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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">pB6nbJMG8vZys57SZ4shJCv</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00022</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2010000300022</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(10)09400322</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2010000300022</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta ao Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Anlodipino e enalaprila em doen&#231;a coronariana</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rosa</surname>
            <given-names>Eduardo Maffini da</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Fedrizzi el Andari</surname>
            <given-names>Carolina</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Spagn&#243;l</surname>
            <given-names>Marcio Fernando</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Caxias do Sul</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">Rio Grande do Sul</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de Caxias do Sul</institution>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2010</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>94</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>427</fpage>
      <lpage>428</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2010</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>CARTA AO EDITOR</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Anlodipino e enalaprila em doen&#231;a coronariana</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Eduardo Maffini da Rosa; Carolina Fedrizzi el Andari; Marcio Fernando Spagn&#243;l</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS - Brasil</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="back">Correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p><bold>Palavras chave: </bold> Hipertens&#227;o, Doen&#231;a das Coron&#225;rias, Enalaprilate, Inibidores da Enzima Conversora da Angiotensina.</p>
    <p>Com rela&#231;&#227;o ao estudo "Combina&#231;&#227;o de Anlodipino e Enalaprila em Pacientes Hipertensos com Doen&#231;a Coronariana"<sup>1</sup>, nosso grupo de pesquisa entende que a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de associa&#231;&#245;es fixas, como as apresentadas neste estudo, traz diversas vantagens, especialmente na comodidade da tomada do medicamento e na possibilidade de se usar duas drogas em doses finais menores para atingir o controle da press&#227;o arterial, o que deve refletir numa maior ader&#234;ncia ao tratamento<sup>2</sup> e, consequentemente, em melhores resultados terap&#234;uticos<sup>3</sup>.</p>
    <p>Entretanto, existem situa&#231;&#245;es, como a cardiopatia isqu&#234;mica e o diabetes melito, em que o "espa&#231;o terap&#234;utico" referente &#224; press&#227;o arterial deve ser aproveitado para se atingir a dose ideal de determinadas drogas antes que ocorra hipotens&#227;o<sup>4</sup>.</p>
    <p>No presente caso, usar doses maiores de bloqueadores de canal de c&#225;lcio de segunda gera&#231;&#227;o pode ser interessante para o controle da angina, no caso da cardiopatia isqu&#234;mica, bem como o uso dos inibidores da enzima de convers&#227;o da angiotensina, para a preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria da nefropatia. Entretanto, s&#227;o situa&#231;&#245;es nas quais a associa&#231;&#227;o de outras drogas pode atrapalhar.</p>
    <p>Outro fato importante, no nosso ponto de vista, &#233; que as drogas que est&#227;o envolvidas na associa&#231;&#227;o devem ter meias-vidas semelhantes, para que a cobertura anti-hipertensiva seja igual nas 24 horas do dia com ambos os f&#225;rmacos<sup>5</sup>.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Resposta</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Entendemos que o benef&#237;cio de determinados f&#225;rmacos anti-hipertensivos tem efeito dose-dependente, como &#233; o caso dos inibidores da enzima conversora de angiotensina (IECA) nos pacientes diab&#233;ticos, sobretudo quando se avalia a progress&#227;o da nefropatia diab&#233;tica, independentemente da presen&#231;a ou n&#227;o de hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica<sup>1,2</sup>. Por&#233;m, esse n&#227;o foi nosso objetivo nesse estudo. Al&#233;m disso, na amostra estudada, havia uma pequena preval&#234;ncia de pacientes diab&#233;ticos (apenas dois pacientes no grupo A [6,3%]).</p>
    <p>Quanto aos benef&#237;cios dos antagonistas do canal de c&#225;lcio do grupo dos di-idropirid&#237;nicos na doen&#231;a isqu&#234;mica cr&#244;nica do cora&#231;&#227;o, al&#233;m do j&#225; estabelecido poder antianginoso deste tipo de medicamento, o anlodipino mostrou-se tamb&#233;m ben&#233;fico, quando comparado ao placebo e ao maleato de enalaprila, ao se avaliar a redu&#231;&#227;o de eventos cardiovasculares e a progress&#227;o da aterosclerose em pacientes com press&#227;o arterial normal<sup>3</sup>.</p>
    <p>Quanto &#224; meia-vida dos f&#225;rmacos utilizados em nosso estudo, a press&#227;o arterial foi aferida sempre pela manh&#227;, antes da tomada di&#225;ria do medicamento, portanto no vale do seu efeito, e assim conseguimos excelente controle press&#243;rico: press&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica menor ou igual a 85 mmHg em 93,8%-95,0% dos casos nos grupos A e B (p = ns), respectivamente, e press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica (m&#233;dia <underline>+</underline> DP) de 127,7 <underline>+</underline> 13,4 e 125,3 <underline>+</underline> 12,6 mmHg nos grupos A e B, respectivamente (p = 0,45).</p>
    <p>Considerando os resultados do estudo ACCOMPLISH<sup>4</sup>, recentemente publicado, que comparou a combina&#231;&#227;o fixa de IECA (benazeprila) e antagonista do canal de c&#225;lcio (anlodipino) com a combina&#231;&#227;o fixa de IECA e diur&#233;tico (hidroclorotiazida), e que mostrou redu&#231;&#227;o da morbimortalidade cardiovascular em pacientes hipertensos portadores de doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria cr&#244;nica que utilizaram a primeira combina&#231;&#227;o fixa, v&#234;-se que a associa&#231;&#227;o das duas classes de f&#225;rmacos utilizadas no nosso estudo acrescenta benef&#237;cio al&#233;m do esperado pela simples redu&#231;&#227;o na press&#227;o arterial, comprovado posteriormente pelo subestudo de Monitoriza&#231;&#227;o Ambulatorial da Press&#227;o Arterial de 24 horas nos pacientes do estudo ACCOMPLISH<sup>5</sup>, que n&#227;o evidenciou nenhuma diferen&#231;a nas medidas de press&#227;o arterial entre os dois grupos de tratamento. Deve-se ter em mente que a benazeprila tem exatamente o mesmo perfil farmacocin&#233;tico da enalaprila.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Dr. Luiz Ant&#244;nio Machado C&#233;sar</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Refer&#234;ncias</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <fn id="back" fn-type="corresp">
        <label>
          <bold> Correspond&#234;ncia:</bold>
        </label>
        <p>Marcio Fernando Spagn&#243;l </p>
        <p> Rua Ernesto Alves, 2131, apto104 - Centro </p>
        <p> 95020-360 - Caxias do Sul, RS - Brasil </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="marciospagnol@gmail.com">marciospagnol@gmail.com</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
  </body>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Letter to the Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Amlodipine and enalapril in coronary disease</article-title>
      </title-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>LETTER TO THE EDITOR</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <fn id="top-body2">
          <label>
            <bold>Amlodipine and enalapril in coronarydisease</bold>
          </label>
          <p>
            <bold>Eduardo Maffini da Rosa, Carolina Fedrizzi el Andari, Marcio Fernando Spagn&#243;l</bold>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </p>
      <p>Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS - Brazil</p>
      <p>Mailing address</p>
      <p><bold>Key words:</bold> Hypertension; coronary disease; enalaprilat; angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.</p>
      <p>Regarding the study "Combination of Amlodipine and Enalapril in Hypertensive Patients with Coronary Disease"<sup>1</sup>, our group of research understands that the use of fixed associations, as the ones presented in this study, brings several advantages, especially regarding the good patient adherence when taking the medication and the possibility of using two drugs at smaller final doses to attain the control of arterial pressure, which must result in a higher adherence to treatment<sup>2</sup>, and, consequently, in better therapeutic results<sup>3</sup>.</p>
      <p>However, there are situations, such as in ischemic cardiopathy and diabetes mellitus, in which the "therapeutic space" corresponding to the arterial pressure must be used to attain the ideal dose of certain drugs before hypotension occurs<sup>4</sup>.</p>
      <p>In the present case, to use higher doses of second-generation calcium channel blockers can be interesting to control angina, in case of ischemic cardiopathy, as well as the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for the secondary prevention of nephropathy. However, these are situations in which the association of other drugs can be troublesome.</p>
      <p>Another important fact, from our point of view, is that the drugs that are involved in the association must have a similar half-life, so that the antihypertensive coverage is the same throughout the 24 hours of the day, with both drugs<sup>5</sup>.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
      <p>1. Rienzo M, Saraiva JFK, Nogueira PR, Gomes EPSG, Moretti MA, Ferreira JFM, et al. Combina&#231;&#227;o de anlodipino e enalaprila em pacientes hipertensos com doen&#231;a coronariana. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2009; 92 (3): 183-9.</p>
      <p>2. Morris AB, Li J, Kroenke K, Bruner-England TE, Young JM, Murray MD. Factors associated with drug adherence and blood pressure control in patients with hypertension. Pharmacotherapy. 2006; 26 (4): 483-92.</p>
      <p>3. Kettani FZ, Dragomir A, Cote R, Roy L, Berard A, Blais L, et al. Impact of a better adherence to antihypertensive agents on cerebrovascular disease for primary prevention. Stroke. 2009; 40 (1): 213-20.</p>
      <p>4. Goncalves CB, Moreira LB, Gus M, Fuchs FD. Adverse events of blood-pressure-lowering drugs: evidence of high incidence in a clinical setting. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2007; 63 (10): 973-8.</p>
      <p>5. Goodman LS, Gilman A, Brunton LL, Lazo JS, Parker KL. Goodman &amp; Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 11th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2006.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Response to Rosa et al</bold>
      </p>
      <p>We understand that the benefit of certain antihypertensive drugs have a dose-dependent effect, as in the case of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) in diabetic patients, especially when one evaluates the progression of diabetic nephropathy, regardless of the presence or absence of systemic arterial hypertension<sup>1,2</sup>. However, this was not the objective of our study. Moreover, in the studied sample, there was a small prevalence of diabetic patients (only two patients in group A [6.3%]).</p>
      <p>Regarding the benefits of calcium-channel antagonists from the dihydropyridine group in chronic ischemic heart disease, in addition to the already established anti-angina effect of this type of medication, Amlodipine has also shown to be beneficial when compared to placebo and enalapril maleate, when evaluating the decrease in cardiovascular events and the progression of atherosclerosis in patients with normal blood pressure<sup>3</sup>.</p>
      <p>Regarding the half-life of the drugs used in our study, the blood pressure was always measured in the morning, before the medication was taken, therefore at the lowest point of its effect and thus, we obtained excellent pressure control: diastolic arterial pressure <underline>&lt;</underline> 85 mmHg in 93.8%-95.0% of the cases in groups A and B (p=ns), respectively, and systolic arterial pressure (mean &#177; SD) of 127.7 <underline>+</underline> 13.4 and 125.3 <underline>+</underline> 12.6 mmHg in groups A and B, respectively (p = 0.45).</p>
      <p>Considering the results of the recently published ACCOMPLISH study<sup>4</sup>, which compared the fixed combination of ACEI (benazepril) and calcium-channel antagonist (Amlodipine) and showed a decrease in the cardiovascular morbimortality in hypertensive patients with chronic coronary disease that used the first fixed combination, it can be observed that the association of the two classes of drugs used in our study adds a benefit beyond the expected one, due to the frank decrease in blood pressure, subsequently demonstrated by the Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring sub-study in the patients from the ACCOMPLISH study<sup>5</sup>, which did not show any difference in the blood pressure measurement between the two treatment groups. One must bear in mind that benazepril has exactly the same pharmacokinetic profile of enalapril.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Resposta</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Entendemos que o benef&#237;cio de determinados f&#225;rmacos anti-hipertensivos tem efeito dose-dependente, como &#233; o caso dos inibidores da enzima conversora de angiotensina (IECA) nos pacientes diab&#233;ticos, sobretudo quando se avalia a progress&#227;o da nefropatia diab&#233;tica, independentemente da presen&#231;a ou n&#227;o de hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica<sup>1,2</sup>. Por&#233;m, esse n&#227;o foi nosso objetivo nesse estudo. Al&#233;m disso, na amostra estudada, havia uma pequena preval&#234;ncia de pacientes diab&#233;ticos (apenas dois pacientes no grupo A [6,3%]).</p>
      <p>Quanto aos benef&#237;cios dos antagonistas do canal de c&#225;lcio do grupo dos di-idropirid&#237;nicos na doen&#231;a isqu&#234;mica cr&#244;nica do cora&#231;&#227;o, al&#233;m do j&#225; estabelecido poder antianginoso deste tipo de medicamento, o anlodipino mostrou-se tamb&#233;m ben&#233;fico, quando comparado ao placebo e ao maleato de enalaprila, ao se avaliar a redu&#231;&#227;o de eventos cardiovasculares e a progress&#227;o da aterosclerose em pacientes com press&#227;o arterial normal<sup>3</sup>.</p>
      <p>Quanto &#224; meia-vida dos f&#225;rmacos utilizados em nosso estudo, a press&#227;o arterial foi aferida sempre pela manh&#227;, antes da tomada di&#225;ria do medicamento, portanto no vale do seu efeito, e assim conseguimos excelente controle press&#243;rico: press&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica menor ou igual a 85 mmHg em 93,8%-95,0% dos casos nos grupos A e B (p = ns), respectivamente, e press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica (m&#233;dia <underline>+</underline> DP) de 127,7 <underline>+</underline> 13,4 e 125,3 <underline>+</underline> 12,6 mmHg nos grupos A e B, respectivamente (p = 0,45).</p>
      <p>Considerando os resultados do estudo ACCOMPLISH<sup>4</sup>, recentemente publicado, que comparou a combina&#231;&#227;o fixa de IECA (benazeprila) e antagonista do canal de c&#225;lcio (anlodipino) com a combina&#231;&#227;o fixa de IECA e diur&#233;tico (hidroclorotiazida), e que mostrou redu&#231;&#227;o da morbimortalidade cardiovascular em pacientes hipertensos portadores de doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria cr&#244;nica que utilizaram a primeira combina&#231;&#227;o fixa, v&#234;-se que a associa&#231;&#227;o das duas classes de f&#225;rmacos utilizadas no nosso estudo acrescenta benef&#237;cio al&#233;m do esperado pela simples redu&#231;&#227;o na press&#227;o arterial, comprovado posteriormente pelo subestudo de Monitoriza&#231;&#227;o Ambulatorial da Press&#227;o Arterial de 24 horas nos pacientes do estudo ACCOMPLISH<sup>5</sup>, que n&#227;o evidenciou nenhuma diferen&#231;a nas medidas de press&#227;o arterial entre os dois grupos de tratamento. Deve-se ter em mente que a benazeprila tem exatamente o mesmo perfil farmacocin&#233;tico da enalaprila.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Dr. Luiz Ant&#244;nio Machado C&#233;sar</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Refer&#234;ncias</bold>
      </p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
