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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">5BZM4M4Yh3G67gbHgkNcGkP</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00019</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2011001200019</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(11)09700319</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2011001200019</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Ponto de Vista</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Posturas da Rela&#231;&#227;o M&#233;dico-paciente Testemunha de Jeov&#225;</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Grinberg</surname>
            <given-names>Max</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Zlotnik</surname>
            <given-names>Graziela Chehaibar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state"/>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2011</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>97</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>e56</fpage>
      <lpage>e57</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>21</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2011</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>PONTO DE VISTA</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Posturas da Rela&#231;&#227;o M&#233;dico-paciente Testemunha de Jeov&#225;</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Max Grinberg; Graziela Chehaibar Zlotnik</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o - InCor - S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="back">Correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p><bold>Palavras-chave: </bold> Religi&#227;o, religi&#227;o e medicina, Testemunhas de Jeov&#225;, tomada de decis&#245;es.</p>
    <p>Pensar em paciente Testemunha de Jeov&#225; (pTJ) &#233; imaginar um m&#233;dico querendo transfundir sangue para salvar a vida de um paciente que se recusa a receb&#234;-lo<sup>1-4</sup>.</p>
    <p>Na pratica, h&#225; flexibilidade dessa postura para o encontro de caminhos de conviv&#234;ncia inclusiva e correspons&#225;vel?</p>
    <p> Investigamos essa quest&#227;o com profundidade acad&#234;mica<sup>5</sup> e pelos dados qualitativos observamos distintas posturas tanto de m&#233;dicos como de pacientes (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="q1">quadro 1</xref>).</p>
    <fig id="q1">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-97-03-0e56-00019-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>
      <bold>M&#233;dico pragm&#225;tico (MP)</bold>
    </p>
    <p>O MP busca respaldo para suas decis&#245;es em leis, pareceres, protocolos e normas. J&#225; demonstra convic&#231;&#245;es predefinidas e "oficialmente validadas" por seus consultores. Ele percebe o pTJ como um grupo homog&#234;neo.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>M&#233;dico autonomista (MA)</bold>
    </p>
    <p>O MA valoriza a autonomia do paciente acima de tudo, respeita as escolhas do paciente independentemente das consequ&#234;ncias. Ele acredita que cada pessoa &#233; respons&#225;vel por suas decis&#245;es e n&#227;o entra no m&#233;rito da religi&#227;o em sua avalia&#231;&#227;o. O MA aceita o eventual risco de concep&#231;&#227;o de atua&#231;&#227;o com neglig&#234;ncia, pelo ju&#237;zo que faz das cren&#231;as e valores pessoais.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>M&#233;dico deliberador (MD)</bold>
    </p>
    <p>O MD avalia caso a caso, em seu contexto, para a tomada de decis&#227;o. Ele atua com flexibilidade perante riscos aceit&#225;veis.</p>
    <p>O MD promove o di&#225;logo, compromete-se com o paciente, busca op&#231;&#245;es e a transfus&#227;o de sangue significa &#250;ltima inst&#226;ncia de delibera&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>Uma pesquisa feita com 564 cardiologistas para conhecer poss&#237;veis condutas no atendimento de um determinado caso de pTJ apresentou os seguintes resultados<sup>6</sup> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="q2">quadro 2</xref>).</p>
    <fig id="q2">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-97-03-0e56-00019-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>A op&#231;&#227;o recusa atender representa inten&#231;&#227;o de n&#227;o se arriscar; a op&#231;&#227;o atende e realiza transfus&#227;o de sangue perante iminente risco de morte opta pela vida; e a op&#231;&#227;o atende e n&#227;o realiza transfus&#227;o de sangue em nenhuma hip&#243;tese privilegia a plena autonomia.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Paciente ortodoxo (PO)</bold>
    </p>
    <p>O PO prioriza a f&#233;. Com isso, ele j&#225; tem estabelecidas as escolhas. Ele n&#227;o tem receio da morte a ponto de abrir m&#227;o do tratamento "salvador". O PO mant&#233;m-se estritamente dentro do que &#233; prescrito pela comunidade Testemunha de Jeov&#225; (TJ) e teme que um tratamento possa resultar numa conduta n&#227;o permitida. Ele entende que a infra&#231;&#227;o religiosa compromete a vida eterna e a vida atual em raz&#227;o do poss&#237;vel afastamento da comunidade TJ. Dessa forma, a morte &#233; mais aceit&#225;vel que a transfus&#227;o de sangue.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Paciente liberal (PL)</bold>
    </p>
    <p>O PL tem algum grau de flexibilidade na tomada de decis&#227;o sobre transfus&#227;o de sangue. Ele busca o respeito &#224;s suas cren&#231;as, mas n&#227;o se mostra r&#237;gido no impedimento do tratamento.</p>
    <p>O PL, ao transferir a decis&#227;o ao m&#233;dico, sente que n&#227;o &#233; exatamente respons&#225;vel por um eventual desrespeito aos preceitos da religi&#227;o. O instinto de sobreviv&#234;ncia se sobrep&#245;e.</p>
    <p>Entendemos que o reconhecimento dessas cinco posturas seja &#250;til para o melhor entendimento sobre o grau de flexibilidade poss&#237;vel na rela&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dico-pTJ.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesses</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
    </p>
    <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Este artigo &#233; parte de tese de Doutorado de Graziela Chehaibar Zlotnik pelo Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o - Incor.</p>
    <p>
      <fn id="back" fn-type="corresp">
        <p>Correspond&#234;ncia:</p>
        <p> Max Grinberg </p>
        <p> Rua Manoel Antonio Pinto, 4 ap. 21&#170; - Parais&#243;polis </p>
        <p> 05663-020 - S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p><email xlink:href="max@cardiol.br">max@cardiol.br</email>; </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="grinberg@incor.usp.br">grinberg@incor.usp.br</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p>Artigo recebido em 03/11/10; revisado recebido em 03/11/10; aceito em 08/02/11.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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          <fpage>S138</fpage>
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        <mixed-citation>4. Hughes DB, Ullery    BW, Barrie PS. The contemporary to the care of Jehovah's witnesses. J Trauma.    2008;65(1):237-47.</mixed-citation>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Point of View</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Attitudes in the doctor-patient relationship Jehovah's Witnesses</article-title>
      </title-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>POINT OF VIEW</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <fn id="top-body2">
          <label>
            <bold>Attitudes in the doctor-patient relationship Jehovah's Witnesses</bold>
          </label>
          <p>
            <bold>Max Grinberg; Graziela Chehaibar Zlotnik</bold>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </p>
      <p>Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o - InCor - S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</p>
      <p>Mailing address</p>
      <p><bold>Keywords:</bold> Religion; religion and medicine; Jehovah's Witneses; decision making.</p>
      <p>Thinking of a Jehovah's Witness patient (JWp) is to imagine a doctor trying to transfuse blood to save the life of a patient who refuses to receive it<sup>1-4</sup>.</p>
      <p> In practice, is there any flexibility for finding ways of inclusive and co-responsible coexistence?</p>
      <p> We investigated this issue in depth<sup>5</sup> and through qualitative data we have observed different attitudes of both physicians and patients (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="t1-body2">Box 1</xref>).</p>
      <fig id="t1-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-97-03-0e56-00019-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>
        <bold>Pragmatic physician (MP)</bold>
      </p>
      <p>A MP seeks support for his decisions on laws, reports, protocols and standards. This type of physician demonstrates predefined convictions "officially validated" by his advisers. He sees JWp as a homogenous group.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Autonomist physician (AP)</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The AP appreciates patient's autonomy above all, and respects patient's choices regardless of the consequences. He believes that each person is responsible for their decisions and does consider the religion in his assessment. The AP accepts the potential risk of acting in a negligent manner, due to his considerations of beliefs and personal values.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Deliberative physician (DP)</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The DP evaluates each case within each context before taking decisions. He acts with flexibility before acceptable risks.</p>
      <p>The DP promotes dialogue, devotes much of his time to the patient, seeks options and transfusion of blood means the last resort.</p>
      <p>A survey with 564 cardiologists to learn potential conducts to address a particular case of JWp revealed the following results<sup>6</sup> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="t2-body2">Box 2</xref>).</p>
      <fig id="t2-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-97-03-0e56-00019-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>The option refuses to provide assistance represents the unwillingness to take risks; the option provides assistance and conducts blood transfusion in the imminent risk of death chooses to protect life; and the option provides assistance and does not perform blood transfusion under any circumstances prioritizes full autonomy.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Orthodox patient (OP)</bold>
      </p>
      <p>OP prioritizes the faith. With that, he has established choices. He has no fear of death to the point of giving up a "savior" treatment. The OP remains strictly within what is prescribed by the community of Jehovah's Witnesses (JW) and fears that a treatment may result in a not allowed conduct. He believes that the religious violation jeopardizes eternal life and the current life because of a possible detachment from the JW community. Thus, death is more acceptable than blood transfusion.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Liberal patient (LP)</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The LP has some degree of flexibility in making decisions about blood transfusion. He seeks to respect his beliefs but does not seem inflexible in stopping the treatment.</p>
      <p>The LP, by transferring the decision to the doctor, feels he is not exactly liable for any disrespect to the precepts of religion. The survival instinct overrides.</p>
      <p>We believe that the recognition of these five attitudes is helpful to better understanding the degree of flexibility available in the doctor-JWp relationship.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
      </p>
      <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
      </p>
      <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Study Association</bold>
      </p>
      <p>This article is part of the thesis of doctoral submitted by Graziela Chehaibar Zlotnik, from <italic>Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o - Incor</italic>.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
