;o do cateter permanente &#233; altamente recomend&#225;vel.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>
				</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
