<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.0" specific-use="sps-1.6" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ijcs</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Int. J. Cardiovasc. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2359-4802</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2359-5647</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">bNNXCZkKCfMQZHkZzmWygXj</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S2359-56472017000200117</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/2359-4802.20170024</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Assessment of the Lifestyle of University Students in the Healthcare Area Using the Fantastic Questionnaire</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tassini</surname>
            <given-names>Carolina Campos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Val</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriela Ribeiro do</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Candido</surname>
            <given-names>Sarah da Silva</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bachur</surname>
            <given-names>Cynthia Kall&#225;s</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de Franca</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Franca</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade de Franca, Franca</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade de Franca</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Ribeir&#227;o Preto</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo,USP, Ribeir&#227;o Preto - Brazil</institution>
        <institution content-type="normalized">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Mailing Address: Carolina Campos Tassini</bold>, Rua Tiradentes, 1730. Postal Code 14400550, Centro, Franca, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil. E-mail: <email>caca_tass@hotmail.com</email>; <email>gabriela.doval@hotmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Author contributions</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Conception and design of the research: Tassini CC, Val GR, Candido SS, Bachur CK. Acquisition of data: Tassini CC, Val GR, Candido SS, Bachur CK. Analysis and interpretation of the data: Tassini CC, Val GR, Candido SS, Bachur CK. Statistical analysis: Tassini CC, Val GR, Candido SS, Bachur CK. Writing of the manuscript: Tassini CC, Val GR, Candido SS, Bachur CK. Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: Tassini CC, Val GR, Candido SS, Bachur CK.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub">
        <season>Mar-Apr</season>
        <year>2017</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>30</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>117</fpage>
      <lpage>122</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>20</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>28</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2016</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2017</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>The constant concern about quality of life nowadays has incited individuals to seek parameters for disease prevention. Along with that, arise a need to investigate and the ability to measure elements that characterize an appropriate lifestyle.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective:</title>
          <p>To compare the factors determining the quality of life of students in the healthcare area using the Fantastic questionnaire.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>Descriptive, cross-sectional, population study. The sample was obtained by convenience and comprised medical and physical therapy students of both sexes and any ethnicity, attending a private institution of higher education, who agreed to fill out the questionnaire voluntarily. The Fantastic instrument used in this study has 25 closed questions that explore nine domains including physical, psychological, and social lifestyle components.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>In total, 57 university students participated, of whom 28 (15%) were physical therapy students and 29 (50.8%) were medical students. The mean age was 23 &#177; 2 years, and 40 (70.1%) were female and 17 (28.8%) were male. The overall rating was "regular", and none of the participants scored in the "very good" and "excellent" categories. The domains that mostly required change among medical students related to nutrition and physical activity, while among physical therapy students they related to cigarette, drugs, and alcohol.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion:</title>
          <p>According to the data collected using the Fantastic questionnaire, there was a remarkable need for improvement in the management of the quality of life of physical therapy and medical students, therefore allowing some social and educational measures through health promotion and disease prevention.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Quality of Life</kwd>
        <kwd>Chronic Disease / prevention &amp; control</kwd>
        <kwd>Students, Medical</kwd>
        <kwd>Students, Health Sciences</kwd>
        <kwd>Surveys and Questionnaires</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>according to the World Health Organization, chronic diseases are responsible for approximately 86.0% of the deaths and 77.0% of the diseases in Europe.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> The main etiology of these diseases are a set of factors fundamentally connected to lifestyle, linked by means of individual choices over the life course.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The Fantastic Lifestyle questionnaire (Annex 1) is an instrument developed in 1984 by Wilson and Ciliska, from the Department of Family Medicine at the University of McMaster, Canada, and validated in Brazil by A&#241;e et al. in 2008.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> This instrument aims at addressing the main factors that characterize a health-appropriate lifestyle. Several studies have confirmed the validity and good level of the questionnaire in determining the lifestyle of both healthy and unhealthy individuals.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Health determinants can be grouped into five categories comprising factors that maintain an individual healthy, such as the social and economic environment, natural physical or man-built environment, personal attitudes, individual capabilities, and services for the promotion, maintenance, and restoration of health.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> In general, changes in lifestyle are not an easy task and may be accompanied by resistance. This often prevents an individual from maintaining for a long time the changes requested by a multidisciplinary team, such as regular physical activity, weight control, moderate consumption of alcohol and salt, cessation of smoking, and stress reduction.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> University life, both for teachers and students, is marked by major changes in the psychosocial and professional spheres, in which the individual is able of consolidating autonomic habits and behaviors due to the distance from his family. Such factors can contribute to both harm and benefit the individual's lifestyle. The greatest changes at this stage occur with regard to diet, physical exercise, sex life, stress, and consumption of alcohol, drugs, and tobacco.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The constant concern related to quality of life nowadays has instigated individuals to seek parameters to prevent diseases. Considering that, it becomes necessary to investigate and measure the elements that characterize an adequate lifestyle.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> The objective of this study was to compare the determinants of quality of life among students in the healthcare area with application of the Fantastic questionnaire.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>Methods</title>
      <p>this was a descriptive, cross-sectional, epidemiological, population study developed in 2015. The sample for this study was obtained by convenience and comprised students in the healthcare area (medicine and physical therapy), without distinction of sex or ethnicity, at a private institution of higher education. These students agreed to fill out the questionnaire voluntarily according to their time availability, without interfering with their daily and academic activities. The Fantastic instrument, used in this study, comprises 25 closed questions that explore nine domains on physical, psychological, and social lifestyle components, identified with the acronym FANTASTIC: F - family and friends, A - physical activity/affiliation, N - nutrition, T - tobacco, A - alcohol and other drugs, S - sleep/stress, T - work/type of personality, I - insight, and C - health and sexual behaviors. The items have five options as answers, with numeric values ranging from 0 to 4. The sum of the scores from all domains derives the global score, which ranges from 0 to 100 points, stratifying the individual into five levels of behavior: 0 to 34 (needs improvement), 35 to 54 (regular), 55 to 69 (good), 70 to 84 (very good), and 85 to 100 (excellent). The lower the score, the greater the need for change.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
			</p>
      <p>All information obtained during data collection were stored in the software Microsoft Excel and then transferred to the statistical software Stata 9.0 for calculation of absolute and relative frequencies. Quantitative variables were described by mean and standard deviation. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee, protocol CAAE no.: 48487515.0.0000.5495.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Statistical analysis</title>
        <p>To analyze the variables, we used the Mann-Whitney nonparametric test, with a significance level of p &#8804; 0.05.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Results</title>
      <p>a total of 57 university students participated in the study, including 28 (15%) physical therapy students and 29 (50.8%) medical students. Of all, 40 (70.1%) were female, and 17 (28.8%) were male, and their mean age was 23 &#177; 2 years. The distribution of the mean age and the anthropometric characteristics of the participants are described in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Table 1</xref>.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Table 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Anthropometric characteristics of the sample, with values presented as mean &#177; standard deviation. Franca, 2015</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="33%"/>
            <col width="33%"/>
            <col width="33%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">
							</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Male(n = 17)</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Female (n = 40)</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Age (years)</td>
              <td align="center">24 &#177; 2.23</td>
              <td align="center">23 &#177; 2.34</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Weight (kg)</td>
              <td align="center">80 &#177; 13.70</td>
              <td align="center">65 &#177; 15.2</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Height (m)</td>
              <td align="center">1.78 &#177; 0.07</td>
              <td align="center">1.65 &#177; 0.05</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">BMI (kg/cm<sup>2</sup>)</td>
              <td align="center">25 &#177; 3.52</td>
              <td align="center">24 &#177; 5.11</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN1">
            <p>n: number of participants; kg: kilogram; cm: centimeter; BMI: body mass index.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>As for the students' lifestyle, the mean global score was 48.1 &#177; 10.50, which falls into the category of 35 to 54 points, <italic>i.e.</italic>, "regular". In the present study, none of the participants scored in the category "very good" or "excellent". <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref> shows the participants' scores and classifications.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t2">
        <label>Table 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Students' scores obtained with the Fantastic Lifestyle questionnaire. Franca, 2015</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
            <col width="25%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">
							</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Needs improvement 0 to 34 points</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Regular 35 to 54 points</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Good 55 to 69 points</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Physical therapy</td>
              <td align="center">0 (0%)</td>
              <td align="center">25 (89.2%)</td>
              <td align="center">3 (10.7%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Medicine</td>
              <td align="center">1 (0.29%)</td>
              <td align="center">22 (75.8%)</td>
              <td align="center">6 (20.6%)</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>The domains that mostly demonstrated a need for change were related to the consumption of cigarettes, drugs, and alcohol in both sexes among the medical students, and alcohol consumption for males and the type of behavior for females among the physical therapy students, as described in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 3</xref>.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t3">
        <label>Table 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Description (mean and standard deviation) of the domains of the Fantastic questionnaire, divided by sex and course. Franca, 2015</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
            <col width="20%"/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
              <th align="left" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">
							</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Medicine</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Physical Therapy</th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Domain</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Male(n = 15)</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Female (n = 14)</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Male (n = 2)</th>
              <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Female (n = 26)</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Family and friends</td>
              <td align="center">4 &#177; 0</td>
              <td align="center">4 &#177; 0.53</td>
              <td align="center">4 &#177; 0.62</td>
              <td align="center">4 &#177; 0.58</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Physical activity</td>
              <td align="center">2.3 &#177; 1.4</td>
              <td align="center">2 &#177; 1.3</td>
              <td align="center">4 &#177; 1.15</td>
              <td align="center">4 &#177; 0.59</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Nutrition</td>
              <td align="center">1.8 &#177; 1.17</td>
              <td align="center">1.8 &#177; 1.3</td>
              <td align="center">4 &#177; 1.83</td>
              <td align="center">4 &#177; 0.59</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Cigarette and drugs</td>
              <td align="center">0.5 &#177; 0.8</td>
              <td align="center">0.2 &#177; 0.3</td>
              <td align="center">2 &#177; 2.31</td>
              <td align="center">4 &#177; 0.87</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Alcohol</td>
              <td align="center">1.2 &#177; 1.0</td>
              <td align="center">0.8 &#177; 1.0</td>
              <td align="center">0 &#177; 1.26</td>
              <td align="center">4 &#177; 0.88</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Sleep, seat belt, stress and safe sex</td>
              <td align="center">2.7 &#177; 1.1</td>
              <td align="center">2.8 &#177; 1.1</td>
              <td align="center">3 &#177; 1.05</td>
              <td align="center">4 &#177; 0.89</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Type of behavior</td>
              <td align="center">2.4 &#177; 1.0</td>
              <td align="center">1.7 &#177; 1.1</td>
              <td align="center">3 &#177; 1.08</td>
              <td align="center">3 &#177; 0.91</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Insight</td>
              <td align="center">2 &#177; 1.0</td>
              <td align="center">2.2 &#177; 1.1</td>
              <td align="center">3 &#177; 1.83</td>
              <td align="center">3 &#177; 0.93</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left">Work</td>
              <td align="center">3 &#177; 0</td>
              <td align="center">3 &#177; 0.6</td>
              <td align="center">2 &#177; 2.00</td>
              <td align="center">4 &#177; 0.92</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>Both physical therapy and medical students reported healthy practices in the domain "family and friends" since most reported having with whom to talk about important issues, in the same proportion that they receive and provide affection.</p>
      <p>In the item "physical activity", 19 (67%) students of physical therapy reported being vigorously active for at least 30 minutes per day less than once a week. On the other hand, eight (25%) medical students reported being vigorously active for at least 30 minutes a day, five or more times a week.</p>
      <p>In regards to eating habits, this study showed in the "nutrition" domain that physical therapy students consume more servings of fruits and vegetables that medical students. On the other hand, medical students reported eating more sugar, salt, and foods with excess fat. In this dimension, the question "am I within a range of... kilograms of a weight considered healthy for me?" was used to inferring the body perception that the students had of themselves. Within the results, we observed that most physical therapy and medical students considered themselves to be more than 2 kg above their ideal weight.</p>
      <p>In the domain "tobacco, alcohol, and drugs" among the main practices, we estimated that 23 (76%) medical students and 24 (85%) physical therapy students had not consumed cigarettes within the prior 5 years. In all, 21 (75%) physical therapy students and 20 (66%) medical students reported consuming less than seven doses of drinks during the week, while 13 (43%) medical students reported occasionally drinking more than four doses of alcoholic beverages on one occasion, with a similar number of physical therapy students reporting the same. Additionally, 23 (82%) physical therapy students reported never having driven after consuming alcoholic beverages; among the medical students, 20 (66%) reported having sometimes driven after consuming alcoholic beverages. None of the students in both courses reported consuming some type of drug, 25 (83%) medical students and 19 (67%) physical therapy students reported never having used drugs that could be purchased without a prescription. Among the physical therapy and medical students, 19 (67%) and 19 (63%), respectively, reported consuming drinks containing caffeine (coffee, tea, or colas) one to two times per day.</p>
      <p>On the domain "sleep and stress", eight (28%) physical therapy students and 10 (33%) medical students reported rarely sleeping well or feeling relaxed. In all, 13 (43%) medical students indicated feeling able sometimes to cope with day-to-day stress, while 10 (35.7%) physical therapy students reported almost always knowing how to deal with daily stress. Additionally, 13 (46%) physical therapy students almost always relax and enjoy their free time, in contrast to only 10 (33%) medical students who reported being able to do so.</p>
      <p>In the domain "work, type of behavior, and insight", the medical students reported feeling more in a hurry when compared with the physical therapy students. On the other hand, physical therapy students reported feeling less nervousness and hostility, and appeared to be more satisfied with the work and functions that they had compared with the medical students, who in turn reported feeling more disappointed and overwhelmed than the physical therapy students.</p>
      <p>In relation to the last domain, "sexual behavior, health, and others", we observed that 19 (67%) physical therapy students reported always using condoms, while 15 (50%) medical students reported using condoms with relative frequency.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discussion</title>
      <p>As this study used a convenience sample comprising students in the healthcare area, we observed a limitation of the participants in terms of lack of time availability to fill out the questionnaire, especially among medical students.</p>
      <p>The insertion of youths in the university is a period of change marked by the conquering of more autonomy and responsibility. The environmental transformation with the entry into the university world brings new interference in an environment in which students often take root or initiate unhealthy behaviors such as smoking or consuming alcoholic beverages and illicit drugs. Increased demands, responsibility, and stress of the studies imposed by the university have been responsible for the emergence of physical and emotional problems in these students.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The emotional and personal demands bring great adversities with the progression of the academic life. Universities offer the skills necessary for a proper professional exercise on the offered course but may become an appropriate place for the acquisition of habits that make these students and future professionals susceptible to various types of diseases.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
			</p>
      <p>The quantification of lifestyle is known to be a challenging and imprecise task because it comprises several dimensions that are naturally difficult to be measured directly in an objective manner. Based in the domains "habits and addictions addressed" assessed during the study, we found that medical and physical therapy students in general fit into the categories "needs improvement" (1.6%), "regular" (79.6%), and "good" (15.2%), and that none of the participants scored in the category "very good" or "excellent". These results differ from those obtained in the study by Rodriguez A&#241;ez et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> in which a survey using the Fantastic questionnaire among graduate and postgraduate students with a mean age of 21.3 years showed that 82.3% had lifestyle levels between "good" and ''very good''.</p>
      <p>In regards to medical students, the domain cigarette, drugs, and alcohol, examined with the Fantastic questionnaire, presented the worst scores of all fields. A study conducted by Silva et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> found that the consumption of alcohol over 12 months by surveyed students rated first, followed by tobacco.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> Overall, the consumption of illicit substances and alcohol has increased among graduate students. In this sense, more and more alternatives have been sought out to help individuals cope with such impact, including activities and training to face the stress imposed by the university's demands and measures to prevent the use of these substances harmful to health through early detection of this setback. The deficiency of effective policies against the use of drugs, alcohol, and tobacco by students has been observed in several studies. However, none of the Brazilian medical schools are heading actions against this problem, such as activities and training sessions enabling the best ways to deal with the stress imposed by the universities.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>
			</p>
      <p>In terms of "sleep" and "stress", many students had difficulty in reconciling leisure, sleep, free time, and activities demanded by the university, and reported feeling tired and stressed with the daily routine. Camargo and Bueno<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> claimed that it is often difficult to find a balance between physiological and psychological needs and requirements of the work organization, and that this conflict may trigger an emotional change that is often not elaborated, resulting in effects on physical and mental health.</p>
      <p>In the present study, many medical students reported poor eating habits in the "nutrition" domain. With the university routine, adolescents adopt practical and fast habits, such as a preference for industrialized products, low intake of fruits, vegetables and legumes, and omission of meals. The routine of irregular eating is considered a fundamental behavior to the development of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and chronic diseases, which contribute to public spending in the health area.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>
			</p>
      <p>Medical students presented the worst scores in the "physical activity" domain. Similar to findings in the literature, a sedentary lifestyle is perpetuated in beginning students, as well as in those completing the studies.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> Silva et al.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> have reported that there is a need to guide students toward a healthy lifestyle and stimulate them to practice physical activity as a way of improving a sedentary lifestyle and its impact on health.</p>
      <p>A study conducted by Vieira et al. has shown that the habit of practicing sports in Brazilian universities is deficient and needs encouragement to prevent a sedentary lifestyle. Less than half of the adolescents had the habit of practicing physical activity, and most of those who practiced it did not exceed 4.5 hours weekly.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> The incentive to sports is able to indirectly improve other domains such as stress and consumption of alcohol, cigarettes, and drugs, as well as adequate eating habits, reducing the risk of chronic diseases. These observations emphasize the importance of this domain.</p>
      <p>The results show that the questionnaire has a high-quality classification ability. Having no change in the items that determine lifestyle, the individuals are reclassified. This is important during intervention programs, which promote lifestyle in order to improve health and quality of life. Positive changes in the classification demonstrate that the questionnaire is reaching the expected results. The Fantastic lifestyle questionnaire is a tool to help different professionals get to know individuals evaluated in primary care, as well as to guide them toward a better quality of life.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>
			</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclusion</title>
      <p>The data obtained in the present study using the Fantastic questionnaire suggest a need for intervention in the quality of life of medical and physical therapy students through educational programs, as well as the implementation of means to encourage the promotion of health and improvement of quality of life.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>
          <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
        </p>
        <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <bold>Study Association</bold>
        </p>
        <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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              <surname>Marcellini</surname>
              <given-names>PS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mendes-Neto</surname>
              <given-names>RS</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>H&#225;bitos alimentares de estudantes de uma Universidade p&#250;blica no Nordeste, Brasil</article-title>
          <source>Alim Nutr Araraquara</source>
          <year>2010</year>
          <volume>21</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
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        </element-citation>
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        <mixed-citation>20 Santos JJ, Silva R. Estilos de vida de estudantes universit&#225;rios: compara&#231;&#227;o entre ingressantes e concluintes. [Relat&#243;rio T&#233;cnico-cient&#237;fico]. Porto: Universidade Fernando Pessoa; 2012 .</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
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            <name>
              <surname>Santos</surname>
              <given-names>JJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Silva</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
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          <source>Relat&#243;rio T&#233;cnico-cient&#237;fico</source>
          <publisher-loc>Porto</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>Universidade Fernando Pessoa</publisher-name>
          <year>2012</year>
        </element-citation>
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        <mixed-citation>21 Vieira VC, Priore SE, Ribeiro SM, Franceschini SC, Almeida LP. Socioeconomic, nutritional and health profile of adolescents recently admitted to a Brazilian public university. Rev Nutr. 2002;15(3):273-82.</mixed-citation>
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            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Priore</surname>
              <given-names>SE</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
              <given-names>SM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Franceschini</surname>
              <given-names>SC</given-names>
            </name>
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              <surname>Almeida</surname>
              <given-names>LP</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Socioeconomic, nutritional and health profile of adolescents recently admitted to a Brazilian public university</article-title>
          <source>Rev Nutr</source>
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      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigos Originais</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Avalia&#231;&#227;o do Estilo de Vida em Discentes Universit&#225;rios da &#193;rea da Sa&#250;de atrav&#233;s do Question&#225;rio Fant&#225;stico</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tassini</surname>
            <given-names>Carolina Campos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Val</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriela Ribeiro do</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Candido</surname>
            <given-names>Sarah da Silva</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bachur</surname>
            <given-names>Cynthia Kall&#225;s</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade de Franca, Franca</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, USP, Ribeir&#227;o Preto - Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Carolina Campos Tassini</bold>, Rua Tiradentes, 1730. CEP: 14400550, Centro, Franca, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil. E-mail: <email>caca_tass@hotmail.com</email>; <email>gabriela.doval@hotmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="con">
          <p>
            <bold>Contribui&#231;&#227;o dos autores</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa: Tassini CC, Val GR, Candido SS, Bachur CK. Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados: Tassini CC, Val GR, Candido SS, Bachur CK. An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados: Tassini CC, Val GR, Candido SS, Bachur CK. An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica: Tassini CC, Val GR, Candido SS, Bachur CK. Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito: Tassini CC, Val GR, Candido SS, Bachur CK. Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante: Tassini CC, Val GR, Candido SS, Bachur CK.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</bold>
          </p>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>Atualmente, a constante preocupa&#231;&#227;o relacionada &#224; qualidade de vida tem instigado a popula&#231;&#227;o a buscar par&#226;metros para a preven&#231;&#227;o de doen&#231;as, com isso surge a necessidade de investiga&#231;&#227;o e a capacidade de mensurar elementos que caracterizam o estilo de vida adequado.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>comparar as determinantes de qualidade de vida a partir do question&#225;rio Fant&#225;stico entre estudantes da &#225;rea da sa&#250;de.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>estudo de car&#225;ter descritivo, transversal, de base populacional. A amostra deste estudo foi por conveni&#234;ncia, em estudantes de Medicina e Fisioterapia, de uma institui&#231;&#227;o privada de ensino superior que aceitaram responder ao question&#225;rio, sem distin&#231;&#227;o de sexo e etnia. O instrumento Fant&#225;stico utilizado neste estudo possui 25 quest&#245;es fechadas que exploraram 9 dom&#237;nios sobre os componentes f&#237;sicos, psicol&#243;gicos e sociais do estilo de vida.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>Participaram 57 estudantes do ensino superior, sendo 28 (15%) do curso de Fisioterapia e 29 (50,8%) do curso de Medicina, 40 (70,1%) do sexo feminino e 17 (28,8%) do sexo masculino, com idade m&#233;dia de 23 &#177; 2 anos. A classifica&#231;&#227;o geral foi de "Regular" e nenhum participante apresentou pontua&#231;&#227;o na categoria "Muito Bom" e "Excelente". Os dom&#237;nios que mais necessitam de mudan&#231;a do curso de Medicina est&#227;o relacionados em Nutri&#231;&#227;o e Atividade F&#237;sica e da Fisioterapia s&#227;o Cigarro, drogas, e &#225;lcool.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p>Baseado nos dados coletados a partir do question&#225;rio FANTASTICO, &#233; not&#225;vel a necessidade de melhoria no manejo da qualidade de vida de ambos os cursos abordados, possibilitando assim algumas medidas socioeducativas, atrav&#233;s de promo&#231;&#227;o de sa&#250;de e preven&#231;&#227;o de doen&#231;as.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Qualidade de Vida, Doen&#231;a Cr&#244;nica / preven&#231;&#227;o &amp; controle</kwd>
        <kwd>Estudantes de Medicina</kwd>
        <kwd>Estudantes de Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de</kwd>
        <kwd>Inqu&#233;ritos e Question&#225;rios</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>A Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial da Sa&#250;de relatou que as doen&#231;as cr&#244;nicas apontam aproximadamente 86,0% das mortes e 77,0% do total de doen&#231;as na Europa<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> (2-4) e t&#234;m como principal etiologia um conjunto de fatores fundamentalmente conectados aos estilos de vida, ligados por meio das op&#231;&#245;es individuais ao decorrer da vida.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>
				</p>
        <p>O question&#225;rio "Estilo de vida Fant&#225;stico" (Anexo 1) &#233; um instrumento que foi desenvolvido por <italic>Wilson e Ciliska</italic>em 1948 no Departamento de Medicina Familiar da Universidade de <italic>McMaster</italic>, no Canad&#225;, e validado no Brasil por A&#241;ez et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> 2008. Este instrumento tem como objetivo abordar os principais fatores que caracterizam o estilo de vida apropriado para a sa&#250;de. V&#225;rios estudos apontam sua validade e um bom n&#237;vel para determinar o estilo de vida tanto de indiv&#237;duos saud&#225;veis quanto de n&#227;o saud&#225;veis.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>
				</p>
        <p>As determinantes da sa&#250;de podem ser agrupadas em 5 categorias, em que se encontram os fatores que fazem as pessoas se manterem saud&#225;veis, dentre eles: ambiente social e econ&#244;mico, ambiente f&#237;sico natural ou constru&#237;do pelo homem, atitudes pessoais, capacidades individuais e os servi&#231;os de promo&#231;&#227;o, manuten&#231;&#227;o e restaura&#231;&#227;o da sa&#250;de.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> No geral, a mudan&#231;a no estilo de vida n&#227;o &#233; uma tarefa f&#225;cil, pode vir acompanhado por uma resist&#234;ncia, o que impossibilita diversas vezes as pessoas de manterem as altera&#231;&#245;es solicitadas por uma equipe multidisciplinar, como manter uma atividade f&#237;sica regular, controlar o peso, ter consumo moderado de &#225;lcool e sal, interromper o uso de tabagismo e diminuir do estresse por muito tempo.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> A vida universit&#225;ria, tanto para docente como para discente, &#233; marcada por grandes mudan&#231;as na vida psicossocial e profissional, onde o indiv&#237;duo &#233; capaz de consolidar h&#225;bitos e comportamentos auton&#244;micos devido ao afastamento do seio familiar. Tais fatores podem contribuir seja para o malef&#237;cio ou benef&#237;cio do estilo de vida. As maiores mudan&#231;as nesta fase ocorrem no que tange a dieta, exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico, consumo de &#225;lcool, drogas e tabaco, vida sexual e estresse.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Nos dias atuais, a constante preocupa&#231;&#227;o relacionada &#224; qualidade de vida tem instigado a popula&#231;&#227;o a buscar par&#226;metros para a preven&#231;&#227;o de doen&#231;as, com isso surge a necessidade de investiga&#231;&#227;o e a capacidade de mensurar elementos que caracterizam o estilo de vida adequado.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> O objetivo desse estudo &#233; comparar os determinantes de qualidade de vida atrav&#233;s da aplica&#231;&#227;o de um question&#225;rio Fant&#225;stico entre estudantes da &#225;rea da sa&#250;de.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>M&#233;todos</title>
        <p>trata-se de um estudo de car&#225;ter descritivo e transversal, epidemiol&#243;gico de base populacional, desenvolvido no ano de 2015. A amostra deste estudo foi por conveni&#234;ncia, composta por estudantes da &#225;rea da sa&#250;de, sem distin&#231;&#227;o de sexo e etnia, vinculados aos cursos de Medicina e Fisioterapia, de uma institui&#231;&#227;o privada de ensino superior, que aceitaram responder, voluntariamente, ao question&#225;rio de acordo com suas disponibilidades de tempo, sem que interferissem em suas atividades di&#225;rias cotidianas e acad&#234;micas. O instrumento Fant&#225;stico utilizado neste estudo possui 25 quest&#245;es fechadas que exploraram nove dom&#237;nios sobre os componentes f&#237;sicos, psicol&#243;gicos e sociais do estilo de vida, que exploraram 9 dom&#237;nios dos componentes f&#237;sicos, psicol&#243;gicos e sociais do estilo de vida e que se identificaram com a sigla <italic>"FANTASTIC</italic>": F - Fam&#237;lia e Amigos; A - Atividade f&#237;sica/ Associativismo; N - Nutri&#231;&#227;o; T - Tabaco; A - &#193;lcool e Outras drogas; S - Sono/ Stress; T - Trabalho/Tipo de personalidade; I - Introspec&#231;&#227;o; C - Comportamentos de sa&#250;de e sexual. Os itens tiveram 5 op&#231;&#245;es de resposta com um valor num&#233;rico de 0, 1, 2, 3 e 4. A soma de todos os pontos resultantes de todos os dom&#237;nios permite chegar a um <italic>score</italic> global que classifica os participantes de 0 a 100 pontos. A classifica&#231;&#227;o que estratifica os 5 n&#237;veis o comportamento s&#227;o: 0 a 34 (Necessita melhorar); 35 a 54 (Regular); 55 a 69 (Bom); 70 a 84 (Muito bom) e 85 a 100 (Excelente). Quanto menor o escore, maior a necessidade de mudan&#231;a.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Todas as informa&#231;&#245;es obtidas durante a coleta de dados foram armazenadas no software Microsoft Excel. Em seguida, foram transferidas para o programa estat&#237;stico STATA 9.0 para c&#225;lculos de frequ&#234;ncia absoluta e relativa. As vari&#225;veis quantitativas foram descritas atrav&#233;s de m&#233;dia e desvio padr&#227;o. Este trabalho foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa, protocolo CAAE n&#186;: 48487515.0.0000.5495.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Resultados</title>
        <p>participaram 57 estudantes do ensino superior, sendo 28 (15%) do curso de Fisioterapia e 29 (50,8%) do curso de Medicina, 40 (70,1%) do sexo feminino e 17 (28,8%) do sexo masculino, com idade m&#233;dia de 23 &#177; 2 anos. A distribui&#231;&#227;o da m&#233;dia da idade dos participantes e as caracter&#237;sticas antropom&#233;tricas est&#227;o descritas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">tabela 1</xref>.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t4">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Caracter&#237;sticas antropom&#233;tricas da amostra em valores apresentados como m&#233;dia + desvio padr&#227;o da amostra. Franca, 2015</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="33%"/>
              <col width="33%"/>
              <col width="33%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">
								</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">MASCULINO (n = 17)</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">FEMININO (n = 40)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Idade (anos)</td>
                <td align="center">24 &#177; 2,23</td>
                <td align="center">23 &#177; 2,34</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Peso (Kg)</td>
                <td align="center">80 &#177; 13,70</td>
                <td align="center">65 &#177; 15,2</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Altura (m)</td>
                <td align="center">1,78 &#177; 0,07</td>
                <td align="center">1,65 &#177; 0,05</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">IMC (Kg/ cm<sup>2</sup>)</td>
                <td align="center">25 &#177; 3,52</td>
                <td align="center">24 &#177; 5,11</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN2">
              <p>n: n&#250;mero participantes; Kg: kilograma; cm: cent&#237;metro; IMC: &#205;ndice de Massa Corp&#243;rea.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Quanto ao estilo de vida dos estudantes, o valor m&#233;dio global foi de 48,1 &#177; 10,50 pontos, que se enquadra na categoria de 35 a 54 pontos, ou seja, "Regular". No presente estudo, nenhum participante apresentou pontua&#231;&#227;o na categoria "Muito Bom" e "Excelente". A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">tabela 2</xref> apresenta a pontua&#231;&#227;o dos participantes, bem como a classifica&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t5">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Pontua&#231;&#227;o dos estudantes obtida a partir do question&#225;rio Estilo de vida Fant&#225;stico, Franca, 2015</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
              <col width="25%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">
								</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Necessita melhorar 0 a 34 pontos</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Regular 35 a 54 pontos</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Bom 55 a 69 pontos</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">FISIOTERAPIA</td>
                <td align="center">0 (0%)</td>
                <td align="center">25 (89,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">3 (10,7%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">MEDICINA</td>
                <td align="center">1 (0,29%)</td>
                <td align="center">22 (75,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">6 (20,6%)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Os dom&#237;nios que mais necessitam de mudan&#231;a do curso de Medicina est&#227;o relacionados em Cigarro, drogas e &#225;lcool para ambos os sexos e da Fisioterapia s&#227;o &#225;lcool para o sexo masculino e Tipo de Comportamento para o sexo feminino, conforme descrito na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">tabela 3</xref>.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t6">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Descri&#231;&#227;o em m&#233;dia e desvio padr&#227;o dos dom&#237;nios do Question&#225;rio Fant&#225;stico divididos por sexo e curso. Franca, 2015</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
              <col width="20%"/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr style="border-bottom-width:thin;border-bottom-style:solid">
                <th align="left" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">
								</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">MEDICINA</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">FISIOTERAPIA</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Dom&#237;nio</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Masculino (n = 15)</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Feminino (n = 14)</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Masculino (n = 2)</th>
                <th align="center" style="background-color:#B2B2B2">Feminino (n = 26)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Fam&#237;lia e amigos</td>
                <td align="center">4 &#177; 0</td>
                <td align="center">4 &#177; 0.53</td>
                <td align="center">4 &#177; 0,62</td>
                <td align="center">4 &#177; 0.58</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Atividade F&#237;sica</td>
                <td align="center">2,3 &#177; 1.4</td>
                <td align="center">2 &#177; 1,3</td>
                <td align="center">4 &#177; 1.15</td>
                <td align="center">4 &#177; 0,59</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Nutri&#231;&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">1,8 &#177; 1.17</td>
                <td align="center">1,8 &#177; 1,3</td>
                <td align="center">4 &#177; 1.83</td>
                <td align="center">4 &#177; 0,59</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Cigarro e drogas</td>
                <td align="center">0,5 &#177; 0,8</td>
                <td align="center">0,2 &#177; 0.3</td>
                <td align="center">2 &#177; 2,31</td>
                <td align="center">4 &#177; 0,87</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">&#193;lcool</td>
                <td align="center">1,2 &#177; 1.0</td>
                <td align="center">0,8 &#177; 1,0</td>
                <td align="center">0 &#177; 1,26</td>
                <td align="center">4 &#177; 0,88</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Sono, cinto de seguran&#231;a, Estresse e sexo seguro</td>
                <td align="center">2,7 &#177; 1.1</td>
                <td align="center">2,8 &#177; 1,1</td>
                <td align="center">3 &#177; 1.05</td>
                <td align="center">4 &#177; 0.89</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Tipo de comportamento</td>
                <td align="center">2,4 &#177; 1,0</td>
                <td align="center">1,7 &#177; 1,1</td>
                <td align="center">3 &#177; 1,08</td>
                <td align="center">3 &#177; 0,91</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Introspec&#231;&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">2 &#177; 1,0</td>
                <td align="center">2,2 &#177; 1,1</td>
                <td align="center">3 &#177; 1,83</td>
                <td align="center">3 &#177; 0,93</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Trabalho</td>
                <td align="center">3 &#177; 0</td>
                <td align="center">3 &#177; 0.6</td>
                <td align="center">2 &#177; 2,00</td>
                <td align="center">4 &#177; 0.92</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>No dom&#237;nio "Fam&#237;lia e Amigos", os estudantes de Fisioterapia e Medicina obtiveram pr&#225;ticas saud&#225;veis nessa dimens&#227;o j&#225; que a maioria dos estudantes tiveram com quem falar das coisas que s&#227;o importantes para eles, na mesma propor&#231;&#227;o que recebem e oferecem carinho.</p>
        <p>No item "Atividade F&#237;sica", 19 (67%) estudantes de Fisioterapia s&#227;o vigorosamente ativo pelo menos 30 minutos por dia menos de 1 vez por semana, e 8 (25%) estudantes de Medicina que s&#227;o vigorosamente ativos pelo menos 30 minutos por dia durante 5 vezes ou mais por semana.</p>
        <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o aos h&#225;bitos alimentares, no dom&#237;nio "Nutri&#231;&#227;o" este estudo mostrou que os estudantes de Fisioterapia consomem mais por&#231;&#245;es de frutas e legumes que os estudantes de Medicina, com isso os estudantes de Medicina comem mais a&#231;&#250;car, sal e comida com excesso de gordura. Nessa dimens&#227;o se considera a pergunta: <italic>"Estou em um intervalo de... quilos do meu peso consider&#225;vel saud&#225;vel?"</italic> para inferir a percep&#231;&#227;o corporal que os estudantes t&#234;m de si mesmo. Dentro dos resultados se observou que a maioria dos estudantes tanto de Fisioterapia quanto de Medicina considera que se encontram mais de 2 kg do seu peso ideal.</p>
        <p>No dom&#237;nio "Tabaco, &#225;lcool e drogas" entre as principais pr&#225;ticas estima-se que 23 (76%) dos estudantes de Medicina e 24 (85%) da Fisioterapia n&#227;o consumiram cigarros nos &#250;ltimos 5 anos. Os estudantes de Fisioterapia 21 (75%) e de Medicina 20 (66%) consomem menos de 7 doses bebidas durante a semana, 13 (43%) estudantes de Medicina bebem ocasionalmente mais de 4 doses de bebidas alco&#243;licas em uma ocasi&#227;o o mesmo vale para os estudantes de Fisioterapia. 23 (82%) dos estudantes de Fisioterapia disseram que nunca dirigiram depois de consumir bebidas alco&#243;licas, j&#225; os de Medicina 20 (66%) disseram que algumas vezes j&#225; dirigiram ap&#243;s consumirem bebidas alco&#243;licas, ambos os cursos n&#227;o consomem nenhum tipo de droga, 25 (83%) dos estudantes de Medicina nunca fizeram uso de f&#225;rmacos que podem ser comprados sem receita e os de Fisioterapia 19 (67%) tamb&#233;m nunca fizeram uso. 19 (67%) dos estudantes de Fisioterapia e Medicina 19 (63%) consomem, de uma a duas vezes por dia, bebidas que contem cafe&#237;na (caf&#233;, ch&#225; ou colas).</p>
        <p>Sobre o dom&#237;nio "Sono e estresse", resultados mostram que 8 (28%) dos estudantes de Fisioterapia raramente dormem bem e se sentem descansados e os da Medicina 10 (33%) tamb&#233;m sentem o mesmo, 13 (43%) dos estudantes de Medicina algumas vezes se sentem capaz de lidar com o estresse do dia a dia j&#225; os de Fisioterapia 10 (35,7%) quase sempre sabem lidar com o estresse do dia a dia, 13 (46%) dos estudantes de Fisioterapia quase sempre relaxam e desfrutam do tempo livre, diferente dos estudantes de Medicina que apenas 10 (33%) as vezes consegue relaxar e desfrutar do tempo livre.</p>
        <p>No dom&#237;nio "Trabalho, tipo de comportamento e introspec&#231;&#227;o", os estudantes de Medicina disseram que se sentem com mais pressa em rela&#231;&#227;o aos estudantes de Fisioterapia, que tamb&#233;m se sentem menos nervosos, hostis e aparentam estar mais satisfeito com o trabalho e fun&#231;&#245;es que possuem em compara&#231;&#227;o aos estudantes da Medicina, j&#225; que estes se sentem mais desapontados e oprimidos em rela&#231;&#227;o aos estudantes de Fisioterapia.</p>
        <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o ao &#250;ltimo dom&#237;nio referente &#224; "Comportamento sexual, sa&#250;de e outros", foi observado que o uso de preservativos, 19 (67%) dos estudantes de Fisioterapia disseram que sempre usam, j&#225; os de Medicina 15 (50%) usam com relativa frequ&#234;ncia.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
        <p>a inser&#231;&#227;o do jovem na universidade &#233; um per&#237;odo de mudan&#231;a marcada pela conquista de mais autonomia e responsabilidades. A transforma&#231;&#227;o ambiental com a entrada no mundo universit&#225;rio acarreta novas inger&#234;ncias do ambiente em que os estudantes, muitas vezes enra&#237;zam ou iniciam comportamentos menos saud&#225;veis, tais como: o tabagismo e/ou o aumento do consumo de bebidas alco&#243;licas e drogas il&#237;citas. A alta cobran&#231;a, responsabilidade e estresse dos estudos imposta na universidade, tem sido os respons&#225;veis para surgimento de problemas f&#237;sicos e emocionais destes estudantes.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>
				</p>
        <p>As cobran&#231;as emocionais e pessoais trazem grandes adversidades com o desenvolver da vida acad&#234;mica as faculdades oferecem compet&#234;ncias necess&#225;rias ao bom exerc&#237;cio oferecido, mas podem se tornar um local apropriado para se adquirir costumes que esses estudantes e futuros profissionais se tornem suscet&#237;veis a diversos tipos de doen&#231;as.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Sabe-se que a quantifica&#231;&#227;o do estilo de vida &#233; uma tarefa desafiadora e imprecisa, pois s&#227;o compostas por variadas dimens&#245;es, que s&#227;o naturalmente dif&#237;ceis de serem medidas diretamente de forma objetiva. Com base nos dom&#237;nios: h&#225;bitos e v&#237;cios abordados avaliados no decorrer do estudo, de um modo geral identificou-se que dentre os estudantes de medicina e fisioterapia se enquadraram em: 1,6% "Necessita Melhorar'', 79.6% "Regular", 15.2% "Bom" e nenhum participante apresentou pontua&#231;&#227;o na categoria "Muito Bom" e "Excelente", o que diverge do estudo de Rodriguez A&#241;ez et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> que atrav&#233;s de um levantamento pelo Question&#225;rio Fant&#225;stico realizado entre graduandos e p&#243;s graduandos, com m&#233;dia de idade de 21,3 anos foi demonstrado que 82.3% dos avaliados apresentaram n&#237;veis de estilo de vida entre ''Bom'' e ''Muito Bom''.</p>
        <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o aos estudantes do curso de Medicina, o dom&#237;nio cigarro , drogas e &#225;lcool, analisado pelo Question&#225;rio Fant&#225;stico, apresentou as piores pontua&#231;&#245;es dentre todos os campos. Em estudo realizado por Silva et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> foi observado que a utiliza&#231;&#227;o do &#225;lcool nos estudantes pesquisados em 12 meses esteve em primeiro lugar seguida do tabaco.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> Globalmente tem-se constatado o aumento do consumo de subst&#226;ncias il&#237;citas e bebidas alco&#243;licas entre graduandos, desta forma tem-se cada vez mais buscando alternativas para lidar com tal impacto e algumas delas s&#227;o atividades e treinos para enfrentar o estresse imposto pela cobran&#231;a universit&#225;ria e medidas de preven&#231;&#227;o ao uso destas subst&#226;ncias nocivas &#224; sa&#250;de atrav&#233;s da detecta&#231;&#227;o precoce deste rev&#233;s. A defici&#234;ncia de pol&#237;ticas efetivas contra o uso de drogas, &#225;lcool e tabagismo por estudantes foi constatado por diversos estudos, n&#227;o havendo alguma escola m&#233;dica brasileira que assuma tais condutas frente &#224; tal problema, como atividades e treinos habilitando as melhores maneiras de lidar com o estresse imposto nas universidades.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>
				</p>
        <p>No quesito "sono" e "estresse", muitos estudantes apresentaram dificuldade de conciliar lazer, sono, horas livres, e atividades exigidas pela faculdade e se sentem cansados e estressados com o dia a dia. Camargo e Bueno<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> afirmam que muitas vezes, h&#225; dificuldade em encontrar o ponto de equil&#237;brio entre as necessidades e as exig&#234;ncias da organiza&#231;&#227;o do trabalho, tanto fisiol&#243;gicas quanto psicol&#243;gicas, e que deste conflito, pode desencadear uma mudan&#231;a de sentimento que muitas vezes n&#227;o &#233; elaborada, resultando repercuss&#245;es sobre a sa&#250;de f&#237;sica e mental.</p>
        <p>No presente estudo, em rela&#231;&#227;o ao dom&#237;nio nutri&#231;&#227;o, muitos estudantes de medicina apresentaram h&#225;bitos alimentares inadequados. Com a rotina universit&#225;ria, os adolescentes passam a apresentar h&#225;bitos alimentares pr&#225;ticos e r&#225;pidos, tal como a prefer&#234;ncia por produtos industrializados, baixa ingesta de frutas, hortali&#231;as e leguminosas e omiss&#227;o de refei&#231;&#245;es. A rotina de alimenta&#231;&#227;o irregular &#233; considerada comportamento fundamental para o desenvolvimento da obesidade, diabetes, hipertens&#227;o arterial, doen&#231;as cr&#244;nicas entre as quais contribuem para gastos p&#250;blicos da &#225;rea da sa&#250;de.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>
				</p>
        <p>Discentes do curso de Medicina apresentaram as piores pontua&#231;&#245;es no quesito dom&#237;nio de atividade f&#237;sica, e equivalente ao que mostra a literatura, o sedentarismo perpetua tanto os estudantes ingressantes quanto nos que concluem o curso.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> A necessidade de orienta&#231;&#227;o dos discentes para um estilo de vida saud&#225;vel e estimulo &#224; atividades f&#237;sicas dos discentes, tem sido relatada por Santos et al.,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> como forma de melhorar o sedentarismo e suas repercuss&#245;es &#224; sa&#250;de</p>
        <p>Em estudo realizado por Vieira et al observaram que o h&#225;bito de praticar esportes em universidades brasileiras &#233; deficiente e necessita de incentivo buscando evitar o sedentarismo. Menos da metade dos adolescentes tinham o h&#225;bito de praticar atividade f&#237;sica e a maioria dos praticantes n&#227;o ultrapassavam 4 horas e meia semanais.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> O incentivo aos esportes &#233; capaz de melhorar, de forma indireta, outros dom&#237;nios como: estresse, &#225;lcool, cigarros e drogas e somado a alimenta&#231;&#227;o adequada, melhora o risco de doen&#231;as cr&#244;nicas. Portanto, nota-se a import&#226;ncia deste dom&#237;nio.</p>
        <p>Os resultados mostram que o question&#225;rio possui uma capacidade classificat&#243;ria de alta qualidade. N&#227;o havendo mudan&#231;as nos itens que determinam o estilo de vida, as pessoas ser&#227;o reclassificadas. Isso &#233; importante durante programas de interven&#231;&#227;o, que promove o estilo de vida de uma forma para melhorar a sa&#250;de e a qualidade de vida. Com altera&#231;&#245;es positivas na classifica&#231;&#227;o demonstram que o question&#225;rio est&#225; atingindo os resultados esperados. O question&#225;rio "Estilo de vida fant&#225;stico" &#233; um material para ajudar os multiprofissionais a conhecerem as pessoas avaliadas na aten&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria, bem como orienta-los para uma melhor qualidade de vida.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>
				</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
        <p>de acordo com os dados obtidos no presente estudo, sugere-se que a partir do question&#225;rio FANT&#193;STICO, h&#225; evid&#234;ncias da necessidade de interven&#231;&#227;o na qualidade de vida em ambos os cursos atrav&#233;s de programas educativos, bem como implementar meios de incentivar a promo&#231;&#227;o de sa&#250;de e melhora da qualidade de vida.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>
            <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
          </p>
          <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
          </p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
