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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">xVsz3Zgc4SFSq75WzgSPQhS</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2012001200015</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(12)09900300015</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2012001200015</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Correla&#231;&#227;o Cl&#237;nico-Radiogr&#225;fica</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Caso 6/2012: rec&#233;m-nascido com atresia pulmonar, comunica&#231;&#227;o interventricular e duplo arco a&#243;rtico</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Atik</surname>
            <given-names>Edmar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina </institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2012</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>99</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>e128</fpage>
      <lpage>e130</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>20</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2012</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>CORRELA&#199;&#195;O Cl&#205;NICO-RADIOGR&#193;FICA</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Caso 6/2012 - rec&#233;m-nascido com atresia pulmonar, comunica&#231;&#227;o interventricular e duplo arco a&#243;rtico</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Edmar Atik</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</p>
    <p><bold>Palavras-chave: </bold>Atresia pulmonar; duplo arco a&#243;rtico; CIV.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Dados Cl&#237;nicos</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Produto de parto ces&#225;rea por sofrimento fetal por poli-hidr&#226;mnio, pr&#233;-termo de 36 semanas; nasceu com 2.300 g de peso e 42 cm de estatura, com apgar 8 e 9. Sopro card&#237;aco foi auscultado no quarto dia de vida e o ecocardiograma revelou diagn&#243;stico de atresia pulmonar com comunica&#231;&#227;o interventricular, persist&#234;ncia de canal arterial e art&#233;rias pulmonares hipopl&#225;sicas. Com prostaglandina E1 se manteve sem cianose com satura&#231;&#227;o de oxig&#234;nio de 95%, FC = 154 bpm e PA = 77/25 mmHg. Na transfer&#234;ncia ao InCor, o quadro se manteve semelhante, mas com a suspens&#227;o da PGE1 a satura&#231;&#227;o diminuiu para 68%, obrigando a reintrodu&#231;&#227;o do agente endovenoso. </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Exame F&#237;sico</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Bom estado geral, eupneico, acian&#243;tico, pulsos normais nos quatro membros. A aorta n&#227;o era palpada na f&#250;rcula.</p>
    <p>No prec&#243;rdio n&#227;o havia deformidades ou impuls&#245;es e o <italic>ictus cordis</italic> n&#227;o era palpado. As bulhas card&#237;acas eram normofon&#233;ticas e auscultava-se sopro cont&#237;nuo, ++ de intensidade, suave na &#225;rea pulmonar com irradia&#231;&#227;o ao longo da borda esternal esquerda. O f&#237;gado n&#227;o era palpado e os pulm&#245;es eram limpos.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Exames complementares</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Eletrocardiograma</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Mostra ritmo sinusal e sinais de sobrecarga ventricular direita, com complexo qR (5 mm) em V1, RS de V2 a V5 e Rs em V6. AP: +40&#186;, AQRS: +110&#186;, AT: +20&#186;. </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Radiografia de t&#243;rax</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Mostra &#225;rea card&#237;aca normal, arco m&#233;dio escavado e trama vascular pulmonar discretamente mais acentuada &#224; direita (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="a15fig01">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
    <p content-type="asset">
      <fig id="a15fig01">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-99-03-e128-00015-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Radiografia de t&#243;rax</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Mostra cavidades card&#237;acas normais, com atresia pulmonar e comunica&#231;&#227;o interventricular, origem da aorta do ventr&#237;culo direito e art&#233;rias pulmonares pequenas, sendo a direita mais desenvolvida (3,5 mm). </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Angiotomografia de T&#243;rax</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Revela, al&#233;m dos elementos encontrados no ecocardiograma, a exist&#234;ncia de duplo arco a&#243;rtico com um deles &#224; direita, do qual emergia art&#233;ria subcl&#225;via e car&#243;tida direitas, e da&#237; continua com a aorta descendente &#224; direita. Do outro arco principal emergem as art&#233;rias car&#243;tida e subcl&#225;via esquerdas com interrup&#231;&#227;o a seguir e continuidade por grande canal arterial, que desemboca na art&#233;ria pulmonar esquerda com estenose nessa jun&#231;&#227;o. O tronco pulmonar &#233; calibroso e a art&#233;ria pulmonar direita &#233; maior que a esquerda (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="a15fig02">Figura 2</xref>).</p>
    <p content-type="asset">
      <fig id="a15fig02">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-99-03-e128-00015-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Diagn&#243;stico Cl&#237;nico</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Atresia Pulmonar e Comunica&#231;&#227;o Interventricular, Duplo Arco A&#243;rtico com Interrup&#231;&#227;o do Arco Principal e continuidade a grande Canal Arterial com estenose na jun&#231;&#227;o com a Art&#233;ria Pulmonar Esquerda, com hipoxemia. </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Racioc&#237;nio Cl&#237;nico</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Os elementos cl&#237;nicos s&#227;o compat&#237;veis com o diagn&#243;stico de cardiopatia cong&#234;nita cianog&#234;nica, com repercuss&#227;o hipox&#234;mica em face de satura&#231;&#227;o abaixo de 70% sem o uso da prostaglandina E1. A ausculta card&#237;aca orienta o diagn&#243;stico de atresia pulmonar com canal arterial como se sucede com algumas anomalias semelhantes do ponto de vista funcional. Citam-se neste contexto a atresia pulmonar com septo interventricular &#237;ntegro, a atresia tric&#250;spide Ia e IIa, e ainda toda anomalia que se acompanhe dessas duas anomalias principais, a atresia pulmonar e o canal arterial. No eletrocardiograma a sobrecarga de ventr&#237;culo direito orienta para a presen&#231;a de dois ventr&#237;culos bem formados, como na atresia pulmonar com comunica&#231;&#227;o interventricular, diagn&#243;stico firmado pelo ecocardiograma. A angiotomografia estabeleceu o diagn&#243;stico acurado da anomalia vascular do duplo arco a&#243;rtico e com as outras variantes descritas. </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Diagn&#243;stico Diferencial</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Outras cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas que se associam com sobrecarga de ventr&#237;culo direito e sopro cont&#237;nuo do canal arterial e com atresia pulmonar figuram a dupla via de entrada de ventr&#237;culo &#250;nico direito, a transposi&#231;&#227;o corrigida das grandes art&#233;rias, a dupla via de sa&#237;da de ventr&#237;culo direito, dentre outras mais complexas.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Conduta</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Considerou-se a necessidade de interven&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica em face da hipoxemia acentuada ap&#243;s a interrup&#231;&#227;o do uso da PGE1. Em face da presen&#231;a de tronco pulmonar de tamanho adequado, idealizou-se a abertura da via de sa&#237;da de ventr&#237;culo direito e amplia&#231;&#227;o das art&#233;rias pulmonares. De fato, atrav&#233;s de toracotomia mediana, concretizou-se a abertura da via de sa&#237;da do ventr&#237;culo direito e at&#233; fechamento da grande comunica&#231;&#227;o interventricular por persist&#234;ncia de press&#227;o alta na art&#233;ria pulmonar de 70/20 mmHg. No entanto, o paciente faleceu ap&#243;s tr&#234;s horas por hemorragia pulmonar, provavelmente por &#225;rvore arterial pulmonar inadequada.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Coment&#225;rios</bold>
    </p>
    <p>O diagn&#243;stico das anomalias card&#237;acas se estabelece com facilidade pelos elementos cl&#237;nicos consolidados pelo ecocardiograma. A altera&#231;&#227;o anat&#244;mica da aorta como o duplo arco a&#243;rtico com todas as particularidades da emerg&#234;ncia dos vasos arteriais dos dois arcos se estabelece por exames angiogr&#225;ficos, quer por cateterismo card&#237;aco, quer por angiotomografia e resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica. Da&#237; foi poss&#237;vel se designar toda a estrat&#233;gia para esse paciente, com essas anomalias peculiares. Retrospectivamente, anastomose sist&#234;mico-pulmonar poderia ter sido a melhor escolha.</p>
  </body>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Clinicalradiological Session</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Case 6/2012: newborn with pulmonary atresia, ventricular septal defect and double aortic arch</article-title>
      </title-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>CLINICORADIOLOGICAL SESSION</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Case 6/2012 - newborn with pulmonary atresia, ventricular septal defect and double aortic arch</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Edmar Atik</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</p>
      <p><bold>Keywords: </bold>Pulmonary atresia; double aortic arch; VSD.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Clinical Data</bold>
      </p>
      <p>36-week preterm infant born by C-section due to polyhydramnios; birth weight: 2,300 g and birth length: 42 cm, with Apgar scores of 8 and 9. Heart murmur was heard on the fourth day of life and an echocardiogram revealed the diagnosis of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and hypoplastic pulmonary arteries. Patient received prostaglandin E1 and remained acyanotic with 95% oxygen saturation, HR = 154 bpm and BP = 77/25 mmHg. When transferred to our service (InCor), the picture remained similar, but with PGE1 withdrawal, saturation decreased to 68%, which required the introduction of the intravenous agent. </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Physical Examination</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Good general status, eupneic, acyanotic, with normal pulses in all four limbs. The aorta was not palpable at the suprasternal notch. There were no deformities or impulsions at the precordium and the apical impulse was not palpated. Heart sounds were normal and there was a mild continuous murmur, + + intensity, in the pulmonary area radiating along the left sternal border. The liver was not palpable and the lungs were clear. </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Complementary Examinations</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Electrocardiogram</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Shows sinus rhythm and signs of right ventricular overload, with qR complex (5 mm) at V1, RS from V2 to V5 and Rs at V6. AP: +40&#186;, AQRS: +110&#186;, AT: +20&#186;. </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Chest X-ray</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Shows normal heart size, excavated middle arch and pulmonary vascular network slightly more highlighted on the right (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="en_a15fig01-body2">Figure 1</xref>). </p>
      <p content-type="asset">
        <fig id="en_a15fig01-body2">
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-99-03-e128-00015-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Echocardiogram</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Shows normal cardiac chambers, with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect, aorta originating from the right ventricle and small pulmonary arteries, with the right one being more developed (3.5 mm). </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Chest Angiotomography</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Shows, in addition to the elements found on the echocardiography, the existence of double aortic arch, with one of them to the right, from which emerged the left carotid and subclavian arteries, and then continuing with the descending aorta to the right. From the other main arc emerge the carotid and the left subclavian arteries, then interrupted and continuing with a large patent ductus arteriosus, which flows into the left pulmonary artery, showing stenosis at this juncture. The pulmonary trunk is of large caliber and the right pulmonary artery is larger than the left (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="en_a15fig02-body2">Figure 2</xref>). </p>
      <p content-type="asset">
        <fig id="en_a15fig02-body2">
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-99-03-e128-00015-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Clinical Diagnosis</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect, Double Aortic Arch with Interruption of the Main Arc continuing into large Ductus Arteriosus with stenosis at the junction with the Left Pulmonary Artery, with hypoxemia. </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Clinical Rationale</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Clinical findings are consistent with the diagnosis of cyanotic congenital heart disease, with hypoxemic effects, considering the saturation &lt; 70% without the use of prostaglandin E1. Cardiac auscultation leads to the diagnosis of pulmonary atresia with patent ductus arteriosus, as observed in some of the anomalies that are similar from the functional point of view. In this context, pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum, tricuspid atresia Ia and IIa, and also all anomalies that accompany these two main defects, pulmonary atresia and patent ductus arteriosus, must be mentioned.</p>
      <p>On the electrocardiogram, the right ventricular overload indicates the presence of two well-formed ventricles, as in pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect; the diagnosis was confirmed by echocardiography. The angiotomography established the accurate diagnosis of vascular anomaly of double aortic arch and the other variants described. </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Differential Diagnosis</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Other congenital heart defects that are associated with right ventricular overload and continuous murmur of the ductus arteriosus and pulmonary atresia include the double inlet single right ventricle, corrected transposition of great arteries, double outlet right ventricle, among other more complexes anomalies.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Conduct</bold>
      </p>
      <p>We considered the need for surgical intervention, given the severe hypoxemia after PGE1 withdrawal. Considering the presence of a pulmonary trunk with adequate size, it was decided to open the right ventricle outlet and enlarge the pulmonary arteries. In fact, through a median thoracotomy, we performed the opening of the right ventricle outlet and even the closure of the large ventricular septal defect by the persistence of high pulmonary artery pressure of 70/20 mmHg. However, the patient died after three hours due to pulmonary hemorrhage, probably caused by an inadequate pulmonary arterial tree. </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Comments</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The diagnosis of cardiac anomalies is easily established by clinical elements confirmed by echocardiography. Anatomical alterations such as double aortic arch with all the characteristics of arterial vessel emergence from the two arcs are established by angiographic examinations or by cardiac catheterization or by angiotomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Thus, it was possible to plan the entire strategy for this patient, with these peculiar anomalies. In retrospect, a systemic-pulmonary anastomosis might have been the best choice. </p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
