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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">BPDVrF4DmnRVjkJVwrbW6fv</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2012001500018</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(12)09900600018</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2012001500018</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Corre&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica de janela aortopulmonar em g&#234;meos: relato de caso</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jatene</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo Biscegli</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Patricia Marques</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Succi</surname>
            <given-names>Fabiana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Martins</surname>
            <given-names>Stevan Kriger</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Carvalho</surname>
            <given-names>Vitor Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jatene</surname>
            <given-names>Ieda Biscegli</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">USP</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina </institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff02">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Servi&#231;o de Cirurgia Card&#237;aca Pedi&#225;trica </institution>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2012</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>99</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>e178</fpage>
      <lpage>e180</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>11</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2013</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>RELATO DE CASO</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Corre&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica de janela aortopulmonar em g&#234;meos: relato de caso</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Marcelo Biscegli Jatene<sup>I,II</sup>; Patricia Marques Oliveira<sup>II</sup>; Fabiana Succi<sup>II</sup>; Stevan Kriger Martins<sup>II</sup>; Vitor Oliveira Carvalho<sup>I</sup>; Ieda Biscegli Jatene<sup>II</sup></bold>
    </p>
    <p><sup>I</sup>Servi&#231;o de Cirurgia Card&#237;aca Pedi&#225;trica do Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP (InCor-HCFMUSP), S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil </p>
    <p><sup>II</sup>Servi&#231;o de Cirurgia Card&#237;aca Pedi&#225;trica do Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o (HCor), S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end">Correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p><bold>Palavras-chave: </bold>Cardiopatias Cong&#234;nitas / cirurgia; Defeitos dos Septos Card&#237;acos / cirurgia; G&#234;meos Monozig&#243;ticos; Esternotomia.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>A janela aortopulmonar (JAP) &#233; uma cardiopatia cong&#234;nita pouco prevalente, causada por um defeito septal do tronco arterial comum para a aorta e a art&#233;ria pulmonar. Esse defeito septal entre a aorta ascendente e o tronco e/ou art&#233;ria pulmonar direita hemodinamicamente se assemelha a um grande canal arterial persistente, ou, mais apropriadamente, a um tronco arterial comum<sup>1</sup>. </p>
    <p>Os sintomas cl&#237;nicos em pacientes com JAP est&#227;o relacionados com o fluxo de sangue pulmonar e a magnitude do defeito do septo entre a aorta ascendente e a art&#233;ria do tronco e/ou pulmonar. Considerando a classifica&#231;&#227;o de Mori<sup>2</sup>, a JAP pode ser classificada em tr&#234;s tipos principais: tipo I (proximal) - acima do seio de Valsalva; tipo II (distal) - na aorta ascendente distal; e tipo III (total) - ao longo da aorta ascendente. O tipo I &#233; o mais comum. </p>
    <p>Embora existam alguns relatos na literatura com JAP, n&#227;o h&#225; nenhuma descri&#231;&#227;o em g&#234;meos. O objetivo deste estudo &#233; descrever o tratamento cir&#250;rgico de dois g&#234;meos monozig&#243;ticos com JAP do tipo I, bem como aspectos t&#233;cnicos e acompanhamento. </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Relato do Caso</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Dois g&#234;meos monozig&#243;ticos do sexo masculino, com um ano de idade, havia apresentado manifesta&#231;&#245;es graduais de fadiga durante a amamenta&#231;&#227;o por tr&#234;s meses e sintomas progressivos de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca.</p>
    <p>A avalia&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica em conjunto com o ecocardiograma e cateterismo card&#237;aco confirmou o diagn&#243;stico do JAP tipo I (Mori) sem defeitos associados. O aspecto angiogr&#225;fico era muito semelhante nas duas crian&#231;as (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="a18fig01">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
    <p content-type="asset">
      <fig id="a18fig01">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-99-06-e178-00018-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>A cirurgia foi realizada atrav&#233;s de esternotomia mediana em ambas as crian&#231;as. Em ambos os casos, ap&#243;s abertura do peric&#225;rdio, identificamos a JAP na aorta proximal ascendente e tronco pulmonar. Ap&#243;s cuidadosa dissec&#231;&#227;o e isolamento da JAP, optamos por n&#227;o utilizar a circula&#231;&#227;o extracorp&#243;rea (CEC), devido &#224; anatomia favor&#225;vel. Ap&#243;s pin&#231;amento lateral da aorta e tronco pulmonar, a JAP foi seccionada e as bordas foram suturadas com dois pontos correntes de polipropileno 6-0 (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="a18fig02">Figura 2-A</xref>). O resultado cir&#250;rgico foi considerado favor&#225;vel em ambos os casos, sem retra&#231;&#245;es ou &#226;ngulos resultantes de suturas (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="a18fig02">Figura 2-B</xref>). Ambas as crian&#231;as foram operadas no mesmo dia por decis&#227;o da fam&#237;lia.</p>
    <p><fig id="a18fig02"/>&#13;
&#160;&#13;
</p>
    <p>
      <fig id="a18fig02a">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-99-06-e178-00018-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>&#13;
  <fig id="a18fig02xfig2b"/><fig id="a18fig02b"><graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-99-06-e178-00018-gf03.jpg"/></fig></p>
    <p>Ambas as crian&#231;as apresentaram um bom curso p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio, com a ocorr&#234;ncia de hipertens&#227;o arterial nas primeiras horas, a qual foi controlada com medica&#231;&#227;o intravenosa (nitroprussiato), seguida por medica&#231;&#227;o oral (captopril). Ambos os pacientes permaneceram na unidade de terapia intensiva pedi&#225;trica por 48 horas e receberam alta do hospital sete dias ap&#243;s a cirurgia. </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Seguimento</bold>
    </p>
    <p>O seguimento de cinco anos mostrou bom desenvolvimento dos g&#234;meos. As crian&#231;as permaneceram assintom&#225;ticas, com desenvolvimento adequado de peso e altura para a idade, sem o uso de qualquer tipo de medica&#231;&#227;o. O ecocardiograma de controle mostrou adequada corre&#231;&#227;o da JAP, sem retra&#231;&#245;es ou expans&#245;es no local da cirurgia e preserva&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca em ambos os ventr&#237;culos.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Discuss&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Este relato de caso descreve pela primeira vez na literatura a presen&#231;a de JAP em g&#234;meos. Al&#233;m disso, descreve o procedimento cir&#250;rgico e o seguimento de cinco anos. O tratamento cir&#250;rgico da JAP &#233; indicado assim que poss&#237;vel, ap&#243;s o diagn&#243;stico de doen&#231;a card&#237;aca, a fim de prevenir o desenvolvimento de hipertens&#227;o pulmonar irrevers&#237;vel<sup>3</sup>. O diagn&#243;stico de JAP pode ser feito no per&#237;odo pr&#233;-natal, o que permite a corre&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica no per&#237;odo neonatal<sup>4,5</sup>.</p>
    <p>Historicamente, em 1952, Gross realizou a primeira corre&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica de JAP em um paciente de quatro anos. Depois disso, as t&#233;cnicas cir&#250;rgicas t&#234;m melhorado ao longo dos anos. A aortotomia permite a visualiza&#231;&#227;o otimizada da les&#227;o e a identifica&#231;&#227;o de todas as estruturas anat&#244;micas<sup>6</sup>. A corre&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica da JAP &#233; realizada com CEC na maioria dos casos, entretanto, neste caso, decidiu-se realizar o procedimento sem CEC devido &#224; anatomia favor&#225;vel. Ao dissecar a JAP, identificamos &#225;rea suficiente para o posicionamento de dois grampos sem comprometer o l&#250;men da aorta e tronco pulmonar com a possibilidade t&#233;cnica de sec&#231;&#227;o da JAP e sutura isolada das duas bordas. Em ambos os casos cir&#250;rgicos, a CEC estava preparada e dispon&#237;vel, como planejado anteriormente. </p>
    <p>Sabe-se que a sobrevida ap&#243;s a corre&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica da JAP est&#225; relacionada &#224; presen&#231;a de malforma&#231;&#245;es associadas, idade ao diagn&#243;stico e reconstru&#231;&#227;o adequada de estruturas vasculares<sup>7</sup>. Alguns relatos anteriores n&#227;o mostraram mortes imediatas ou tardias ap&#243;s um per&#237;odo de duas semanas a 28 anos<sup>3</sup>. Quando a JAP n&#227;o &#233; tratada, a mortalidade pode chegar a 40% no primeiro ano de vida<sup>8</sup>. O diagn&#243;stico precoce e o tratamento associado com as t&#233;cnicas de prote&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica t&#234;m contribu&#237;do para uma melhoria nos resultados da cirurgia em anos recentes<sup>3</sup>. Ambas as crian&#231;as sobreviveram e nenhuma apresentou complica&#231;&#245;es, exceto hipertens&#227;o. </p>
    <p>Em alguns casos selecionados, o fechamento da JAP pode ser feito por t&#233;cnica percut&#226;nea com um sistema modificado de pr&#243;tese em guarda-chuva duplo, mas os resultados a m&#233;dio e longo prazo n&#227;o est&#227;o bem estabelecidos<sup>9</sup>.</p>
    <p>Embora alguns casos tenham sido relatados na literatura, n&#227;o h&#225; relato sobre a ocorr&#234;ncia, tratamento e acompanhamento de JAP em g&#234;meos. Relatos sobre a associa&#231;&#227;o entre doen&#231;a card&#237;aca cong&#234;nita e gen&#233;tica foram publicados na literatura, mas esse ainda &#233; um campo aberto em cardiologia pedi&#225;trica. Geneticistas e m&#233;dicos t&#234;m debatido se as cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas podem ser causadas por um defeito em um &#250;nico gene<sup>10</sup>. Nosso relato de caso contribui para esse debate, apesar de nenhum estudo gen&#233;tico espec&#237;fico ter sido realizado nos g&#234;meos.</p>
    <p>Em conclus&#227;o, uma JAP muito semelhante foi encontrada em dois g&#234;meos monozig&#243;ticos. Os aspectos cir&#250;rgicos foram muito favor&#225;veis e, ap&#243;s cinco anos, as crian&#231;as permanecem assintom&#225;ticas com fun&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca normal e sem uso de medica&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesses</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
    </p>
    <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
    </p>
    <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>
      <fn id="end" fn-type="corresp">
        <label>
          <bold> Correspond&#234;ncia:</bold>
        </label>
        <p> Marcelo B. Jatene </p>
        <p> Servi&#231;o de Cirurgia Card&#237;aca Pedi&#225;trica. InCor HCFMUSP </p>
        <p> Av Dr. En&#233;as de Carvalho Aguiar, 44. Bloco 2, 2&#186; andar, sala 5 </p>
        <p> CEP 05403-900, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil </p>
        <p> Email: </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="marcelo.jatene@incor.usp.br">marcelo.jatene@incor.usp.br</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p>Artigo recebido em 08/02/12; revisado em 09/02/12; aceito em 03/07/12.</p>
  </body>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Report</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Surgical repair of aortopulmonary window in twins: a case report</article-title>
      </title-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>CASE REPORT</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <fn id="enda-body2">
          <label>
            <bold>Surgical repair of aortopulmonary window in twins: a case report</bold>
          </label>
          <p>
            <bold>Marcelo Biscegli Jatene<sup>I,II</sup>; Patricia Marques Oliveira<sup>II</sup>; Fabiana Succi<sup>II</sup>; Stevan Kriger Martins<sup>II</sup>; Vitor Oliveira Carvalho<sup>I</sup>; Ieda Biscegli Jatene<sup>II</sup></bold>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </p>
      <p><sup>I</sup>Servi&#231;o de Cirurgia Card&#237;aca Pedi&#225;trica do Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP (InCor-HCFMUSP), S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</p>
      <p><sup>II</sup>Servi&#231;o de Cirurgia Card&#237;aca Pedi&#225;trica do Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o (HCor), S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</p>
      <p>Mailing Address</p>
      <p><bold>Keywords: </bold>Heart Defects, Congenital / surgery; Heart Septal Defects / surgery; Twins, Monozygotic; Sternotomy.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Introduction</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The aortopulmonary window (APW) is a rare congenital heart disease, caused by a septal defect in the common truncus arteriosus into the aorta and pulmonary artery. This septal defect between the ascending aorta and the trunk and/or right pulmonary artery hemodynamically resembles a large patent ductus arteriosus or, more appropriately, the common arterial trunk<sup>1</sup>.</p>
      <p>The clinical symptoms in patients with APW are related to pulmonary blood flow and the magnitude of the septal defect between the ascending aorta and the trunk and / or pulmonary artery. Considering Mori's classification<sup>2</sup>, the APW can be classified into three main types; type I (proximal) - above the sinus of Valsalva; type II (distal) - in the distal ascending aorta and type III (total) throughout the ascending aorta. The most common one is type I.</p>
      <p>Although there are some reports in the literature on APW, there has been no description in twins. The aim of this study is to describe the surgical treatment of two monozygotic twins with type I APW, as well as technical aspects and follow-up.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Case Report</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Two one-year-old male monozygotic twins had shown gradual manifestations of fatigue during breastfeeding for 3 months and progressive symptoms of heart failure.</p>
      <p>The clinical assessment in association with echocardiography and cardiac catheterization confirmed the diagnosis of type I APW (Mori) without associated defects. The angiographic appearance was very similar in the two children (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="en_a18fig01-body2">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
      <p content-type="asset">
        <fig id="en_a18fig01-body2">
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-99-06-e178-00018-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>The surgery was performed in both children by median sternotomy. In both cases, after opening the pericardium, we identified the APW in the proximal ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk. After careful dissection and isolation of the APW, we chose not to use cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), due to the favorable anatomy. After lateral clamping of the aorta and pulmonary trunk, the APW was sectioned and the edges were sutured with two running polypropylene stitches 6-0 (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="en_a18fig02-body2">Figure 2-A</xref>). The surgical outcome was considered favorable in both cases, without retractions or angles arising from sutures (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="en_a18fig02-body2">Figure 2-B</xref>). Both children were operated on the same day by decision of the family.</p>
      <p content-type="html"><fig id="en_a18fig02-body2"><graphic xlink:href="https://minio.scielo.br/documentstore/1678-4170/BPDVrF4DmnRVjkJVwrbW6fv/18c184ed0b9b0e9ae793ce0a8150a0e97bfeeb1f.jpg"/><graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-99-06-e178-00018-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>&#13;
&#160;&#13;
</p>
      <p>Both children showed good postoperative course, with the occurrence of hypertension in the early hours, which was controlled by intravenous medication (nitroprusside) followed by oral medication (captopril). Both patients remained in the pediatric intensive care unit for 48 hours and were discharged from the hospital 7 days after surgery.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Follow-up</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The 5-years follow-up showed proper development of the twins. The children remain asymptomatic, with adequate weight and height development for their age, without the use of any type of medication. The control echocardiogram showed adequate correction of the APW, no retractions or expansions at the site of surgery and preserved cardiac function in both ventricles.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Discussion</bold>
      </p>
      <p>This case report describes for the first time in literature the presence of APW in twins. In addition, it describes the surgical procedure and the 5-year follow-up.</p>
      <p>The surgical treatment of APW is indicated as soon as possible after the diagnosis of heart disease in order to prevent the development of irreversible pulmonary hypertension<sup>3</sup>. The diagnosis of APW can be made in the pre-natal period, which allows the surgical correction to be performed in the neonatal period<sup>4,5</sup>.</p>
      <p>Historically, in 1952, Gross performed the first surgical correction of APW in a 4-year-old patient. Thereafter, surgical techniques have improved over the years. The aortotomy allows optimal visualization of the lesion and identification of all anatomical structures<sup>6</sup>. Surgical correction of the APW is performed with CPB in most of the cases, but in this case, it was decided to perform the procedure without ECC due to the favorable anatomy. By dissecting the APW, we identified enough area for positioning two clamps without compromising the lumen of the aorta and pulmonary trunk with the technical possibility of sectioning the APW and isolated suturing of the two edges. In both surgical cases, the CPB was prepared and available, as previously planned.</p>
      <p>It is known that survival after surgical correction of APW is related to the presence of associated malformations, age at diagnosis and adequate reconstruction of vascular structures<sup>7</sup>. Some previous reports found no immediate or late deaths during a follow-up period of 2 weeks to 28 years<sup>3</sup>. When the APW is not treated, mortality rates can reach 40% in the first year of life<sup>8</sup>. The early diagnosis and treatment associated with the techniques of myocardial protection have contributed to an improvement in the results of surgery in recent years<sup>3</sup>. In both children, there were no deaths or complications except hypertension.</p>
      <p>In some selected cases, closing the APW can be carried out by percutaneous technique with a modified double-umbrella occluder system, but the results in the medium and long term are not well established<sup>9</sup>.</p>
      <p>Although some cases have been reported in the literature, there has been no report about the occurrence, treatment and follow-up of APW in twins. Reports about the association between genetic and congenital heart disease have been published in the literature, but it remains an open field in pediatric cardiology. Geneticists and clinicians debate whether congenital heart diseases can be caused by a defect in a single gene<sup>10</sup>. Our case report contributes to this debate, although no specific genetic study was performed in the twins.</p>
      <p>In conclusion, a very similar APW was found in two monozygotic male twins. The surgical aspects were very favorable and, after 5 years, the children have remained asymptomatic with normal cardiac function and without use of medication.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
      </p>
      <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
      </p>
      <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Study Association</bold>
      </p>
      <p>This study is not associated with any post-graduation program.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
