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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">GzNqfNdHHCV9KvxMBGf3FZz</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2012001100012</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(12)09900212</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2012001100012</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta ao Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>C&#225;lculo do &#205;ndice Tornozelo-Braquial</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kabul</surname>
            <given-names>Hasan Kutsi</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Aydogdu</surname>
            <given-names>Aydogan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tasci</surname>
            <given-names>Ilker</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Ankara</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state"/>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Gulhane Military Medical Academy</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Department of Cardiology Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics </institution>
        <country country="TR">Turkey</country>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2012</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>99</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>772</fpage>
      <lpage>773</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>04</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2012</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>CARTA AO EDITOR</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>C&#225;lculo do &#205;ndice Tornozelo-Braquial</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Hasan Kutsi Kabul; Aydogan Aydogdu; Ilker Tasci</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Gulhane School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Ankara, Turkey</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end">Correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p><bold>Palavras-chave:</bold> Hipertrofia ventricular; &#237;ndice tornozelo-braquial; hipertens&#227;o.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Prezado Editor,</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Gostar&#237;amos de chamar a aten&#231;&#227;o dos leitores para uma comunica&#231;&#227;o breve publicada na edi&#231;&#227;o de janeiro de 2012, que traz como conclus&#227;o uma preval&#234;ncia aumentada de hipertrofia ventricular esquerda em indiv&#237;duos com &#205;ndice Tornozelo-Braquial (ITB) alterado. O estudo de Albuquerque e cols.<sup>1 </sup>comparou indiv&#237;duos portadores de hipertens&#227;o arterial com ou sem ITB alterado.</p>
    <p>Uma vez que se encontrou uma alta preval&#234;ncia (10,5%) de ITB baixo em um grande estudo realizado no Brasil<sup>2</sup>, tornam-se de suma import&#226;ncia a identifica&#231;&#227;o e a caracteriza&#231;&#227;o dos indiv&#237;duos com ITB alto ou baixo. Entretanto, a utiliza&#231;&#227;o do ITB em pesquisas e na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica requer a estrita observ&#226;ncia das diretrizes. Nesse contexto, a t&#233;cnica de c&#225;lculo do ITB recomendada pelas diretrizes n&#227;o foi utilizada no estudo de Albuquerque e cols.<sup>1</sup> Os autores usaram a m&#233;dia de duas leituras tomadas em um tornozelo para o c&#225;lculo do ITB para o respectivo membro. No entanto, o ITB direito ou esquerdo deve ser determinado utilizando-se o maior pulso dos p&#233;s, quer seja da art&#233;ria pediosa ou da tibial posterior em cada tornozelo (e n&#227;o a m&#233;dia), como numerador na f&#243;rmula. Ent&#227;o, o menor dos ITB direito e esquerdo calculados deve ser registrado como ITB final do paciente. Quando se utiliza o valor m&#233;dio, o valor do numerador diminui, o que resulta na detec&#231;&#227;o de um maior n&#250;mero de indiv&#237;duos com ITB baixo. Essa &#233;, na realidade, a t&#233;cnica recomendada tanto pelas diretrizes pr&#225;ticas do ACC/AHA de 2005 para o tratamento de pacientes com doen&#231;a arterial perif&#233;rica (DAP)<sup>3</sup> quanto pela diretriz do Consenso Inter-Sociedades para o Tratamento de DAP (TASC II)<sup>4</sup>. Ademais, essa quest&#227;o &#233; uma das raz&#245;es pelas quais a avalia&#231;&#227;o do ITB atrav&#233;s de aparelhos oscilom&#233;tricos autom&#225;ticos n&#227;o consegue reproduzir completamente a t&#233;cnica cl&#225;ssica por Doppler<sup>5</sup>.</p>
    <p>Para al&#233;m dos achados deste estudo, a aplica&#231;&#227;o do c&#225;lculo correto do ITB torna-se ainda mais importante se considerarmos que, ao utilizar esse valor, o cl&#237;nico diagnostica DAP, o que altera significativamente o tratamento e o progn&#243;stico do paciente.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Carta-resposta</bold>
    </p>
    <p>O conhecimento do &#205;ndice Tornozelo-Braquial (ITB) aperfei&#231;oa o processo de detec&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a arterial perif&#233;rica (PAD) com sensibilidade de 90% a 97%, e especificidade de 98% a100%<sup>1</sup>. Em nosso estudo, o ITB foi calculado para cada membro inferior: ITB direito e ITB esquerdo. Os valores foram obtidos da seguinte forma: ITB direito = maior press&#227;o sist&#243;lica do tornozelo direito/maior press&#227;o sist&#243;lica braquial direita ou esquerda e ITB esquerdo = maior press&#227;o do tornozelo esquerdo/maior press&#227;o sist&#243;lica braquial direita ou esquerda.</p>
    <p>A metodologia que empregamos para obter as press&#245;es sist&#243;licas do tornozelo (direito e esquerdo) e das art&#233;rias braquiais para o c&#225;lculo foi a seguinte: utilizamos a t&#233;cnica auscultat&#243;ria mediada por um Doppler ultrassom vascular 4283 com transdutor de 5 a 10MHZ. </p>
    <p>A fim de aumentar a reprodutibilidade do m&#233;todo, a press&#227;o considerada em cada pulso (pedioso ou tibial posterior) foi resultante da m&#233;dia de duas press&#245;es medidas nesse pulso<sup>2,3</sup>. Dessa forma o numerador do c&#225;lculo para o ITB foi a maior m&#233;dia das press&#245;es tomadas em cada art&#233;ria (pediosa e tibial posterior).</p>
    <p>Atenciosamente,</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Pedro Ferreira Albuquerque</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Refer&#234;ncias</bold>
    </p>
    <p content-type="ref-to-delete">1. Albuquerque PF, Albuquerque PH, Albuquerque GO, Servantes DM, Carvalho SM, Oliveira Filho JA. Ankle-brachial index and ventricular hypertrophy in arterial hypertension. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2012;98(1):84-6.  </p>
    <p content-type="ref-to-delete">2. Makdisse M, Pereira Ada C, Brasil Dde P, Borges JL, Machado-Coelho GL, Krieger JE, et al. Prevalence and risk factors associated with peripheral arterial disease in the Hearts of Brazil Project. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2008;91(6):370-82.  </p>
    <p content-type="ref-to-delete">3. Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR, Bakal CW, Creager MA, Halperin JL, et al. ACC/AHA 2005 Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic). Circulation 2006;113(11):e463-654. </p>
    <p>4. Norgren L, Hiatt WR, Dormandy JA, Nehler MR, Harris KA, Fowkes FG, et al. Inter-Society Consensus for the Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease (TASC II). Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2007;33(Suppl.1):S1-75. </p>
    <p content-type="ref-to-delete">5. Kawamura T. Assessing Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) by using automated oscillometric devices. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2008; 90(5):294-8. </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Refer&#234;ncias (Resposta)</bold>
    </p>
    <p content-type="ref-to-delete">1. Levy PJ. Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Peripheral Disease. Clin Cornerstone 2002;4(5):1-15. </p>
    <p content-type="ref-to-delete">2. Makdisse M. Ankle Brachial &#205;ndex. S&#227;o Paulo:Segmento Farma;2004. </p>
    <p content-type="ref-to-delete">3. Hiatt WR, Hoag S, Hamman RF. Effect of Diagnostic criteria on the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease. The San Luis Valley Diabetes Study. Circulation 1995;91(5):1472-9. </p>
    <p>
      <fn id="end" fn-type="corresp">
        <label>
          <bold>Correspond&#234;ncia:</bold>
        </label>
        <p> Ilker Tasci </p>
        <p> GATA Ic Hastaliklari Bilim Dali Etlik, Etlik </p>
        <p> 06018, Ankara, Turkey </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p><email xlink:href="ilkertasci@yahoo.com">ilkertasci@yahoo.com</email>, </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="itasci@gata.edu.tr">itasci@gata.edu.tr</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p>Artigo recebido em 16/02/12; revisado em 16/02/12; aceito em 10/07/12.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Letter to the Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Calculation of the Ankle Brachial Index</article-title>
      </title-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>LETTER TO THE EDITOR</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Calculation of the Ankle Brachial Index</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Hasan Kutsi Kabul; Aydogan Aydogdu, Ilker Tasci</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Gulhane School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Ankara, Turkey</p>
      <p>
        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end-body2">Mailing address</xref>
      </p>
      <p><bold>Keywords:</bold> Hypertrophy, left ventricular; ankle brachial index; hypertension.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Dear Editor,</bold>
      </p>
      <p>We would like to call the readers' attention to a brief communication published in the issue of January 2012, which concluded increased prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy in subjects with an abnormal ankle brachial index (ABI). In their study, Albuquerque et al.<sup>1</sup> compared subjects with arterial hypertension with and without an abnormal ABI.</p>
      <p>Since the prevalence of a low ABI was found to be 10.5 in a large survey conducted in Brazil<sup>2</sup>, identification and characterization of the subjects with a low or high ABI are of utmost importance. However, use of ABI in research and in clinical practice requires full adherence to guidelines. In this context, the ABI calculation technique recommended by the guideline is not in accordance with the one used in the study by Albuquerque et al.<sup>1</sup>. The authors used the mean of the two readings taken in an ankle to calculate the ABI for the respective limb. However, right or left ABI should be determined by taking the highest of the pedal pulses, either dorsalis pedis artery or posterior tibial artery, in each ankle (not the mean) as the numerator in the formula. Thus, the lowest of the calculated right and left ABIs should be recorded as the final ABI of the patient. When the mean value is used, the value of the numerator decreases, which results in the detection of a higher number of subjects with a low ABI. This is actually the technique recommended by both ACC/AHA 2005 practice guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD)<sup>3</sup> and the Inter-Society Consensus for the Management of PAD guideline (TASC II)<sup>4</sup>. Moreover, this issue is one of the reasons why assessment of ABI by automated oscillometric devices cannot fully replicate the classical Doppler technique<sup>5</sup>.</p>
      <p>Beyond the findings in this study, application of the correct ABI calculation becomes more important when we consider that, by using this value, the clinicians diagnose PAD, which substantially changes the patient management and prognosis.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Response Letter</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Knowledge of the ankle-brachial index (ABI) streamlines the process of detection of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) with a sensitivity of 90 to 97% and specificity of 98% to 100%<sup>1</sup>. In our study, the ABI was calculated for each lower limb: right and left ABI. The values were obtained as follows: right ABI = highest systolic pressure in right ankle / highest systolic pressure in right or left brachial artery, and left ABI = highest pressure in left ankle / highest systolic pressure in right or left brachial artery.</p>
      <p>The methodology we employed to obtain the systolic pressures in the ankle (right and left) and brachial arteries to calculate the ABI was the following: we used the auscultatory technique mediated by a Doppler ultrasound transducer 4283 Vascular 5-10 MHZ. </p>
      <p>To increase the reproducibility of the method, the pressure considered for each pulse (dorsalis pedis or posterior tibial) resulted from the mean of two pressure measurements taken in that pulse<sup>2,3</sup>. Thus, the numerator used for the calculation of ABI was the highest mean of the pressure measurements taken in each artery (dorsalis pedis or posterior tibial).</p>
      <p>Sincerely,</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Pedro Ferreira Albuquerque</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
      <p content-type="ref-to-delete">1. Albuquerque PF, Albuquerque PH, Albuquerque GO, Servantes DM, Carvalho SM, Oliveira Filho JA. Ankle-brachial index and ventricular hypertrophy in arterial hypertension. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2012;98(1):84-6.  </p>
      <p content-type="ref-to-delete">2. Makdisse M, Pereira Ada C, Brasil Dde P, Borges JL, Machado-Coelho GL, Krieger JE, et al. Prevalence and risk factors associated with peripheral arterial disease in the Hearts of Brazil Project. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2008;91(6):370-82.  </p>
      <p content-type="ref-to-delete">3. Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR, Bakal CW, Creager MA, Halperin JL, et al. ACC/AHA 2005 Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic). Circulation 2006;113(11):e463-654. </p>
      <p>4. Norgren L, Hiatt WR, Dormandy JA, Nehler MR, Harris KA, Fowkes FG, et al. Inter-Society Consensus for the Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease (TASC II). Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2007;33(Suppl.1):S1-75. </p>
      <p content-type="ref-to-delete">5. Kawamura T. Assessing Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) by using automated oscillometric devices. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2008; 90(5):294-8. </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Refer&#234;ncias (Resposta)</bold>
      </p>
      <p content-type="ref-to-delete">1. Levy PJ. Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Peripheral Disease. Clin Cornerstone 2002;4(5):1-15. </p>
      <p content-type="ref-to-delete">2. Makdisse M. Ankle Brachial &#205;ndex. S&#227;o Paulo:Segmento Farma;2004. </p>
      <p>3. Hiatt WR, Hoag S, Hamman RF. Effect of Diagnostic criteria on the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease. The San Luis Valley Diabetes Study. Circulation 1995;91(5):1472-9.      </p>
      <p>
        <fn id="end-body2" fn-type="corresp">
          <label>
            <bold>Mailing Address:</bold>
          </label>
          <p> Ilker Tasci </p>
          <p> GATA Ic Hastaliklari Bilim Dali Etlik, Etlik</p>
          <p> 06018, Ankara, Turkey</p>
          <p> E-mail: </p>
          <p><email xlink:href="ilkertasci@yahoo.com">ilkertasci@yahoo.com</email>, </p>
          <p>
            <email xlink:href="itasci@gata.edu.tr">itasci@gata.edu.tr</email>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </p>
      <p>Manuscript received February 16, 2012; manuscript revised February 16, 2012; accepted July 10, 2012.</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
