<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" specific-use="sps-1.9" dtd-version="1.1" xml:lang="pt" article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">CkrVLXZDYJMwxqMRnMMfCsz</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00026</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2010001200026</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(10)09500226</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2010001200026</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Ponto de Vista</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Manter o cl&#225;ssico e inovar em cl&#237;nica de valvopatia: O equil&#237;brio pela bio&#233;tica</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Grinberg</surname>
            <given-names>Max</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas </institution>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2010</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>95</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>48</fpage>
      <lpage>50</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>29</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2009</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2009</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2009</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt" kwd-group-type="author-generated">
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as das valvas card&#237;acas</kwd>
        <kwd>hist&#243;ria</kwd>
        <kwd>bio&#233;tica</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>10</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2010</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>PONTO DE VISTA</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Manter o cl&#225;ssico e inovar em cl&#237;nica de valvopatia. O equil&#237;brio pela bio&#233;tica</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Max Grinberg</bold>
    </p>
    <p>InCor -Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas FMUSP, S&#227;o Paulo, SP -Brasil</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="nt">Correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p><bold>Palavras-chave: </bold>Doen&#231;as das valvas card&#237;acas/hist&#243;ria, bio&#233;tica.</p>
    <p>
      <italic>&#201; cl&#225;ssico: anamnese e estetosc&#243;pio captam sons de harmonia para o racioc&#237;nio cl&#237;nico sobre condutas em valvopatia.</italic>
    </p>
    <p>
      <italic>&#201; moderno: di&#225;logo e ausculta zelosos provocam ecos e resson&#226;ncias prudentes.</italic>
    </p>
    <p>
      <italic>&#201; cl&#237;nico: alta tecnologia n&#227;o prescinde da baixa tecnologia.</italic>
    </p>
    <p>
      <italic>&#201; da beira do leito: a benefic&#234;ncia da renova&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o exige elimina&#231;&#227;o do cl&#225;ssico.</italic>
    </p>
    <p>
      <italic>&#201; da bio&#233;tica: a n&#227;o-malefic&#234;ncia do cl&#225;ssico baliza a conformidade da inova&#231;&#227;o.</italic>
    </p>
    <p> O cora&#231;&#227;o adapta-se pela remodela&#231;&#227;o<sup>1,2</sup>. A Cardiologia remodela-se pela hipertrofia das boas pr&#225;ticas apoiada na dilata&#231;&#227;o das fronteiras do conhecimento tecnocient&#237;fico e do reconhecimento da humaniza&#231;&#227;o. </p>
    <p> H&#225; muito o que se refletir sobre as realidades imut&#225;veis (a insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, o infarto, a arritmia) que devem caber no &#243;rg&#227;o chamado cora&#231;&#227;o; e tamb&#233;m sobre as pretens&#245;es e aproxima&#231;&#245;es de interpreta&#231;&#227;o que tais realidades est&#227;o sujeitadas na organiza&#231;&#227;o do saber da Cardiologia, e que conferem esperan&#231;osa lucidez e poder ao cardiologista. O significado profissional resulta gerado por afirma&#231;&#245;es, nega&#231;&#245;es e contradi&#231;&#245;es proped&#234;uticas, terap&#234;uticas e de preven&#231;&#227;o em meio ao cl&#225;ssico e &#224; inova&#231;&#227;o. </p>
    <p> H&#225; ritmo pr&#243;prio no surgimento e manuten&#231;&#227;o de m&#233;todos eficientes. S&#227;o s&#237;stoles de impuls&#245;es e di&#225;stoles de acalmias. N&#227;o faltam arritmias causadas por excita&#231;&#245;es prematuras de esperan&#231;a no processo interativo de cria&#231;&#227;o de novas pr&#225;ticas cl&#237;nicas. H&#225; um Holter de d&#233;cadas com registros desta natureza em cl&#237;nica de valvopatia. </p>
    <p> O cl&#225;ssico, a inova&#231;&#227;o do passado que foi testada e atestada pelo tempo, serve como base da cultura da Medicina para modelar a continuidade de uma nova utilidade e efic&#225;cia. A boa compreens&#227;o do cl&#225;ssico d&#225; a temporalidade da conviv&#234;ncia como contempor&#226;neo. Fato ineg&#225;vel percebido em cl&#237;nica de valvopatia. A fonomecanocardiografia desapareceu no surgimento da ecocardiografia, a ausculta por estetosc&#243;pio persiste soando eterna. </p>
    <p> A l&#243;gica do processo de fixa&#231;&#227;o da inova&#231;&#227;o sustenta-se nas recombina&#231;&#245;es que ela provoca no patrim&#244;nio da beira do leito resultante da mescla da experi&#234;ncia pessoal do m&#233;dico com a experi&#234;ncia coletivizada da literatura. H&#225; refor&#231;o quando fins cl&#225;ssicos s&#227;o favorecidos pela multiplica&#231;&#227;o de m&#233;todos e novos fins surgem a reboque de inova&#231;&#245;es<sup>3</sup>. </p>
    <p> O s&#233;culo XX testemunhou a obten&#231;&#227;o &#225;gil da imagem cardiorrelevante numa telinha<sup>4</sup>. Diagn&#243;sticos morfofuncionais dispensaram, em consequ&#234;ncia, olhares diretos ao cora&#231;&#227;o, numa bancada. No s&#233;culo XXI, a renova&#231;&#227;o de indicadores e marcadores as novas configura&#231;&#245;es de padr&#227;o-ouro mant&#233;m-se se exigente da motiva&#231;&#227;o do sentido cl&#237;nico. </p>
    <p> Audi&#231;&#227;o, vis&#227;o e tato. &#201; tr&#237;ade do sentido que d&#225; impacto de proveito na tomada de decis&#227;o sobre benefic&#234;ncia/n&#227;o-malefic&#234;ncia, &#224; beira do leito em cl&#237;nica de valvopatia. O sil&#234;ncio ensurdece a rela&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dico-paciente, despreza-a. A miopia do olho cl&#237;nico cega o racioc&#237;nio integrativo, desvaloriza-o. A car&#234;ncia da m&#227;o na ci&#234;ncia e na consci&#234;ncia insensibiliza a decis&#227;o, desumaniza-a. S&#227;o defici&#234;ncias que distorcem o sentido cl&#225;ssico da cl&#237;nica de valvopatia e prejudicam o que possa de bom advir das inova&#231;&#245;es.</p>
    <p> Cada estrat&#233;gia de incorpora&#231;&#227;o de benef&#237;cio &#224; beira do leito demanda ajustes nos patamares &#233;ticos cl&#225;ssicos<sup>5</sup>. Especificamente, sobre o que n&#227;o se fazia, agora poss&#237;vel neglig&#234;ncia porque fact&#237;vel, e o fazer com as modifica&#231;&#245;es, que salvaguardam da imprud&#234;ncia. Ademais, novas a&#231;&#245;es acendem, habitualmente, a luz de fundo que ilumina preocupa&#231;&#245;es com custo-benef&#237;cio, pela finitude dos recursos em sa&#250;de. &#201; a tecnoci&#234;ncia e a gest&#227;o em sa&#250;de em constante esgrima entre benef&#237;cio individual e coletivo. N&#227;o nos esque&#231;amos que o atendimento em Cardiologia admite a gama de aten&#231;&#227;o de prim&#225;ria &#224; quatern&#225;ria.</p>
    <p> A fluidez &#233;tica maximiza-se pela redu&#231;&#227;o de atritos entre novas premissas da Medicina e velhas exig&#234;ncias cl&#237;nicas individuais. O &#250;ltimo artigo publicado -agora sabemos! -, a diretriz mais recente -agora podemos! -, as culturas regionais -agora entendemos! -requerem zelo e prud&#234;ncia. Essa mutualidade deve funcionar como ped&#225;gios &#233;ticos: da passagem da condi&#231;&#227;o de inova&#231;&#227;o para a cl&#225;ssica. O cl&#237;nico da beira do leito aprende a intuir espa&#231;o e tempo da novidade, &#224; medida que vivencia dire&#231;&#227;o e velocidade pelo feedback da aplica&#231;&#227;o no seu campo de atua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p> A disponibilidade de pr&#243;tese valvular, em sua atraente hist&#243;ria de pioneirismo desde Charles Hufnagel (1916-1989), em 11 de setembro de 1952 e Albert Starr (1926-...)-Miles Lowell Edwards (1898-1982), em 1961, abriu in&#233;dita perspectiva de benefic&#234;ncia. A pr&#243;tese persiste a imperfeita vantagem que demandou toler&#226;ncia a novos riscos, moralmente admiss&#237;veis em fun&#231;&#227;o do progn&#243;stico da hist&#243;ria natural da valvopatia e expressos eticamente por crit&#233;rios que nasceram com a caracter&#237;stica de nunca serem definitivos.</p>
    <p> A pr&#243;tese valvular &#233;, meio s&#233;culo depois, m&#233;todo cl&#225;ssico. O rito de passagem atraiu a conviv&#234;ncia dos benef&#237;cios almejados com os malef&#237;cios que podemos rotular como iatrogenia &#233;tica. </p>
    <p> Este termo designa aquela adversidade que "est&#225; na bula da conduta", imposs&#237;vel de ser desconsiderada apesar das boas pr&#225;ticas. </p>
    <p> As estat&#237;sticas garantem que n&#227;o h&#225; benef&#237;cio sem risco, &#233; verdade, mas n&#227;o se pode esquecer que o mau resultado pode se realizar por imper&#237;cia, ent&#227;o, iatrogenia n&#227;o &#233;tica. A iatrogenia &#233;tica representa o conceito que o limite superior da precis&#227;o do m&#233;dico coincide com a inexatid&#227;o da Medicina. A disfun&#231;&#227;o de pr&#243;tese de peric&#225;rdio bovino por processo biol&#243;gico tempo-dependente &#233; iatrogenia &#233;tica e independe de desvios a&#233;ticos no v&#237;nculo m&#233;dico-paciente. </p>
    <p> A idealidade em Medicina, necessidade e desejo sempre um pouco mais &#224; frente, tem que se satisfazer com o que se convencionou chamar de estado da arte, um reducionismo a <italic>fa&#231;a, n&#227;o fa&#231;a, talvez fa&#231;a. </italic></p>
    <p> Na avalia&#231;&#227;o de equival&#234;ncia entre o clinicamente evidente e as evid&#234;ncias da literatura, a cl&#237;nica de valvopatia &#233; o mestre que faz aprender que &#233; do receio pela inexist&#234;ncia do ideal terap&#234;utico que nascem estas "estrat&#233;gias de seguran&#231;a" calcadas no verbo fazer. &#201; valor e verdade circunstanciais sustentados pela pot&#234;ncia pol&#234;mica dos entrela&#231;amentos da literatura, pela imprecis&#227;o/incerteza referida por William Bart Osler (1849-1919), pela ambiguidade inevit&#225;vel em constante busca de significados em efeitos e evid&#234;ncias de precis&#227;o. </p>
    <p> Assim, a bio&#233;tica tornou-se bem-vinda &#224; beira do leito<sup>6</sup>. Neste mirante privilegiado do panorama cl&#237;nico, vigilante e solid&#225;ria, ela &#233; olhar penetrante da condi&#231;&#227;o humana da rela&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dico-paciente e holofote potente para a aprecia&#231;&#227;o das fronteiras cl&#225;ssicas e renov&#225;veis do conhecimento das coisas da valvopatia. Simbiose definitiva, em prol da melhor equa&#231;&#227;o individual entre benefic&#234;ncia, n&#227;o-malefic&#234;ncia, autonomia e, porque n&#227;o, apelos para paternalismo. A intimidade dos princ&#237;pios &#224;s diferen&#231;as biol&#243;gicas, ambientais e culturais, t&#227;o presentes em cl&#237;nica de valvopatia, produz respeito &#224; complexidade da Medicina e gera salvaguardas ao seu uso v&#227;o. </p>
    <p> A bio&#233;tica tempera com ingredientes de interdisciplinaridade a substitui&#231;&#227;o da hist&#243;ria natural por hist&#243;ria p&#243;s-operat&#243;ria, em cl&#237;nica de valvopatia e aferventa na chama &#233;tica a aplica&#231;&#227;o do dispon&#237;vel na s&#237;ntese do progresso, n&#227;o necessariamente de an&#225;lise oportuna. Nutre-se assim a humaniza&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p> A bio&#233;tica, como adjuvante da aglutina&#231;&#227;o do saber multiuso de ferramentas proped&#234;uticas e terap&#234;uticas, concorre para selecionar as "verdades" cient&#237;ficas com maior potencial de sucesso cl&#237;nico na vis&#227;o combinada de m&#233;dico e de paciente, em cl&#237;nica de valvopatia. Direito em ascens&#227;o conquistado pela sociedade. </p>
    <p> Neste contexto, a bio&#233;tica capilarizada na beira do leito da valvopatia tornou-se imprescind&#237;vel am&#225;lgama da conectividade entre tecnologias. Ela entrela&#231;a a baixa tecnologia da hipocr&#225;tica anamnese e do bicenten&#225;rio estetosc&#243;pio utilizada pelo cl&#225;ssico m&#233;dico observador-coletor e as inova&#231;&#245;es com diferencia&#231;&#227;o de tecnologia (poucas descobertas geniais e muitas sistematiza&#231;&#245;es subsequentes) da Medicina pesquisadora-estratificadora, na ambienta&#231;&#227;o de nossos muitos Brasis. A bio&#233;tica clareia singularidades de atitude em meio a indaga&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas plurais.</p>
    <p> A bio&#233;tica, enfim, d&#225; equil&#237;brio a tomadas de decis&#227;o perante as verdadeiras imprevis&#245;es cl&#237;nicas das randomiza&#231;&#245;es etiopatog&#234;nicas e fisiopatol&#243;gicas do brasileiro com doen&#231;a valvar. </p>
    <p> A ponte para o futuro de Potter, menos de 40 anos depois desse mesmo livro b&#234;-&#225;-b&#225; da bio&#233;tica, j&#225; &#233; uma ponte do presente para se chegar a um imediato final nos acasos cl&#237;nicos<sup>7</sup>, perpassando o crescente irrealismo dos "casos de livro". Tais fatos permitem o livre tr&#226;nsito da anamnese e do estetosc&#243;pio, s&#237;mbolos da rela&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dico-paciente sem nenhuma perspectiva de aposentadoria. </p>
    <p> A bio&#233;tica cl&#237;nica tem total endosso da cl&#237;nica de valvopatia. &#201; inova&#231;&#227;o transformando-se em cl&#225;ssico!</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesses</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
    </p>
    <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
    </p>
    <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>
      <fn id="nt" fn-type="corresp">
        <p>Correspond&#234;ncia:</p>
        <p> Max Grinberg </p>
        <p> Rua Manoel Antonio Pinto, 04 ap. 21&#170; - Parais&#243;polis </p>
        <p> 05663-020 - S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p><email xlink:href="max@cardiol.br">max@cardiol.br</email>, </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="grinberg@incor.usp.br">grinberg@incor.usp.br</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p> Artigo recebido em 05/08/09; revisado recebido em 05/08/09; aceito em 29/10/09.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <ref id="B1">
        <mixed-citation>1. Opie LH, Commerford PJ, Gersh BJ, Pfeffer MA. Controversies in ventricular remodelling. Lancet. 2006; 367 (9507): 356-67.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <article-title>Controversies in ventricular remodelling</article-title>
          <source>Lancet</source>
          <date>
            <year>2006</year>
          </date>
          <fpage>356</fpage>
          <lpage>67</lpage>
          <issue>9507</issue>
          <volume>367</volume>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Opie</surname>
              <given-names>LH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Commerford</surname>
              <given-names>PJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gersh</surname>
              <given-names>BJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pfeffer</surname>
              <given-names>MA.</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <mixed-citation>2. Cohn JN, Ferrari R, Sharpe N. Cardiac remodeling--concepts and clinical implications: a consensus paper from an international forum on cardiac remodeling. Behalf of an International Forum on Cardiac Remodeling. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000; 35 (3): 569-82.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <article-title>Cardiac remodeling--concepts and clinical implications: a consensus paper from an international forum on cardiac remodeling. Behalf of an International Forum on Cardiac Remodeling</article-title>
          <source>J Am Coll Cardiol.</source>
          <date>
            <year>2000</year>
          </date>
          <fpage>569</fpage>
          <lpage>82</lpage>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <volume>35</volume>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Cohn</surname>
              <given-names>JN</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ferrari</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sharpe</surname>
              <given-names>N.</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <mixed-citation>3. Gupta M-A critical appraisal of evidence-based medicine: some ethical considerations. J Eval Clin Practice. 2003; 9 (2): 111-21.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <article-title>critical appraisal of evidence-based medicine: some ethical considerations</article-title>
          <source>J Eval Clin Practice.</source>
          <date>
            <year>2003</year>
          </date>
          <fpage>111</fpage>
          <lpage>21</lpage>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <volume>9</volume>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Gupta</surname>
              <given-names>M-A</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <mixed-citation>4. Kherlopian AR, Song T, Duan Q, Neimark MA, Po MJ, Gohagan JK, et al. A review of imaging techniques for systems biology. BMC Syst Biol. 2008; 2: 74.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <article-title>A review of imaging techniques for systems biology</article-title>
          <source>BMC Syst Biol.</source>
          <date>
            <year>2008</year>
          </date>
          <fpage>74</fpage>
          <volume>2</volume>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Kherlopian</surname>
              <given-names>AR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Song</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Duan</surname>
              <given-names>Q</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Neimark</surname>
              <given-names>MA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Po</surname>
              <given-names>MJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gohagan</surname>
              <given-names>JK</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <mixed-citation>5. Grinberg M. E(ti)cossistema da cardiologia diretriz -mecenas do estado da arte. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2007; 89 (5): e-136-e-162.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <article-title>E(ti)cossistema da cardiologia diretriz -mecenas do estado da arte</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol.</source>
          <date>
            <year>2007</year>
          </date>
          <fpage>e</fpage>
          <issue>5</issue>
          <volume>89</volume>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Grinberg</surname>
              <given-names>M.</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <mixed-citation>6. Grinberg M. Sintomas e insatisfa&#231;&#227;o: o contexto na qualidade de vida do portador de diferen&#231;a valvar. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2007; 88 (1): e13-e20.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <article-title>Sintomas e insatisfa&#231;&#227;o: o contexto na qualidade de vida do portador de diferen&#231;a valvar</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol.</source>
          <date>
            <year>2007</year>
          </date>
          <fpage>e13</fpage>
          <lpage>e20</lpage>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <volume>88</volume>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Grinberg</surname>
              <given-names>M.</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <mixed-citation>7. Grinberg M. Acaso da beira do leito, causo da bio&#233;tica. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2006; 87 (6): e257-e261.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <article-title>Acaso da beira do leito, causo da bio&#233;tica</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol.</source>
          <date>
            <year>2006</year>
          </date>
          <fpage>e257</fpage>
          <lpage>e261</lpage>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <volume>87</volume>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Grinberg</surname>
              <given-names>M.</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Point of View</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Maintaining the Classic Approach and Innovating in Valvulopathy Clinics: The Balance through Bioethics</article-title>
      </title-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>POINT OF VIEW</bold>
      </p>
      <p><undefined id="tx-body2"/>Maintaining the classic approach and innovating in valvulopathy clinics: the balance through bioethics</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Max Grinberg</bold>
      </p>
      <p> InCor - Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas FMUSP, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</p>
      <p>Mailing address</p>
      <p><bold>Key words:</bold> Heart valve diseases/history; bioethics.</p>
      <p>
        <italic>It is classic: anamnesis and the stethoscope capture sounds of harmony for the clinical reasoning on the management of valvulopathy.</italic>
      </p>
      <p>
        <italic>It is modern: careful dialogue and auscultation result in prudent echoes and resonances.</italic>
      </p>
      <p>
        <italic>It is clinical: high technology does not disregard low technology.</italic>
      </p>
      <p>
        <italic>It is of the bedside: the beneficence of renewal does not require the elimination of the classic.</italic>
      </p>
      <p>
        <italic>It is of bioethics: the non-maleficence of the classic supports the conventionality of innovation.</italic>
      </p>
      <p>The heart adapts by remodeling<sup>1,2</sup>. Cardiology also undergoes remodeling by the hypertrophy of good practices based on the enlargement of technoscientific knowledge frontiers and the acknowledgment of humanization.</p>
      <p>There is much to be pondered about the immutable realities (heart failure, infarct and arrhythmias) that must fit into the organ called heart; and also on the intents and estimates to which such realities are subject, within the organization of knowledge in Cardiology, which confers hopeful clear-mindedness and empowerment to the cardiologist. </p>
      <p>There is much to be pondered about the immutable realities that must fit into the organ called heart; and also on the intents and estimates to which such realities are subject, within the organization of knowledge in Cardiology, which confers hopeful clear-mindedness and empowerment to the cardiologist. </p>
      <p>The resulting professional meaning is generated by propedeutic, therapeutic and prevention statements, negations and contradictions, amidst the classic and the innovation.</p>
      <p>There is an innate rhythm involved in the onset and maintenance of efficient methods. They are impulse systoles and appeasement diastoles, not to mention arrhythmias caused by the premature excitement of hope in the interactive process of creation of new clinical practices. There is a Holter of decades bearing records of this kind in valvulopathy clinics. </p>
      <p>The classic, the innovation of the past that has been tested and attested by Time, is the basis of the culture in Medicine, used to shape the continuity of a new usefulness and efficacy. The good understanding of the classic brings the temporality of the coexistence as contemporary. That is an unquestionable fact in valvulopathy clinics. The phonomechanocardiography disappeared at the onset of echocardiography, but the auscultation through the stethoscope remains eternal. </p>
      <p>The logic of the process of establishing the innovation is based on the recombinations it brings to the assets obtained at bedside, resulting from the integration of the physician&#146;s personal experience with the collective experience of literature. Reinforcement is provided when classical goals are favored by the multiplication of methods and new objectives arise as the aftermath of innovations<sup>3</sup>. </p>
      <p>The XX century witnessed the fast acquisition of cardio-relevant images on a small screen<sup>4</sup>. Morphofunctional diagnoses dismissed, as a consequence, the direct looking at the heart on a workbench. In the XXI century, the renewal of indicators and markers, the new configurations of the gold standards remains a challenge for the clinical sense motivation (verificar com o autor o significado da frase).</p>
      <p>Hearing, sight and touch - the triad of senses that gives the impact of benefit in decision-making on beneficence, non-maleficence at the bedside in valvulopathy clinics. Silence deafens the physician-patient relationship. The clinical eye myopia blinds the integrative reasoning, disregarding it. The scarcity of modesty in science and consciousness desensitizes the decision, dehumanizes it. These are deficiencies that disfigure the classic sense of valvulopathy clinics and damage anything that might arise from the innovations. </p>
      <p>Each strategy to incorporate the bedside benefits requires adjustments in the classic ethical parameters<sup>5</sup>. Specifically, about what did not use to be done, now possible negligence because it is feasible, and the doing it with the modifications, which protects from recklessness. Moreover, new deeds usually bring to light cost-benefit concerns, due to the limited supply of health resources. It is the constant strife between technology and health management <italic>versus</italic> individual and collective benefit. One must not forget that the cardiology care comprehends a broad spectrum of medical services that ranges from primary to quaternary attention.</p>
      <p>Ethical fluidity is maximized by the decrease in conflicts between new principles in Medicine and old individual clinical demands. The last published article - we now know! - the most recent guideline - we now can! - the regional culture - we now understand! - require caution and good sense. This mutuality must work as an ethical tollbooth: from the passage of the innovation condition into the classic one. The bedside clinician learns to perceive the space and time of the novelty, as he experiences direction and velocity through the feedback of using it in his field of action. </p>
      <p>The availability of the valve prosthesis, in its attractive pioneering history since Charles Hufnagel (1916-1989), on September 11 1952 and Albert Starr (1926-...)-Miles Lowell Edwards (1898-1982), in 1961, opened up new perspectives of beneficence. </p>
      <p>The prosthesis remains the imperfect advantage that demanded tolerance to new risks, morally admissible due to the prognosis of the natural history of valvulopathy and ethically expressed by criteria that were born with the characteristic of never being definitive.</p>
      <p>The valvular prosthesis is, half a century later, a classic method. The rite of passage attracted the coexistence between the desired benefits with the malefaction that can be labeled as ethical iatrogeny.</p>
      <p>This term designates that adversity included in the "conduct pamphlets", which is impossible to be disregarded in spite of the good practices. </p>
      <p>The statistics guarantee that there is no benefit without risk; it is true, but one must not forget that the bad outcome can be a consequence of malpractice, and thus, non-ethical iatrogeny. The ethical iatrogeny represents the concept that the upper threshold of medical precision coincides with the imprecision of Medicine. The dysfunction of the bovine pericardial prosthesis due to time-dependent biological processes is an example of ethical iatrogeny and does not depend from ethical deviations in the physician-patient relationship. </p>
      <p>The ideality in Medicine, the need and desire of always being one step further ahead, must be satisfied with what has been conventionally called state-of-the-art, a reductionism to "<italic>do it, do not do it, might do it"</italic>. </p>
      <p>At the assessment of the equivalence between the clinically evident and the literature evidence, the valvulopathy clinics is the master that teaches that these "safety strategies", based on the verb "to do", are born from the fear of the inexistence of the therapeutic ideal. It is value and circumstantial truth supported by the polemic potency of literature entanglements, by the imprecision/uncertainty mentioned by William Bart Osler (1849-1919), by the inevitable ambiguity in constant search of meanings in effects and precision evidence. </p>
      <p>Thus, bioethics became welcome at the bedside<sup>6</sup>. From this privileged lookout in the clinical scenario, vigilant and sympathetic, it is the penetrating view of the human condition on the physician-patient relationship and a potent floodlight for the appreciation of classic and renewable frontiers of knowledge regarding valvulopathy stuff. A definitive symbiosis, in favor of a better individual equation between beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and why not, appeals to paternalism. The intimacy of the principles at the biological, environmental and cultural differences, so frequently present in valvulopathy clinics, produces respect to the complexity of Medicine, generating safeguards against its pointless use. </p>
      <p>Bioethics seasons with ingredients of interdisciplinarity and the substitution of the natural history by the postoperative history, in valvulopathy clinics and simmers on the ethical flame the use of the available in the synthesis of progress, not necessarily of opportune analysis. Humanization is thus fed. </p>
      <p>Bioethics, as an adjuvant in the agglutination of multiuse knowledge of propedeutic and therapeutic tools, concurs to select the scientific "truths" with the biggest potential for clinical success in the combined view of the physician and the patient, in valvulopathy clinics. A right on the rise, attained by society. </p>
      <p>In this context, the capillarized bedside bioethics of valvulopathy became an essential amalgamation of the connectiveness between technologies. It incorporates the low technology of Hippocratic anamnesis and the bicentennial stethoscope used by the classic observer-collector physician and the innovations with technology differentiation (few astonishing discoveries and many subsequent systematizations) of the research-stratifying Medicine, in different scenarios of different "Brazils". The bioethics clarifies attitude singularities amidst various clinical inquiries. </p>
      <p>Finally, the bioethics brings equilibrium to the decision-making in the presence of true unforeseen clinical events of etiopathogenic and physiopathological randomizations of the Brazilian patient with valvular heart disease. </p>
      <p>The bridge to Potter&#146;s future, less than 40 years after this same book, the "ABC of bioethics", is already a bridge to the present in order to reach an immediate end in clinical chances<sup>7</sup>, passing by the increasing unrealism of "book cases". </p>
      <p>Such facts allow the free transit of anamnesis and the stethoscope, symbols of the physician-patient relationship, without any perceptive of retirement. </p>
      <p>The clinical bioethics has the full support of the clinic of valvulopathy. The novelty becomes a classic!</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
      </p>
      <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
      </p>
      <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Study Association</bold>
      </p>
      <p>This study is not associated with any post-graduation program.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
