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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">WvGgTkL3wjyzXp4fSqdzY4s</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2012001000015</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(12)09900100015</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2012001000015</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Correla&#231;&#227;o Cl&#237;nico-Radiogr&#225;fica</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Caso 5/2012: crian&#231;a de 6 anos com origem an&#244;mala da art&#233;ria coronariana esquerda e insufici&#234;ncia mitral</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Atik</surname>
            <given-names>Edmar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina </institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2012</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>99</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>e105</fpage>
      <lpage>e107</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>04</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2012</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>CORRELA&#199;&#195;O CL&#205;NICO-RADIOGR&#193;FICA</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Caso 5/2012 - Crian&#231;a de 6 anos com origem an&#244;mala da art&#233;ria coronariana esquerda e insufici&#234;ncia mitral</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Edmar Atik</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="back">Correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p><bold>Palavras-chave:</bold> Cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas; insufici&#234;ncia da valva mitral; anomalias dos vasos coron&#225;rios; toracotomia.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Dados cl&#237;nicos</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Cansa&#231;o, notado a partir de tr&#234;s dias de vida, persistiu no decurso do primeiro ano, em uso de digoxina e captopril. A partir da&#237;, manteve-se assintom&#225;tica e em atividade f&#237;sica plena, em uso de enalapril (5 mg/dia).</p>
    <p>Exame f&#237;sico: bom estado geral, eupneica, acian&#243;tica, pulsos normais nos quatro membros. Peso: 20 Kg; PA: 100/70 mmHg; FC: 80 bpm; Satura&#231;&#227;o O2: 96%. A aorta n&#227;o era palpada na f&#250;rcula.</p>
    <p>No prec&#243;rdio, o ictus cordis era palpado nos 4o e 5o espa&#231;os intercostais, na linha hemiclavicular, por duas polpas digitais. As bulhas card&#237;acas eram normofon&#233;ticas e auscultava-se sopro sist&#243;lico discreto, + de intensidade, rude, na &#225;rea mitral e sem irradia&#231;&#245;es. O f&#237;gado n&#227;o era palpado e os pulm&#245;es eram limpos.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Exames complementares:</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Eletrocardiograma</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Mostrava ritmo sinusal e sinais de sobrecarga ventricular esquerda com &#237;ndice de Sokollof (S de V2 e R de V6) de 57 mm. A onda T era negativa em parede anterolateral, AP: +50&#186;, AQRS: +20&#186;, AT: +100&#186; (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
    <p content-type="asset">
      <fig id="f01">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-99-01-e105-00015-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Radiografia de t&#243;rax</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Mostra &#225;rea card&#237;aca aumentada custa do arco ventricular esquerdo e do &#225;trio esquerdo. O arco m&#233;dio est&#225; retificado e a trama vascular pulmonar discretamente aumentada (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Ecocardiograma</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Mostrou cavidades card&#237;acas esquerdas dilatadas, insufici&#234;ncia moderada da valva mitral espessada e com prolapso da v&#225;lvula anterior, hiperrefring&#234;ncia dos m&#250;sculos papilares esquerdos, coron&#225;ria direita dilatada e origem an&#244;mala da art&#233;ria coronariana esquerda do tronco pulmonar, no seio anterior esquerdo da valva pulmonar. As medidas eram em VD = 16, VE = 52, AE = 32, Ao = 19, Anel Tric&#250;spide = 21, Anel Mitral = 28, APD=APE = 11, FEVE = 61%, coron&#225;ria direita = 5 mm, coron&#225;ria esquerda = 4mm (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 2</xref>).</p>
    <p content-type="asset">
      <fig id="f02">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-99-01-e105-00015-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Cateterismo card&#237;aco</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Mostrou angiografia os mesmos elementos com circula&#231;&#227;o colateral abundante entre as duas art&#233;rias coronarianas e o n&#237;tido direcionamento do fluxo da art&#233;ria coronariana esquerda para o tronco pulmonar (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 2</xref>).</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Origem an&#244;mala da art&#233;ria coronariana esquerda do tronco pulmonar com circula&#231;&#227;o colateral abundante entre as art&#233;rias coronarianas e preserva&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular, mas com insufici&#234;ncia valvar mitral moderada.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Racioc&#237;nio cl&#237;nico</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Os elementos cl&#237;nicos eram compat&#237;veis com o diagn&#243;stico de cardiopatia cong&#234;nita acianog&#234;nica sem repercuss&#227;o din&#226;mica em face da boa toler&#226;ncia f&#237;sica e sem sinais de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca. A ausculta card&#237;aca orientou o diagn&#243;stico de insufici&#234;ncia valvar mitral, de moderada repercuss&#227;o, em concord&#226;ncia com os exames de imagens radiogr&#225;ficas e eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas. Ecocardiograma e cinecoronariografia estabeleceram o diagn&#243;stico acurado da anomalia. Dif&#237;cil foi caracterizar a causa da insufici&#234;ncia mitral em fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular normal em presen&#231;a da anomalia coronariana. Hiperrefring&#234;ncia dos m&#250;sculos papilares, express&#227;o de isquemia pr&#233;via, orientou a causa isqu&#234;mica, apesar da fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular preservada. Associa&#231;&#227;o de prolapso mitral independente da les&#227;o de base tamb&#233;m foi aventada.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Diagn&#243;stico diferencial:</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Outras cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas que se associam com sobrecarga de volume de ventr&#237;culo esquerdo podem tamb&#233;m se exteriorizar de maneira a provocar insufici&#234;ncia mitral como decorr&#234;ncia da dilata&#231;&#227;o do anel mitral. Destacam-se nessa condi&#231;&#227;o a janela aortopulmonar, o canal arterial persistente e ainda outras f&#237;stulas arteriovenosas. No entanto, nessas anomalias haveria alguma outra manifesta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica, como representada especialmente por sopro cont&#237;nuo no prec&#243;rdio ou em outro s&#237;tio org&#226;nico.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Conduta</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Por meio de toracotomia mediana verificou-se dilata&#231;&#227;o das duas art&#233;rias coronarianas, especialmente da direita. A art&#233;ria coronariana esquerda an&#244;mala foi transportada diretamente do seio posterior esquerdo do tronco pulmonar para a parede lateral e posterior da aorta. Havia na valva mitral prolapso da v&#225;lvula anterior e a dilata&#231;&#227;o do anel foi diminu&#237;da por plicatura posterior. O p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio transcorreu sem complica&#231;&#245;es.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Coment&#225;rios</bold>
    </p>
    <p>O diagn&#243;stico da origem an&#244;mala da art&#233;ria coronariana esquerda fica dificultado quando o paciente se mostra sem sinais de isquemia mioc&#225;rdica, em presen&#231;a de suficiente circula&#231;&#227;o colateral entre as art&#233;rias coronarianas preservando da&#237; o fluxo de sangue arterial para o mioc&#225;rdico. Nessa situa&#231;&#227;o, o diagn&#243;stico da anomalia passa a ser fortuito em decorr&#234;ncia de outro fator que precipite a feitura de exames complementares diagn&#243;sticos. Mesmo sem isquemia, a corre&#231;&#227;o da art&#233;ria coronariana esquerda an&#244;mala obedece ao princ&#237;pio da obten&#231;&#227;o de circula&#231;&#227;o coronariana nutrida por duas fontes arteriais, com maior uniformidade do fluxo mioc&#225;rdico, al&#233;m de se evitar da&#237; acidente coron&#225;rio ateroscler&#243;tico mais grave na evolu&#231;&#227;o posterior em longo prazo na idade adulta.</p>
    <p>
      <fn id="back" fn-type="corresp">
        <p>Correspond&#234;ncia:</p>
        <p> Edmar Atik </p>
        <p> Av. Dr. En&#233;as Carvalho de Aguiar, 44 </p>
        <p> CEP 05403-000, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="conatik@incor.usp.br">conatik@incor.usp.br</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
  </body>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Clinicoradiological Session</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Case 5/2012: six-year-old child with anomalous origin of left coronary artery and mitral regurgitation</article-title>
      </title-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>CLINICORADIOLOGICAL SESSION</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Case 5/2012 - six-year-old child with anomalous origin of left coronary artery and mitral regurgitation</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Edmar Atik</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</p>
      <p>
        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="back-body2">Mailing Address</xref>
      </p>
      <p><bold>Keywords:</bold> Heart defects, congenital; mitral valve insufficiency; coronary vessel anomalies; thoracotomy.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Clinical data</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Tiredness, noticed since three days after birth, persisted during the first year, while receiving digoxin and captopril. Thereafter, the child remained asymptomatic and had full physical capacity, while taking enalapril (5 mg/day).</p>
      <p>Physical Examination: good general status, eupneic, acyanotic, normal pulses in all four limbs. Weight: 20 Kg; BP: 100/70 mmHg; HR: 80 bpm; O2 Saturation: 96%. Aorta not palpable at the suprasternal notch.</p>
      <p>In the precordium, the ictus cordis was palpable between the 4<sup>th</sup> and 5<sup>th</sup> intercostal spaces, in the hemiclavicular line, by two digital pulps. Heart sounds were normal and slight systolic murmur was heard, + intensity, in the mitral area without radiation. The liver was not palpable and lungs were clear.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Complementary examinations:</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Electrocardiogram</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Showed sinus rhythm and signs of left ventricular overload with Sokoloff index (S of V2 and R of V6) of 57 mm. T wave was negative in the anterolateral wall, AP: +50o, AQRS: +20o, AT: +100o (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="en_15f01-body2">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
      <p content-type="asset">
        <fig id="en_15f01-body2">
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-99-01-e105-00015-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Chest X-ray</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Showed enlarged heart silhouette at the expense of the left ventricular arch and left atrium. A rectified middle arch was observed and the pulmonary vascular network was slightly increased (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="en_15f01-body2">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Echocardiogram</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Shows dilated left heart cavities, moderate regurgitation of the thickened mitral valve and prolapse of the anterior valve, hyperrefringence of the left papillary muscle, dilated right coronary artery and anomalous origin of the left coronary artery of the pulmonary trunk in the left anterior sinus of the pulmonary valve. Heart measurements were as follows: RV = 16, LV = 52, LA = 32, Ao = 19, Tricuspid Annulus = 21, Mitral Annulus = 28, RPA=LPA = 11, LVEF = 61%, right coronary artery = 5 mm, left coronary artery = 4 mm (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="en_15f02-body2">Figure 2</xref>).</p>
      <p content-type="asset">
        <fig id="en_15f02-body2">
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-99-01-e105-00015-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Cardiac catheterism</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Showed at angiography the same elements with abundant collateral circulation between the two coronary arteries and clear flow direction from the left coronary artery to the pulmonary trunk (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="en_15f02-body2">Figure 2</xref>).</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Clinical diagnosis</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Anomalous origin of left coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk with abundant collateral circulation between the coronary arteries and preserved ventricular function, but with moderate mitral valve regurgitation.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Clinical rationale</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The clinical elements were compatible with the diagnosis of acyanogenic congenital heart disease with no dynamic effect, considering good physical tolerance and no signs of heart failure. Cardiac auscultation supported the diagnosis of mitral regurgitation of moderate outcome, in agreement with the radiographic imaging tests and electrocardiograms. Echocardiography and coronary angiography established the accurate diagnosis of the anomaly. It was difficult to characterize the cause of the mitral regurgitation due to the normal ventricular function in the presence of coronary anomaly. Hyperrefringence of the papillary muscles, an expression of prior ischemia, suggested the ischemic cause, notwithstanding the preserved ventricular function. The association of mitral valve prolapse, regardless of the basal lesion, was also suggested.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Differential diagnosis</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Other congenital heart diseases that are associated with left ventricular volume overload can also manifest by causing mitral regurgitation due to mitral annulus dilatation. Most notable are the aortopulmonary window, persistent ductus arteriosus and other arteriovenous fistulas. However, these anomalies would show other clinical manifestations, especially continuous murmur in the precordium or another organic site.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Conduct</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Enlargement of the two coronary arteries, particularly of the right one, was found through median thoracotomy. The anomalous left coronary artery was transported directly from the left posterior sinus of the pulmonary artery to the lateral and posterior wall of the aorta. There was mitral valve prolapse in the anterior valve and annulus dilatation was reduced by posterior plication. The postoperative course was uneventful.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Comments</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The diagnosis of anomalous origin of left coronary artery is hindered when the patient shows no signs of myocardial ischemia in the presence of sufficient collateral circulation between the coronary arteries, thus preserving the arterial blood flow to the myocardium. In this situation, the diagnosis of the anomaly becomes fortuitous due to another factor that precipitates the performance of diagnostic exams. Even without ischemia, the correction of anomalous left coronary artery follows the principle of obtaining coronary circulation fed by two arterial sources, with greater uniformity of myocardial blood flow, as well as preventing a more severe atherosclerotic coronary accident in the long-term evolution at adult age.</p>
      <p>
        <fn id="back-body2" fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Mailing Address:</p>
          <p> Edmar Atik</p>
          <p> InCor - Av. Dr. En&#233;as Carvalho de Aguiar, 44</p>
          <p> CEP 05403-000, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</p>
          <p> E-mail: </p>
          <p>
            <email xlink:href="conatik@incor.usp.br">conatik@incor.usp.br</email>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
