<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" specific-use="sps-1.9" dtd-version="1.1" xml:lang="pt" article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">Z463xHNMNt78qz3xVYww8Jn</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00002</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2011001200002</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(11)09700302</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2011005000086</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Especial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Pesquisadores do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e Tecnol&#243;gico na &#225;rea de Cardiologia</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Eduardo Araujo de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Antonio Luiz Pinho</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Quirino</surname>
            <given-names>Isabel Gomes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Christina Lopes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Martelli</surname>
            <given-names>Daniella Reis</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lima</surname>
            <given-names>Leonardo Santos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Colosimo</surname>
            <given-names>Enrico Antonio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lopes</surname>
            <given-names>Thais Junqueira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Cristina Sim&#245;es</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Martelli-Junior</surname>
            <given-names>Herc&#237;lio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">Minas Gerais</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais</institution>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff02">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Montes Claro</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">Minas Gerais</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros</institution>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2011</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>97</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>186</fpage>
      <lpage>193</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>06</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2011</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>18</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2011</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2011</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>FUNDAMENTO: Avalia&#231;&#245;es sistem&#225;ticas da pesquisa cient&#237;fica podem otimizar aloca&#231;&#245;es de recursos financeiros e aumentar a produtividade em pesquisa no Brasil. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o perfil e a produ&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica de pesquisadores na &#225;rea de Cardiologia, que possuem bolsas de produtividade cient&#237;fica em Medicina fornecida pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e Tecnol&#243;gico. M&#201;TODOS: O curr&#237;culo Lattes de 33 pesquisadores com bolsas ativas no tri&#234;nio 2006 a 2008 foram inclu&#237;dos na an&#225;lise. As vari&#225;veis de interesse foram: sexo, institui&#231;&#227;o, tempo de doutoramento, orienta&#231;&#227;o de alunos de gradua&#231;&#227;o, mestres e doutores, artigos publicados e seu impacto. RESULTADOS: Houve uma predomin&#226;ncia do g&#234;nero masculino (74,4%) e de bolsistas na categoria 2 (57,6%). Quatro institui&#231;&#245;es foram respons&#225;veis por 70,0% dos pesquisadores: USP (13; 39,4%), UNESP (5; 15,2%), UFRGS (4; 12,1%) e UNIFESP (3; 9,1%). No total da carreira acad&#234;mica, os pesquisadores em Cardiologia publicaram 2.958 artigos em peri&#243;dicos, sendo a m&#233;dia de 89 artigos por pesquisador. Desse total, 55,0% e 75,0% foram artigos indexados nas bases de dados Web of Science e Scopus, respectivamente. Os pesquisadores receberam um total de 19.648 cita&#231;&#245;es na base de dados Web of Science, sendo a mediana por pesquisador de 330 cita&#231;&#245;es. A m&#233;dia de cita&#231;&#245;es por artigo foi de 13,5 cita&#231;&#245;es (DP = 11,6). CONCLUS&#195;O: Nosso estudo mostrou que os pesquisadores na &#225;rea de Cardiologia apresentam uma produ&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica relevante. O conhecimento do perfil dos pesquisadores da &#225;rea de Cardiologia possivelmente permitir&#225; estrat&#233;gias efetivas para incentivar a produ&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica dos pesquisadores brasileiros.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt" kwd-group-type="author-generated">
        <kwd>Indicadores bibliom&#233;tricos</kwd>
        <kwd>publica&#231;&#245;es cient&#237;ficas e t&#233;cnicas</kwd>
        <kwd>cardiologia</kwd>
        <kwd>educa&#231;&#227;o de p&#243;s gradua&#231;&#227;o em medicina</kwd>
        <kwd>ci&#234;ncias da sa&#250;de</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>12</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2011</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Pesquisadores do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e Tecnol&#243;gico na &#225;rea de Cardiologia</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Eduardo Araujo de Oliveira<sup>I</sup>; Antonio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro<sup>I</sup>; Isabel Gomes Quirino<sup>I</sup>; Maria Christina Lopes Oliveira<sup>I</sup>; Daniella Reis Martelli<sup>II</sup>; Leonardo Santos Lima<sup>II</sup>; Enrico Antonio Colosimo<sup>I</sup>; Thais Junqueira Lopes<sup>I</sup>; Ana Cristina Sim&#245;es Silva<sup>I</sup>; Herc&#237;lio Martelli-Junior<sup>II</sup></bold>
    </p>
    <p><sup>I</sup>Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte</p>
    <p><sup>II</sup>Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claro, MG, Brasil</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="nt">Correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>RESUMO</bold>
    </p>
    <p><bold>FUNDAMENTO:</bold> Avalia&#231;&#245;es sistem&#225;ticas da pesquisa cient&#237;fica podem otimizar aloca&#231;&#245;es de recursos financeiros e aumentar a produtividade em pesquisa no Brasil.</p>
    <p><bold>OBJETIVO:</bold> O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o perfil e a produ&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica de pesquisadores na &#225;rea de Cardiologia, que possuem bolsas de produtividade cient&#237;fica em Medicina fornecida pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e Tecnol&#243;gico.</p>
    <p><bold>M&#201;TODOS:</bold> O curr&#237;culo Lattes de 33 pesquisadores com bolsas ativas no tri&#234;nio 2006 a 2008 foram inclu&#237;dos na an&#225;lise. As vari&#225;veis de interesse foram: sexo, institui&#231;&#227;o, tempo de doutoramento, orienta&#231;&#227;o de alunos de gradua&#231;&#227;o, mestres e doutores, artigos publicados e seu impacto.</p>
    <p><bold>RESULTADOS:</bold> Houve uma predomin&#226;ncia do g&#234;nero masculino (74,4%) e de bolsistas na categoria 2 (57,6%). Quatro institui&#231;&#245;es foram respons&#225;veis por 70,0% dos pesquisadores: USP (13; 39,4%), UNESP (5; 15,2%), UFRGS (4; 12,1%) e UNIFESP (3; 9,1%). No total da carreira acad&#234;mica, os pesquisadores em Cardiologia publicaram 2.958 artigos em peri&#243;dicos, sendo a m&#233;dia de 89 artigos por pesquisador. Desse total, 55,0% e 75,0% foram artigos indexados nas bases de dados <italic>Web of Science</italic> e Scopus, respectivamente. Os pesquisadores receberam um total de 19.648 cita&#231;&#245;es na base de dados <italic>Web of Science</italic>, sendo a mediana por pesquisador de 330 cita&#231;&#245;es. A m&#233;dia de cita&#231;&#245;es por artigo foi de 13,5 cita&#231;&#245;es (DP = 11,6).</p>
    <p><bold>CONCLUS&#195;O:</bold> Nosso estudo mostrou que os pesquisadores na &#225;rea de Cardiologia apresentam uma produ&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica relevante. O conhecimento do perfil dos pesquisadores da &#225;rea de Cardiologia possivelmente permitir&#225; estrat&#233;gias efetivas para incentivar a produ&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica dos pesquisadores brasileiros.</p>
    <p><bold>Palavras-chave:</bold> Indicadores bibliom&#233;tricos, publica&#231;&#245;es cient&#237;ficas e t&#233;cnicas, cardiologia, educa&#231;&#227;o de p&#243;s gradua&#231;&#227;o em medicina, ci&#234;ncias da sa&#250;de.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>O desenvolvimento da infraestrutura cient&#237;fica e tecnol&#243;gica e a expans&#227;o da comunidade acad&#234;mica brasileira s&#227;o acontecimentos relativamente recentes no pa&#237;s. Esse processo iniciou-se nas d&#233;cadas de 1950 e 1960, quando as mais importantes ag&#234;ncias p&#250;blicas de fomento &#224; Ci&#234;ncia e Tecnologia foram fundadas<sup>1</sup>. Nos &#250;ltimos anos, tem sido observado um expressivo aumento na forma&#231;&#227;o de novos pesquisadores e da produ&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica brasileira<sup>2</sup>. Concomitantemente, as publica&#231;&#245;es cient&#237;ficas por pesquisadores brasileiros em peri&#243;dicos indexados saltaram de 14.237 em 2003 para 30.415 em 2008, segundo dados da <italic>Thomson Reuters</italic><sup>3</sup>. </p>
    <p>A avalia&#231;&#227;o sistem&#225;tica de pesquisadores, peri&#243;dicos, universidades, institui&#231;&#245;es de pesquisa, regi&#245;es e pa&#237;ses &#233; uma atividade que, embora controversa, tem sido relevante para os cientistas e administradores<sup>4</sup>. Al&#233;m disso, as ag&#234;ncias de fomento precisam de avalia&#231;&#245;es sistem&#225;ticas para otimizar aloca&#231;&#245;es de recurso e definir estrat&#233;gias para os &#243;rg&#227;os de pesquisa, possibilitando a reestrutura&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa em dom&#237;nios espec&#237;ficos, ou o aumento da produtividade em pesquisa no pa&#237;s<sup>5</sup>. Neste contexto, assume import&#226;ncia a denominada bolsa de produtividade em pesquisa (PQ) do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e Tecnol&#243;gico (CNPq), incentivo este criado na d&#233;cada de 70. Essa bolsa foi concebida como uma forma de incentivo aos pesquisadores detentores de t&#237;tulo de doutor, e de destacada produ&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica em suas &#225;reas de atua&#231;&#227;o, para valoriza&#231;&#227;o de seu trabalho frente a seus pares. Sendo assim, o perfil dos atuais bolsistas PQ torna-se de interesse para toda comunidade cient&#237;fica<sup>6</sup>.</p>
    <p>V&#225;rios estudos t&#234;m analisado o perfil e a produ&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica dos pesquisadores do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e Tecnol&#243;gico (CNPq), em diversas &#225;reas do conhecimento<sup>6-10</sup>. Recentemente, avaliamos o perfil dos bolsistas de produtividade cient&#237;fica da &#225;rea de Medicina, comparando as diversas &#225;reas de atua&#231;&#227;o<sup>9,11</sup>. Entretanto, no escopo da &#225;rea de Cardiologia, os dados s&#227;o escassos.</p>
    <p>O presente estudo transversal tem como objetivo descrever as caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas e a produ&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica dos pesquisadores bolsistas em Medicina do CNPq, cuja principal &#225;rea de atua&#231;&#227;o &#233; a Cardiologia. </p>
    <p>
      <bold>M&#233;todos</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Participantes.</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Foi inicialmente constitu&#237;do um banco de dados com 411 pesquisadores registrados como bolsistas de produtividade cient&#237;fica do CNPq, de acordo com a lista fornecida pela ag&#234;ncia federal de fomento &#224; pesquisa em fevereiro de 2009. Foram exclu&#237;dos do banco de dados pesquisadores que se encontravam com bolsas suspensas, como nos casos de realiza&#231;&#227;o de p&#243;s-doutorado no exterior e os pesquisadores seniores<sup>11</sup>.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>&#193;rea de atua&#231;&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Para essa vari&#225;vel, foi considerada a &#225;rea especificamente atribu&#237;da pelo pesquisador no curr&#237;culo Lattes. Quando tal informa&#231;&#227;o era omissa, foi analisada pelos autores deste estudo a produ&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica nos &#250;ltimos 05 anos e atribu&#237;da uma &#225;rea na qual havia predomin&#226;ncia de temas publicados e/ou orientados. Em casos espec&#237;ficos de atua&#231;&#227;o em sub&#225;reas bem definidas, como por exemplo, Cardiologia Pedi&#225;trica, o pesquisador foi inserido na &#225;rea de Cardiologia e a sub&#225;rea de atua&#231;&#227;o foi considerada em uma vari&#225;vel &#224; parte. Seguindo essa metodologia, identificamos 33 pesquisadores com atua&#231;&#227;o na &#225;rea de Cardiologia.</p>
    <p>Desenho do estudo. Estudo transversal</p>
    <p> Protocolo de coleta dos dados</p>
    <p>A partir da identifica&#231;&#227;o dos bolsistas, foram sistematicamente consultados os curr&#237;culos Lattes disponibilizados publicamente na plataforma Lattes (CNPq) de todos os pesquisadores. A partir dos curr&#237;culos Lattes, foi constru&#237;do um banco de dados, com informa&#231;&#245;es relativas &#224; distribui&#231;&#227;o dos PQ por categoria (1A, 1B, 1C, 1D e 2), distribui&#231;&#227;o geogr&#225;fica e institucional, tempo de conclus&#227;o do curso de doutorado, produ&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica (artigos cient&#237;ficos) e forma&#231;&#227;o de recursos humanos (orienta&#231;&#227;o de inicia&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica, mestrado e doutorado). Para an&#225;lise da produ&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica, consideraram-se todas as publica&#231;&#245;es e orienta&#231;&#245;es durante o tempo de carreira do pesquisador, definido como o per&#237;odo compreendido entre o primeiro artigo cient&#237;fico publicado at&#233; a data de Dezembro de 2008. Foram tamb&#233;m analisadas as publica&#231;&#245;es e orienta&#231;&#245;es dos &#250;ltimos 05 anos, considerando o per&#237;odo 2004-2008.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Vari&#225;veis de interesse</bold>
    </p>
    <p>As seguintes vari&#225;veis foram analisadas: g&#234;nero, institui&#231;&#227;o do pesquisador, tempo de doutoramento, institui&#231;&#227;o de doutoramento, categoria da bolsa, orienta&#231;&#245;es de bolsistas de inicia&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica (BIC), de disserta&#231;&#245;es de mestrado e de teses de doutorado, e publica&#231;&#245;es em peri&#243;dicos. </p>
    <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s orienta&#231;&#245;es e publica&#231;&#245;es, foram avaliados os valores absolutos de toda a carreira cient&#237;fica e os valores referentes ao per&#237;odo 2004-2008 conforme descritas no curr&#237;culo Lattes. Al&#233;m disso, foram computadas as orienta&#231;&#245;es e publica&#231;&#245;es ajustadas pelo tempo de doutoramento do pesquisador. Foram tamb&#233;m pesquisadas as bases de dados <italic>Web of Science Thomson - ISI - Institute for Scientific Information </italic>- (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://apps.isiknowledge.com/">http://apps.isiknowledge.com/</ext-link>) e <italic>Scopus</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.scopus.com/home.url">http://www.scopus.com/home.url</ext-link>). Ambas foram consultadas atrav&#233;s do s&#237;tio eletr&#244;nico da CAPES (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://novo.periodicos.capes.gov.br/">http://novo.periodicos.capes.gov.br/</ext-link>). Nessas bases de dados, foram pesquisados os artigos cient&#237;ficos publicados pelos pesquisadores listados na base do CNPq. O nome cient&#237;fico do pesquisador utilizado nessa investiga&#231;&#227;o foi aquele fornecido no curr&#237;culo Lattes. Uma pesquisa sistem&#225;tica das poss&#237;veis varia&#231;&#245;es dos nomes para cita&#231;&#227;o dos pesquisadores tamb&#233;m foi realizada.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</bold>
    </p>
    <p>O banco de dados e as an&#225;lises estat&#237;sticas foram realizados com o programa <italic>SPSS,</italic> vers&#227;o 18.0 para Windows. Para a an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica, em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s categorias dos bolsistas, os n&#237;veis 1A e 1B foram agrupados assim como os n&#237;veis 1C e 1D, pois, nas categorias 1B e 1C, foram encontrados apenas um pesquisador em cada n&#237;vel com &#225;rea de atua&#231;&#227;o em Cardiologia. Os dados cont&#237;nuos foram reportados utilizando mediana e intervalo interquartil (IQ). O teste n&#227;o param&#233;trico Kruskal-Wallis (KW) foi usado para analisar dados heteroced&#225;sticos ou de distribui&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o normal. No caso de rejei&#231;&#227;o da hip&#243;tese de igualdade das categorias, o teste de Mann-Whitney foi utilizado para a compara&#231;&#227;o entre as categorias duas a duas com corre&#231;&#227;o do n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia pelo m&#233;todo de Bonferroni. Vari&#225;veis dicot&#244;micas ou vari&#225;veis nominais foram comparadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado. Foi utilizado o n&#237;vel de 5,0% de signific&#226;ncia.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Resultados</bold>
    </p>
    <p>De um total de 411 pesquisadores em Medicina, 33 (8%) foram identificados como da &#225;rea da Cardiologia (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig01">Figura 1</xref>). A distribui&#231;&#227;o dos 33 pesquisadores por g&#234;nero e a categoria da bolsa est&#227;o sumarizadas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="tab01">Tabela 1</xref>. Houve uma predomin&#226;ncia do g&#234;nero masculino (72,7%) e de bolsistas na categoria 2 (57,6%). N&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a significativa na distribui&#231;&#227;o de categorias entre os g&#234;neros (<italic>p </italic>= 0,40). Tr&#234;s Estados da Federa&#231;&#227;o foram respons&#225;veis por aproximadamente 94% dos pesquisadores: S&#227;o Paulo (22; 66,78%), Rio Grande do Sul (6; 18,2%), e Rio de Janeiro (3; 9,1%). Dois Estados foram contemplados cada um com um bolsista: Minas Gerais e Distrito Federal. Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; institui&#231;&#227;o de origem, os pesquisadores da Cardiologia se distribuem por 11 diferentes institui&#231;&#245;es no pa&#237;s. Contudo, 04 institui&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o respons&#225;veis por aproximadamente 82% dos pesquisadores: USP (13; 39,4%), UNESP (5; 15,2%), UFRGS (4; 12,1%) e UNIFESP (3; 9,1%). </p>
    <fig id="fig01">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-97-03-0186-00086-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    <table-wrap id="tab01">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-97-03-0186-00086-gt01.jpg"/></table-wrap>
    <p>A mediana de tempo de doutoramento dos 33 pesquisadores foi de 13 anos (IQ, 10 &#150; 22,5 anos). Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; institui&#231;&#227;o de doutoramento, 29 pesquisadores obtiveram o t&#237;tulo no Brasil e 04 em institui&#231;&#245;es no exterior (Estados Unidos, Canad&#225; e Holanda). A maioria dos pesquisadores (18; 54,5%) tem p&#243;s-doutoramento no exterior, predominantemente em institui&#231;&#245;es nos Estados Unidos.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Orienta&#231;&#245;es</bold>
    </p>
    <p>No total da carreira acad&#234;mica, os pesquisadores da Cardiologia orientaram 324 bolsistas de inicia&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica (BIC), sendo a mediana de 4 (IQ = 0 - 14) por pesquisador, 242 disserta&#231;&#245;es de mestrado (mediana de 6, IQ = 2 -13) e 199 teses de doutorado (mediana de 9, IQ = 0 - 9). Em rela&#231;&#227;o aos valores ajustados pelo tempo de doutoramento, os pesquisadores orientaram por ano 0,68 BIC, 0,43 alunos de mestrado e 0,31 doutorandos. Quando comparados os valores ajustados pelo tempo de doutoramento, n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a significativa entre as categorias de bolsistas quanto &#224; orienta&#231;&#227;o de alunos BIC (KW = 1,2, <italic>p</italic> = 0,17). Contudo, os pesquisadores nos n&#237;veis 1A-1B orientaram um n&#250;mero significativamente maior de alunos de mestrado (KW = 9,6, <italic>p</italic> = 0,008) e de alunos de doutorado (KW = 10,2, <italic>p</italic> = 0,006).</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Publica&#231;&#245;es/Peri&#243;dicos </bold>
    </p>
    <p>No total da carreira acad&#234;mica, os pesquisadores em Cardiologia publicaram 2.958 artigos em peri&#243;dicos, sendo a m&#233;dia de 89 artigos por pesquisador (DP = 40, variando de um m&#237;nimo de 25 artigos a um m&#225;ximo de 219). No total, foram 1.617 artigos indexados na base de dados <italic>Web of Science</italic>, aproximadamente 55% do total de artigos publicados (m&#233;dia por pesquisador de 49, DP = 31). Na base de dados <italic>Scopus,</italic> foram 2.222 artigos indexados (m&#233;dia de 67, DP = 32), equivalente a 75% da produ&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica. Considerando-se o n&#250;mero de artigos ajustado pelo tempo de carreira, a m&#233;dia de publica&#231;&#245;es foi de 4,4 artigos/ano (DP = 2,1). A m&#233;dia ajustada de artigos publicados na base de dados <italic>Web of Science</italic> foi de 2,47/ano (DP = 1,7) e na base de dados <italic>Scopus</italic> foi de 3,40/ano (DP = 1,8). </p>
    <p>Quando comparados os valores ajustados pelo tempo de doutoramento, n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a significativa entre as categorias de bolsistas quanto ao n&#250;mero de artigos ao longo da carreira (KW = 4,9, <italic>p</italic> = 0,30), dos artigos indexados no ISI (KW = 8,8, <italic>p</italic> = 0,06) e artigos indexados na base de dados <italic>Scopus</italic> (KW = 5,6, P = 0,23). A <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig02">Figura 2</xref>, utilizando o <italic>box-plot</italic>, ilustra as medianas ajustadas de artigos publicados entre as categorias de pesquisadores.</p>
    <fig id="fig02">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-97-03-0186-00086-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>A maioria dos pesquisadores (30; 91%) aumentou a produ&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica nos &#250;ltimos 05 anos, considerando a m&#233;dia de artigos publicados por ano. Esse incremento variou de 17% a 203%, com uma m&#233;dia de 103% (DP = 61) de aumento na produ&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica. A m&#233;dia de artigos publicados na carreira cient&#237;fica dos 33 pesquisadores foi de 4,5 (DP = 2,2), enquanto nos &#250;ltimos 05 anos, esta alcan&#231;ou 8,8 (DP = 4,8). A <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig03">Figura 3</xref> ilustra a m&#233;dia de artigos publicados em toda a carreira cient&#237;fica e a m&#233;dia nos &#250;ltimos 05 anos para os 33 pesquisadores.</p>
    <fig id="fig03">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-97-03-0186-00086-gf03.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>
      <bold>Impacto </bold>
    </p>
    <p>Na carreira acad&#234;mica, os pesquisadores em Cardiologia publicaram em 587 peri&#243;dicos. Desse total, identificou-se o Fator de Impacto (FI) de 340 peri&#243;dicos (58%) na base de dados JCR 2009. A mediana do FI foi de 2,65 (IQ = 1,67 &#150; 3,96), variando nos extremos de 0,37 a 47,05. Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; distribui&#231;&#227;o do fator de impacto, 22 peri&#243;dicos (6,4%) tinham FI menor que um, 82 peri&#243;dicos (24%) entre um e dois, 102 peri&#243;dicos (30%) entre dois e tr&#234;s, 54 peri&#243;dicos (16%) entre tr&#234;s e 04, 24 peri&#243;dicos (7%) entre 4-5, e 56 peri&#243;dicos (16,4%) com FI maior que 05.</p>
    <p>A <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig04">Figura 4</xref> ilustra a distribui&#231;&#227;o do FI dos peri&#243;dicos nos quais os 2.958 artigos dos pesquisadores da Cardiologia foram publicados. Nota-se que a maioria dos artigos foram publicados em peri&#243;dicos com FI entre um e dois. Em rela&#231;&#227;o aos peri&#243;dicos cient&#237;ficos, as <xref ref-type="table" rid="tab02">Tabelas 2</xref> e <xref ref-type="table" rid="tab03">3</xref> apresentam, respectivamente, os 10 peri&#243;dicos cient&#237;ficos indexados e n&#227;o indexados mais utilizados pelos bolsistas para suas publica&#231;&#245;es.</p>
    <fig id="fig04">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-97-03-0186-00086-gf04.jpg"/></fig>
    <table-wrap id="tab02">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-97-03-0186-00086-gt02.jpg"/></table-wrap>
    <table-wrap id="tab03">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-97-03-0186-00086-gt03.jpg"/></table-wrap>
    <p>Na carreira acad&#234;mica, os pesquisadores em Cardiologia receberam um total de 19.648 cita&#231;&#245;es na base de dados ISI, sendo a mediana por pesquisador de 330 cita&#231;&#245;es (IQ = 198 &#150; 706, variando de 83 a 2.870 cita&#231;&#245;es). A m&#233;dia por artigo foi de 13,5 cita&#231;&#245;es (DP = 16,8). Na base de dados <italic>Scopus</italic>, foram identificadas 24.512 cita&#231;&#245;es aos pesquisadores da Cardiologia, com uma mediana de 472 cita&#231;&#245;es por pesquisador (IQ = 238 &#150; 815, variando de um m&#237;nimo de 127 a um m&#225;ximo de 4.222 cita&#231;&#245;es). A m&#233;dia de cita&#231;&#245;es por artigo na base de dados <italic>Scopus</italic> foi 9,9 (DP = 7,2).</p>
    <p>A mediana do &#237;ndice H na base de dados ISI foi de 10 (IQ, 8 &#150; 14,5), variando de um m&#237;nimo de 6 a um m&#225;ximo de 27. O valor correspondente para o &#237;ndice H na base <italic>Scopus</italic> foi uma mediana de 11 (IQ = 8,5 - 16), variando de um m&#237;nimo de 6 a um m&#225;ximo de 35. Houve diferen&#231;a significativa na compara&#231;&#227;o da mediana dos &#237;ndices H, de acordo com a categoria da bolsa do pesquisador em ambas as bases de dados: ISI (KW = 10,0, <italic>p</italic> = 0,006) e <italic>Scopus</italic> (KW = 9,7, <italic>p</italic> = 0,008). Na compara&#231;&#227;o m&#250;ltipla entre os grupos estudados, houve diferen&#231;a entre as categorias 1A-1B e 1C-1D (<italic>p</italic> = 0,016), 1A-1B e categoria 2 (<italic>p</italic> = 0,001). Entretanto, n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a entre as categorias 1C-1D e 2 (<italic>p</italic> = 0,49).</p>
    <p>A mediana do &#237;ndice M, ou seja, o &#237;ndice H corrigido pelo tempo de carreira acad&#234;mica do pesquisador, na base de dados ISI foi de 0,68 (IQ, 0,53 - 0,77), variando de um m&#237;nimo de 0,21 a um m&#225;ximo de 3. O valor correspondente para o &#237;ndice M na base <italic>Scopus</italic> foi uma mediana de 0,67 (IQ, 0,51 &#150; 0,89), variando de um m&#237;nimo de 0,14 a um m&#225;ximo de 4,38. Contudo, n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a significativa para o &#237;ndice M entre as categorias dos bolsistas, em ambas as bases de dados: ISI (KW = 3,6 <italic>p</italic> = 0,16) e <italic>Scopus</italic> (KW = 2,97, <italic>p</italic> = 0,22). A <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig05">Figura 5</xref> ilustra a distribui&#231;&#227;o dos &#237;ndices H (5A) e M (5B) em ambas as bases de dados, de acordo com a categoria da bolsa do pesquisador. </p>
    <fig id="fig05">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-97-03-0186-00086-gf05.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>
      <bold>Discuss&#227;o </bold>
    </p>
    <p>O presente estudo transversal, tendo como foco os pesquisadores do CNPq na &#225;rea de Cardiologia, mostrou um grupo de pesquisadores com grande produtividade cient&#237;fica do ponto de vista quantitativo e qualitativo. Em um estudo comparativo, Rodrigues e cols.<sup>12</sup> mostraram que a pesquisa em doen&#231;as cardiovasculares &#233; uma &#225;rea que pode ser caracterizada como bem estabelecida em nosso pa&#237;s, em contraste com a pesquisa em outras &#225;reas, como oncologia e doen&#231;as infecto-contagiosas. </p>
    <p>Entretanto, nossos dados mostram que h&#225; uma grande concentra&#231;&#227;o da pesquisa em poucas institui&#231;&#245;es e em poucas regi&#245;es do pa&#237;s. Os achados deste estudo mostram tamb&#233;m que tr&#234;s institui&#231;&#245;es paulistas (USP, UNIFESP e UNESP) s&#227;o fortes centros formadores e produtores de conhecimento cient&#237;fico na &#225;rea de Cardiologia em nosso pa&#237;s. Tal concentra&#231;&#227;o observada em nossa an&#225;lise &#233; tamb&#233;m relatada por outros autores que avaliaram outras &#225;reas do conhecimento<sup>6</sup>. No nosso estudo pr&#233;vio, incluindo todos os 441 pesquisadores da Medicina, foi poss&#237;vel observar tamb&#233;m uma grande concentra&#231;&#227;o destes na Regi&#227;o Sudeste (79%)<sup>11</sup>. </p>
    <p>Um dado que chama aten&#231;&#227;o em nosso estudo &#233; que, em um universo de aproximadamente 12 mil cardiologistas afiliados a Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, apenas 33 (&lt; 0,3%) s&#227;o pesquisadores bolsistas do CNPq. &#201; interessante ressaltar, entretanto, que, em nossa an&#225;lise descritiva dos 411 pesquisadores bolsistas do CNPq em Medicina, cada grande &#225;rea das especialidades m&#233;dicas responde por aproximadamente 8% a 12% dos pesquisadores. Assim, acreditamos que o principal problema seja a escassez de bolsas de produtividade (apenas em torno de 450 para Medicina atualmente). Apesar do esfor&#231;o do CNPq em aumentar o n&#250;mero de bolsas nos &#250;ltimos anos, deve ser reconhecido que o n&#250;mero ainda &#233; bastante limitado, fazendo com que jovens pesquisadores da &#225;rea de Cardiologia e de outras &#225;reas do conhecimento tenham dificuldades em competir e obter bolsas de produtividade em pesquisa.</p>
    <p>A an&#225;lise dos pesquisadores em Cardiologia mostrou uma importante produ&#231;&#227;o com um expressivo n&#250;mero de publica&#231;&#245;es de artigos cient&#237;ficos em peri&#243;dicos de m&#233;dio a alto fator de impacto. Durante a carreira acad&#234;mica, a m&#233;dia foi 89 artigos por pesquisador, enquanto a m&#233;dia dos 411 pesquisadores da Medicina foi de 102 artigos por pesquisador, mas com mediana de 87 artigos<sup>11</sup>. Deve ser ressaltado que aproximadamente 55,0% do total de artigos publicados foram indexados na base de dados <italic>Web of Science</italic> (ISI) e 75% na base de dados <italic>Scopus</italic>. &#201; interessante destacar que esses dados qualitativos s&#227;o superiores aos encontrados na an&#225;lise geral dos pesquisadores em Medicina. </p>
    <p>Nesta an&#225;lise, foi mostrado que aproximadamente 51% e 68% do total de artigos publicados foram indexados nas bases de dados <italic>Web of Science </italic>e <italic>Scopus</italic>, respectivamente. Entretanto, os dados obtidos na &#225;rea de Cardiologia foram similares aos 39 pesquisadores do CNPq nas &#225;reas de Nefrologia e Urologia, os quais publicaram uma m&#233;dia de 82 artigos na carreira acad&#234;mica, sendo 58,0% e 69,0% indexados nas bases de dados <italic>ISI</italic> e <italic>Scopus</italic>, respectivamente<sup>13</sup>.</p>
    <p>Outro ponto a ser ressaltado em nosso estudo &#233; o aumento significativo da produ&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica nos &#250;ltimos 05 anos, fato este tamb&#233;m observado em outras &#225;reas, como Odontologia, Sa&#250;de P&#250;blica e Fisioterapia<sup>6-8,10</sup>. Em m&#233;dia, os pesquisadores do CNPq na &#225;rea de Cardiologia duplicaram o n&#250;mero de artigos publicados, comparando-se a m&#233;dia anual em toda a carreira e nos &#250;ltimos 05 anos.</p>
    <p>Na an&#225;lise geral dos pesquisadores do CNPq na &#225;rea de Medicina, apenas 04 &#225;reas tiveram sua produ&#231;&#227;o aumentada em mais de duas vezes no per&#237;odo 2004-2008, quando comparadas as m&#233;dias de publica&#231;&#227;o ao longo da carreira: Cardiologia, Oftalmologia, Cl&#237;nica M&#233;dica, e Pneumologia<sup>11</sup>. Esse incremento quantitativo na produ&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica se correlaciona com o aumento geral da produ&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica brasileira e, possivelmente, reflete os v&#225;rios mecanismos indutores estabelecidos pelas diversas ag&#234;ncias nacionais de fomento &#224; pesquisa<sup>14</sup>.</p>
    <p>Outro ponto relevante que pode ser destacado em nossa an&#225;lise &#233; que 16,6% da dos artigos dos principais pesquisadores na &#225;rea de Cardiologia foram publicados nos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, demonstrando a import&#226;ncia deste peri&#243;dico para a difus&#227;o do conhecimento e a produ&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica em Cardiologia de nosso pa&#237;s. Deve ser ressaltado ainda que, dos 587 peri&#243;dicos identificados como sendo utilizados pelos pesquisadores em Cardiologia, 340 (58,0%) s&#227;o indexados na base de dados <italic>Web of Science</italic>, com uma mediana de FI de 2,65. &#201; not&#225;vel ainda que aproximadamente 16,0% desses peri&#243;dicos apresentam FI maior que 05. </p>
    <p>Na base de dados da <italic>Web of Science, </italic>s&#227;o cadastrados atualmente 7.347 peri&#243;dicos e apenas 438 (6,0%) t&#234;m um fator de impacto maior ou igual a 5, sendo a maioria deles na &#225;rea de ci&#234;ncia b&#225;sica. A mesma base de dados mostra que, dos 97 peri&#243;dicos indexados na &#225;rea de Cardiologia, apenas 10 (10,5%) possuem FI maior que 05. Esses dados refor&#231;am novamente a qualidade da produ&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica desse grupo de pesquisadores. Em que pesem as recentes cr&#237;ticas do uso do fator de impacto dos peri&#243;dicos na avalia&#231;&#227;o de institui&#231;&#245;es e pesquisadores, tal &#237;ndice continua a ser adotado por muitas ag&#234;ncias de fomento &#224; pesquisa, tais como o pr&#243;prio CNPq<sup>5,15-21</sup>. </p>
    <p>Entre as v&#225;rias cr&#237;ticas ao fator de impacto, destacam-se os estudos de Seglen que demonstram uma pobre correla&#231;&#227;o entre o FI de um determinado peri&#243;dico e a taxa de cita&#231;&#227;o dos artigos dos pesquisadores ou de grupos de pesquisa<sup>22,23</sup>. Nesse contexto, novos estudos, correlacionando os diversos indicadores de qualidade da produ&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica, podem contribuir para uma avalia&#231;&#227;o mais acurada da pesquisa brasileira nas diversas &#225;reas do conhecimento.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Conclus&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Na presente investiga&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica, observou-se que os pesquisadores na &#225;rea de Cardiologia, embora ainda em pequeno percentual em rela&#231;&#227;o aos profissionais em atividade no pa&#237;s, apresentam uma produ&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica relevante dos pontos de vista quantitativo e qualitativo. Novos estudos s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para dimensionar o impacto que a produ&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica de nosso pa&#237;s na &#225;rea de Cardiologia representa em termos da produ&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica internacional.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Agradecimentos</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Este estudo foi parcialmente apoiado pelo CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e Tecnol&#243;gico) e pela FAPEMIG (Funda&#231;&#227;o de Amparo &#224; Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais). </p>
    <p>Antonio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro &#233; pesquisador do CNPq categoria 1A na &#225;rea de Medicina. Eduardo A. Oliveira, Ana Cristina Sim&#245;es e Silva s&#227;o pesquisadores do CNPq categoria 2</p>
    <p> na &#225;rea de Medicina. Herc&#237;lio Martelli-J&#250;nior e Enrico A. Colosimo s&#227;o pesquisadores do CNPq categoria 2 na &#225;rea de Odontologia e Estat&#237;stica, respectivamente.</p>
    <p>
      <fn id="nt" fn-type="corresp">
        <p>Correspond&#234;ncia:</p>
        <p> Eduardo Araujo de Oliveira </p>
        <p> Rua Engenheiro Amaro Lanari, 389 / 501</p>
        <p> 30310-580 &#150; Belo Horizonte &#150; MG, Brasil</p>
        <p> E-mail: : </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="eduolive812@gmail.com">eduolive812@gmail.com </email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p> Artigo recebido em 06/01/11; revisado recebido em 11/01/11; aceito em 18/03/11.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <ref id="B1">
        <mixed-citation>1. Leta J, Glanzel W, Thus B. Science in Brazil. Part 2: sectoral and institutional research profiles. Scientometrics. 2006;67(1):87-105.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <article-title>Science in Brazil: Part 2: sectoral and institutional research profiles</article-title>
          <source>Scientometrics</source>
          <date>
            <year>2006</year>
          </date>
          <fpage>87</fpage>
          <lpage>105</lpage>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <volume>67</volume>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Leta</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Glanzel</surname>
              <given-names>W</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Thus</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <mixed-citation>2. Zorzetto R, Razzouk D, Dubugras MT, Gerolin J, Schor N, Guimar&#227;es JA, et al. The scientific production in health and biological sciences of the top 20 Brazilian universities. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2006;39(12):1513-20.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <article-title>The scientific production in health and biological sciences of the top 20 Brazilian universities</article-title>
          <source>Braz J Med Biol Res</source>
          <date>
            <year>2006</year>
          </date>
          <fpage>1513</fpage>
          <lpage>20</lpage>
          <issue>12</issue>
          <volume>39</volume>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Zorzetto</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Razzouk</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Dubugras</surname>
              <given-names>MT</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gerolin</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Schor</surname>
              <given-names>N</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Guimar&#227;es</surname>
              <given-names>JA</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <mixed-citation>3. Petherick A. High hopes for Brazilian science. Nature. 2010;465(7299):674-5.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <article-title>High hopes for Brazilian science</article-title>
          <source>Nature</source>
          <date>
            <year>2010</year>
          </date>
          <fpage>674</fpage>
          <lpage>5</lpage>
          <issue>7299</issue>
          <volume>465</volume>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Petherick</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <mixed-citation>4. Randic M. Citations versus limitations of citations: beyond Hirsch index. Scientometrics. 2009;80(3):811-20.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <article-title>Citations versus limitations of citations: beyond Hirsch index</article-title>
          <source>Scientometrics</source>
          <date>
            <year>2009</year>
          </date>
          <fpage>811</fpage>
          <lpage>20</lpage>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <volume>80</volume>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Randic</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <mixed-citation>5. Moed HF. New developments in the use of citation analysis in research evaluation. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2009;57(1):13-8.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <article-title>New developments in the use of citation analysis in research evaluation</article-title>
          <source>Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz)</source>
          <date>
            <year>2009</year>
          </date>
          <fpage>13</fpage>
          <lpage>8</lpage>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <volume>57</volume>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Moed</surname>
              <given-names>HF</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <mixed-citation>6. Santos NCF, Candido LFO, Kuppens CL. Produtividade em pesquisa do CNPq: an&#225;lise do perfil dos pesquisadores da qu&#237;mica. Quimica Nova. 2010;33 (2):489-95.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <article-title>Produtividade em pesquisa do CNPq: an&#225;lise do perfil dos pesquisadores da qu&#237;mica</article-title>
          <source>Quimica Nova</source>
          <date>
            <year>2010</year>
          </date>
          <fpage>489</fpage>
          <lpage>95</lpage>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <volume>33</volume>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Santos</surname>
              <given-names>NCF</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Candido</surname>
              <given-names>LFO</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kuppens</surname>
              <given-names>CL</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <mixed-citation>7. Barata RB, Goldbaum M. A profile of researchers in public health with productivity grants from the Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq). Cad Saude Publica. 2003;19(6):1863-76.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <article-title>A profile of researchers in public health with productivity grants from the Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq)</article-title>
          <source>Cad Saude Publica</source>
          <date>
            <year>2003</year>
          </date>
          <fpage>1863</fpage>
          <lpage>76</lpage>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <volume>19</volume>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Barata</surname>
              <given-names>RB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Goldbaum</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B8">
        <mixed-citation>8. Cavalcante RA, Barbosa DR, Bonan PRF, Pires MBO, Martelli-Junior H. Perfil dos pesquisadores da &#225;rea de odontologia no Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e Tecnol&#243;gico (CNPq). Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2008;11(1):106-13.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <article-title>Perfil dos pesquisadores da &#225;rea de odontologia no Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e Tecnol&#243;gico (CNPq)</article-title>
          <source>Rev Bras Epidemiol</source>
          <date>
            <year>2008</year>
          </date>
          <fpage>106</fpage>
          <lpage>13</lpage>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <volume>11</volume>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Cavalcante</surname>
              <given-names>RA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Barbosa</surname>
              <given-names>DR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bonan</surname>
              <given-names>PRF</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pires</surname>
              <given-names>MBO</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Martelli-Junior</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B9">
        <mixed-citation>9. Mendes PHC, Martelli DR, Souza WP, Filho SQ, Martelli Junior H. Perfil dos pesquisadores bolsistas de produtividade cient&#237;fica na medicina no CNPq, Brasil. Rev bras educ med. 2010;34(4):535-41.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <article-title>Perfil dos pesquisadores bolsistas de produtividade cient&#237;fica na medicina no CNPq, Brasil</article-title>
          <source>Rev bras educ med</source>
          <date>
            <year>2010</year>
          </date>
          <fpage>535</fpage>
          <lpage>41</lpage>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <volume>34</volume>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Mendes</surname>
              <given-names>PHC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Martelli</surname>
              <given-names>DR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Souza</surname>
              <given-names>WP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Filho</surname>
              <given-names>SQ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Martelli Junior</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B10">
        <mixed-citation>10. Santos SMC, Lima LS, Martelli DRB, Martelli Junior H. Perfil dos pesquisadores da Sa&#250;de Coletiva no Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e Tecnol&#243;gico. Physis Revista de Sa&#250;de Coletiva. Rio de Janeiro. 2009;19(3):761-75.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <article-title>Perfil dos pesquisadores da Sa&#250;de Coletiva no Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e Tecnol&#243;gico: Physis Revista de Sa&#250;de Coletiva</article-title>
          <source>Rio de Janeiro</source>
          <date>
            <year>2009</year>
          </date>
          <fpage>761</fpage>
          <lpage>75</lpage>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <volume>19</volume>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Santos</surname>
              <given-names>SMC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lima</surname>
              <given-names>LS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Martelli</surname>
              <given-names>DRB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Martelli Junior</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B11">
        <mixed-citation>11. Martelli-Junior H, Martelli DR, Quirino IG, Oliveira MC, Lima LS, Oliveira EA. CNPq researchers in medicine: a comparative study of research areas. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2010;56(4):478-83.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <article-title>CNPq researchers in medicine: a comparative study of research areas</article-title>
          <source>Rev Assoc Med Bras</source>
          <date>
            <year>2010</year>
          </date>
          <fpage>478</fpage>
          <lpage>83</lpage>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <volume>56</volume>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Martelli-Junior</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Martelli</surname>
              <given-names>DR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Quirino</surname>
              <given-names>IG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Oliveira</surname>
              <given-names>MC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lima</surname>
              <given-names>LS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Oliveira</surname>
              <given-names>EA</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B12">
        <mixed-citation>12. Rodrigues PS, Fonseca L, Chaimovich H. Mapping cancer, cardiovascular and malaria research in Brazil. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2000;33(8):853-67.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <article-title>Mapping cancer, cardiovascular and malaria research in Brazil</article-title>
          <source>Braz J Med Biol Res</source>
          <date>
            <year>2000</year>
          </date>
          <fpage>853</fpage>
          <lpage>67</lpage>
          <issue>8</issue>
          <volume>33</volume>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Rodrigues</surname>
              <given-names>PS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Fonseca</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Chaimovich</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B13">
        <mixed-citation>13. Oliveira EA, Pecoits-Filho R, Quirino IG, Oliveira MC, Martelli DR, Lima LS, et al. Perfil e produ&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica dos pesquisadores do CNPq nas &#225;reas de Nefrologia e Urologia. J Bras Nefrol. 2011;33(1):31-7.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <article-title>Perfil e produ&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica dos pesquisadores do CNPq nas &#225;reas de Nefrologia e Urologia</article-title>
          <source>J Bras Nefrol</source>
          <date>
            <year>2011</year>
          </date>
          <fpage>31</fpage>
          <lpage>7</lpage>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <volume>33</volume>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Oliveira</surname>
              <given-names>EA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pecoits-Filho</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Quirino</surname>
              <given-names>IG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Oliveira</surname>
              <given-names>MC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Martelli</surname>
              <given-names>DR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lima</surname>
              <given-names>LS</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B14">
        <mixed-citation>14. Deheinzelin D, Caramelli B. Scientific production, post-graduate education and Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2007;53(6):471-2.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <article-title>Scientific production, post-graduate education and Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira</article-title>
          <source>Rev Assoc Med Bras</source>
          <date>
            <year>2007</year>
          </date>
          <fpage>471</fpage>
          <lpage>2</lpage>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <volume>53</volume>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Deheinzelin</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Caramelli</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B15">
        <mixed-citation>15. Bordons M, Fernandez MT, Gomes I. Advantages and limitations in the use of impact factor measures for the assessment of research performance in a peripheral country. Scientometrics. 2002;53 (2) :195206.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <article-title>Advantages and limitations in the use of impact factor measures for the assessment of research performance in a peripheral country</article-title>
          <source>Scientometrics</source>
          <date>
            <year>2002</year>
          </date>
          <fpage>195</fpage>
          <lpage>206</lpage>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <volume>53</volume>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Bordons</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Fernandez</surname>
              <given-names>MT</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gomes</surname>
              <given-names>I</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B16">
        <mixed-citation>16. Brink AJ. Impact factor: use and abuse. Cardiovasc J S Afr. 2004;15(1):5-7.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <article-title>Impact factor: use and abuse</article-title>
          <source>Cardiovasc J S Afr</source>
          <date>
            <year>2004</year>
          </date>
          <fpage>5</fpage>
          <lpage>7</lpage>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <volume>15</volume>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Brink</surname>
              <given-names>AJ</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B17">
        <mixed-citation>17. Haeffner-Cavaillon N, Graillot-Gak C. The use of bibliometric indicators to help peer-review assessment. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2009;57(1):33-8.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <article-title>The use of bibliometric indicators to help peer-review assessment</article-title>
          <source>Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz)</source>
          <date>
            <year>2009</year>
          </date>
          <fpage>33</fpage>
          <lpage>8</lpage>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <volume>57</volume>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Haeffner-Cavaillon</surname>
              <given-names>N</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Graillot-Gak</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B18">
        <mixed-citation>18. Lehmann S, Jackson AD, Lautrup BE. Measures for measures. Nature. 2006;444(7122):1003-4.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <article-title>Measures for measures</article-title>
          <source>Nature</source>
          <date>
            <year>2006</year>
          </date>
          <fpage>1003</fpage>
          <lpage>4</lpage>
          <issue>7122</issue>
          <volume>444</volume>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Lehmann</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Jackson</surname>
              <given-names>AD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lautrup</surname>
              <given-names>BE</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B19">
        <mixed-citation>19. Simons K. The misused impact factor. Science. 2008;322(5899):165.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <article-title>The misused impact factor</article-title>
          <source>Science</source>
          <date>
            <year>2008</year>
          </date>
          <fpage>165</fpage>
          <issue>5899</issue>
          <volume>322</volume>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Simons</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B20">
        <mixed-citation>20. Szklo M. Impact factor: good reasons for concern. Epidemiology. 2008;19(3):369.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <article-title>Impact factor: good reasons for concern</article-title>
          <source>Epidemiology</source>
          <date>
            <year>2008</year>
          </date>
          <fpage>369</fpage>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <volume>19</volume>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Szklo</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B21">
        <mixed-citation>21. Wilcox AJ. Rise and fall of the Thomson impact factor. Epidemiology. 2008;19(3):373-4.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <article-title>Rise and fall of the Thomson impact factor</article-title>
          <source>Epidemiology</source>
          <date>
            <year>2008</year>
          </date>
          <fpage>373</fpage>
          <lpage>4</lpage>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <volume>19</volume>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Wilcox</surname>
              <given-names>AJ</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B22">
        <mixed-citation>22. Seglen PO. Why the impact factor of journals should not be used for evaluating research. Br Med J. 1997;314(7079):498-502.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <article-title>Why the impact factor of journals should not be used for evaluating research</article-title>
          <source>Br Med J</source>
          <date>
            <year>1997</year>
          </date>
          <fpage>498</fpage>
          <lpage>502</lpage>
          <issue>7079</issue>
          <volume>314</volume>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Seglen</surname>
              <given-names>PO</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B23">
        <mixed-citation>23. Seglen PO. Causal relationship between article citedness and journal impact. J Am Soc Inform Sci. 1994;45(1):1-11.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <article-title>Causal relationship between article citedness and journal impact</article-title>
          <source>J Am Soc Inform Sci</source>
          <date>
            <year>1994</year>
          </date>
          <fpage>1</fpage>
          <lpage>11</lpage>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <volume>45</volume>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Seglen</surname>
              <given-names>PO</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Special Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Profile and Scientific Production of CNPq Researchers in Cardiology</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>BACKGROUND: Systematic assessments of the scientific production can optimize resource allocation and increase research productivity in Brazil. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the profile and scientific production of researchers in the field of Cardiology who have fellowship in Medicine provided by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e Tecnol&#243;gico. METHODS: The curriculum Lattes of 33 researchers with active fellowships from 2006 to 2008 were included in the analysis. The variables of interest were: gender, affiliation, tutoring of undergraduate, masters and PhD students, and scientific production and its impact. RESULTS: : There was predominance of males (72.7%) and of fellowship level 2 (56.4%). Three states of the Federation were responsible for 94% of the researchers: SP (28; 71.8%), RS (4; 10.3%), e RJ (3; 9.1%). Four institutions are responsible for about 82% of researchers: USP (13; 39.4%), UNESP (5; 15.2%), UFRGS (4; 12.1%) e UNIFESP (3; 9.1%). During all academic careers, the researchers published 2.958 journal articles, with a mean of 89 articles per researcher. Of total, 55% and 75% were indexed at Web of Science and Scopus databases, respectively. The researchers received a total of 19648 citations at the database Web of Science, with a median of 330 citations per researcher (IQ = 198-706). The average number of citations per article was 13.5 citations (SD = 11.6). CONCLUSION: Our study has shown that researchers in the field of cardiology have a relevant scientific production. The knowledge of the profile of researchers in the field of Cardiology will probably enable effective strategies to qualitatively improve the scientific output of Brazilian researchers.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Bibliometric indicators</kwd>
        <kwd>scientific and technical publications</kwd>
        <kwd>cardiology</kwd>
        <kwd>education, medical, graduate</kwd>
        <kwd>health sciences</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p><undefined id="tx-body2"/>Profile and Scientific Production of CNPq Researchers in Cardiology</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Eduardo Araujo de Oliveira<sup>I</sup>; Antonio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro<sup>I</sup>; Isabel Gomes Quirino<sup>I</sup>; Maria Christina Lopes Oliveira<sup>I</sup>; Daniella Reis Martelli<sup>II</sup>; Leonardo Santos Lima<sup>II</sup>; Enrico Antonio Colosimo<sup>I</sup>; Thais Junqueira Lopes<sup>I</sup>; Ana Cristina Sim&#245;es Silva<sup>I</sup>; Herc&#237;lio Martelli-Junior<sup>II</sup></bold>
      </p>
      <p><sup>I</sup>Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte</p>
      <p><sup>II</sup>Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claro, MG, Brazil</p>
      <p>Mailing Address</p>
      <p>
        <bold>ABSTRACT</bold>
      </p>
      <p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Systematic assessments of the scientific production can optimize resource allocation and increase research productivity in Brazil.</p>
      <p><bold>OBJECTIVE:</bold> The aim of this study was to evaluate the profile and scientific production of researchers in the field of Cardiology who have fellowship in Medicine provided by the <italic>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e Tecnol&#243;gico</italic>.</p>
      <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> The curriculum Lattes of 33 researchers with active fellowships from 2006 to 2008 were included in the analysis. The variables of interest were: gender, affiliation, tutoring of undergraduate, masters and PhD students, and scientific production and its impact.</p>
      <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> There was predominance of males (72.7%) and of fellowship level 2 (56.4%). Three states of the Federation were responsible for 94% of the researchers: SP (28; 71.8%), RS (4; 10.3%), e RJ (3; 9.1%). Four institutions are responsible for about 82% of researchers: USP (13; 39.4%), UNESP (5; 15.2%), UFRGS (4; 12.1%) e UNIFESP (3; 9.1%). During all academic careers, the researchers published 2.958 journal articles, with a mean of 89 articles per researcher. Of total, 55% and 75% were indexed at Web of Science and Scopus databases, respectively. The researchers received a total of 19648 citations at the database Web of Science, with a median of 330 citations per researcher (IQ = 198-706). The average number of citations per article was 13.5 citations (SD = 11.6).</p>
      <p><bold>CONCLUSIONS:</bold> Our study has shown that researchers in the field of cardiology have a relevant scientific production. The knowledge of the profile of researchers in the field of Cardiology will probably enable effective strategies to qualitatively improve the scientific output of Brazilian researchers.</p>
      <p><bold>Keywords:</bold> Bibliometric indicators; scientific and technical publications; cardiology; education, medical, graduate; health sciences.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Introduction </bold>
      </p>
      <p>The development of scientific and technological infrastructure and expansion of the academic community are relatively recent events in Brazil. This process began in the 1950s and 1960s, when the most important public agencies of Science and Technology were founded<sup>1</sup>. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the training of new researchers and Brazilian scientific production<sup>2</sup>. Concurrently, scientific publications by Brazilian researchers in indexed journals rose from 14,237 in 2003 to 30,415 in 2008, according to Thomson Reuters<sup>3</sup>. </p>
      <p>Systematic evaluation of researchers, journals, universities, research institutions, regions and countries is an activity that, though controversial, has been relevant for scientists and administrators<sup>4</sup>. Moreover, development agencies need systematic evaluations to optimize resource allocations and define strategies for research bodies, enabling the restructuring of research in specific areas, or increase research productivity in the country<sup>5</sup>. In this context the so-called fellowship of research productivity (PQ), offered by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), becomes increasingly important, created in the 70's. This fellowship was conceived as a way to encourage researchers holding a doctor's degree, with outstanding scientific contributions in their fields for the appreciation of their work before their peers. Thus, the profile of current PQ fellows becomes of interest to the entire scientific community<sup>6</sup>.</p>
      <p>Several studies have examined the profile and the scientific production of of researchers from the National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) in various areas of knowledge<sup>6-10</sup>.</p>
      <p> Recently, we evaluated the profile of researchers in scientific productivity in the medical area, comparing various areas<sup>9,11</sup>. However, within the field of Cardiology, data are scarce.</p>
      <p>This cross-sectional study aimed to describe the demographic characteristics and the academic production of the CNPq fellows, whose primary area of practice is cardiology. </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Methods</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <italic>
          <bold>Participants</bold>
        </italic>
      </p>
      <p>We have initially established a database of 411 researchers registered as CNPq fellows, according to a list provided by the federal agency for research funding in February 2009. We excluded from the database researchers who had their fellowships suspended, such as in cases of postdoctoral studies abroad and senior researchers<sup>11</sup>.</p>
      <p>
        <italic>
          <bold>Field of expertise</bold>
        </italic>
      </p>
      <p>For this variable, we considered the area specifically assigned by the researcher on the Lattes website. When such information was missing, the authors of this study analyzed the scientific production in the last 05 years and assigned a field which prevailed among the studies published and/or advised. In specific cases of performance in well-defined subfields, such as pediatric cardiology, the researcher was inserted in the field of Cardiology and the sub-area of practice was considered in a separate variable. Following this methodology, we identified 33 researchers involved in the area of Cardiology.</p>
      <p><italic><bold>Study design. </bold></italic>Cross-sectional study</p>
      <p> Data collection protocol</p>
      <p>From the identification of the fellows, those r&#233;sum&#233;s publicly available on the Lattes Platform (CNPq) of all researchers were systematically consulted. From Lattes curricula, we built a database with information on the distribution of researchers by category (1A, 1B, 1C, 1D and 2), geographical and institutional distribution, time of completion of doctoral studies, scientific production (scientific papers) and human resources training (advising on undergraduate research, master's and doctor's). For analysis of scientific production, we considered all publications and advising over the researcher's career, defined as the period between the first scientific paper published up to December 2008. We also analyzed the publications and advising of the past 05 years, considering the period between 2004 and 2008.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Variables of interest </bold>
      </p>
      <p>The following variables were analyzed: gender, the researcher's institution, PhD duration, doctoral institution, category of the fellowship, grantees advising to students conducting undergraduate research (undergraduate research studies), master's and doctor's theses, and publications in journals. </p>
      <p>As for advising and publications, we assessed the absolute values over the entire scientific career and those values for the period 2004-2008 as described on the Lattes platform. In addition, we assessed the advising and publications adjusted for the researcher's duration of PhD. We also searched the databases of Web of Science Thomson - ISI - Institute for Scientific Information - (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://apps.isiknowledge.com/">http://apps.isiknowledge.com/</ext-link>) and Scopus (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.scopus.com/home.url">http://www.scopus.com/home.url</ext-link>). Both were consulted through CAPES' website (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://novo.periodicos.capes.gov.br/">http://novo.periodicos.capes.gov.br/</ext-link>). On these databases were searched the scientific papers published by the researchers listed in CNPq's database. The researcher's scientific name used in this investigation was the one provided in Lattes. A systematic research of possible variations of names to quote the researchers was also undertaken.</p>
      <p>
        <italic>
          <bold>Statistical analysis</bold>
        </italic>
      </p>
      <p>The database and statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, version 18.0 for Windows. For the statistical analysis, for the categories of fellows, levels 1A and 1B were grouped as well as the levels 1C and 1D, because in the categories 1B and 1C, we found only one researcher at each level with an area of expertise in cardiology. Continuous data are reported using median and interquartile (IQ). The nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis (KW) test was used to analyze heteroskedastic or non-normal distribution data. In case of rejection of the hypothesis of equality of the categories, Mann-Whitney's test was used to compare between the categories two-to-two with level of significance correction by the Bonferroni method. Dichotomous variables or nominal variables were compared by chi-square test. We used a significance level of 5%.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Results</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Out of 411 researchers in medicine, 33 (8%) were identified as in the area of Cardiology (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig01-body2">Figure 1</xref>). The distribution of 33 researchers by gender and category of the fellowship are summarized in <xref ref-type="table" rid="tab01-body2">Table 1</xref>. There was a predominance of males (72.7%) and fellows in category 2 (57.6%). There was no significant difference in the distribution of categories between genders (p = 0.40). Three Brazilian states were responsible for approximately 94% of the researchers: S&#227;o Paulo (22; 66.78%), Rio Grande do Sul (6; 18.2%), and Rio de Janeiro (3; 9.1%). Two states had one fellow each: Minas Gerais and Distrito Federal. As for the home institution, researchers of Cardiology spread over 11 different institutions in the country. However, 04 institutions are responsible for approximately 82.0% of the researchers: USP (13; 39.4%), UNESP (5; 15.2%), UFRGS (4; 12.1%) and UNIFESP (3; 9.1%). </p>
      <fig id="fig01-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-97-03-0186-00086-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <table-wrap id="tab01-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-97-03-0186-00086-gt01-en.jpg"/></table-wrap>
      <p>The median duration of 33 PhD researchers was 13 years (IQ, 10 to 22.5 years). As for the doctoral institutions, 29 researchers obtained their degree in Brazil and 04 in institutions abroad (USA, Canada and Netherlands). Most researchers (18; 54.5%) have done post-doctoral studies abroad, mainly in U.S. institutions.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Advising</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Over their career, Cardiology researchers advised 324 undergraduate research students (URS), with a median of 4 (IQ = 0 - 14) per researcher, 242 master's dissertations (median 6, IQ = 2 -13) and 199 Ph.D. theses (median 9, IQ = 0 - 9). As for the values adjusted by the time of doctor's studies, researchers advised 0.68 URS per year, 0.43 master's and 0.31 doctor's students. Comparing the values adjusted by the doctor's study duration, there was no significant difference between the categories of fellows for advising URS students (KW = 1.2, p = 0.17). However, researchers at levels 1A-1B advised a significantly greater number of master's students (KW = 9.6, p = 0.008) and doctor's students (KW = 10.2, p = 0.006).</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Publications/Journals </bold>
      </p>
      <p>Over their academic career, Cardiology researchers published 2,958 articles in journals, with an average of 89 articles per researcher (SD = 40, ranging from a minimum of 25 articles to a maximum of 219). Altogether, 1,617 articles indexed in the database Web of Science, approximately 55.0% of the total articles published (an average of 49 per researcher, SD = 31). In the database Scopus, 2,222 articles were indexed (an average of 67, SD = 32), equivalent to 75.0% of academic production. Considering the number of articles adjusted for career time, the average content was 4.4 articles per year (SD = 2.1). The adjusted average of articles published in the database Web of Science was 2.47 per year (SD = 1.7) and in the Scopus database, 3.40 per year (SD = 1.8). </p>
      <p>Comparing the values adjusted by the PhD studies' duration, there was no significant difference between the categories of fellowships for the number of articles over their career (KW = 4.9, p = 0.30), of articles indexed in ISI (KW = 8.8, p = 0.06) and articles indexed in the database Scopus (KW = 5.6, P = 0.23). <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig02-body2">Figure 2</xref> using box-plot illustrates the adjusted medians of articles published between categories of researchers.</p>
      <fig id="fig02-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-97-03-0186-00086-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>Most researchers (30, 91%) increased their scientific production in the last 05 years, considering the average of articles published per year. This increase ranged from 17% to 203% with an average of 103.0% (SD = 61) increase in scientific production. The average number of articles published in the scientific career of 33 researchers was 4.5 (SD = 2.2), while in the last 05 years, it reached 8.8 (SD = 4.8). <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig03-body2">Figure 3</xref> illustrates the average of articles published throughout the scientific career and the average over the past 05 years for 33 researchers.</p>
      <fig id="fig03-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-97-03-0186-00086-gf03-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>
        <bold>Impact </bold>
      </p>
      <p>Over their academic career, researchers in cardiology published in 587 journals. Out of this, we identified the Impact Factor (IF) of 340 journals (58%) in the database JCR 2009. The median IF was 2.65 (IQ = 1.67 to 3.96), ranging from 0.37 to 47.05. Regarding the distribution of the impact factor, 22 journals (6.4%) had FI smaller than one, 82 journals (24%) between one and two, 102 journals (30%) between two and three, 54 journals (16%) between three and 04, 24 journals (7%) between 4-5, and 56 journals (16.4%) with FI greater than 05.</p>
      <p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig04-body2">Figure 4</xref> illustrates the distribution of the IF of journals in which the 2,958 articles of researchers in cardiology have been published. Note that most articles were published in journals with IF between one and two. As for scientific journals, <xref ref-type="table" rid="tab02-body2">Tables 2</xref> and <xref ref-type="table" rid="tab03-body2">3</xref> show, respectively, the 10 journals indexed and unindexed most used by fellows for their publications.</p>
      <fig id="fig04-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-97-03-0186-00086-gf04-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <table-wrap id="tab02-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-97-03-0186-00086-gt02-en.jpg"/></table-wrap>
      <table-wrap id="tab03-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-97-03-0186-00086-gt03-en.jpg"/></table-wrap>
      <p>Over their academic career, researchers in cardiology received a total of 19,648 citations in the ISI database, with a median of 330 citations per researcher (IQ = 198 to 706, ranging from 83 to 2,870 citations). The average per article was 13.5 citations (SD = 16.8). In the database Scopus, we identified 24,512 citations to the researchers of Cardiology, with a median of 472 citations per researcher (IQ = 238 to 815, ranging from a minimum of 127 to a maximum of 4,222 citations). The average number of citations per article in the Scopus database was 9.9 (SD = 7.2).</p>
      <p>The median index H in the ISI database was 10 (IQ, 8 - 14.5), ranging from a minimum of 6 to a maximum of 27. The corresponding value for the index H in Scopus was a median of 11 (IQ = 8.5 - 16), ranging from a minimum of 6 to a maximum of 35. There was a significant difference in the median of the H indexes, according to the category of researcher's fellowship in both databases: ISI (KW = 10.0, p = 0.006) and Scopus (KW = 9.7, p = 0.008). In the multiple comparison between groups, there were differences between the categories 1A, 1B and 1C-1D (p = 0.016), 1A-1B and Category 2 (p = 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the categories 1C-1D and 2 (p = 0.49).</p>
      <p>The median M index, i.e., the H index corrected by the time of the researcher's academic career in the ISI database was 0.68 (IQ, 0.53 to 0.77), ranging from a minimum of 0, 21 to a maximum of 3. The corresponding value for the M index in Scopus database was the median of 0.67 (IQ, 0.51 to 0.89), ranging from a minimum of 0.14 to a maximum of 4.38. However, there was no significant difference for the M index for the fellows 'categories in both databases: ISI (KW = 3.6 p = 0.16) and Scopus (KW = 2.97, p = 0.22). <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig05-body2">Figure 5</xref> illustrates the distribution of indexes H (5A) and M (5B) in both databases, according to the category of the researcher's fellowship. </p>
      <fig id="fig05-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-97-03-0186-00086-gf05-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>
        <bold>Discussion </bold>
      </p>
      <p>This cross-sectional study focusing on CNPq Cardiology researchers, showed a group of researchers with high scientific productivity in terms of quantity and quality. In a comparative study, Rodrigues et al<sup>12</sup> showed that research on cardiovascular diseases is an area that can be characterized as well established in our country, in contrast with research in other areas such as oncology and infectious diseases. </p>
      <p>However, our data show that there is a large concentration of research in a few institutions and few regions of the country. The findings of this study also show that three institutions in S&#227;o Paulo (USP, UNESP and UNIFESP) are strong training centers and producers of scientific knowledge in the field of Cardiology in our country. This concentration observed in our analysis is also reported by other authors who assessed other areas of knowledge<sup>6</sup>. In our previous study, including all of the 441 researchers of Medicine, a large concentration of these in the Southeast was also observed (79%)<sup>11</sup>. </p>
      <p>One fact that attracts attention in our study is that in a universe of approximately 12,000 cardiologists affiliated with the Brazilian Society of Cardiology, only 33 (&lt;0.3%) are CNPq research fellows. It is interesting to note, however, that in our descriptive analysis of 411 CNPq medical research fellows, each major area of medical specialty accounted for approximately 8% to 12% of the researchers. Thus, we believe that the main problem is the lack of productivity fellowships (only around 450 for Medicine, currently). Despite CNPq's efforts to increase in the number of fellowships in recent years, it should be recognized that this number is still quite limited, making young researchers in cardiology and other fields of knowledge to face difficulty in competing and winning fellowships of productivity research.</p>
      <p>The analysis of cardiology researchers showed significant production efforts with a significant number of scientific articles published in journals of medium to high impact factor. Over the academic career, the average was 89 articles per researcher, while the average of 411 researchers in medicine was 102 articles per researcher, but with a median of 87 articles<sup>11</sup>. It is noteworthy that approximately 55% of all published articles were indexed in the database Web of Science (ISI) and 75% in the Scopus database. It is interesting to note that these qualitative data are superior to those found in the overall analysis of medical researchers. </p>
      <p>It is noteworthy that approximately 55% of all published articles were indexed in the database Web of Science (ISI) and 75% in the Scopus database. However, data obtained in the field of cardiology were similar to those of 39 CNPq researchers in the areas of Urology and Nephrology, which published an average of 82 articles over their academic career, with 58% and 69% indexed in the databases ISI and Scopus<sup>13</sup>, respectively.</p>
      <p>Another issue to be emphasized in our study is the significant increase of scientific production in the last 05 years, as also observed in other areas such as Dentistry, Public Health and Physiotherapy<sup>6-8,10</sup>.</p>
      <p> On average, the cardiology researchers of CNPq doubled the number of articles published, comparing the annual average throughout their career and in the last 05 years.</p>
      <p>In the overall analysis of CNPq medical researchers, only 04 areas had increased production by more than twice in the period 2004-2008, comparing the average number of publications throughout their career: Cardiology, Ophthalmology, Internal Medicine, and Pneumology<sup>11</sup>. This quantitative increase in scientific production correlates with the general increase in scientific production in Brazil and possibly reflects the various inducing mechanisms established by various national agencies for research funding<sup>14</sup>.</p>
      <p>Another relevant point that can be highlighted in our analysis is that 16.6% of the articles of the leading researchers in cardiology were published in the Brazilian Archives of Cardiology, demonstrating the importance of this journal for the dissemination of knowledge and scientific production in Cardiology in our country. It should be noted that, out of the 587 journals identified as being used by researchers in cardiology, 340 (58.0%) are indexed in the database Web of Science, with a median of 2.65 IF. It is noteworthy that approximately 16.0% of these journals have IFs greater than 05. </p>
      <p>In the database Web of Science, 7,347 journals are currently registered and only 438 (6.0%) have an impact factor greater than or equal to 5, most of which in the area of basic science. The same database shows that out of 97 journals indexed in the field of cardiology, only 10 (10.5%) had IF greater than 05. These data further emphasize the quality of scientific production of this group of researchers. In spite of the recent criticism on the use of journal impact factor in the evaluation of institutions and researchers, this index is still adopted by many research funding agencies, such as CNPq itself<sup>5,15-21</sup>.</p>
      <p> Among the many criticisms of the impact factor, we highlight studies by Seglen that demonstrate a poor correlation between the IF of a particular journal and the citation rate of articles by researchers or research groups<sup>22,23</sup>. In this context, recent studies correlating various indicators of quality of scientific production may contribute to a more accurate assessment of Brazilian research in various areas of knowledge.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Conclusion</bold>
      </p>
      <p>In this research, we found that researchers in the field of cardiology, though in small percentage compared to professionals working in the country, present a relevant scientific production from a quantitative and qualitative viewpoint. Further studies are needed to assess the impact that scientific production in our country in the area of Cardiology represents in terms of international scientific production.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Acknowledgments</bold>
      </p>
      <p>This study was partially supported by CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development) and FAPEMIG (Research Support Foundation of Minas Gerais). </p>
      <p>Antonio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro is a researcher of CNPq under category 1A in Medicine. Eduardo A. Oliveira, Ana Cristina Sim&#245;es e Silva are researchers of CNPq under category 2 in the area of Medicine. Herc&#237;lio Martelli-J&#250;nior and Enrico A. Colosimo are researchers of CNPq under category 2 in the field of Dentistry and Statistics, respectively.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
