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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">PkyfWmYmG7f8fNLzPKJM6br</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00018</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2011001200018</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(11)09700318</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2011001200018</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Tratamento de les&#227;o de tronco da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria esquerda ap&#243;s radioterapia do t&#243;rax</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Salemi</surname>
            <given-names>Vera Maria Cury</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dabarian</surname>
            <given-names>Andr&#233; L.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Nastari</surname>
            <given-names>Luciano</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gama</surname>
            <given-names>Marcus</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Soares J&#250;nior</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mady</surname>
            <given-names>Charles</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina </institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2011</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>97</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>e53</fpage>
      <lpage>e55</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2010</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2010</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2009</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>A preven&#231;&#227;o de complica&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares tardias ap&#243;s radioterapia (RT) para tratamento de um tumor maligno &#233; um desafio. Relatamos o caso de um jovem paciente com linfoma de Hodgkin submetido a tratamento com RT que desenvolveu doen&#231;a card&#237;aca isqu&#234;mica no seguimento, embora n&#227;o apresentasse fatores de risco cardiovasculares. Conclu&#237;mos que pacientes submetidos a RT que apresentam dor tor&#225;cica deveriam ser criteriosamente avaliados em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; doen&#231;a arterial coronariana.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt" kwd-group-type="author-generated">
        <kwd>Vasos coron&#225;rios</kwd>
        <kwd>anomalias dos vasos coron&#225;rios</kwd>
        <kwd>t&#243;rax</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>21</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2011</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>RELATO DE CASO</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Tratamento de les&#227;o de tronco da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria esquerda ap&#243;s radioterapia do t&#243;rax</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Vera Maria Cury Salemi; Andr&#233; L. Dabarian; Luciano Nastari; Marcus Gama; Jos&#233; Soares J&#250;nior; Charles Mady</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (InCor) do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, Brasil</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="back">Correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>RESUMO</bold>
    </p>
    <p>A preven&#231;&#227;o de complica&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares tardias ap&#243;s radioterapia (RT) para tratamento de um tumor maligno &#233; um desafio. Relatamos o caso de um jovem paciente com linfoma de Hodgkin submetido a tratamento com RT que desenvolveu doen&#231;a card&#237;aca isqu&#234;mica no seguimento, embora n&#227;o apresentasse fatores de risco cardiovasculares. Conclu&#237;mos que pacientes submetidos a RT que apresentam dor tor&#225;cica deveriam ser criteriosamente avaliados em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; doen&#231;a arterial coronariana.</p>
    <p><bold>Palavras-chave: </bold> Vasos coron&#225;rios/radioterapia, anomalias dos vasos coron&#225;rios, t&#243;rax/radioterapia. </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>A doen&#231;a arterial coronariana (DAC) &#233; uma complica&#231;&#227;o tardia ap&#243;s irradia&#231;&#227;o mediastinal. A doen&#231;a tende a afetar o &#243;stio coron&#225;rio, presumivelmente devido &#224; sua localiza&#231;&#227;o relativamente central dentro do campo de irradia&#231;&#227;o. A radioterapia (RT) pode induzir a aterosclerose acelerada, com fibrose advent&#237;cia, tecido fibr&#243;tico epic&#225;rdico e pouco material lip&#237;dico na les&#227;o intimal, que &#233; diferente da les&#227;o ateroscler&#243;tica t&#237;pica. Apresentamos o caso de um paciente de 23 anos com linfoma de Hodgkin (LH) que desenvolveu les&#227;o de tronco da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria esquerda ap&#243;s RT terap&#234;utica.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Relato de Caso</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Paciente com 23 anos, com dor tor&#225;cica at&#237;pica por 2 meses, foi admitido em nossa institui&#231;&#227;o. Ele tinha sido submetido a tratamento para linfoma de Hodgkin atrav&#233;s de RT mediastinal e quimioterapia aos 5 anos de idade, ap&#243;s o qual completa remiss&#227;o foi obtida. Na avalia&#231;&#227;o, o teste de esfor&#231;o foi positivo, e a cintilografia com MIBI-dipiridamol mostrou defeito transit&#243;rio nas paredes lateral e anterior, com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (FEVE) normal (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>). Subsequentemente, o paciente foi submetido &#224; arteriografia coron&#225;ria, que revelou les&#227;o de 80% do tronco da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria esquerda (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 2A</xref>). Depois disso, o paciente foi submetido &#224; cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio (CRM) da art&#233;ria tor&#225;cica interna esquerda (ATIE) para a art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria descendente anterior esquerda (DAE) e da art&#233;ria tor&#225;cica interna direita (ATID) para a art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria marginal esquerda. Tr&#234;s meses ap&#243;s a cirurgia, o paciente foi hospitalizado com dor tor&#225;cica at&#237;pica e uma nova arteriografia mostrou oclus&#227;o da ATID. O paciente foi ent&#227;o submetido &#224; interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea (ICP) com implanta&#231;&#227;o de stent Infinnium (stent coron&#225;rio elu&#237;do com paclitaxel) no tronco da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria esquerda (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 2B</xref>) com bom desfecho ap&#243;s 1 ano de seguimento.</p>
    <fig id="f1">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-97-03-0e53-00018-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    <fig id="f2">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-97-03-0e53-00018-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>
      <bold>Discuss&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>O tratamento do LH &#233; RT combinado com quimioterapia. Nos anos 50, RT de alta voltagem era utilizada, que era mais eficaz, mas resultava em maior dano colateral. O envolvimento do cora&#231;&#227;o est&#225; relacionado &#224; dosagem e quantidade da RT, RT no lado esquerdo do t&#243;rax, bem como o local e tamanho do tumor. Alguns autores relatam que o risco card&#237;aco aumenta quando a dose de RT &#233; maior do que 30 Gy e quando o cora&#231;&#227;o est&#225; envolvido no campo radioativo<sup>1,2</sup>. Em v&#225;rios estudos de longo prazo de pacientes submetidos a RT, as mortes resultantes de malignidades secund&#225;rias e doen&#231;a card&#237;aca excederam aquelas causadas pelo LH<sup>3</sup>. A RT afeta o cora&#231;&#227;o como um todo, levando &#224; pericardite constritiva e tamb&#233;m afeta o aparelho valvar, o mioc&#225;rdio, o sistema de condu&#231;&#227;o e a art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria<sup>4,5</sup>. A incid&#234;ncia de DAC varia de 5,5% a 12%; &#233; a mais letal das complica&#231;&#245;es, mas &#233; trat&#225;vel<sup>6,7</sup>. O desenvolvimento da DAC ap&#243;s a RT demora de 3 a 29 anos (m&#233;dia de 13 a 16 anos)<sup>7,8</sup>. A RT pode induzir aterosclerose acelerada e estudos p&#243;s-morte revelaram fibrose advent&#237;cia grave, tecido fibr&#243;tico epic&#225;rdico e pouco material lip&#237;dico na les&#227;o intimal, que &#233; diferente da les&#227;o ateroscler&#243;tica t&#237;pica. Um estudo anterior mostrou aumento de 45 vezes o risco de mortalidade por infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio em pacientes tratados com mais de 30 Gy de irradia&#231;&#227;o mediastinal antes dos 20 anos de idade<sup>9</sup>. Nosso jovem paciente tinha DAC sem apresentar fatores de risco e com hist&#243;rico familiar negativo para DAC. Isso pode ser atribu&#237;do ao seu tratamento com RT 17 anos antes. A preval&#234;ncia da doen&#231;a card&#237;aca induzida por radia&#231;&#227;o (DCIR) pode variar de 6 a 30% em pacientes com doen&#231;a de Hodgkin. Pacientes podem apresentar fibrose mioc&#225;rdica, que pode existir mesmo em ind&#237;viduos assintom&#225;ticos que receberam altas doses de RT. Um estudo de necr&#243;psia mostrou que essa taxa &#233; de aproximadamente 63%<sup>2</sup>. Al&#233;m disso, o envolvimento card&#237;aco sintom&#225;tico ap&#243;s a RT ocorre em aproximadamente 10% dos pacientes. Est&#225; indicada a preven&#231;&#227;o de eventos cardiovasculares, avalia&#231;&#227;o para detectar doen&#231;a arterial coronariana precoce e tamb&#233;m avalia&#231;&#227;o laboratorial completa, com especial aten&#231;&#227;o aos n&#237;veis lip&#237;dicos e fun&#231;&#227;o tireoidiana. A CRM &#233; uma op&#231;&#227;o, mas a abordagem se torna dif&#237;cil devido &#224; fibrose mediastinal, que &#233; um efeito colateral da RT anterior do t&#243;rax. Outra op&#231;&#227;o &#233; a ICP com implante de stent, mas tamb&#233;m &#233; dif&#237;cil, j&#225; que as les&#245;es coron&#225;rias est&#227;o frequentemente no tronco da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria esquerda ou nas regi&#245;es proximais, levando &#224; um maior risco para esses procedimentos<sup>6</sup>. A preven&#231;&#227;o do dano por RT inclui a diminui&#231;&#227;o da dose total, que reduz as complica&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas, mas n&#227;o as malignidades secund&#225;rias. A preven&#231;&#227;o tamb&#233;m inclui o planejamento do tratamento atrav&#233;s de tomografia computadorizada e a aplica&#231;&#227;o de dois campos. Al&#233;m disso, a associa&#231;&#227;o de RT e quimioterapia, conhecida como terapia combinada, com doses de RT de 20 a 30Gy, e, obviamente, o tratamento dos fatores de risco cardiovasculares tamb&#233;m podem ser utilizados para tratar o dano causado pela RT. O uso de estatinas para reduzir a inflama&#231;&#227;o e inibidores de enzima conversora de angiotensina (IECA) podem ser &#250;teis para tratar DCIR. Adicionalmente, a pentoxifilina e alfa-tocoferol mostraram efeitos ben&#233;ficos sobre a DCIR, quando iniciados antes ou tr&#234;s meses ap&#243;s a RT em ratos<sup>10</sup>.</p>
    <p>Em conclus&#227;o, a cardiotoxicidade &#233; uma das complica&#231;&#245;es mais importantes da terapia do c&#226;ncer. &#192; medida que mais indiv&#237;duos sobrevivem ao c&#226;ncer, o trabalho da equipe composta por oncologistas e cardiologistas &#233; importante para prevenir problemas card&#237;acos relacionados ao tratamento dessa doen&#231;a.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesses</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
    </p>
    <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
    </p>
    <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>
      <fn id="back" fn-type="corresp">
        <p>Correspond&#234;ncia:</p>
        <p> Vera Maria Cury Salemi </p>
        <p> Avenida Jandira, 185 / 41 B - Indian&#243;polis </p>
        <p> 04080-000 - S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p><email xlink:href="verasalemi@cardiol.br">verasalemi@cardiol.br</email>, </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="verasalemi@uol.com.br">verasalemi@uol.com.br</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p>Artigo recebido em 22/12/09; revisado recebido em 14/05/10; aceito em 01/07/10.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Report</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Treatment of left main coronary artery lesion after late thoracic radiotherapy</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Prevention of late cardiovascular complications after radiation therapy (RT) for treatment of a malignant tumor is challenging. We report the case of a young male patient with Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with RT, who developed ischemic heart disease during follow-up, although he had no cardiovascular risk factors. We conclude that patients undergoing RT who experience chest pain should be fully investigated for coronary artery disease.</p>
      </abstract>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>CASE REPORT</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Treatment of left main coronary artery lesion after late thoracic radiotherapy </bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Vera Maria Cury Salemi; Andr&#233; L Dabarian; Luciano Nastari; Marcus Gama; Jos&#233; Soares J&#250;nior; Charles Mady</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (InCor) do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, Brazil</p>
      <p>
        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="back-body2">Mailing address</xref>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>ABSTRACT</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Prevention of late cardiovascular complications after radiation therapy (RT) for treatment of a malignant tumor is challenging. We report the case of a young male patient with Hodgkin's lymphoma treated with RT, who developed ischemic heart disease during follow-up, although he had no cardiovascular risk factors. We conclude that patients undergoing RT who experience chest pain should be fully investigated for coronary artery disease.</p>
      <p><bold>Keywords:</bold> Coronary vessels/radiotherapy; coronary vessel anomalies; thorax/radiotherapy.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Introduction</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a late complication after mediastinal irradiation. It tends to affect the coronary ostia, presumably due to their relatively central location within the radiation field. Radiotherapy (RT) may induce accelerated atherosclerosis, with adventitial fibrosis, epicardial fibrotic tissue, and little lipid material in the intimal lesion, which is different from the typical atherosclerotic lesion. We present a case of a 23-year-old male patient who developed left main coronary artery lesion following therapeutic RT for Hodgkin's lymphoma.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Case Report</bold>
      </p>
      <p>A 23 year-old-man with atypical chest pain for 2 months was admitted to our institution. He had been treated for Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) with mediastinal RT and chemotherapy at 5 years of age, after which complete remission was achieved. At evaluation, the treadmill exercise test was positive, and dipyridamole sestamibi scintigraphy showed transitory defects in the lateral and anterior walls, with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1-body2">Figure 1</xref>). Subsequently, the patient underwent coronary arteriography, which disclosed 80% stenosis of the left main coronary artery (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2-body2">Figure 2A</xref>). Afterwards, the patient underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) from the left internal thoracic artery (ITA) to the left anterior descending coronary artery and from the right ITA to the left marginal coronary artery. Three months after surgery, the patient was admitted with atypical chest pain, and a new coronary arteriography showed occlusion of the right ITA. The patient underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with Infinnium stent (Paclitaxel Eluting Coronary Stent) implantation at the left main coronary artery (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2-body2">Figure 2B</xref>) with a good outcome at 1-year follow-up.</p>
      <fig id="f1-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-97-03-0e53-00018-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <fig id="f2-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-97-03-0e53-00018-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>
        <bold>Discussion</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The treatment of HL consists of RT and chemotherapy. In the 1950s, high-voltage RT was used, which was more efficacious, but resulted in greater collateral damage. The involvement of the heart is related to the dosage and quantity of RT, RT on the left side of the chest, as well as the place and size of the tumor. Some authors report that cardiac risk increases when the dose of RT is more than 30 Gy and the heart is involved in the radioactive mantle field<sup>1,2</sup>. In several long-term series of patients who underwent RT, deaths resulting from second malignancies and heart disease exceeded those resulting from HL<sup>3</sup>. RT affects the whole heart, but mainly the pericardium, leading to constrictive pericarditis; it also affects the valvular apparatus, myocardium, conduction system and coronary artery<sup>4,5</sup>. The incidence of CAD ranges from 5.5 to 12%; it is the most deadly complication, but is treatable<sup>6,7</sup>. It takes 3 to 29 years (average 13 to 16 years) for CAD to develop after RT<sup>7,8</sup>. RT may induce accelerated atherosclerosis, and postmortem studies have revealed severe adventitial fibrosis, epicardial fibrotic tissue, and little lipid material in the intimal lesion, which is different from the typical atherosclerotic lesion. A previous study showed a 45-fold excess risk of mortality from acute myocardial infarction in patients treated with more than 30 Gy of mediastinal irradiation before the age of 20 years<sup>9</sup>. Our young patient had CAD without risk factors and a negative family history for CAD. This can be ascribed to his undergoing RT 17 years earlier. The prevalence of radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) may range from 6 to 30% in patients with Hodgkin's disease. Patients may have myocardial fibrosis that can exist even in asymptomatic patients who receive high doses of RT. A necropsy study showed that this rate is near to 63%<sup>2</sup>. Also, symptomatic cardiac involvement after RT occurs in about 10% of patients. It is recommended the prevention of cardiovascular events, screening to detect early coronary artery disease, and also complete laboratory examination with attention to lipid levels and thyroid function. CABG is one option, but the approach is made difficult by the mediastinal fibrosis that is a collateral effect of anterior RT of the thorax. Another option is PCI with stent implantation, but it is also difficult as the coronary lesions are frequently in the left main coronary artery or in the proximal region, leading to the greater risk of these procedures<sup>6</sup>. Prevention of RT damage includes a decrease in the total dosage, which reduces cardiac complications but not secondary malignancies. Prevention also includes the use of computed-tomography-based treatment planning and the application of two fields. In addition, the association of RT and chemotherapy, known as combination-modality therapy with RT doses of 20 to 30Gy, and, of course, the treatment of cardiovascular risk factors can also be used to treat RT damage. Using statins to reduce inflammation and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors may be useful in treating RIHD<sub>.</sub> Also, pentoxifylline and alpha-tocopherol have shown beneficial effects on RIHD when started before or 3 months after RT in rats<sup>10</sup>.</p>
      <p>In conclusion, cardiotoxicity is one of the most important complications of cancer therapy. As more people survive cancer, teamwork composed by oncologists and cardiologists is important in preventing cardiac problems related to cancer treatment.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
      </p>
      <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
      </p>
      <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Study Association</bold>
      </p>
      <p>This study is not associated with any post-graduation program.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <fn id="back-body2" fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Mailing address:</p>
          <p> Vera Maria Cury Salemi</p>
          <p> Avenida Jandira, 185 / 41 B - Indian&#243;polis</p>
          <p> 04080-000 - S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</p>
          <p> E-mail: </p>
          <p><email xlink:href="verasalemi@cardiol.br">verasalemi@cardiol.br</email>, </p>
          <p>
            <email xlink:href="verasalemi@uol.com.br">verasalemi@uol.com.br</email>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </p>
      <p>Manuscript received 22/12/09; revised manuscript received 14/05/10; accepted 01/07/10.</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
