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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">K7RtRbK9j7Jtp9Xb9f34xJp</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00003</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2011001200003</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(11)09700303</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2011005000082</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigos Originais</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Valor diagn&#243;stico da cintilografia mioc&#225;rdica em pacientes com doen&#231;a coronariana multiarterial</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Siqueira</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Eduarda Menezes de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Segundo Neto</surname>
            <given-names>Erly Medeiros Vieira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kelendjian</surname>
            <given-names>Juliana Fernandes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Smanio</surname>
            <given-names>Paola Emanuela Pogio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia</institution>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2011</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>97</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>194</fpage>
      <lpage>198</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>21</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2010</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>21</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2010</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2011</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>FUNDAMENTO: A cintilografia de perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica (CPM) &#233; um m&#233;todo n&#227;o invasivo extremamente &#250;til na avalia&#231;&#227;o de isquemia em portadores de doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria. Entretanto, persiste o conceito de que n&#227;o seria um bom m&#233;todo para os portadores de doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria multiarterial. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o valor da CPM com gated-SPECT na identifica&#231;&#227;o de isquemia induzida por estresse farmacol&#243;gico em pacientes com diagn&#243;stico de doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria obstrutiva multiarterial. M&#201;TODOS: Foram inclu&#237;dos 68 pacientes com diagn&#243;stico de doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria obstrutiva multiarterial pela cineangiocoronariografia (cine) para realiza&#231;&#227;o de CPM sob est&#237;mulo farmacol&#243;gico com dipiridamol. Os exames foram analisados por dois m&#233;dicos nucleares sem pr&#233;vio conhecimento do resultado da cine. RESULTADOS: Dos pacientes, 64 (92,8%) apresentaram altera&#231;&#227;o nas imagens de perfus&#227;o e 4 (7,2%) apresentaram perfus&#227;o normal, sendo que, destes, tr&#234;s apresentaram altera&#231;&#245;es funcionais na an&#225;lise do gated-SPECT. CONCLUS&#195;O: A CPM mostrou-se de grande valor na identifica&#231;&#227;o de pacientes portadores de doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria multiarterial, j&#225; que a maioria dos pacientes apresentou altera&#231;&#245;es perfusionais sugestivas de isquemia.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt" kwd-group-type="author-generated">
        <kwd>Reperfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica</kwd>
        <kwd>doen&#231;a da art&#233;ria coronariana</kwd>
        <kwd>cintilografia</kwd>
        <kwd>dipiridamol</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>29</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2011</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Valor diagn&#243;stico da cintilografia mioc&#225;rdica em pacientes com doen&#231;a coronariana multiarterial</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Maria Eduarda Menezes de Siqueira; Erly Medeiros Vieira Segundo Neto; Juliana Fernandes Kelendjian; Paola Emanuela Pogio Smanio</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="nt">Correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>RESUMO</bold>
    </p>
    <p><bold>FUNDAMENTO: </bold> A cintilografia de perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica (CPM) &#233; um m&#233;todo n&#227;o invasivo extremamente &#250;til na avalia&#231;&#227;o de isquemia em portadores de doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria. Entretanto, persiste o conceito de que n&#227;o seria um bom m&#233;todo para os portadores de doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria multiarterial. </p>
    <p><bold>OBJETIVO: </bold> Avaliar o valor da CPM com gated-SPECT na identifica&#231;&#227;o de isquemia induzida por estresse farmacol&#243;gico em pacientes com diagn&#243;stico de doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria obstrutiva multiarterial. </p>
    <p><bold>M&#201;TODOS: </bold> Foram inclu&#237;dos 68 pacientes com diagn&#243;stico de doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria obstrutiva multiarterial pela cineangiocoronariografia (cine) para realiza&#231;&#227;o de CPM sob est&#237;mulo farmacol&#243;gico com dipiridamol. Os exames foram analisados por dois m&#233;dicos nucleares sem pr&#233;vio conhecimento do resultado da cine. </p>
    <p><bold>RESULTADOS: </bold> Dos pacientes, 64 (92,8%) apresentaram altera&#231;&#227;o nas imagens de perfus&#227;o e 4 (7,2%) apresentaram perfus&#227;o normal, sendo que, destes, tr&#234;s apresentaram altera&#231;&#245;es funcionais na an&#225;lise do gated-SPECT. </p>
    <p><bold>CONCLUS&#195;O: </bold> A CPM mostrou-se de grande valor na identifica&#231;&#227;o de pacientes portadores de doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria multiarterial, j&#225; que a maioria dos pacientes apresentou altera&#231;&#245;es perfusionais sugestivas de isquemia. </p>
    <p><bold>Palavras-chave: </bold> Reperfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica, doen&#231;a da art&#233;ria coronariana / cintilografia, cintilografia / uso diagn&#243;stico, dipiridamol.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>As doen&#231;as cardiovasculares s&#227;o a principal causa de morte no mundo, dentre as quais, destaca-se a doen&#231;a arterial coron&#225;ria (DAC)<sup>1</sup>, cuja identifica&#231;&#227;o precoce permite tratamento r&#225;pido e modifica&#231;&#227;o do progn&#243;stico. </p>
    <p>Segundo os princ&#237;pios fisiol&#243;gicos da cascata isqu&#234;mica, as altera&#231;&#245;es da perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica s&#227;o as primeiras a ocorrer durante epis&#243;dios de isquemia. Da&#237; a relev&#226;ncia dos m&#233;todos capazes de avaliar as altera&#231;&#245;es da perfus&#227;o (fluxo sangu&#237;neo e a reserva de fluxo), atrav&#233;s de informa&#231;&#245;es provenientes de m&#233;todos n&#227;o invasivos. Do grupo de pacientes com DAC, aqueles com les&#227;o de tronco da coron&#225;ria esquerda e com doen&#231;a multiarterial s&#227;o os de maior risco de eventos adversos<sup>2,3</sup>.</p>
    <p>O principal objetivo dos m&#233;todos diagn&#243;sticos n&#227;o invasivos &#233; identificar o grupo de maior risco, onde a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o resulta em melhora dos sintomas e da sobrevida<sup>4</sup>. A cintilografia de perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica (CPM) destaca-se por detectar altera&#231;&#245;es da perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica e da fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda, auxiliando no diagn&#243;stico de DAC, sendo de grande valor no processo de decis&#227;o cl&#237;nica<sup>5,6</sup>.</p>
    <p>Estudos da d&#233;cada de 80 j&#225; mostravam que a extens&#227;o da anormalidade de perfus&#227;o pela CPM tem importante associa&#231;&#227;o com eventos adversos (morte card&#237;aca e infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio n&#227;o fatal). Ou seja, dos pacientes que apresentam dor tor&#225;cica e suspeita de DAC, o risco de morte card&#237;aca ou de IAM aumenta conforme o n&#250;mero de segmentos com hipoperfus&#227;o revers&#237;vel sugestiva de isquemia<sup>7</sup>. Esse conceito aplica-se n&#227;o somente &#224; CPM de estresse por exerc&#237;cio, mas tamb&#233;m ao espectro dos diversos procedimentos da medicina nuclear, com estresse farmacol&#243;gico<sup>8</sup>.</p>
    <p>Anteriormente, quando o m&#233;todo oferecia apenas informa&#231;&#245;es da perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica, trazidas com avalia&#231;&#227;o relativa entre a perfus&#227;o de uma parede em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s demais, existia o conceito de que a CPM poderia subestimar ou n&#227;o identificar altera&#231;&#245;es perfusionais quando m&#250;ltiplos territ&#243;rios arteriais de irriga&#231;&#227;o estivessem comprometidos (a chamada hipocapta&#231;&#227;o balanceada)<sup>9</sup>. Acreditava-se que, na presen&#231;a de doen&#231;a triarterial de igual gravidade, uma hipoperfus&#227;o homog&#234;nea pudesse ocorrer levando a um resultado falsamente negativo do exame. </p>
    <p>Entretanto, tal fato &#233; incomum, pois &#233; extremamente raro encontrar les&#245;es coron&#225;rias m&#250;ltiplas com o mesmo grau de estenose, e, se presentes, n&#227;o &#233; esperado que elas levem &#224; mesma redu&#231;&#227;o regional de fluxo. Desigualdades de fluxo regional em vasos com estenose de gravidade semelhante ocorrem devido &#224; presen&#231;a de circula&#231;&#227;o colateral, de for&#231;as de compress&#227;o e de outros mecanismos ainda n&#227;o identificados<sup>10</sup>. H&#225; poucos dados na literatura mundial sobre a incid&#234;ncia da hipocapta&#231;&#227;o balanceada<sup>5</sup>.</p>
    <p>Com o advento da sincroniza&#231;&#227;o das imagens da perfus&#227;o ao eletrocardiograma (t&#233;cnica de <italic>gated-SPECT</italic>), &#233; poss&#237;vel avaliar a fun&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (VE) e tamb&#233;m detectar altera&#231;&#245;es regionais da contratilidade e do espessamento sist&#243;licos, aumentando a acur&#225;cia na detec&#231;&#227;o de doen&#231;a cardiovascular de alto risco<sup>11-13</sup>.</p>
    <p>Nossa hip&#243;tese &#233; que a CPM realizada pela t&#233;cnica de <italic>gated-SPECT </italic>possa detectar com grande sensibilidade os pacientes acometidos em m&#250;ltiplos territ&#243;rios arteriais.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Objetivos</bold>
    </p>
    <p>O objetivo prim&#225;rio deste trabalho &#233; avaliar o valor da CPM com <italic>gated-SPECT </italic>em identificar isquemia induzida por estresse farmacol&#243;gico com dipiridamol, em um grupo de pacientes com diagn&#243;stico confirmado de doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria obstrutiva multiarterial pelo cateterismo card&#237;aco. </p>
    <p>Como objetivo secund&#225;rio, pretendemos verificar o valor adicional das vari&#225;veis funcionais obtido pelo <italic>gated-SPECT</italic> na identifica&#231;&#227;o dos portadores de obstru&#231;&#227;o multiarterial que, eventualmente, apresentarem perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica normal.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>M&#233;todos</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Trata-se de estudo transversal em um grupo de 68 pacientes submetidos a cateterismo card&#237;aco, no Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, durante o per&#237;odo de dezembro de 2009 a setembro de 2010, com diagn&#243;stico de doen&#231;a obstrutiva coron&#225;ria maior do que 50%, em pelo menos tr&#234;s vasos epic&#225;rdicos de territ&#243;rios vasculares diferentes, devendo incluir os tr&#234;s itens a seguir: 1) art&#233;ria descendente anterior ou algum dos seus ramos diagonais, desde que sejam de grande calibre e import&#226;ncia anat&#244;mica; 2) art&#233;ria circunflexa ou algum dos ramos marginais, desde que sejam de grande calibre e import&#226;ncia anat&#244;mica; 3) art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria direita.</p>
    <p>Ap&#243;s selecionados, os pacientes foram encaminhados para a realiza&#231;&#227;o da CPM pela t&#233;cnica de <italic>gated-SPECT</italic>, utilizando o radiof&#225;rmaco <sup>99m</sup>Tc-sestamibi associado ao estresse farmacol&#243;gico com dipiridamol, pelo protocolo padr&#227;o de dois dias. A dose administrada de dipiridamol foi de 0,56 mg/kg/min, durante 4 minutos, sendo 0,31 mCi/kg de MIBI-<sup>99m</sup>Tc injetado no segundo minuto ap&#243;s o t&#233;rmino da infus&#227;o venosa de dipiridamol. </p>
    <p>As imagens foram adquiridas na gama c&#226;mara modelo <italic>Millennium VG </italic>(<italic>GE Medical Systems</italic>, <italic>Milwaukee</italic>, EUA), dotada de dois detectores de cintila&#231;&#227;o, angulados a 90 graus, com colimadores de furos paralelos de alta resolu&#231;&#227;o e baixa energia. As imagens foram adquiridas 60 minutos ap&#243;s a inje&#231;&#227;o do radiof&#225;rmaco nas duas fases (basal e ap&#243;s dipiridamol). Os efeitos adversos apresentados durante a administra&#231;&#227;o do dipiridamol eram revertidos prontamente com o uso de aminofilina endovenosa na dose de 1,0 mg/kg/min. As imagens cintilogr&#225;ficas foram processadas pelos <italic>softwares QPS</italic> para perfus&#227;o e <italic>QGS</italic> para an&#225;lise da fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular. A an&#225;lise das imagens de perfus&#227;o empregou a avalia&#231;&#227;o qualitativa padr&#227;o.</p>
    <p>Todos os pacientes foram submetidos &#224; CPM em at&#233; 60 dias ap&#243;s o cateterismo card&#237;aco, antes do tratamento das les&#245;es coron&#225;rias por meio de cirurgia ou angioplastia, n&#227;o tendo sido adiado o procedimento terap&#234;utico em virtude da realiza&#231;&#227;o do exame. Os pacientes foram encaminhados para a realiza&#231;&#227;o do exame de acordo com a indica&#231;&#227;o do m&#233;dico assistente. As imagens foram avaliadas por dois m&#233;dicos especialistas em medicina nuclear sem pr&#233;vio conhecimento do resultado do cateterismo. </p>
    <p>Medicamentos betabloqueadores e vasodilatadores foram suspensos por 24 horas, apenas por ser esta a rotina padronizada na Se&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Crit&#233;rio de inclus&#227;o:</bold>
    </p>
    <list list-type="bullet">
      <list-item>
        <p> Pacientes com les&#227;o obstrutiva coron&#225;ria maior que 50% nas tr&#234;s art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias confirmada por cateterismo card&#237;aco.</p>
      </list-item>
    </list>
    <p>
      <bold>Crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o: </bold>
    </p>
    <list list-type="bullet">
      <list-item>
        <p> Pacientes com instabilidade cl&#237;nica ou hemodin&#226;mica (dor tor&#225;cica nas &#250;ltimas 48 horas, arritmias complexas).</p>
      </list-item>
      <list-item>
        <p> Pacientes que realizaram tratamento do(s) vaso(s) acometido(s) por meio de cirurgia ou angioplastia antes da realiza&#231;&#227;o da cintilografia.</p>
      </list-item>
      <list-item>
        <p> Contraindica&#231;&#227;o ao dipiridamol.</p>
      </list-item>
      <list-item>
        <p> Fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial.</p>
      </list-item>
      <list-item>
        <p> Asma/bronquite.</p>
      </list-item>
      <list-item>
        <p> Uso de cafe&#237;na ou xantinas nas 24 horas pr&#233;vias a realiza&#231;&#227;o do exame. </p>
      </list-item>
    </list>
    <p>Todos os pacientes receberam explica&#231;&#227;o sobre o estudo e assinaram termo de consentimento informado antes do in&#237;cio do trabalho. O estudo teve in&#237;cio ap&#243;s submiss&#227;o e aprova&#231;&#227;o do comit&#234; de &#233;tica e pesquisa local.</p>
    <p>O resultado das CPM em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; presen&#231;a de altera&#231;&#245;es perfusionais, como a presen&#231;a de isquemia, e sua magnitude (intensidade e extens&#227;o) de forma qualitativa (discreta, moderada e grave) foram analisados. Al&#233;m disso, foram verificadas as altera&#231;&#245;es funcionais, como dilata&#231;&#227;o da cavidade do VE ap&#243;s o estresse (sendo considerado an&#225;lise visual mais quantitativa, TID &gt; 1,23), queda da fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do VE ap&#243;s estresse em compara&#231;&#227;o ao repouso superior a 5%, presen&#231;a de capta&#231;&#227;o pulmonar do radiof&#225;rmaco ap&#243;s o estresse e altera&#231;&#245;es segmentares da contratilidade e do espessamento sist&#243;lico, mesmo na aus&#234;ncia de altera&#231;&#245;es da perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica. </p>
    <p>A an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica foi realizada pelos testes do qui-quadrado de Pearson, teste exato de Fisher, T de <italic>Student</italic> e o n&#227;o param&#233;trico de Mann-Whitney. A &#250;nica vari&#225;vel cont&#237;nua comparada foi a idade, que n&#227;o rejeitou o teste de normalidade de <italic>Shapiro</italic>. Para a an&#225;lise inferencial, foi considerado um n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica<italic> de </italic>5% (<italic>p</italic> = 0,05) e todos os testes tiveram conclus&#227;o sob hip&#243;tese bicaudal. </p>
    <p>A especificidade n&#227;o foi calculada, pois n&#227;o houve um grupo controle de pacientes isentos de les&#227;o coronariana.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Resultados</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Quanto &#224;s caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nico-epidemiol&#243;gicas da popula&#231;&#227;o, dos 68 pacientes inclu&#237;dos no estudo, a maioria era do sexo masculino (66,2%). As caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas est&#227;o demonstradas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="tab01">Tabela 1</xref>.</p>
    <table-wrap id="tab01">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-97-03-0194-00082-gt01.jpg"/></table-wrap>
    <p>Quanto aos achados da cintilografia com <italic>gated-SPECT</italic>, dos 68 pacientes avaliados, 64 (92,8%; IC 84,86 - 98,10) apresentaram altera&#231;&#227;o na perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica e 4 (7,2%; IC 1,90 - 15,13) apresentaram perfus&#227;o normal, sendo que, destes, tr&#234;s apresentaram altera&#231;&#245;es funcionais (chamamos de crit&#233;rios de mau progn&#243;stico) na an&#225;lise do <italic>gated-SPECT</italic>. Dos 64 pacientes com altera&#231;&#227;o perfusional, 61 (95,3%) tamb&#233;m apresentaram crit&#233;rios de mau progn&#243;stico (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig01">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
    <fig id="fig01">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-97-03-0194-00082-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>Apenas um (1,5%; IC 1,13 - 13,18) paciente apresentou tanto a perfus&#227;o quanto os par&#226;metros funcionais normais.</p>
    <p>Ao analisar os crit&#233;rios de mau progn&#243;stico, foram encontrados 25 pacientes (39,1%) com queda maior que 5% da fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do VE (FEVE), 57 (82,6%) com altera&#231;&#227;o no espessamento sist&#243;lico em ao menos uma das paredes do VE, 45 (65,2%) com dilata&#231;&#227;o transit&#243;ria do VE ap&#243;s o estresse e tr&#234;s (4,3%) com capta&#231;&#227;o pulmonar do radiof&#225;rmaco. </p>
    <p>Quanto &#224;s vari&#225;veis que pudessem influenciar na presen&#231;a dos crit&#233;rios de mau progn&#243;stico, n&#227;o foi encontrado associa&#231;&#227;o estat&#237;stica com os fatores de risco para doen&#231;a cardiovascular que explicassem estes achados (<xref ref-type="table" rid="tab02">Tabela 2</xref>). Tamb&#233;m n&#227;o se verificou associa&#231;&#227;o entre esses achados funcionais no <italic>gated-SPECT</italic> e as altera&#231;&#245;es importantes da anatomia coronariana, como, por exemplo, presen&#231;a de les&#227;o grave em ter&#231;o proximal da art&#233;ria descendente anterior ou no tronco da coron&#225;ria esquerda. </p>
    <table-wrap id="tab02">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-97-03-0194-00082-gt02.jpg"/></table-wrap>
    <p>A avalia&#231;&#227;o da presen&#231;a dos achados da perfus&#227;o foi realizada apenas em "presente" ou "ausente", n&#227;o sendo feita a an&#225;lise por territ&#243;rio arterial. Do total, 27 pacientes apresentaram m&#250;ltiplos defeitos perfusionais.</p>
    <p>A sensibilidade do m&#233;todo na detec&#231;&#227;o de qualquer anormalidade no <italic>gated-SPECT </italic>foi de 88,40% (IC 95%; 78,4-94,90) quando se avaliaram defeitos perfusionais e funcionais.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Discuss&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>A CPM &#233; um m&#233;todo diagn&#243;stico n&#227;o invasivo bem estabelecido no diagn&#243;stico de DAC e na estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco cardiovascular. Um de seus objetivos &#233; identificar a presen&#231;a de isquemia mioc&#225;rdica, de forma direta, pela presen&#231;a de altera&#231;&#227;o da perfus&#227;o ap&#243;s o estresse, ou indireta, atrav&#233;s dos achados funcionais sugestivos de isquemia induzida pelo estresse. </p>
    <p>A principal informa&#231;&#227;o que tal exame oferece &#233; a hipocapta&#231;&#227;o relativa do radiof&#225;rmaco ap&#243;s o estresse de uma das paredes do mioc&#225;rdio em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s demais e ao estudo basal. Quando presente, tal achado sugere a exist&#234;ncia de isquemia mioc&#225;rdica naquela parede<sup>14</sup>.</p>
    <p>Entretanto, a d&#250;vida de se, na DAC multiarterial que afeta todos os leitos vasculares, o grau de isquemia poderia ser subestimado devido &#224; hipoperfus&#227;o ser balanceada (j&#225; que todas as paredes do mioc&#225;rdio receberiam menos sangue marcado com o radiof&#225;rmaco) persiste. Nessa situa&#231;&#227;o, n&#227;o haveria segmentos de refer&#234;ncia normais na cintilografia para comparar com os segmentos supridos por vasos estenosados. E todos os segmentos se mostrariam iguais.</p>
    <p> Por&#233;m, a partir de 1997, com a evolu&#231;&#227;o t&#233;cnica trazida pelo <italic>gated-SPECT,</italic> o estudo da perfus&#227;o passou a ser sincronizado ao eletrocardiograma, obtendo-se tamb&#233;m informa&#231;&#245;es funcionais, como a an&#225;lise da contratilidade e do espessamento sist&#243;licos global e regional nas etapas basal e ap&#243;s o estresse<sup>9</sup>. Outras informa&#231;&#245;es importantes adicionadas foram os &#237;ndices de FEVE basal e ap&#243;s o estresse. Quando h&#225; queda da FEVE superior a 5% ap&#243;s o estresse em rela&#231;&#227;o ao basal, tamb&#233;m se pode pensar em isquemia induzida pelo estresse<sup>14</sup>. </p>
    <p>Shirai e cols.<sup>13 </sup>demonstraram que a altera&#231;&#227;o de contratilidade aumenta a sensibilidade para a detec&#231;&#227;o de pacientes multiarteriais, quando comparado com a altera&#231;&#227;o de perfus&#227;o isolada, corroborando os dos dados do presente estudo<sup>13</sup>. Nesse mesmo estudo, o m&#233;todo mostrou-se seguro para ser realizado em pacientes portadores de DAC multiarterial, j&#225; que n&#227;o houve eventos como IAM ou morte. </p>
    <p>Nesse c&#244;mputo, destacam-se os achados que, mesmo diante de imagens de perfus&#227;o normais, podem significar doen&#231;a multiarterial e mau progn&#243;stico. Estudos publicados previamente mostram que a CPM pela t&#233;cnica de <italic>gated-SPECT</italic> pode adicionar valor progn&#243;stico e diagn&#243;stico &#224;s imagens apenas da perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica<sup>5,15-18</sup>.</p>
    <p>Dos achados funcionais obtidos pelo <italic>gated-SPECT</italic>, destacam-se a capta&#231;&#227;o pulmonar e a dilata&#231;&#227;o transit&#243;ria isqu&#234;mica do VE durante o estresse. </p>
    <p>A capta&#231;&#227;o pulmonar significa que uma substancial quantidade do radiof&#225;rmaco &#233; aparente nos ramos pulmonares durante o estresse, estando ausentes no repouso. Ela demonstra que o paciente pode ser portador de doen&#231;a multiarterial, al&#233;m de apresentar eleva&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial pulmonar durante o esfor&#231;o.</p>
    <p>A dilata&#231;&#227;o transit&#243;ria do VE refere-se a um padr&#227;o de imagem em que esta cavidade parece maior durante o estresse em compara&#231;&#227;o ao repouso. Em pacientes onde todo o VE parece mais dilatado no estresse, &#233; prov&#225;vel que haja associa&#231;&#227;o com isquemia extensa e disfun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica p&#243;s-isquemia prolongada, resultando em disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda ap&#243;s o estresse, sem que esta esteja presente na fase basal. </p>
    <p>Chama-se aten&#231;&#227;o para a possibilidade de a silhueta epic&#225;rdica parecer similar tanto no estresse quanto no repouso, associado &#224; dilata&#231;&#227;o do VE. Tal achado poderia significar a presen&#231;a de isquemia subendoc&#225;rdica difusa, que tamb&#233;m estaria associada &#224; DAC mais extensa, e, portanto, mais grave. A presen&#231;a desses dois achados classifica o paciente como de alto risco para eventos cardiovasculares<sup>19,20</sup>.</p>
    <p>No presente estudo, apenas um paciente dos 68 analisados n&#227;o mostrou altera&#231;&#245;es da perfus&#227;o ou da fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular pela t&#233;cnica de <italic>gated-SPECT</italic>. Ao verificar a anatomia coronariana do paciente, percebemos que as les&#245;es nos tr&#234;s vasos ocasionavam estenoses entre 50-70% de sua luz. </p>
    <p>Lima e cols<sup>5</sup> estudaram 143 pacientes triarteriais, comparados com 112 controles sem les&#227;o coron&#225;ria, uni ou biarteriais, e conclu&#237;ram que a combina&#231;&#227;o de altera&#231;&#227;o perfusional com a an&#225;lise funcional aumenta a sensibilidade (88%) para detectar doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria grave. Esses dados corroboram a sensibilidade encontrada em nosso estudo.</p>
    <p>Como limita&#231;&#245;es do presente estudo, est&#225; o fato de que apenas um paciente apresentou a CPM completamente normal (tanto altera&#231;&#245;es perfusionais quanto funcionais). Os demais pacientes, que apresentaram perfus&#227;o normal e que eram portadores de doen&#231;a multiarterial, foram identificados pela presen&#231;a de altera&#231;&#245;es funcionais. Al&#233;m do fato do n&#250;mero de pacientes inclu&#237;dos ser igual a 68.</p>
    <p>A principal dificuldade na inclus&#227;o de pacientes foi o n&#227;o comparecimento na data agendada. Outras dificuldades foram: o fato da an&#225;lise da CPM ter sido feita apenas de forma qualitativa, segundo a rotina do servi&#231;o no momento em que o trabalho foi realizado, n&#227;o sendo avaliada a porcentagem de &#225;rea acometida; ter sido avaliada apenas a presen&#231;a ou n&#227;o de isquemia, sem a correla&#231;&#227;o com o territ&#243;rio arterial, por&#233;m, dados da literatura mostram que poucos (13-50%) pacientes multiarteriais t&#234;m altera&#231;&#227;o perfusional em m&#250;ltiplos territ&#243;rios<sup>13,21,22</sup>. </p>
    <p>Esperamos provar com este material que, conforme o observado no grupo de pacientes estudados, a cintilografia mioc&#225;rdica pela t&#233;cnica de <italic>gated-SPECT </italic>consegue, de forma satisfat&#243;ria, identificar altera&#231;&#227;o da perfus&#227;o nos pacientes com acometimento multivascular, principalmente se associando as informa&#231;&#245;es perfusionais &#224;s funcionais.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Conclus&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>os resultados obtidos sugerem que a CPM &#233; um m&#233;todo diagn&#243;stico n&#227;o invasivo de grande valor na identifica&#231;&#227;o de pacientes portadores de doen&#231;a multiarterial, sendo que, em sua maioria, foram detectados pela presen&#231;a de altera&#231;&#245;es perfusionais. Aqueles com perfus&#227;o considerada normal foram identificados pelos achados de mau progn&#243;stico oferecidos pela an&#225;lise funcional da t&#233;cnica de <italic>gated-SPECT</italic>.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesses</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
    </p>
    <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
    </p>
    <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>
      <fn id="nt" fn-type="corresp">
        <p>Correspond&#234;ncia:</p>
        <p> Maria Eduarda Menezes de Siqueira </p>
        <p> Alameda dos Jurupis, 856 &#150; Moema </p>
        <p> 04088-002 &#150; S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#150; Brasil </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p><email xlink:href="dadasiqueira@yahoo.com.br">dadasiqueira@yahoo.com.br</email>, </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="crissouza80@hotmail.com">crissouza80@hotmail.com</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p>Artigo recebido em 21/12/10; revisado recebido em 21/12/10; aceito em 13/04/11.</p>
    <p>Full texts in English - <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.arquivosonline.com.br">http://www.arquivosonline.com.br</ext-link></p>
  </body>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Diagnostic value of myocardial radionuclide imaging in patients with multivessel coronary disease</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>BACKGROUND: Myocardial perfusion radionuclide imaging (MPRI) is a noninvasive method extremely useful for evaluating ischemia in patients with coronary disease. However, the idea that this method would not be effective for patients with multivessel coronary disease is still entertained. OBJECTIVE: Assess the value of MPRI with gated-SPECT for tracing pharmacological stress-induced ischemia in patients with multivessel obstructive coronary disease. METHODS: We evaluated 68 patients with multivessel obstructive coronary disease applying coronary angiography for performing MPRI under pharmacologic stress with dipyridamole. The tests were analyzed by two nuclear medicine physicians without prior knowledge of the result of the coronary angiography. RESULTS: Gated-SPECT revealed that, out of the patients, 64 (92.8%) showed images of perfusion abnormalities and 4 (7.2%) showed normal perfusion, given that three of the latter showed functional changes. CONCLUSION: MPRI has shown high value for identifying patients with multivessel coronary disease, since most patients had perfusion abnormalities indicative of ischemia.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Myocardial reperfusion</kwd>
        <kwd>coronary artery disease</kwd>
        <kwd>radionuclide imaging</kwd>
        <kwd>dipyridamole</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p><undefined id="tx-body2"/>Diagnostic value of myocardial radionuclide imaging in patients with multivessel coronary disease</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Maria Eduarda Menezes de Siqueira; Erly Medeiros Vieira Segundo Neto; Juliana Fernandes Kelendjian; Paola Emanuela Pogio Smanio</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</p>
      <p>Mailing address</p>
      <p>
        <bold>ABSTRACT</bold>
      </p>
      <p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Myocardial perfusion radionuclide imaging (MPRI) is a noninvasive method extremely useful for evaluating ischemia in patients with coronary disease. However, the idea that this method would not be effective for patients with multivessel coronary disease is still entertained. </p>
      <p><bold>OBJECTIVE: </bold> Assess the value of MPRI with gated-SPECT for tracing pharmacological stress-induced ischemia in patients with multivessel obstructive coronary disease.</p>
      <p><bold>METHODS: </bold> We evaluated 68 patients with multivessel obstructive coronary disease applying coronary angiography for performing MPRI under pharmacologic stress with dipyridamole. The tests were analyzed by two nuclear medicine physicians without prior knowledge of the result of the coronary angiography.</p>
      <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold> Gated-SPECT revealed that, out of the patients, 64 (92.8%) showed images of perfusion abnormalities and 4 (7.2%) showed normal perfusion, given that three of the latter showed functional changes.</p>
      <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold> MPRI has shown high value for identifying patients with multivessel coronary disease, since most patients had perfusion abnormalities indicative of ischemia. </p>
      <p><bold>Keywords: </bold> Myocardial reperfusion; coronary artery disease / radionuclide imaging; radionuclide imaging / diagnostic use; dipyridamole.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Introduction</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, mainly the coronary artery disease (CAD)<sup>1</sup>, the early detection of which allows prompt treatment and change in the prognosis. </p>
      <p>According to the physiological principles of ischemic cascades, changes in myocardial perfusion are the first events in episodes of ischemia. This fact explains the relevance of methods for assessing perfusion abnormalities (blood flow and flow reserve), using information from noninvasive methods. Among the patients with CAD, those with lesions of the left coronary artery trunk and multivessel disease undergo the highest risk of adverse events<sup>2,3</sup>.</p>
      <p>The main objective of noninvasive diagnostic methods is to identify the higher risk group, where coronary artery bypass grafting improves symptoms and survival<sup>4</sup>. The myocardial perfusion radionuclide imaging (MPRI) is important since it detects changes to myocardial perfusion and left ventricular function, helping in CAD diagnosis, thus showing great value in clinical decisions<sup>5,6</sup>.</p>
      <p>Studies in the 80s already showed that the extent of perfusion abnormalities via MPRI holds an important association with adverse events (cardiac death and nonfatal acute myocardial infarction). In effect, the risk of cardiac death or AMI in patients with chest pain and suspected CAD increases with the number of segments showing reversible hypoperfusion indicative of ischemia<sup>7</sup>. This concept applies not only to exercise stress MPRI, but also to the wide spectrum of nuclear medicine procedures with pharmacological stress<sup>8</sup>.</p>
      <p>Earlier, when some method delivered only myocardial perfusion information, which included relative assessment of the perfusion in one wall compared to the other walls, the idea that MPRI would underestimate or fail to identify perfusion abnormalities was usually accepted when multiple artery irrigation territories were compromised (the so-called balanced uptake)<sup>9</sup>. In the cases of triple vessel disease of equal severity, homogeneous hypoperfusion was believed to happen, leading to wrong negative results in tests. </p>
      <p>Nonetheless, this fact is unusual, as finding multiple coronary lesions with the same degree of stenosis is extremely rare. If existing, stenosis is not expected to lead to the same regional flow reduction. Differences of regional flow in vessels with stenosis of similar severity are connected to collateral circulation, compression forces and other mechanisms not identified yet<sup>10</sup>. The world literature makes few references to balanced uptake<sup>5</sup>.</p>
      <p>With the advent of image synchronization of electrocardiogram perfusion (gated-SPECT technique), one may evaluate left ventricle (LV) function and detect regional changes in systolic contractility and thickening, increasing the accuracy in the detection of high risk cardiovascular disease<sup>11-13</sup>.</p>
      <p>Our hypothesis is that gated-SPECT MPRI has great sensitivity in detecting patients with multiple vessel territories.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Objectives</bold>
      </p>
      <p>This study primarily targets at assessing the value of gated-SPECT MPRI for tracing pharmacological stress-induced ischemia in patients with dipyridamole in a group of patients diagnosed with multivessel obstructive coronary disease through cardiac catheterization. </p>
      <p>Secondarily, we intend to ascertain the additional value of functional variables employing gated-SPECT for identifying patients with multivessel obstruction who may have normal myocardial perfusion.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Methods</bold>
      </p>
      <p>It is a cross-sectional study including a group of 68 patients subject to cardiac catheterization at Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, from December 2009 to September 2010, with diagnosis of obstructive coronary disease higher than 50% in three epicardial vessels of different vessel territories, including the following three items: 1) anterior descending artery or one of its diagonal branches, provided they have great caliper and anatomic importance, 2) circumflex artery or one of the marginal branches, provided they have great caliper and anatomic importance, 3) right coronary artery.</p>
      <p>After the patients were selected, they underwent gated-SPECT MPRI using the radiopharmaceutical drug <sup>99m</sup>Tc-sestamibi associated with pharmacological stress with dipyridamole over the standard protocol of two days. The administered dose of dipyridamole was 0.56 mg/kg/min over 4 minutes, and 0.31 mCi/kg of MIBI-<sup>99m</sup>Tc injected in the second minute after the end of intravenous infusion of dipyridamole. </p>
      <p>The images were acquired on gamma camera Millennium VG (GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, USA), equipped with two scintillation detectors, angled 90 degrees, with high resolution and low energy parallel-hole collimators. Images were acquired 60 minutes after the injection of radiopharmaceutical drug on the two phases (baseline and after dipyridamole). The adverse effects during administration of dipyridamole were promptly reversed with intravenous aminophylline at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg/min. The radionuclide images were processed by software QGS for perfusion and QPS for analysis of ventricular function. The analysis of perfusion images employed standard qualitative evaluation.</p>
      <p>All patients underwent MPRI up to 60 days after cardiac catheterization, before treatment of coronary lesions by surgery or angioplasty, and the therapeutic procedure was not postponed due to the performance of the test. Patients were referred to the test as suggested by assistant physician. The images were evaluated by two nuclear medicine expert physicians without prior knowledge of the results of catheterization. </p>
      <p>Beta blockers and vasodilators were stopped over 24 hours, according to local standardized routine.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Inclusion criteria:</bold>
      </p>
      <list list-type="bullet">
        <list-item>
          <p> Patients with obstructive coronary lesions higher than 50% in three coronary arteries confirmed by cardiac catheterization.</p>
        </list-item>
      </list>
      <p>
        <bold>Exclusion criteria:</bold>
      </p>
      <list list-type="bullet">
        <list-item>
          <p> Patients with clinical or hemodynamic instability (chest pain over the last 48 hours, complex arrhythmias).</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p> Patients who underwent treatment of vessel(s) affected by surgery or angioplasty before radionuclide imaging.</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p> Contraindication to dipyridamole.</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p> Atrial fibrillation.</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p> Asthma/bronchitis.</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p> Use of caffeine or xanthine over the 24 hours before the test. </p>
        </list-item>
      </list>
      <p>All patients were informed about the study and signed informed consent before the work has been started. The study began after submission and approval of the ethics committee and local research.</p>
      <p>The results of MPRI's relating to perfusion abnormalities, such as ischemia, and its magnitude (intensity and extent) in a qualitative fashion (mild, moderate and severe) were analyzed. In addition to this, functional changes were observed, such as LV cavity dilation after stress (considering the more quantitative visual analysis, TID &gt; 1.23), drop in LV ejection fraction after stress compared to rest higher than 5%, presence of pulmonary uptake of radiopharmaceutical drug after stress and segmental changes to systolic contractility and thickening, even in absence of myocardial perfusion abnormalities. </p>
      <p>The statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's chi-square tests, Fisher's exact test, Student's T-test and the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test. The only continuous variable compared was the age, which did not reject the Shapiro normality test. A significance level of 5% (p = 0.05) was considered for inferential analysis. All tests had conclusion with two-tailed hypothesis. </p>
      <p>The specificity was not calculated as there was no control group of patients without coronary lesion.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Results</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Regarding the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the population, most participants out of the 68 patients were male (66.2%). The demographic characteristics are shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="tab01-body2">Table 1</xref>.</p>
      <table-wrap id="tab01-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-97-03-0194-00082-gt01-en.jpg"/></table-wrap>
      <p>Referring to the gated-SPECT radionuclide imaging findings, 64 out of the 68 patients (92.8%; IC 84.86 - 98.10) showed myocardial perfusion abnormalities and 4 (7.2%; IC 1.90 &#150; 15.13) showed normal perfusion, and, among the latter, three showed functional changes (we refer to it as poor prognosis criteria) in the gated-SPECT analysis). 61 out of the 64 patients with perfusion abnormality (95.3%) also had poor prognosis criteria (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig01-body2">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
      <fig id="fig01-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-97-03-0194-00082-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>Only one (1.5%; IC 1.13 - 13.18) patient had normal perfusion and functional parameters.</p>
      <p>When analyzing poor prognosis criteria, 25 patients (39.1%) were found with a drop in LV ejection fraction (LVEF) higher than 5%, 57 (82.6%) with abnormal systolic thickening in at least one the LV walls, 45 (65.2%) with LV transient dilation after stress and three (4.3%) with pulmonary uptake of radiopharmaceutical drug. </p>
      <p>Regarding the variables which could influence the presence of poor prognosis criteria, statistical association with risk factors for cardiovascular disease was not found to explain these findings (<xref ref-type="table" rid="tab02-body2">Table 2</xref>). Moreover, these functional findings with gated-SPECT were not associated with important changes to coronary anatomy such as, for instance, presence of severe lesion in the proximal 1/3 of the anterior descending artery or on the left coronary artery trunk. </p>
      <table-wrap id="tab02-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-97-03-0194-00082-gt02-en.jpg"/></table-wrap>
      <p>The assessment of presence relating to perfusion findings considered only "present" or "absent," and there was no analysis per artery territory. Out of the total, 27 patients showed multiple perfusion defects.</p>
      <p>The sensitivity of the method to detect any abnormality on gated-SPECT was 88.40% (IC 95%; 78.4 - 94.90) when perfusion and functional defects were evaluated.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Discussion</bold>
      </p>
      <p>MPRI is a noninvasive diagnostic method well established in the diagnosis of CAD and cardiovascular risk stratification. One of its objectives is to identify the presence of myocardial ischemia, either directly, by the presence of perfusion changes after stress, or indirectly through the functional findings indicative of stress-induced ischemia. </p>
      <p>The main information delivered by this test is the relative uptake of the radiopharmaceutical after stress on one of the myocardium walls relating to the other and the baseline study. When present, this finding suggests the existence of myocardial ischemia on that wall<sup>14</sup>.</p>
      <p>However, the doubt on whether, in multivessel CAD affecting all vascular beds, the degree of ischemia could be underestimated due to the balanced hypoperfusion (since all myocardial walls would receive less blood labeled with the radiopharmaceutical drug) persists. In this situation, there would be no normal reference segments in radionuclide imaging to be compared with the segments fed by stenosed vessels. And all the segments would be found in similar status.</p>
      <p> Nonetheless, since 1997, with the technical development brought by gated-SPECT, the perfusion study has become synchronized to electrocardiogram, also delivering functional information, such as the analysis of global and regional systolic contractility and thickening at baseline and post-stress stages<sup>9</sup>. Other important information added was baseline and post-stress LVEF. If there is drop in LVEF higher than 5% after stress compared to baseline, stress-induced ischemia may also be evoked<sup>14</sup>. </p>
      <p>Shirai et al<sup>13</sup> showed that the change in contractility increases sensitivity for detection for patients with multivessel coronary disease compared to perfusion abnormality only, underpinning the data of this study<sup>13</sup>. Also in this study, the method was found safe for multivessel CAD patients, as there were no AMI or death events. </p>
      <p>In this scenario, there were significant findings where, even normal perfusion images may indicate multivessel disease and poor prognosis. Previous studies show that gated-SPECT MPRI may add prognostic and diagnostic value to myocardial perfusion images only<sup>5,15-18</sup>.</p>
      <p>Functional findings with gated-SPECT include pulmonary uptake and transient ischemic dilation of the LV during stress. </p>
      <p>The pulmonary uptake means that a substantial amount of the radiopharmaceutical drug is apparent in the pulmonary branches during stress, and absent during rest. It shows the possibility of multivessel disease in patients, besides high of pulmonary arterial pressure during the stress.</p>
      <p>Transient LV dilation refers to a pattern of image in which this cavity seems larger during stress compared to rest. In patients where the whole LV seems more dilated in stress, there is probable association with extensive ischemia and systolic dysfunction after prolonged ischemia, resulting in left ventricular dysfunction after stress, without presence of it in baseline phase. </p>
      <p>It is worth to note the possibility of epicardial silhouette to look similar both in stress and at rest, associated with LV dilation. This finding may reveal the presence of diffuse subendocardial ischemia, which would also be associated with more extensive CAD, and, therefore, more severe. The presence of these two findings shows that the patient has high risk for cardiovascular events<sup>19,20</sup>.</p>
      <p>In this study, only one out of the 68 patients analyzed showed no perfusion or ventricular function abnormalities applying gated-SPECT technique. When checking the patient's coronary anatomy, we realize that the lesions caused to three vessels led to stenosis between 50-70% of its light. </p>
      <p>Lima et al<sup>5</sup> studies 143 patients with three-vessel diseases with 112 controls with no coronary lesions, whether unilateral or bilateral, and concluded that the combination of perfusion abnormality and functional analysis increases the sensitivity (88%) to detect severe coronary disease. This data confirm the sensitivity found in our study.</p>
      <p>One of the limitations of this study is the fact that only one patient had a completely normal MPRI (for both perfusion and functional abnormalities). The other patients who presented normal perfusion and that suffered from multivessel disease were identified by the presence of functional changes. Besides this, there was the number of 68 patients.</p>
      <p>The main difficulty in the inclusion of patients was the failure to attend on the scheduled date. Other difficulties were: the MPRI analysis was only qualitative, in accordance with service routine by the time the work was performed, and, thus, the percentage of the area affected was not evaluated; only the presence or absence of ischemia was evaluated, with no correlation to the artery territory, although literature data show few (13-50%) multivessel coronary disease patients with perfusion abnormality in multiple territories<sup>13,21,22</sup>. </p>
      <p>We hope to prove with this study that, as we observe the patients studied, the gated-SPECT myocardial radionuclide imaging is able to satisfactorily identify perfusion abnormalities in patients with multivessel involvement, particularly by associating perfusion and functional information.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Conclusion</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The results suggest that MPRI is a noninvasive diagnostic method of great value in identifying patients with multivessel disease, who were mostly detected by the presence of perfusion abnormalities. Those with normal perfusion were identified by the findings of poor prognosis ascertained by functional analysis employing gated-SPECT technique.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
      </p>
      <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
      </p>
      <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Study Association</bold>
      </p>
      <p>This study is not associated with any post-graduation program.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
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