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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.0" specific-use="sps-1.6" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ijcs</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Int. J. Cardiovasc. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2359-5647</issn>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2359-4802</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">CqbDD8CpknCK5ytWGSsBzgb</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S2359-56472017000300199</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/2359-4802.20170045</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Matricial Support and Arterial Hypertension Control</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Hoepfner</surname>
            <given-names>Cl&#243;vis</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Longo</surname>
            <given-names>Morgana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Coiradas</surname>
            <given-names>Andressa de Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Teixeira</surname>
            <given-names>La&#237;ssa Mara Rodrigues</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade da Regi&#227;o de Joinville</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Joinville</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SC</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade da Regi&#227;o de Joinville (UNIVILLE) Joinville, SC - Brazil</institution>
          <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade da Regi&#227;o de Joinville</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Cl&#243;vis Hoepfner</bold>, Univille, Unidade Centro-Joinville. Rua Ministro Cal&#243;geras, 437, Centro. Postal Code: 89202-207, Joinville, SC - Brazil</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Hoepfner C. Acquisition of data: Hoepfner C, Longo M, Coiradas AO, Teixeira LMR. Analysis and interpretation of the data: Hoepfner C, Longo M, Coiradas AO, Teixeira LMR. Writing of the manuscript: Hoepfner C, Longo M, Coiradas AO, Teixeira LMR. Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Hoepfner C, Coiradas AO, Longo M, Teixeira LMR.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential conflicts of interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>The authors declare no relevant conflicts of interest.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <season>May-Jun</season>
        <year>2017</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>30</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>199</fpage>
      <lpage>206</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>02</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>21</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>31</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>A continuing education program for health professionals improves their performance and increases hypertension control rates.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective:</title>
          <p>To estimate the prevalence of hypertension control and therapeutic inertia among adults treated at Primary Health Care Units after a continuing education program focused on cardiology for health professionals.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>A cross-sectional study was carried out, which included cluster sampling and analysis of medical records. We evaluated 463 patients with high blood pressure and analyzed the blood pressure, medications, and therapeutic increments in 2013, which were compared to the data obtained in 2007.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>There was prevalence of female patients and appointments at the Family Health Care Units. The age ranged between 24 and 92 years (mean of 61.7 years). There was a reduction in the mean blood pressure (148.62/91.60 &#177; 23.52/14.51 mmHg to 137.60/84.03 &#177; 21.84/12.72) between the first and last records, and BP control in 58% of the sample, that is, higher than the 36.6% found in 2007. In the analyzed period, there was a therapeutic increment of 39% in appointments, which benefited 52% patients with high blood pressure, higher than the 12% and 29.5%, respectively, found in 2007. The mean number of drugs per patient increased from 1.85 to 2.05, with a predominance of diuretics and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion:</title>
          <p>There was a reduction in the clinical inertia and increased control of arterial hypertension was observed, compared with the findings of the previous study. The result suggests that the matricial support program for health professionals and other measures to improve disease control in the Primary Health Care Units were effective.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Hypertension / prevention &amp; control</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypertension / epidemiology</kwd>
        <kwd>Prevalence</kwd>
        <kwd>Inertia</kwd>
        <kwd>Health Centers</kwd>
        <kwd>Primary Health Care</kwd>
        <kwd>Health Education</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>There are many factors involved in the adequate control of arterial hypertension (AH). Regarding patient behavior shortly after disease diagnosis, greater appreciation of medical care and medication use was observed.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> One inquires, therefore, whether health professionals are prepared to meet the requests of the population.</p>
      <p>The importance of health professionals' qualification and training is indisputable to achieve a higher quality of services.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> AH guidelines can contribute to it;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> however, their knowledge does not represent a guarantee of their appropriate use. Cabana et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> reviewed publications searching for the different barriers that prevent adherence to the guidelines and Milchak et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> when evaluating the literature on physicians' adherence to the guidelines, reported substantial gaps between the development, dissemination, and their routine use. Lemos et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> and Spranger et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> showed that the guidelines' recommendations are not followed by primary care physicians and that their adherence is overestimated by professionals. La Sierra et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> in a study with general practitioners, verified there was no consensus on the fact that adherence to the guidelines led to better disease control and prevention of complications. Mion Junior et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> also identified gaps regarding the following of Brazilian guidelines by specialists and general practitioners. Permanent medical education strategies were reviewed and classified according to their degree of efficacy by Davis et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> in a meta-analysis that included 99 studies. The most effective methods were systematic interventions based on daily practice.</p>
      <p>In 2010, as a consequence of research on clinical inertia and hypertension control,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> the Matricial Support (MS) Program in cardiology was started by the Municipal Health Secretariat, aiming at continuing education for primary health care professionals and the training of teams to solve problems that require less technological density. To evaluate the possible contribution of MS to AH control, we repeated the study<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> after 4 years.</p>
      <p>The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of AH control and therapeutic inertia in adults treated at the Basic Health Units (BHUs) after the implementation of an MS program in cardiology.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Methods</title>
      <p>This was a cross-sectional study, with a retrospective analysis of medical files of patients with AH, enrolled at the Municipal Health Secretariat. Patients were randomly selected by conglomerates in two stages, in which each BHU constituted a conglomerate. In the first stage, 14 BHUs (25%) of a total of 56, were chosen by drawing lots, including four conventional care units and ten Family Health Strategy (FHS) units, which included seven municipal health regions.</p>
      <p>In the second stage, the patients from each BHU were selected by systematic random sampling, with probability proportional to the number of users linked to the unit. The last digit of the file was selected by drawing lots, from zero to nine, including all with the same last digit, following enrollment at the unit. When the patient did not meet the inclusion criteria, he or she was replaced by the subsequent one, and so on, until the number determined for that BHU was attained.</p>
      <p>Inclusion criteria were men and women, older than 18 years, with AH and a minimum follow-up of 12 months, completed by January 1, 2013, with at least two consultations with a physician or nurse in 2013, which included blood pressure measurements.</p>
      <p>The sample was calculated based on the 34,116 users enrolled in the Pharmaceutical Assistance Service of the Municipal Health Secretariat and the expected prevalence of AH control in 36% of them, according to the findings of 2007, with a desired accuracy of 0.05 and confidence level of 95%, obtaining a minimum of 354 users. The analysis of the medical record included demographic characteristics of the patients, such as gender, age, and BHU where the patient was originally enrolled. Arterial hypertension follow-up was calculated in months, from the first consultation due to AH at the BHU until January 2013. The systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure values were evaluated at the beginning of the treatment at the BHU and two measurements from 2013 (initial and final values in the year). For the purpose of this study, values lower than 140 mmHg for SBP and lower than 90 mmHg for DBP were considered normal at the last consultation. For the calculation of clinical inertia, all blood pressure measurements and drug change records carried out in 2013 were used.</p>
      <p>For the year 2013, the number of nursing and medical consultations, blood pressure measurements and changes in therapy (dose or association) were evaluated. The drugs used in the treatment, identified as diuretics, beta-blockers (BBs), calcium channel blockers (CCBs), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and others, as well as the number of daily doses, were quantified.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Statistical Analysis</title>
        <p>Values were expressed as n &#177; Standard Deviation (SD). The comparisons between the groups were made using Student's <italic>t</italic>-test for continuous independent variables, and the chi-square test, for nominal variables. A significance level of 5% (Confidence Interval of 95% - 95% CI) was used for the studied prevalence.</p>
        <p>The research project submitted to Plataforma Brasil was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Universidade Regional de Joinville (UNIVILLE) and authorized by the BHU Management of the Municipal Health Secretariat.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <p>A total of 463 records of hypertensive patients from 14 BHUs were analyzed. Users of FHS units predominated (70%), as well as women (60.7%). The age ranged from 24 to 92 years, with a mean of 61.7 years (&#177; 11.41). The mean number of medical consultations was 2.99 (&#177; 2.2) and nursing appointments were 1.55 (&#177; 2.6) per patient in 2013. Disease follow-up ranged from 14 to 420 months, with a mean of 95 months (&#177; 54.84). The number of BP measurements ranged from 1 to 24, with a total of 1,640 and a mean of 3.5 (&#177; 3.34); the abnormalities ranged from zero to 18, with a total of 616 and a mean of 1.3 (&#177; 1.76), and the therapeutic increment varied from zero to 3, with a mean of 0.52 (&#177; 0.74).</p>
      <p>Treatment resulted in significant reductions in SBP and DBP (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>), both at the first and last measurements of the year. At the last measurement, blood pressure was normal in 58% of the patients, respectively 62% (&#177; 48) of the women and 53% (&#177; 50) of the men, with no significant difference in mean blood pressure levels (p = 0.062). No significant differences were observed between conventional BHUs and FHS units regarding the distribution of patients with normalized final BP - respectively 57% and 60%. In the FHS units, 64/120 males and 122/204 females had compensated AH (p = 0.154), whereas 32/64 males and 51/77 females (p = 0.58) had compensated AH in conventional BHUs.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Table 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Temporal evolution of blood pressure in patients with arterial hypertension</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="16%"/>
            <col width="16%"/>
            <col width="16%"/>
            <col width="16%"/>
            <col width="16%"/>
            <col width="16%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Blood Pressure</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">N</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Minimum</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Maximum</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Mean</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Standard deviation</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Initial systolic blood pressure</td>
              <td align="center">463</td>
              <td align="center">90.00</td>
              <td align="center">240.00</td>
              <td align="center">148.6263</td>
              <td align="center">23.52664</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Initial systolic blood pressure 2013</td>
              <td align="center">463</td>
              <td align="center">90.00</td>
              <td align="center">280.00</td>
              <td align="center">135.9093</td>
              <td align="center">23.33421</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Final systolic blood pressure 2013</td>
              <td align="center">463</td>
              <td align="center">90.00</td>
              <td align="center">230.00</td>
              <td align="center">137.6048</td>
              <td align="center">21.84215</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Initial diastolic blood pressure</td>
              <td align="center">463</td>
              <td align="center">60.00</td>
              <td align="center">140.00</td>
              <td align="center">91.6026</td>
              <td align="center">14.48756</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Initial diastolic blood pressure 2013</td>
              <td align="center">463</td>
              <td align="center">10.00</td>
              <td align="center">180.00</td>
              <td align="center">83.2393</td>
              <td align="center">14.51320</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Final Diastolic Blood Pressure 2013</td>
              <td align="center">463</td>
              <td align="center">40.00</td>
              <td align="center">140.00</td>
              <td align="center">84.0346</td>
              <td align="center">12.71954</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>In the initial and final pharmacological treatment in 2013, greater use of diuretics (68.6% and 72.0%) and ACE inhibitors (53.6% and 54%) was observed, followed by BBs (28.7% and 38.2%), ARBs (14.4% and 24.4%), and CCBs (9.7% and 14.5%). The variation was significant between the number of drugs used at the beginning and the end of 2013 (1.78 &#177; 0.76 and 2.0 &#177; 0.8, 0.261, with p = 000). No comparisons were made between monotherapy and combination therapy.</p>
      <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref> compares the results of the 2007 and 2013 surveys, demonstrating the increase in the AH control and the reduction in therapeutic inertia.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t2">
        <label>Table 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Demographic and follow-up characteristics of patients with arterial hypertension in 2007 (415) and in 2013 (463)</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Variables</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid;background-color:#B2B2B2">2007</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid;background-color:#B2B2B2">2013</th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Mean</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Standard Deviation</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Mean</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Standard Deviation</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Age, years</td>
              <td align="center">61.5</td>
              <td align="center">&#177; 11.6</td>
              <td align="center">61.7</td>
              <td align="center">&#177; 11.41</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Treatment, months</td>
              <td align="center">75.4</td>
              <td align="center">&#177; 49.3</td>
              <td align="center">95</td>
              <td align="center">&#177; 54.8</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Medical consultations</td>
              <td align="center">2.6</td>
              <td align="center">&#177; 1.9</td>
              <td align="center">3.0</td>
              <td align="center">&#177; 2.2</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Nursing consultations </td>
              <td align="center">3.6</td>
              <td align="center">&#177; 2.8</td>
              <td align="center">1.5</td>
              <td align="center">&#177; 2.6</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Blood pressure measurements</td>
              <td align="center">5.0</td>
              <td align="center">&#177; 3.4</td>
              <td align="center">3.5</td>
              <td align="center">&#177; 3.3</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Elevated blood pressure </td>
              <td align="center">3.1</td>
              <td align="center">&#177; 2.9</td>
              <td align="center">1.3</td>
              <td align="center">&#177; 1.7</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Alteration in treatment</td>
              <td align="center">0.37</td>
              <td align="center">&#177; 0.9</td>
              <td align="center">0.52</td>
              <td align="center">&#177; 0.7</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Initial drug therapy</td>
              <td align="center">1.7</td>
              <td align="center">&#177; 0.8</td>
              <td align="center">1.78</td>
              <td align="center">&#177; 0.76</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Final drug therapy</td>
              <td align="center">1.8</td>
              <td align="center">&#177; 0.8</td>
              <td align="center">2.0</td>
              <td align="center">&#177; 0.8</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Initial systolic blood pressure of the treatment</td>
              <td align="center">155.8</td>
              <td align="center">&#177; 20.8</td>
              <td align="center">148.6</td>
              <td align="center">&#177; 23.5</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Initial systolic blood pressure, year</td>
              <td align="center">139.5</td>
              <td align="center">&#177; 20.8</td>
              <td align="center">135.9</td>
              <td align="center">&#177; 23.3</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Final systolic blood pressure, year</td>
              <td align="center">140.3</td>
              <td align="center">&#177; 22</td>
              <td align="center">137.6</td>
              <td align="center">&#177; 21.8</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Initial diastolic blood pressure of the treatment</td>
              <td align="center">95.7</td>
              <td align="center">&#177; 10.6</td>
              <td align="center">91.6</td>
              <td align="center">&#177; 14.5</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Initial diastolic blood pressure, year</td>
              <td align="center">85.5</td>
              <td align="center">&#177; 13.3</td>
              <td align="center">83.2</td>
              <td align="center">&#177; 14.5</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Final diastolic blood pressure, year</td>
              <td align="center">84.1</td>
              <td align="center">&#177; 12.4</td>
              <td align="center">84.0</td>
              <td align="center">&#177; 12.7</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Compensated arterial hypertension, %</td>
              <td align="center">36.6</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
              <td align="center">58</td>
              <td align="center">
							</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </table-wrap>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>Despite evidence supporting the impact of AH treatment on morbidity and mortality reduction, disease control is still far from adequate levels in most settings.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> Better control levels have been reported in Canada, Cuba, and drug trials, which show that it is possible to achieve normal BP levels in a large number of participants.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> In the ALLHAT (The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial) study,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> after 4 years of follow-up, BP was controlled in 72% of white Latino and 69% of black Latino individuals. In the CONVINCE study,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> control was maintained during the 2 years of the study in 69% of the participants. Insufficient control has numerous causes, including lack of knowledge of the disease by a significant number of patients, lack of adherence to treatment and inadequate treatment management by health professionals.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Tamblyn et al., in a Canadian study developed between 1993 and 2007, with 13,205 patients and 645 physicians, demonstrated greater adherence to treatment in patients treated by physicians who performed more reevaluations, better drug management that included faster therapeutic changes, and who better communicated with patients.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> Professional competence is rewarded by better disease control and by a society with fewer cardiovascular and other complications, in addition to a reduction in costs for the healthcare system.</p>
      <p>The interesting French study DUO-HTA, through an investigation with general practitioners, cardiologists and hypertensive patients, divided the physicians into five groups according to greater or lesser motivation to exercise their work. There was an association between better disease control and highly motivated professionals. These physicians showed greater empathy with patients, better physician-patient relationship, and more optimism and competence in treating the disease.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Phillips et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> pointed out that the biomedical model, focused on symptom relief, is as one of the causes of hypertension management failure. "Clinical inertia", that is, the failure by healthcare professionals to initiate or intensify therapy when indicated, would be the major problem. The overestimation of the provided care, the use of "weak" reasons to avoid treatment intensification and gaps in education, training and organizational practice aimed at achieving therapeutic goals would be responsible for this inertia. Daugherty et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref> in a study carried out in patients with refractory hypertension treated in Primary Health Care, comparing treatment adherence and therapeutic inertia, found that the latter was more important regarding the insufficient control of AH. Heisler et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref> in a study that included 38,327 patients, found therapeutic intensification in only 30% of the opportunities. It was also verified that health professionals did not evaluate the presence of low adherence, and so the therapeutic intensification produced polypharmacy, even lower adherence levels and higher costs for the system.</p>
      <p>Phillips et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> defined clinical inertia in 2001 and Okonofua et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref> in 2006, introduced the term "therapeutic inertia". The terms are applied to risk factors when the therapeutic goals are clearly defined, and the benefits derived from treatment are well established. It applies when therapy is recognized as effective and there are widely distributed and easily accessed guidelines. The health professional recognizes the problem but fails to act. Okonofua et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref> observed 55% of medical consultations with high BP and therapeutic increment in only 13%. The multivariate analysis showed that a therapeutic increase in 30% of the consultations would result in 45% to 66% of control increase in one year.</p>
      <p>In 2007, we found evidence of significant clinical inertia. After observing elevated blood pressure levels in their patients, primary care physicians promoted increases in therapy in only 12.0% of the occasions, favoring only 29.5% of hypertensive patients with changes in the number of drugs or doses. Additionally, many hypertensive patients were no longer included in the study due to inadequate follow-up. In that year, only 36.6% of the treated subjects had normal BP, and the high percentage of comorbidities found suggested late diagnosis and inadequate treatment of AH.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> These findings stimulated the continuing education initiatives and the planning of a reevaluation.</p>
      <p>The literature review<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> suggests that continuing education programs that use multiple teaching and training tools, adapted to local conditions, and involving the different health professionals and patients, are likely to succeed. Easy access to specialist doctors, multiprofessional care and administrative interventions also contribute to better disease control. The Canadian Hypertension Education Program, implemented in 1999, contributed to an enormous increase in the diagnosis, treatment, and control of AH.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> AH control increased from 13.2% in 1999 to 64.6% in 2009.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Predicted for some BHUs, the MS program ended up including all of them, at the request of regional coordination and the heads of the units. The Hypertension Guidelines<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> were reviewed with the collaboration of Primary Health Care professionals, seeking greater adherence,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> and was improved by sports medicine guidelines. A periodic AH refresher course, carried out for decades, has been maintained.</p>
      <p>Since many referrals to the specialist were based on electrocardiogram findings, including extrasystoles, divisional blocks, and others, in patients without clinical evidence of cardiopathy, a course on interpretation of reports was provided. The radiology reports suggesting increase in the left ventricle were focused on the MS program, because they generate unnecessary consultations and iatrogenesis.</p>
      <p>Proposed by Campos and Domitti<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref> and Campos and Cunha,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref> the MS in health aims to ensure specialized help and technical-pedagogical support to the professionals in charge of health care problems. The supporter is a specialist, who can contribute with interventions that increase the resolution capacity of the team primarily responsible for the case. MS seeks to customize reference and counter-reference systems by stimulating and facilitating direct contact between Primary Health Care and the supporting specialist. It provides the shared creation of clinical guidelines, including criteria for triggering support and defines the spectrum of accountability of the referral team members and matricial supporters.</p>
      <p>MS and reference team are organizational arrangements and constitute a methodology for health work management, aiming at performing expanded clinical care and dialogic integration between different specialties and professions. This methodology complements reference and counter-reference mechanisms, protocols, and regulatory centers, and may be relevant to rationalize access to and the use of specialized resources.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref> It was initially used in mental health services, Primary Care, and the hospital area of the Unified Health System (SUS) of Campinas (SP). Subsequently, some programs of the Ministry of Health, such as HumanizaSUS, Mental Health and Basic Care / Family Health, were also incorporated into this perspective.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Two basic ways to establish contact between Primary Health Care and the supporter were implemented. The first relies on scheduled sporadic and regular meetings, during which the health cases or problems selected by the reference team are discussed, therapeutic projects are elaborated and lines of intervention are established for the several professionals involved. The discussions encourage the dialogue on clinical, collective health and system management issues. In situations that require specific attention from the supporter's knowledge base, specialized interventions or interferences are scheduled, without excluding the Primary Health Care team follow-up. In the second, in emergency situations, the reference professional engages the supporter through electronic or telephone contact.</p>
      <p>The weekly meetings, scheduled by the teams, using a semi-annual schedule, takes place in the BHU or in the regional headquarters. Although there are joint consultations, the usual format is the conversation circle. Initially, only doctors and nurses were involved, but nursing technicians and community health agents were soon included, followed by nutritionists, pharmacists, dentists, students, and other professionals.</p>
      <p>In the first years, the Primary Health Care professionals brought dozens of cases for discussion, and the patients were allocated into three groups: those intended for priority and short-term care, those waiting for a consultation with the specialist and those to be reassessed by the general practitioner. Among the latter, there are patients with controlled disease and hypertensive patients supposedly refractory to treatment or without complications.</p>
      <p>The MS contributed to the reduction in the time waiting for a consultation with a cardiologist and allowed anticipating the treatment of patients with more complex and/or severe problems. It triggered a process in which the referrals made by the reference teams were qualified, reflecting the professionals' greater aptitude and certainty regarding adequate patient management. Even with an unaffected availability of specialized consultations, the impact on the waiting was very relevant at the end of 2 years, going from 11,180 to 3,739 patients.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref>Most of the remaining patients comprise those on follow-up, and the waiting time for specialized care that lasted more than 12 months became less than 3 months. In cases considered as priority, which include chest pain, coronary disease, heart failure and preoperative assessments, the consultations occur within shorter periods. The participants' satisfaction with the method and results was expressed in testimonials and assessment meetings, and generated MS programs in other specialties.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The MS was extended to the municipal hospital and to the emergency care units to discuss hypertensive pseudo-urgencies and cardiac emergencies. A program was also implemented for dental professionals to discuss the recommendations for the perioperative evaluation guideline of SBC<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref> and the AH guideline.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Comparing the studies carried out in 2007<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> and 2013, we observed an increase in the number of medical consultations and antihypertensive drugs per patient, as well as a reduction in therapeutic inertia, changes that must have contributed to the better control of AH in 2013. During the period between the studies, city parks were equipped with gym equipment and the mileage of the cycle lanes increased, initiatives that may have contributed to some treatments. Media campaigns may also have contributed to greater demand for disease treatment and control.</p>
      <p>The number of users enrolled in the Pharmacy Service of the Municipal Health Secretariat increased from 27,700 to 34,116, suggesting an increase in diagnosis and treatment. We found high turnover by the medical staff in the conventional units assessed, with only 17% of active general practitioners since 2007, while 69% of the physicians were kept in the FHS units. As the knowledge was continuously disseminated and reached all Primary Health Care professionals, it is possible that the turnover effects were of little significance. SUS also provides the free distribution of antihypertensive drugs, but lack of medication was frequently observed in 2013 due to the inertia of the municipal manager - a variable that may have impaired disease control.</p>
      <p>Another study carried out in 2013 found AH control rates similar to ours. The study evaluated the efficacy of providing guidance to hypertensive patients through Community Health Agents. Four FHS units and 432 patients were included in the study. The Community Health Agents received training to measure blood pressure and used an automated device to measure BP at the patients' homes. The initial blood pressure showed a control of 52.3% in the measurements performed in the BHU and 65.5% in the home measurements. At the end of the Community Health Agents' work, at 6 months, BP control in the home measurements was obtained in 70.9% of the patients.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref>
			</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusion</title>
      <p>Matricial support used a variety of pedagogical resources, including case discussions and topics of collective interest, face-to-face and at distance, joint consultations, joint creation of guidelines, distribution of scientific articles, training in blood pressure measurement, teamwork encouragement and others.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> Furthermore, it facilitated access to the specialist and contributed to the qualification and appreciation of Primary Health Care professionals. Although only 4 years have passed and despite the many variables, we believe that the continuing education initiatives for referral professionals, mainly matricial support, contributed to the large percentage of hypertensive patients controlled in 2013.</p>
      <p>Two study limitations were considered important, the fact that blood pressure measurements were obtained from the medical records and, since it covered all Basic Health Units, it did not have a control group without matricial support. Therefore, we consider appropriate to perform local reevaluations and the use of matricial support in other services to confirm our findings.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>The present study had no external sources of funding.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Academic Affiliation</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study is not associated with any post-graduation program</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigos Originais</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Apoio Matricial e Controle da Hipertens&#227;o Arterial</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Hoepfner</surname>
            <given-names>Cl&#243;vis</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Longo</surname>
            <given-names>Morgana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Coiradas</surname>
            <given-names>Andressa de Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Teixeira</surname>
            <given-names>La&#237;ssa Mara Rodrigues</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade da Regi&#227;o de Joinville (UNIVILLE) Joinville, SC &#8722; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Cl&#243;vis Hoepfner Univille</bold>, Unidade Centro-Joinville. Rua Ministro Cal&#243;geras, 437, Centro. CEP 89202-207, Joinville, SC &#8722; Brasil</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Hoepfner C. Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Hoepfner C, Longo M, Coiradas AO, Teixeira LMR. An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Hoepfner C, Longo M, Coiradas AO, Teixeira LMR. Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Hoepfner C, Longo M, Coiradas AO, Teixeira LMR. Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual: Hoepfner C, Coiradas AO, Longo M, Teixeira LMR.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesse</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaramos n&#227;o haver conflitos de interesse pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>Um programa permanente de educa&#231;&#227;o em servi&#231;o melhora o desempenho dos profissionais de sa&#250;de e aumenta os &#237;ndices de controle da hipertens&#227;o arterial.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>Estimar a preval&#234;ncia do controle da hipertens&#227;o arterial e da in&#233;rcia terap&#234;utica em adultos atendidos nas Unidades B&#225;sicas da Sa&#250;de ap&#243;s a implanta&#231;&#227;o de um programa de apoio matricial em cardiologia.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>Estudo transversal, com amostragem por conglomerados, mediante pesquisa em prontu&#225;rios, em que foram avaliados 463 portadores de hipertens&#227;o arterial. Foram avaliados press&#227;o arterial, medicamentos e incrementos terap&#234;uticos em 2013, e comparados ao resultados obtidos em 2007.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>Houve predom&#237;nio de pacientes das unidades de Estrat&#233;gia Sa&#250;de da Fam&#237;lia e do sexo feminino. A idade variou entre 24 e 92 anos (m&#233;dia de 61,7). Observaram-se redu&#231;&#227;o das m&#233;dias da press&#227;o arterial (148,62/91,60 &#177; 23,52/14,51 mmHg para 137,60/84,03 &#177; 21,84/12,72 mmHg) entre o primeiro e o &#250;ltimo registro, e controle em 58% dos pacientes, ou seja, superior aos 36,6% encontrados em 2007. No per&#237;odo analisado, houve incremento terap&#234;utico de 39% das ocasi&#245;es e 52% dos pacientes, superior aos 12% e 29,5%, respectivamente, em 2007. A m&#233;dia de f&#225;rmacos por paciente aumentou de 1,85 para 2,05, predominando diur&#233;ticos e inibidores da enzima de convers&#227;o da angiotensina.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p>Houve redu&#231;&#227;o da in&#233;rcia cl&#237;nica e aumento do controle da hipertens&#227;o arterial, comparados com os achados do estudo anterior. O resultado sugere que o programa de apoio matricial para os profissionais da sa&#250;de e outras medidas para melhorar o controle da doen&#231;a nas Unidades B&#225;sicas da Sa&#250;de foram eficazes.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o / preven&#231;&#227;o &amp; controle</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o / epidemiologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Preval&#234;ncia</kwd>
        <kwd>In&#233;rcia</kwd>
        <kwd>Centros de Sa&#250;de</kwd>
        <kwd>Aten&#231;&#227;o Prim&#225;ria &#224; Sa&#250;de</kwd>
        <kwd>Educa&#231;&#227;o em Sa&#250;de</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>S&#227;o muitos os fatores envolvidos no controle adequado da Hipertens&#227;o Arterial (HA). Em rela&#231;&#227;o aos comportamentos adotados pelos pacientes logo ap&#243;s o descobrimento da doen&#231;a, notou-se maior valoriza&#231;&#227;o do atendimento m&#233;dico e do uso da medica&#231;&#227;o.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> Pergunta-se, ent&#227;o, se os profissionais da sa&#250;de est&#227;o preparados para atender aos anseios da popula&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        <p>S&#227;o indiscut&#237;veis a import&#226;ncia da qualifica&#231;&#227;o e a capacita&#231;&#227;o dos profissionais da sa&#250;de, para que se alcance maior qualidade dos servi&#231;os.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> As diretrizes de HA podem contribuir,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> por&#233;m o conhecimento de seu conte&#250;do n&#227;o representa uma garantia de seu uso apropriado. Cabana et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref> revisaram publica&#231;&#245;es em busca das diferentes barreiras que impedem a ader&#234;ncia &#224;s diretrizes e Milchak et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> em avalia&#231;&#227;o da literatura sobre a ader&#234;ncia dos m&#233;dicos &#224;s diretrizes, relataram substanciais lacunas entre o desenvolvimento, a dissemina&#231;&#227;o e sua utiliza&#231;&#227;o cotidiana. Lemos et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> e Spranger et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref> mostraram que as recomenda&#231;&#245;es das diretrizes n&#227;o s&#227;o seguidas por m&#233;dicos da Aten&#231;&#227;o Prim&#225;ria em Sa&#250;de e que sua ader&#234;ncia &#233; hiperestimada pelos profissionais. La Sierra et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> em estudo com m&#233;dicos generalistas, identificaram que inexistia consenso de que a ader&#234;ncia &#224;s diretrizes conduzia ao melhor controle da doen&#231;a e &#224; preven&#231;&#227;o das complica&#231;&#245;es. Tamb&#233;m Mion Junior et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> identificaram lacunas no seguimento das diretrizes brasileiras, por parte de especialistas e generalistas. As estrat&#233;gias de educa&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica permanente foram revistas e classificadas pelo grau de efic&#225;cia por Davis et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> em metan&#225;lise que incluiu 99 estudos. Os m&#233;todos mais eficazes foram as interven&#231;&#245;es sistem&#225;ticas baseadas na pr&#225;tica cotidiana.</p>
        <p>Em 2010, como consequ&#234;ncia de pesquisa sobre a in&#233;rcia cl&#237;nica e o controle da hipertens&#227;o,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> foi iniciado o programa de Apoio Matricial (AM) em cardiologia pela Secretaria Municipal da Sa&#250;de de Joinville, com o objetivo de educa&#231;&#227;o permanente para os profissionais da Aten&#231;&#227;o Prim&#225;ria em Sa&#250;de e capacita&#231;&#227;o das equipes para a resolu&#231;&#227;o de problemas que demandem menor densidade tecnol&#243;gica. Para avaliar a poss&#237;vel contribui&#231;&#227;o do AM no controle da HA, repetimos a pesquisa<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> ap&#243;s 4 anos.</p>
        <p>O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a preval&#234;ncia do controle da HA e da in&#233;rcia terap&#234;utica em adultos atendidos nas Unidades B&#225;sicas de Sa&#250;de (UBS) ap&#243;s a implanta&#231;&#227;o de um programa de AM em cardiologia.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#233;todos</title>
        <p>Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com an&#225;lise retrospectiva de prontu&#225;rios de pacientes portadores de HA, cadastrados na Secretaria Municipal de Sa&#250;de. Os pacientes foram selecionados mediante amostragem aleat&#243;ria por conglomerados em dois est&#225;gios, onde cada UBS constituiu um conglomerado. No primeiro est&#225;gio, 14 UBS (25%), do total de 56, foram sorteadas, incluindo quatro unidades de atendimento convencional e dez da Estrat&#233;gia Sa&#250;de da Fam&#237;lia (ESF), que contemplaram sete regionais de sa&#250;de do munic&#237;pio. No segundo est&#225;gio, os pacientes de cada UBS foram selecionados por amostragem aleat&#243;ria sistem&#225;tica, com probabilidade proporcional ao n&#250;mero de usu&#225;rios vinculados &#224; unidade. Sorteou-se o d&#237;gito final do prontu&#225;rio, de zero a nove, incluindo todos com o mesmo d&#237;gito final, na sequ&#234;ncia do cadastramento na unidade. Quando o paciente n&#227;o preenchia os crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o, era substitu&#237;do pelo seguinte e assim por diante, at&#233; se obter a quantidade determinada para aquela UBS.</p>
        <p>Foram crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o homens e mulheres, maiores de 18 anos, portadores de HA com acompanhamento m&#237;nimo de 12 meses, completados at&#233; 1&#186; de janeiro de 2013, com pelo menos duas consultas no ano de 2013, com m&#233;dico ou enfermeiro, que inclu&#237;ssem aferi&#231;&#245;es da press&#227;o arterial.</p>
        <p>A amostra foi calculada com base nos 34.116 usu&#225;rios cadastrados no Servi&#231;o de Assist&#234;ncia Farmac&#234;utica da Secretaria Municipal de Sa&#250;de e na preval&#234;ncia esperada de controle da HA em 36% deles, conforme os achados de 2007, com precis&#227;o desejada de 0,05 e n&#237;vel de confian&#231;a de 95%, obtendo-se o m&#237;nimo de 354 usu&#225;rios. A an&#225;lise do prontu&#225;rio incluiu caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas dos pacientes, como sexo, idade e UBS de origem. O acompanhamento da hipertens&#227;o foi calculado em meses, desde a primeira consulta por HA na UBS at&#233; janeiro de 2013. Foram avaliados os valores da Press&#227;o Arterial Sist&#243;lica (PAS) e Diast&#243;lica (PAD) ao iniciar o tratamento na UBS, e duas aferi&#231;&#245;es em 2013 (valores iniciais e finais no ano). Para efeito deste estudo, consideraram-se normais os valores inferiores a 140 mmHg para a PAS e inferiores a 90 mmHg para a PAD por ocasi&#227;o da &#250;ltima consulta. Para o c&#225;lculo da in&#233;rcia cl&#237;nica, foram utilizados todos os registros de press&#227;o arterial e de mudan&#231;a terap&#234;utica farmacol&#243;gica efetuada em 2013.</p>
        <p>No ano de 2013, foram avaliados o n&#250;mero de consultas m&#233;dicas e com enfermeiros, as aferi&#231;&#245;es da press&#227;o arterial e as altera&#231;&#245;es da terap&#234;utica (dose ou associa&#231;&#227;o). Foram quantificados os f&#225;rmacos usados no tratamento, identificados como diur&#233;ticos, Betabloqueadores (BB), Bloqueadores dos canais de c&#225;lcio (BCC), Inibidores da Enzima Conversora da Angiotensina (IECA) e outros, e o n&#250;mero de doses di&#225;rias.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
          <p>Os valores foram expressos como n &#177; Desvio Padr&#227;o (DP). As compara&#231;&#245;es entre os grupos foram feitas por meio do teste <italic>t</italic> de Student, no caso de vari&#225;veis independentes cont&#237;nuas, e por meio do teste qui quadrado, para as vari&#225;veis nominais. Utilizou-se o n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia de 5% (Intervalo de Confian&#231;a de 95% &#8722; IC 95%) para as preval&#234;ncias estudadas.</p>
          <p>O projeto de pesquisa submetido &#224; Plataforma Brasil foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa da Universidade Regional de Joinville (UNIVILLE) e autorizado pela Ger&#234;ncia das UBS da Secretaria Municipal de Sa&#250;de.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <p>Foram analisados 463 prontu&#225;rios de hipertensos, de 14 UBS. Os usu&#225;rios de unidades da ESF predominaram (70%), bem como as mulheres (60,7%). A idade variou de 24 a 92 anos, m&#233;dia de 61,7 anos (&#177; 11,41). A m&#233;dia de consultas m&#233;dicas foi 2,99 (&#177; 2,2) e de consultas de enfermagem foi 1,55 (&#177; 2,6) por paciente em 2013. O acompanhamento da doen&#231;a variou de 14 a 420 meses, m&#233;dia de 95 meses (&#177; 54,84). O n&#250;mero de aferi&#231;&#245;es da PA variou de 1 a 24, com total de 1.640 e m&#233;dia de 3,5 (&#177; 3,34); as anormais de zero a 18, com total de 616 e m&#233;dia 1,3 (&#177; 1,76), e o incremento terap&#234;utico de zero a 3, com m&#233;dia de 0,52 (&#177; 0,74).</p>
        <p>O tratamento produziu significativas redu&#231;&#245;es da PAS e da PAD (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 1</xref>), tanto na primeira quanto na &#250;ltima aferi&#231;&#227;o do ano. Na &#250;ltima aferi&#231;&#227;o, a press&#227;o arterial estava normal em 58% dos pacientes, respectivamente 62% (&#177; 48) das mulheres e 53% (&#177; 50) dos homens, sem diferen&#231;a significativa nas m&#233;dias press&#243;ricas (p = 0,062). N&#227;o foram observadas diferen&#231;as significativas entre as UBS de ESF e as convencionais para a distribui&#231;&#227;o dos pacientes com a press&#227;o arterial final normalizada &#8722; respectivamente 57% e 60%. Nas UBS/ESF, foram observados 64/120 homens e 122/204 mulheres com HA compensada (p = 0,154) e, nas convencionais, 32/64 homens e 51/77 mulheres (p = 0,58).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t3">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Evolu&#231;&#227;o temporal da press&#227;o arterial nos portadores de hipertens&#227;o arterial</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
              <col width="16%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Press&#227;o arterial</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">N</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">M&#237;nima</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">M&#225;xima</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">M&#233;dia</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Desvio padr&#227;o</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica inicial</td>
                <td align="center">463</td>
                <td align="center">90,00</td>
                <td align="center">240,00</td>
                <td align="center">148,6263</td>
                <td align="center">23,52664</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica inicial 2013</td>
                <td align="center">463</td>
                <td align="center">90,00</td>
                <td align="center">280,00</td>
                <td align="center">135,9093</td>
                <td align="center">23,33421</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica final 2013</td>
                <td align="center">463</td>
                <td align="center">90,00</td>
                <td align="center">230,00</td>
                <td align="center">137,6048</td>
                <td align="center">21,84215</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Press&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica inicial</td>
                <td align="center">463</td>
                <td align="center">60,00</td>
                <td align="center">140,00</td>
                <td align="center">91,6026</td>
                <td align="center">14,48756</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Press&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica inicial 2013</td>
                <td align="center">463</td>
                <td align="center">10,00</td>
                <td align="center">180,00</td>
                <td align="center">83,2393</td>
                <td align="center">14,51320</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Press&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica final 2013</td>
                <td align="center">463</td>
                <td align="center">40,00</td>
                <td align="center">140,00</td>
                <td align="center">84,0346</td>
                <td align="center">12,71954</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>No tratamento farmacol&#243;gico inicial e final em 2013, foi observada maior utiliza&#231;&#227;o dos diur&#233;ticos (68,6% e 72,0%) e dos IECA (53,6% e 54%), seguindo-se dos BB (28,7% e 38,2%), dos BRA (14,4% e 24,4%), dos e BCC (9,7 % e 14,5%). A varia&#231;&#227;o foi significativa entre o n&#250;mero de f&#225;rmacos utilizados no in&#237;cio e no final de 2013 (1,78 &#177; 0,76 e 2,0 &#177; 0,8, 0,261, com p = 000). N&#227;o foram efetuadas compara&#231;&#245;es entre monoterapia e terapia combinada.</p>
        <p>Na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">tabela 2</xref>, foram comparados os resultados das pesquisas de 2007 e de 2013, evidenciando o aumento no controle da HA e a redu&#231;&#227;o na in&#233;rcia terap&#234;utica.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t4">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas e de acompanhamento dos portadores de hipertens&#227;o arterial em 2007 (415) e em 2013 (463)</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Vari&#225;veis</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid;background-color:#B2B2B2">2007</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid;background-color:#B2B2B2">2013</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">M&#233;dia</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Desvio padr&#227;o</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">M&#233;dia</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Desvio padr&#227;o</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Idade, anos</td>
                <td align="center">61,5</td>
                <td align="center">&#177; 11,6</td>
                <td align="center">61,7</td>
                <td align="center">&#177; 11,41</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tratamento, meses</td>
                <td align="center">75,4</td>
                <td align="center">&#177; 49,3</td>
                <td align="center">95</td>
                <td align="center">&#177; 54,8</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Consultas m&#233;dicas</td>
                <td align="center">2,6</td>
                <td align="center">&#177; 1,9</td>
                <td align="center">3,0</td>
                <td align="center">&#177; 2,2</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Consultas de enfermagem</td>
                <td align="center">3,6</td>
                <td align="center">&#177; 2,8</td>
                <td align="center">1,5</td>
                <td align="center">&#177; 2,6</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Medidas de press&#227;o arterial</td>
                <td align="center">5,0</td>
                <td align="center">&#177; 3,4</td>
                <td align="center">3,5</td>
                <td align="center">&#177; 3,3</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Press&#227;o arterial elevada</td>
                <td align="center">3,1</td>
                <td align="center">&#177; 2,9</td>
                <td align="center">1,3</td>
                <td align="center">&#177; 1,7</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Altera&#231;&#227;o no tratamento</td>
                <td align="center">0,37</td>
                <td align="center">&#177; 0,9</td>
                <td align="center">0,52</td>
                <td align="center">&#177; 0,7</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">F&#225;rmacos iniciais</td>
                <td align="center">1,7</td>
                <td align="center">&#177; 0,8</td>
                <td align="center">1,78</td>
                <td align="center">&#177; 0,76</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">F&#225;rmacos finais</td>
                <td align="center">1,8</td>
                <td align="center">&#177; 0,8</td>
                <td align="center">2,0</td>
                <td align="center">&#177; 0,8</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica inicial do tratamento</td>
                <td align="center">155,8</td>
                <td align="center">&#177; 20,8</td>
                <td align="center">148,6</td>
                <td align="center">&#177; 23,5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica inicial, ano</td>
                <td align="center">139,5</td>
                <td align="center">&#177; 20,8</td>
                <td align="center">135,9</td>
                <td align="center">&#177; 23,3</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica final, ano</td>
                <td align="center">140,3</td>
                <td align="center">&#177; 22</td>
                <td align="center">137,6</td>
                <td align="center">&#177; 21,8</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Press&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica inicial do tratamento</td>
                <td align="center">95,7</td>
                <td align="center">&#177; 10,6</td>
                <td align="center">91,6</td>
                <td align="center">&#177; 14,5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Press&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica inicial, ano</td>
                <td align="center">85,5</td>
                <td align="center">&#177; 13,3</td>
                <td align="center">83,2</td>
                <td align="center">&#177; 14,5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Press&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica final, ano</td>
                <td align="center">84,1</td>
                <td align="center">&#177; 12,4</td>
                <td align="center">84,0</td>
                <td align="center">&#177; 12,7</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Hipertens&#227;o arterial compensada, %</td>
                <td align="center">36,6</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
                <td align="center">58</td>
                <td align="center">
								</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>Apesar das evid&#234;ncias que comprovam o impacto do tratamento da HA na redu&#231;&#227;o da morbidade e da mortalidade, o controle da doen&#231;a ainda est&#225; distante dos n&#237;veis adequados na maioria dos locais.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> Melhores n&#237;veis de controle foram relatados no Canad&#225;, em Cuba e em ensaios com f&#225;rmacos, que mostram que &#233; poss&#237;vel atingir n&#237;veis normais da PA em elevado n&#250;mero de participantes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> No estudo ALLHAT (<italic>The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial</italic>),<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref> ap&#243;s 4 anos de acompanhamento, a PA estava controlada em 72% dos indiv&#237;duos brancos latinos e em 69% dos negros latinos. No CONVINCE,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> o controle foi mantido durante os 2 anos da pesquisa em 69% dos participantes. O controle insuficiente tem causas variadas, incluindo desconhecimento da doen&#231;a por parte significativa dos portadores, falta de ades&#227;o ao tratamento e manejo inadequado do tratamento por parte dos profissionais da sa&#250;de.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Tamblyn et al., em pesquisa canadense desenvolvida entre 1993 e 2007, com 13.205 pacientes e 645 m&#233;dicos, demonstraram maior ader&#234;ncia ao tratamento nos pacientes acompanhados por m&#233;dicos que realizavam mais reavalia&#231;&#245;es, melhor manejo medicamentoso que inclu&#237;a mudan&#231;as terap&#234;uticas mais r&#225;pidas, e que melhor se comunicavam com a clientela.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> A compet&#234;ncia profissional &#233; recompensada pelo maior controle da doen&#231;a e por uma sociedade com menos complica&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares e outras, al&#233;m da redu&#231;&#227;o de custos no sistema.</p>
        <p>O interessante estudo franc&#234;s DUO-HTA, mediante inqu&#233;rito com generalistas, cardiologistas e pacientes hipertensos, separou os m&#233;dicos em cinco grupos, de acordo com maior ou menor motiva&#231;&#227;o para o exerc&#237;cio de seu trabalho. Houve associa&#231;&#227;o entre maior controle da doen&#231;a e profissionais altamente motivados. Estes m&#233;dicos exibiam maior empatia com os pacientes, melhor relacionamento m&#233;dico-paciente, e mais otimismo e compet&#234;ncia no trato da doen&#231;a.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Phillips et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> apontaram o modelo biom&#233;dico, focado no al&#237;vio dos sintomas, como uma das causas de falha no manejo da hipertens&#227;o. A "in&#233;rcia cl&#237;nica", isto &#233;, a falha dos profissionais de sa&#250;de em iniciar ou intensificar uma terapia quando indicada, seria o grande problema. Seriam respons&#225;veis pela in&#233;rcia a hiperestima&#231;&#227;o do cuidado fornecido, o uso de raz&#245;es "fracas" para evitar a intensifica&#231;&#227;o do tratamento e lacunas na educa&#231;&#227;o, no treinamento e na pr&#225;tica organizacional voltada para alcan&#231;ar metas terap&#234;uticas. Daugherty et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref> em estudo realizado com portadores de hipertens&#227;o refrat&#225;ria atendidos na Aten&#231;&#227;o Prim&#225;ria em Sa&#250;de, comparando a ader&#234;ncia ao tratamento e a in&#233;rcia terap&#234;utica, constataram que esta tinha maior import&#226;ncia no controle insuficiente da HA. Heisler et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref> em estudo incluindo 38.327 pacientes, verificaram intensifica&#231;&#227;o terap&#234;utica em apenas 30% das oportunidades. Observaram tamb&#233;m que os terapeutas n&#227;o avaliavam a presen&#231;a de baixa ader&#234;ncia, resultando que a intensifica&#231;&#227;o terap&#234;utica produzia polifarm&#225;cia, ainda menor ader&#234;ncia e maiores custos para o sistema.</p>
        <p>Phillips et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> definiram a in&#233;rcia cl&#237;nica em 2001 e Okonofua et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref> em 2006, introduziram o termo "in&#233;rcia terap&#234;utica". Os termos s&#227;o aplicados aos fatores de risco quando os objetivos terap&#234;uticos est&#227;o claramente definidos, e os benef&#237;cios decorrentes est&#227;o bem estabelecidos. Aplica-se quando a terapia &#233; reconhecida como eficaz e existem diretrizes de ampla distribui&#231;&#227;o e f&#225;cil acesso. O profissional da sa&#250;de reconhece o problema, mas deixa de agir. Okonofua et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref> observaram 55% de visitas m&#233;dicas com PA elevada e incremento terap&#234;utico em apenas 13%. An&#225;lise multivariada mostrou que um incremento terap&#234;utico em 30% das consultas resultaria em aumento do controle de 45% para 66% em 1 ano.</p>
        <p>Em 2007, encontramos evid&#234;ncias de importante in&#233;rcia cl&#237;nica. Ao se deparar com n&#237;veis press&#243;ricos elevados, os m&#233;dicos da Aten&#231;&#227;o Prim&#225;ria em Sa&#250;de promoveram incrementos na terap&#234;utica em apenas 12,0% das ocasi&#245;es, favorecendo somente 29,5% dos hipertensos com mudan&#231;as no n&#250;mero de f&#225;rmacos ou de doses. Al&#233;m disto, muitos hipertensos deixaram de ser inclu&#237;dos no estudo, devido ao seguimento inadequado. Naquele ano, apenas 36,6% dos indiv&#237;duos tratados estavam com a PA normal, e o elevado porcentual de comorbidades encontradas sugeria diagn&#243;stico tardio e tratamento insuficiente da HA.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> Estes achados estimularam as iniciativas de educa&#231;&#227;o continuada e o planejamento de uma reavalia&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        <p>A revis&#227;o da literatura<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> sugere que programas de educa&#231;&#227;o continuada que utilizam m&#250;ltiplas ferramentas de ensino e treinamento, adaptadas &#224;s condi&#231;&#245;es locais e envolvendo os diversos profissionais da sa&#250;de e os pacientes, t&#234;m possibilidade de sucesso. O acesso facilitado aos m&#233;dicos especialistas, o atendimento multiprofissional e as interven&#231;&#245;es de ordem administrativa tamb&#233;m contribuem para melhorar o controle da doen&#231;a. O <italic>Canadian Hypertension Education Program</italic>, implantado em 1999, contribuiu para um enorme incremento no diagn&#243;stico, no tratamento e no controle da HA.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> O controle da HA evoluiu de 13,2%, em 1999, para 64,6%, em 2009.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Previsto para algumas UBS, o AM acabou abrangendo todas, por solicita&#231;&#227;o das coordena&#231;&#245;es regionais e das chefias das unidades. A Linha Guia de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> foi revisada com a colabora&#231;&#227;o dos profissionais da Aten&#231;&#227;o Prim&#225;ria em Sa&#250;de, buscando maior ader&#234;ncia,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref> e foi enriquecida por orienta&#231;&#245;es de medicina do esporte. Um curso peri&#243;dico de atualiza&#231;&#227;o em HA, realizado h&#225; d&#233;cadas, foi mantido. Como muitos encaminhamentos ao especialista decorriam de achados do eletrocardiograma, incluindo extrassistolia, bloqueios divisionais e outros, em pacientes sem evid&#234;ncias cl&#237;nicas de cardiopatia, foi proporcionado um curso de interpreta&#231;&#227;o de laudos. Os laudos de radiologia sugerindo aumento do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo, por gerarem consultas desnecess&#225;rias e iatrogenia, foram enfocados no AM.</p>
        <p>Proposto por Campos e Domitti<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref> e Campos e Cunha,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref> o AM em sa&#250;de objetiva assegurar retaguarda especializada e suporte t&#233;cnico-pedag&#243;gico aos profissionais encarregados da aten&#231;&#227;o a problemas de sa&#250;de. O apoiador &#233; um especialista, que pode contribuir com interven&#231;&#245;es que aumentam a capacidade resolutiva da equipe primariamente respons&#225;vel pelo caso. O AM busca personalizar os sistemas de refer&#234;ncia e contrarrefer&#234;ncia, estimulando e facilitando o contato direto entre a Aten&#231;&#227;o Prim&#225;ria em Sa&#250;de e o especialista de apoio. Proporciona a constru&#231;&#227;o compartilhada de diretrizes cl&#237;nicas, incluindo os crit&#233;rios para acionar o apoio e definindo o espectro de responsabilidade dos integrantes da equipe de refer&#234;ncia e dos apoiadores matriciais.</p>
        <p>AM e equipe de refer&#234;ncia s&#227;o arranjos organizacionais e constituem uma metodologia para a gest&#227;o do trabalho em sa&#250;de, objetivando realizar cl&#237;nica ampliada e integra&#231;&#227;o dial&#243;gica entre distintas especialidades e profiss&#245;es. Esta metodologia complementa os mecanismos de refer&#234;ncia e contrarrefer&#234;ncia, protocolos e centros de regula&#231;&#227;o, e pode ser relevante para racionalizar o acesso e o uso de recursos especializados.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref> Inicialmente, foi adotada em servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de mental, de Aten&#231;&#227;o Prim&#225;ria e da &#225;rea hospitalar do Sistema &#218;nico de Sa&#250;de (SUS) de Campinas (SP). Posteriormente, alguns programas do Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de, como o HumanizaSUS, Sa&#250;de Mental e Aten&#231;&#227;o B&#225;sica/Sa&#250;de da Fam&#237;lia, tamb&#233;m incorporaram esta perspectiva.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Duas maneiras b&#225;sicas para o estabelecimento do contato entre a Aten&#231;&#227;o Prim&#225;ria em Sa&#250;de e o apoiador foram implantadas. A primeira conta com agendamento de encontros peri&#243;dicos e regulares, nos quais s&#227;o discutidos casos ou problemas de sa&#250;de selecionados pela equipe de refer&#234;ncia, elaborados projetos terap&#234;uticos e acordadas linhas de interven&#231;&#227;o para os v&#225;rios profissionais envolvidos. As discuss&#245;es suscitam o di&#225;logo sobre temas cl&#237;nicos, de sa&#250;de coletiva e de gest&#227;o do sistema. Em situa&#231;&#245;es que exigem aten&#231;&#227;o espec&#237;fica do n&#250;cleo de saber do apoiador, s&#227;o programados atendimentos ou interven&#231;&#245;es especializadas, sem excluir o seguimento pela equipe da Aten&#231;&#227;o Prim&#225;ria em Sa&#250;de. Na segunda, em situa&#231;&#245;es de urg&#234;ncia, o profissional da refer&#234;ncia aciona o apoiador por meios de comunica&#231;&#227;o personalizados, eletr&#244;nico ou telef&#244;nico.</p>
        <p>Os encontros semanais, agendados pelas equipes, com cronograma semestral, acontecem nas UBS ou nas sedes regionais. Embora aconte&#231;am atendimentos conjuntos, o formato habitual &#233; o da roda de conversa. Inicialmente envolviam apenas os m&#233;dicos e enfermeiros, todavia logo foram inclu&#237;dos os t&#233;cnicos de enfermagem e os agentes comunit&#225;rios de sa&#250;de, seguidos pelos nutricionistas, farmac&#234;uticos, dentistas, estudantes e outros profissionais.</p>
        <p>Nos primeiros anos, os profissionais da Aten&#231;&#227;o Prim&#225;ria em Sa&#250;de traziam dezenas de casos para discuss&#227;o, e os pacientes foram alocados em tr&#234;s grupos: os de agendamento priorit&#225;rio e curto prazo, os de perman&#234;ncia na fila para o especialista e aqueles de reavalia&#231;&#227;o pelo generalista. Entre os &#250;ltimos, est&#227;o os pacientes com a doen&#231;a controlada e os hipertensos supostamente refrat&#225;rios ao tratamento ou sem complica&#231;&#245;es.</p>
        <p>O AM contribuiu para a redu&#231;&#227;o da fila para o cardiologista e permitiu antecipar o atendimento de usu&#225;rios com problemas mais complexos e/ou graves. Desencadeou um processo em que os encaminhamentos realizados pelas equipes de refer&#234;ncia se qualificaram, refletindo maior aptid&#227;o e seguran&#231;a dos profissionais no manejo adequado dos pacientes. Mesmo com oferta de consultas especializadas inalterada, o impacto sobre a fila foi muito relevante ao final de 2 anos, passando de 11.180 para 3.739 pacientes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref> A maioria dos usu&#225;rios remanescentes &#233; representada por retornos, e a espera para atendimento especializado, superior aos 12 meses tornou-se inferior a 3 meses. Nos casos considerados priorit&#225;rios, que incluem dor tor&#225;cica, doen&#231;a coronariana, insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e avalia&#231;&#245;es pr&#233;-operat&#243;rias, os atendimentos ocorrem em prazos menores. A satisfa&#231;&#227;o dos participantes com o m&#233;todo e com os resultados foi expressa em depoimentos e reuni&#245;es de avalia&#231;&#227;o, e gerou programas de AM em outras especialidades.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref>
				</p>
        <p>O AM foi estendido para o hospital municipal e para as unidades de pronto atendimento, para discutir as pseudourg&#234;ncias hipertensivas e as urg&#234;ncias cardiol&#243;gicas. Tamb&#233;m foi implantado um programa para os profissionais de odontologia para discutirem as recomenda&#231;&#245;es da diretriz de avalia&#231;&#227;o perioperat&#243;ria da SBC <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref> e da diretriz de HA.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Comparando as pesquisas de 2007<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> e 2013, constatamos aumento no n&#250;mero de consultas m&#233;dicas e de anti-hipertensivos por paciente, al&#233;m de redu&#231;&#227;o na in&#233;rcia terap&#234;utica, mudan&#231;as que devem ter contribu&#237;do para o melhor controle da HA em 2013. No per&#237;odo entre os estudos, surgiram pra&#231;as equipadas com aparelhos de gin&#225;stica e a quilometragem das ciclovias aumentou, iniciativas que podem ter contribu&#237;do com alguns tratamentos. Campanhas midi&#225;ticas tamb&#233;m podem ter contribu&#237;do para maior procura por tratamento e controle. O n&#250;mero de usu&#225;rios cadastrados no Servi&#231;o de Farm&#225;cia da Secretaria Municipal de Sa&#250;de aumentou no per&#237;odo de 27.700 para 34.116, sugerindo incremento no diagn&#243;stico e no tratamento. Encontramos elevada rotatividade m&#233;dica nas unidades convencionais pesquisadas, com apenas 17% de generalistas efetivos desde 2007, enquanto 69% dos m&#233;dicos foram mantidos nas unidades de ESF. Como o conhecimento foi disseminado de forma continuada e alcan&#231;ou todos os profissionais da Aten&#231;&#227;o Prim&#225;ria em Sa&#250;de &#233; poss&#237;vel que os efeitos da rotatividade tenham sido pouco relevantes. O SUS contempla a distribui&#231;&#227;o gratuita de anti-hipertensivos, mas ocorreu frequente falta de medicamentos em 2013, por in&#233;rcia do gestor municipal &#8722; uma vari&#225;vel que pode ter prejudicado o controle da doen&#231;a.</p>
        <p>Outra pesquisa realizada em 2013 encontrou &#237;ndices de controle da HA semelhantes aos nossos. O estudo avaliou a efic&#225;cia da orienta&#231;&#227;o dos pacientes hipertensos por Agentes Comunit&#225;rios de Sa&#250;de. Quatro unidades da ESF e 432 pacientes foram inclu&#237;dos na pesquisa. Os Agentes Comunit&#225;rios de Sa&#250;de receberam treinamento para aferi&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial e utilizaram aparelho automatizado para aferi&#231;&#227;o no domic&#237;lio dos pacientes. A press&#227;o arterial inicial mostrou controle de 52,3% nas medidas efetuadas nas UBS e de 65,5% nas aferi&#231;&#245;es domiciliares. Ao t&#233;rmino do trabalho dos Agentes Comunit&#225;rios de Sa&#250;de, em 6 meses, o controle da press&#227;o arterial na aferi&#231;&#227;o domiciliar foi obtido em 70,9% dos pacientes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref>
				</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
        <p>O apoio matricial utilizou diversos recursos pedag&#243;gicos, incluindo discuss&#245;es de casos e de temas de interesse coletivo, presenciais e &#224; dist&#226;ncia, atendimentos conjuntos, elabora&#231;&#227;o conjunta de diretrizes, distribui&#231;&#227;o de artigos cient&#237;ficos, treinamento em aferi&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial, incentivo ao trabalho em equipe e outros.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> Ainda, facilitou o acesso ao especialista e contribuiu para a qualifica&#231;&#227;o e valoriza&#231;&#227;o dos profissionais da Aten&#231;&#227;o Prim&#225;ria em Sa&#250;de. Apesar de transcorridos apenas 4 anos e das muitas vari&#225;veis, acreditamos que as iniciativas de educa&#231;&#227;o continuada para os profissionais da refer&#234;ncia, principalmente o apoio matricial, contribu&#237;ram para o grande porcentual de hipertensos controlados em 2013.</p>
        <p>Consideramos importantes duas limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo, o fato de as aferi&#231;&#245;es da press&#227;o arterial terem sido obtidas dos prontu&#225;rios e, por abranger todas as Unidades B&#225;sicas de Sa&#250;de, n&#227;o dispor de um grupo controle sem apoio matricial. Portanto, consideramos conveniente reavalia&#231;&#245;es locais e a utiliza&#231;&#227;o do apoio matricial em outros servi&#231;os, para confirmar nossos achados.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Full texts in English - <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.onlineijcs.org">http://www.onlineijcs.org</ext-link>
					</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
