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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">H5dMTYGcpygtNxMvZYtQ5CB</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2012001000017</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(12)09900100017</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2012001000017</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Oclus&#227;o de comunica&#231;&#227;o interventricular p&#243;s-infarto com pr&#243;tese percut&#226;nea CERA</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Henrique Barbosa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Baracioli</surname>
            <given-names>Luciano Moreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kajita</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Junya</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pinheiro</surname>
            <given-names>Martina Battistini</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Expedito E.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Nicolau</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Carlos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="state">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina </institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2012</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>99</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>e112</fpage>
      <lpage>e113</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>06</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2011</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2011</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>17</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2011</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt" kwd-group-type="author-generated">
        <kwd>Infarto do mioc&#225;rdio</kwd>
        <kwd>comunica&#231;&#227;o interventricular</kwd>
        <kwd>comunica&#231;&#227;o interventricular</kwd>
        <kwd>dispositivo para oclus&#227;o septal</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>04</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2012</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>RELATO DE CASO</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Oclus&#227;o de comunica&#231;&#227;o interventricular p&#243;s-infarto com pr&#243;tese percut&#226;nea CERA</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Henrique Barbosa Ribeiro; Luciano Moreira Baracioli; Luiz Junya Kajita; Martina Battistini Pinheiro; Expedito E. Ribeiro; Jos&#233; Carlos Nicolau</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (InCor) do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo - Brasil</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="back">Correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p><bold>Palavras-chave:</bold> Infarto do mioc&#225;rdio; comunica&#231;&#227;o interventricular / mortalidade; comunica&#231;&#227;o interventricular / cirurgia; dispositivo para oclus&#227;o septal.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>A Comunica&#231;&#227;o Interventricular (CIV) que ocorre ap&#243;s o Infarto Agudo do Mioc&#225;rdio (IAM) &#233; um evento raro, com incid&#234;ncia relatada na literatura de 0,2% a 0,34% dos casos<sup>1</sup>. O tratamento de escolha &#233; a corre&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica, e, caso n&#227;o seja realizada precocemente, com o devido suporte (em especial do implante do bal&#227;o intra-a&#243;rtico nos casos de choque cardiog&#234;nico<sup>2,3</sup>), a doen&#231;a apresenta mortalidade acima de 90%<sup>1,3,4</sup>.</p>
    <p>Por sua vez, o tratamento cir&#250;rgico adequado da CIV ainda resulta em altas taxas de mortalidade, que variam nas s&#233;ries atuais de 20% a 87%<sup>4</sup>.</p>
    <p>Mais recentemente, tem sido proposto como m&#233;todo alternativo, menos invasivo que a cirurgia, o fechamento da CIV ap&#243;s o IAM com t&#233;cnica percut&#226;nea por dispositivos de oclus&#227;o<sup>3,5</sup>. Na maioria dos relatos e s&#233;ries de casos na literatura avaliando sua utiliza&#231;&#227;o no contexto do IAM utilizou-se a pr&#243;tese de Amplatzer<sup>&#174;</sup> (AGA Medical Corporation, Plymouth, MN, USA)<sup>3,5</sup>. Atualmente, outras pr&#243;teses s&#227;o dispon&#237;veis, como a pr&#243;tese CERA, feita de nitinol com recobrimento de camadas de cer&#226;mica e malha de ePTFE. Nesse sentido, relatamos o primeiro caso de fechamento percut&#226;neo de CIV p&#243;s-IAM realizado em nosso pa&#237;s com a utiliza&#231;&#227;o dessa pr&#243;tese.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Relato do Caso</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Paciente masculino, 55 anos, branco, previamente hipertenso, dislipid&#234;mico e tabagista (40 anos/ma&#231;o). Iniciou quadro de dor tor&#225;cica ao repouso e pequenos esfor&#231;os, de in&#237;cio recente (cinco semanas), associado a dispneia. Radiografia de t&#243;rax demonstrou aumento da &#225;rea card&#237;aca, sendo encaminhado para estudo ecocardiogr&#225;fico, que evidenciou fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o (FEVE) = 65%, apesar de acinesia da parede &#226;ntero-septal. Foi otimizado o tratamento cl&#237;nico e solicitada cintilografia de perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica com estresse farmacol&#243;gico, que demonstrou hipocapta&#231;&#227;o persistente em parede inferior (por&#231;&#227;o apical) e em parede &#226;ntero-septal, com discreto componente de transitoriedade, al&#233;m de FEVE de 40%.</p>
    <p>Diante desses exames, foi realizada cineangiocoronariografia, que demonstrou a art&#233;ria Descendente Anterior (DA) oclu&#237;da no ter&#231;o m&#233;dio, recebendo circula&#231;&#227;o colateral grau I da art&#233;ria Coron&#225;ria Direita (CD); art&#233;ria circunflexa com obstru&#231;&#227;o de 70% em seu ter&#231;o distal; CD sem les&#245;es obstrutivas. Na ventriculografia esquerda, al&#233;m de hipocontratilidade moderada anterior e acinesia &#226;ntero-septal, foi visualizada CIV muscular pr&#243;xima ao &#225;pice ventricular (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1</xref>). Nesse mesmo dia, novo ecocardiograma confirmou a CIV muscular com cerca de 5 mm e shunt E/D.</p>
    <p content-type="asset">
      <fig id="f01">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-99-01-e112-00017-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>Paciente foi ent&#227;o encaminhado para nosso servi&#231;o, duas semanas ap&#243;s o diagn&#243;stico da CIV, mantendo algum grau de dispneia (NYHA CF II). Promovemos uma discuss&#227;o (cl&#237;nico, hemodinamicista e cirurgi&#227;o card&#237;aco) e, diante da n&#227;o indica&#231;&#227;o de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica (leito distal de DA muito fino) e anatomia da CIV favor&#225;vel para fechamento percut&#226;neo (CIV muscular, pr&#243;xima ao &#225;pice card&#237;aco, com cerca 5 mm de di&#226;metro e bordas &gt; 5 mm), optamos pela corre&#231;&#227;o da CIV com a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de pr&#243;tese percut&#226;nea.</p>
    <p>O procedimento de fechamento da CIV foi realizado com sucesso, atrav&#233;s de implante de pr&#243;tese CERA tipo muscular n&#186; 10 guiado por ecocardiograma transtor&#225;cico e angiografia. Esse dispositivo para CIV muscular &#233; feito de malha de fios ultrafinos de nitinol com retalhos de poli&#233;ster na por&#231;&#227;o interna (ePTFE)<sup>6</sup>, composta de dois discos conectados por cintura central de comprimento de 7 mm (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 2</xref>). Al&#233;m disso, hastes da pr&#243;tese, parafuso e ponta s&#227;o revestidos por nanoestruturas de cer&#226;mica, que evitam o contato direto do nitinol (que cont&#233;m n&#237;quel) com o sangue. Essa pr&#243;tese &#233; autoexpans&#237;vel e autocentr&#225;vel, sendo implantada por sistema de baixo perfil que permite resgat&#225;-la e reposicion&#225;-la em qualquer momento at&#233; sua libera&#231;&#227;o final do cabo liberador (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 2</xref>). Todos esses dispositivos possuem registro na Ag&#234;ncia Nacional de Vigil&#226;ncia Sanit&#225;ria (Anvisa).</p>
    <fig id="f02">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-99-01-e112-00017-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>N&#227;o houve intercorr&#234;ncias durante o procedimento, e a ventriculografia de controle n&#227;o evidenciou <italic>shunt</italic> residual (Figura 1). O paciente evoluiu assintom&#225;tico ap&#243;s o procedimento, recebendo alta hospitalar em 48 horas. No seguimento de nove meses, o paciente encontra-se assintom&#225;tico, com melhora importante de classe funcional (NYHA CF I), e o ecocardiograma de controle demonstrou FEVE normal sem evid&#234;ncia de <italic>shunt</italic> residual.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Discuss&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Relatamos o caso de CIV p&#243;s-IAM fechada por via percut&#226;nea com pr&#243;tese CERA, tendo o paciente apresentado boa evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica imediata e no seguimento de nove meses. A CIV que ocorre ap&#243;s o IAM &#233; um evento com alta morbimortalidade, especialmente nos pacientes que evoluem com choque cardiog&#234;nico e naqueles n&#227;o submetidos ao fechamento cir&#250;rgico do defeito<sup>1,3,4</sup>. Entretanto, esse tipo de tratamento ainda apresenta &#237;ndices de sucesso aqu&#233;m do ideal, especialmente quando realizado em pacientes com alto risco operat&#243;rio e/ou anatomia desfavor&#225;vel<sup>4</sup>.</p>
    <p>Apesar de o tratamento cir&#250;rgico ainda ser considerado o tratamento de escolha para corre&#231;&#227;o da CIV p&#243;s-IAM<sup>2</sup>, temos o fato de que os ramos septais s&#227;o expostos ao estresse de cisalhamento e remo&#231;&#227;o de tecidos necr&#243;ticos, precocemente ap&#243;s a ocorr&#234;ncia da CIV, o que pode resultar em subsequente expans&#227;o abrupta do defeito, com consequente <italic>shunt</italic> residual. Obviamente, os resultados cir&#250;rgicos s&#227;o melhores quando se espera a cicatriza&#231;&#227;o do IAM (quatro a seis semanas)<sup>3,5,7</sup>, mas essas constata&#231;&#245;es apenas caracterizam um vi&#233;s de sele&#231;&#227;o (casos mais graves falecem mais precocemente), sendo recomenda&#231;&#227;o oficial de todas as diretrizes atuais sobre o assunto a corre&#231;&#227;o do defeito o mais rapidamente poss&#237;vel ap&#243;s o diagn&#243;stico<sup>2</sup>.</p>
    <p>Desde a introdu&#231;&#227;o do fechamento percut&#226;neo da CIV<sup>7</sup>, diversas s&#233;ries t&#234;m sido relatadas, sendo inicialmente utilizada apenas para pacientes com CIV em fase subaguda ou cr&#244;nica, ou para pacientes com <italic>shunt</italic> residual p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio<sup>5</sup>. Posteriormente, Thiele e cols.<sup>3</sup> publicaram a primeira experi&#234;ncia com o procedimento realizado em pacientes agudos e em choque cardiog&#234;nico, com taxa de sobrevida aos 30 dias de 35%, chegando a 12% naqueles em choque cardiog&#234;nico (p &lt; 0,001). Al&#233;m disso, 41% dos pacientes apresentavam <italic>shunt</italic> residual, ruptura ventricular esquerda ou emboliza&#231;&#227;o do dispositivo no seguimento.</p>
    <p>A maioria dos relatos e s&#233;ries de casos na literatura avaliando o fechamento percut&#226;neo da CIV no contexto do IAM utilizou a pr&#243;tese de Amplatzer<sup>&#174;</sup> (AGA Medical Corporation, Plymouth, MN, USA)<sup>3,5</sup>. Contudo, atualmente diversas outras pr&#243;teses t&#234;m sido testadas como alternativas s pr&#243;teses de Amplatzer<sup>&#174;</sup> para o fechamento de defeitos septais, entre elas a CERA, cujas caracter&#237;sticas j&#225; foram descritas previamente. Importante refor&#231;ar que tais caracter&#237;sticas evitam o contato direto do nitinol com o sangue, promovem o crescimento tecidual e reduzem o risco de forma&#231;&#227;o de trombos<sup>6</sup>.</p>
    <p>No presente caso, o defeito era pequeno (5 mm) e localizado na regi&#227;o muscular, havendo descri&#231;&#227;o de fechamento espont&#226;neo de CIV p&#243;s-IAM com tais caracter&#237;sticas<sup>8</sup>. Entretanto, nosso paciente j&#225; estava com cerca de cinco a seis semanas de evolu&#231;&#227;o do IAM e apresentava uma evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica desfavor&#225;vel, com piora progressiva dos sintomas; a op&#231;&#227;o pela corre&#231;&#227;o do defeito resultou em total remiss&#227;o dos sintomas.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Conclus&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Conclui-se que, apesar do tratamento cir&#250;rgico continuar sendo o tratamento de escolha em pacientes com CIV p&#243;s-IAM, o procedimento percut&#226;neo pode ser uma op&#231;&#227;o, especialmente em pacientes com muito alto risco operat&#243;rio e/ou anatomia desfavor&#225;vel para cirurgia.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesses</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
    </p>
    <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
    </p>
    <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>
      <fn id="back" fn-type="corresp">
        <p>Correspond&#234;ncia:</p>
        <p> Henrique Barbosa Ribeiro </p>
        <p> Rua C&#244;nego Eugenio Leite, 866 / 43, Cerqueira C&#233;sar </p>
        <p> CEP 05414-001, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p><email xlink:href="hbribeiro@cardiol.br">hbribeiro@cardiol.br</email>, </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="henrique37@terra.com.br">henrique37@terra.com.br</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p>Artigo recebido em 06/07/11 </p>
    <p> Revisado em 17/08/11 </p>
    <p> Aceito em 22/08/11</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Report</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Occlusion of post-myocardial infarction ventricular defect with prosthesis CERA</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Myocardial infarction</kwd>
        <kwd>heart septal defects, ventricular</kwd>
        <kwd>heart septal defects, ventricular</kwd>
        <kwd>septal occluder device</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>CASE REPORT</bold>
      </p>
      <p><undefined id="top-body2"/>Occlusion of ventricular defect post-myocardial infarction with prothesis CERA</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Henrique Barbosa Ribeiro; Luciano Moreira Baracioli; Luiz Junya Kajita; Martina Battistini Pinheiro; Expedito E. Ribeiro; Jos&#233; Carlos Nicolau</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (InCor) do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo - Brazil</p>
      <p>Mailing Address</p>
      <p><bold>Keywords:</bold> Myocardial infarction; heart septal defects, ventricular / mortality; heart septal defects, ventricular / surgery; septal occluder device.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Introduction</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Ventricular septal defect (VSD) that occurs after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a rare event, with an incidence reported in the literature from 0.2% to 0.34% of the cases<sup>1</sup>. The treatment of choice is surgical correction, and if not performed earlier, with due support (especially the implantation of intra-aortic balloon in cases of cardiogenic shock<sup>2,3</sup>), the disease has a mortality rate above 90%<sup>1,3,4</sup>.</p>
      <p>In turn, the appropriate surgical treatment of VSD still results in high mortality rates, which vary in current series 20% to 87%<sup>4</sup>.</p>
      <p>More recently it has been proposed as an alternative method, less invasive than surgery, closure of VSD after AMI with percutaneous technique by occlusion devices<sup>3,5</sup>. In most reports and case series in the literature evaluating its use in the context of AMI, we used the Amplatzer<sup>&#174;</sup> septal occluder (AGA Medical Corporation, Plymouth, MN, USA)<sup>3,5</sup>. Currently, other prostheses are available, such as prostheses CERA made of nitinol with ceramic coating layers and ePTFE mesh. In this sense, we report the first case of percutaneous closure of VSD after AMI conducted in our country with the use of this prosthesis.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Case Report</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Male patient, 55 years, white, with previous hypertension, dyslipidemia, and smoker (40 years. pack). He developed chest pain at rest and exertion, of recent onset (five weeks), associated with dyspnea. Chest radiography showed an enlarged cardiac silhouette, and it was sent for echocardiography, which showed an ejection fraction (LVEF) = 65%, although akinesia of the anteroseptal wall. The clinical treatment was optimized and it was requested myocardial perfusion scintilography with pharmacological stress, which showed persistent uptake in the inferior wall (apical portion) and the anteroseptal wall with mild transient component, and LVEF of 40%.</p>
      <p>Consequently, coronary angiography was performed, which demonstrated the Left Anterior Descending artery (LAD) occluded in the medium third, receiving collateral circulation grade I of the Right Coronary Artery (RCA), circumflex artery with obstruction of 70% in its distal third; RCA without obstructive injuries. On the left ventriculography, in addition to moderate anterior hypocontractility and anteroseptal akinesia, it was observed muscular VSD near the ventricular apex (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="en_17f01-body2">Figure 1</xref>). That same day, a new echocardiogram confirmed the muscular VSD with about 5 mm and L/R shunt.</p>
      <p content-type="asset">
        <fig id="en_17f01-body2">
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-99-01-e112-00017-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>The patient was then referred to our hospital, two weeks after diagnosis of VSD, maintaining some degree of dyspnea (NYHA class II). We promoted a discussion (clinician, interventionalist and cardiac surgeon) and due to the not indication for CABG (very narrow distal bed of LAD) and anatomy of VSD favorable for percutaneous closure (muscular VSD near the cardiac apex, about 5 mm edges diameter and&gt; 5 mm), we opted for the correction of the VSD with the use of percutaneous prosthesis.</p>
      <p>The procedure for closure of the VSD was successful, through the implantation of prosthesis CERA muscular type No. 10 driven by transthoracic echocardiography and angiography. This device for muscular VSD is made of a mesh of ultra-fine wires of nitinol with polyester patches in the inner portion (ePTFE)<sup>6</sup>, composed of two discs connected by a central waist length of 7 mm (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02-body2">Figure 2</xref>). In addition, the prosthesis mesh, screw and hub are coated with nanostructures of ceramic, which prevent direct contact of nitinol (nickel-containing) in the blood. This prosthesis is self-expansible and self-centered, being implanted by low-profile system that allows rescuing it and reposition it at any time before its final release from the delivery cable (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02-body2">Figure 2</xref>). All these devices are registered on the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA).</p>
      <fig id="f02-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-99-01-e112-00017-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>There were no complications during the procedure, and control ventriculography showed no residual shunt (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="en_17f01-body2">Figure 1</xref>). The patient remained asymptomatic after the procedure and was discharged within 48 hours. In the follow-up of nine months, the patient was asymptomatic, with significant improvement in functional class (NYHA class I), and control echocardiogram showed normal LVEF without evidence of residual shunt.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Discussion</bold>
      </p>
      <p>In our case of post-AMI VSD closed percutaneously with prosthesis CERA, the patient had shown good immediate clinical improvement and in the follow-up of nine months. The VSD occurring after AMI is an event with high morbidity and mortality, especially in patients who develop cardiogenic shock and those not subject to surgical closure of the deffect<sup>1,3,4</sup>. However, this type of treatment still presents success rates of less than ideal, especially when performed in patients with high operative risk and / or unfavorable anatomy<sup>4</sup>.</p>
      <p>Although surgical treatment is still considered the treatment of choice for correction of post-AMI VSD<sup>2</sup>, we have the fact that the septal branches are exposed to shear stress and the removal of necrotic tissue, soon after the occurrence of VSD, which may result in subsequent abrupt expansion of the defect, with subsequent residual shunt. Obviously, the surgical results are better when you expect the healing of myocardial infarction (four to six weeks)<sup>3,5,7</sup>, but these findings only feature a selection bias (more severe cases die earlier), and the official recommendation of all current guidelines on the subject is the correction of the defect as soon as possible after diagnosis<sup>2</sup>.</p>
      <p>Since the introduction of percutaneous closure of VSD<sup>7</sup>, several series have been reported, being initially used only for patients with VSD in sub-acute or chronic stage, or for patients with residual shunt after operation<sup>5</sup>. Later, Thiele et al<sup>3</sup> published the first experience with the procedure performed in acute patients including cardiogenic shock, the survival rate at 30 days was 35%, reaching 12% in those with cardiogenic shock (p &lt;0.001). In addition, 41% of patients had residual shunt, left ventricular rupture or embolization of the device in follow-up.</p>
      <p>Most case and series reports in the literature evaluating the percutaneous closure of VSD in the context of AMI used the Amplatzer<sup>&#174;</sup> septal occluder (AGA Medical Corporation, Plymouth, MN, USA)<sup>3,5</sup>. However, today many other prostheses have been tested as alternatives to Amplatzer<sup>&#174;</sup> prostheses for septal defect closure, including the prosthesis CERA, whose characteristics were already described. Important to emphasize that these characteristics prevent direct contact of nitinol with the blood, promote tissue growth and reduce the risk of formation of thrombus<sup>6</sup>.</p>
      <p>In this case, the defect was small (5 mm) and located in the muscle, with description of spontaneous closure of VSD after AMI with such characteristics<sup>8</sup>. However, our patient presented about five to six weeks of development of AMI and had an unfavorable clinical evolution, with progressive worsening of symptoms, the option for the correction of the defect resulted in complete remission of symptoms.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Conclusion</bold>
      </p>
      <p>It is concluded that, despite surgical treatment remains the treatment of choice in patients with VSD after AMI, the percutaneous procedure may be an option, especially in patients with high operative risk and / or unfavorable anatomy for surgery.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
      </p>
      <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
      </p>
      <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Study Association</bold>
      </p>
      <p>This study is not associated with any post-graduation program.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
