<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" specific-use="sps-1.9" dtd-version="1.1" xml:lang="pt" article-type="case-report">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">qPw9ypvFnRSKtjHLzNDM7ZH</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00013</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2008001700013</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(08)09100513</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2008001700013</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Correla&#231;&#227;o Cl&#237;nico-Radiogr&#225;fica</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Caso 6/2008: lactente de 13 meses, do sexo masculino, com vaso colateral sist&#234;mico-pulmonar para o lobo inferior esquerdo, com poss&#237;vel f&#237;stula arteriovenosa nesse mesmo lobo, com cora&#231;&#227;o estruturalmente normal</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Atik</surname>
            <given-names>Edmar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina </institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2008</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>91</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>362</fpage>
      <lpage>364</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2009</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>CORRELA&#199;&#195;O CL&#205;NICO-RADIOGR&#193;FICA</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Caso 6/2008 - lactente de 13 meses, do sexo masculino, com vaso colateral sist&#234;mico-pulmonar para o lobo inferior esquerdo, com poss&#237;vel f&#237;stula arteriovenosa nesse mesmo lobo, com cora&#231;&#227;o estruturalmente normal</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Edmar Atik</bold>
    </p>
    <p> Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo &#150; S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#150; Brasil</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end">Correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p><bold>Palavras-chave:</bold> F&#237;stula arteriovenosa, cardiomegalia, insufici&#234;ncia da valva mitral.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Dados cl&#237;nicos</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Descoberto cardiomegalia em radiografia de t&#243;rax em vig&#234;ncia de pneumonia, com sete meses de idade. Cansa&#231;o discreto foi notado desde ent&#227;o, mantendo-se sem medica&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Exame f&#237;sico</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Taquipn&#233;ia discreta, acian&#243;tico (satura&#231;&#227;o capilar de 98%) e pulsos normalmente palpados nos quatro membros. Peso: 12 kg, altura: 78 cm. PA: 90/60 mmHg. FC: 128 bpm. Aorta n&#227;o era palpada na f&#250;rcula.</p>
    <p>No prec&#243;rdio n&#227;o havia deformidades ou impuls&#245;es. O <italic>ictus cordis</italic> foi palpado no 4&#186; espa&#231;o intercostal esquerdo na linha hemiclavicular e limitado por uma polpa digital. A 2&#170; bulha card&#237;aca era discretamente hiperfon&#233;tica na &#225;rea pulmonar e foi auscultado sopro sist&#243;lico, de eje&#231;&#227;o, na &#225;rea mitral e no dorso &#224; esquerda. </p>
    <p>Os pulm&#245;es estavam bem aerados e sem ru&#237;dos advent&#237;cios, e o f&#237;gado era palpado a 1,5 cm do rebordo costal direito. </p>
    <p>O eletrocardiograma mostrava ritmo sinusal e sinais de sobrecarga da cavidade ventricular esquerda, dada a presen&#231;a de ondas QR acentuadas de V4 a V6, com &#194;QRS a +40&#186;, &#194;P:+60&#186; e &#194;T: +10&#186;. </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Imagem radiogr&#225;fica</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Mostra &#225;rea card&#237;aca de dimens&#227;o discretamente aumentada, com arco ventricular esquerdo alongado e arredondado e com trama vascular pulmonar normal. O arco m&#233;dio est&#225; escavado. Chama a aten&#231;&#227;o uma imagem hipertransparente, no lobo inferior esquerdo e retrocard&#237;aca, que salienta nesse local a trama vascular pulmonar mais proeminente e de bordos pouco n&#237;tidos (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig01">fig.1</xref>).</p>
    <fig id="fig01">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-91-05-0362-00013-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>
      <bold>Impress&#227;o diagn&#243;stica</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Essa imagem radiogr&#225;fica &#233; compat&#237;vel com o diagn&#243;stico de poss&#237;veis f&#237;stulas pronunciadas arteriovenosas pulmonares no lobo inferior esquerdo, ou ainda por vasos sist&#234;mico-pulmonares, com conseq&#252;ente aumento ventricular esquerdo.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Diagn&#243;stico diferencial</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Aumento de ventr&#237;culo esquerdo com trama vascular pulmonar normal poderia tamb&#233;m orientar para cardiopatia com insufici&#234;ncia valvar mitral ou mesmo para miocardiopatia dilatada. </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Confirma&#231;&#227;o diagn&#243;stica</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Os elementos cl&#237;nicos foram compat&#237;veis com o diagn&#243;stico inicial de insufici&#234;ncia mitral, corroborados com o ecocardiograma que salientava aumento discreto das cavidades esquerdas. No entanto, n&#227;o havia sinais de regurgita&#231;&#227;o no n&#237;vel da valva mitral, mas fluxo sist&#234;mico-pulmonar em aorta descendente por poss&#237;vel vaso colateral. Angiotomografia mostrou vaso colateral calibroso com 7 mm de di&#226;metro na por&#231;&#227;o inferior da aorta descendente, que continuava com a art&#233;ria lobar inferior esquerda. A partir da&#237;, visibiliza&#231;&#227;o de vasos calibrosos e tortuosos no lobo inferior esquerdo e com drenagem r&#225;pida pela veia pulmonar inferior ao &#225;trio esquerdo (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig02">fig.2</xref>). O cateterismo card&#237;aco mostrou esse mesmo aspecto angiogr&#225;fico, com fluxo de retorno venoso pulmonar r&#225;pido para as cavidades esquerdas (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig02">fig.2</xref>). A cintilografia pulmonar com tecn&#233;sio em inje&#231;&#227;o venosa mostrou a falta de mapeamento no lobo inferior esquerdo, sendo o fluxo pulmonar direito de 60%, o pulmonar esquerdo de 30,2%, e o fluxo sist&#234;mico de 9,7%. Inje&#231;&#227;o seletiva do radiois&#243;topo diretamente na colateral sist&#234;mico-pulmonar revelou que 30% desse fluxo se desviava para o lado sist&#234;mico caracterizando possivelmente a presen&#231;a de f&#237;stula arteriovenosa nesse lobo.</p>
    <fig id="fig02">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-91-05-0362-00013-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>
      <bold>Conduta</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Dada a desconex&#227;o com a &#225;rvore arterial pulmonar, ademais da f&#237;stula arteriovenosa pulmonar, foi realizada a lobectomia pulmonar inferior esquerda, ap&#243;s a dissec&#231;&#227;o e ligadura do vaso sist&#234;mico pulmonar, da art&#233;ria lobar inferior esquerda e do br&#244;nquio inferior esquerdo. Bi&#243;psia pulmonar desse lobo revelou hipertens&#227;o arterial pulmonar, grau IV de Heath-Edwards. A evolu&#231;&#227;o foi boa.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Considera&#231;&#245;es</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Sem cardiopatia demonstrada, mas com f&#237;stulas arteriovenosas pulmonares, a aus&#234;ncia de cianose pode ser explicada por desvio arteriovenoso de sangue j&#225; saturado desde a aorta para o lobo inferior esquerdo, o que orienta em &#250;ltima an&#225;lise para um tipo de seq&#252;estro pulmonar. Dada a magnitude desse desvio de sangue, explica-se da&#237; o aumento do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo na radiografia de t&#243;rax e a sobrecarga ventricular esquerda no eletrocardiograma. A lobectomia pulmonar foi considerada mais eficaz e de menor risco que a conex&#227;o da art&#233;ria lobar inferior esquerda com o restante da &#225;rvore arterial pulmonar, ainda mais que havia acentuado e irrevers&#237;vel grau de hipertens&#227;o pulmonar.</p>
    <p>
      <fn id="end" fn-type="corresp">
        <p>Correspond&#234;ncia:</p>
        <p> Edmar Atik </p>
        <p> InCor </p>
        <p> Av. Dr. En&#233;as Carvalho de Aguiar, 44 </p>
        <p> 05403-000 - S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="conatik@incor.usp.br">conatik@incor.usp.br</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
  </body>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Clinicalradiological Session</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Case 6/2008: thirteen-month-old male infant, with systemic-pulmonary collateral vessel into the left inferior lobe, with possible arteriovenous fistula in the same lobe, with a structurally normal heart</article-title>
      </title-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>CLINICORADIOLOGICAL SESSION</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Case 6/2008 &#150; thirteen-month-old male infant, with systemic-pulmonary collateral vessel into the left inferior lobe, with possible arteriovenous fistula in the same lobe, with a structurally normal heart</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Edmar Atik</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo &#150; S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#150; Brazil</p>
      <p>
        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end-body2">Mailing Address</xref>
      </p>
      <p><bold>Key Words:</bold> Arteriovenous fistula; cardiomegaly; mitral valve insufficiency.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Clinical Data</bold>
      </p>
      <p>A cardiomegaly was discovered during chest x-ray indicated due to pneumonia at 7 months of age. Slight fatigue was noticed since then and the patient was kept without medication.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Physical examination</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The patient presented slight tachypnea, was acyanotic (98% capillary saturation) and pulses were normally palpated in the upper and in lower limbs. Weight was 12 kg, height= 78 cm, BP= 90/60 mmHg, HR= 128 bpm. The aorta was not palpated at the suprasternal notch.</p>
      <p>The precordium showed no deformities or impulsions. The ictus cordis was palpated in the 4th left intercostal space in the hemiclavicular line and was limited by one digital pulp. The second heart sound was slightly hyperphonetic in the pulmonary area and a systolic ejection murmur was ausculted in the mitral area and the dorsum to the left.</p>
      <p>The lungs were well ventilated and had no adventitious sounds; the liver was palpated at 1.5 cm from the right costal border.</p>
      <p>The electrocardiogram showed a sinus rhythm and signs of left ventricular overload, considering the presence of accentuated QR waves of V4 to V6, with &#194;QRS in +40&#186;, &#194;P:+60&#186; and &#194;T: +10&#186;.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Radiographic imaging</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The radiographic imaging showed slightly augmented cardiac area, with elongated and rounded left ventricular arch and normal pulmonary vascular network. The middle arch was concave. It was noteworthy a retrocardiac hypertransparent image in the left lower lobe, which shows the more prominent pulmonary vascular network with indistinct borders (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig01-body2">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
      <fig id="fig01-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-91-05-0362-00013-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>
        <bold>Diagnostic impression</bold>
      </p>
      <p>This radiographic image is compatible with the diagnosis of possible accentuated arteriovenous pulmonary fistulae in the lower left lobe, or systemic-pulmonary vessels, with a consequent left ventricular increase.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Differential diagnosis</bold>
      </p>
      <p>An increased left ventricle with normal pulmonary vascular network could also suggest a cardiopathy with mitral valve failure or even dilated myocardiopathy.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Diagnostic confirmation</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The clinical elements were compatible with the initial diagnosis of mitral failure, corroborated by the echocardiogram, which showed a slight increase of the left cavities. However, there were no signs of regurgitation at the level of mitral valve, but a systemic-pulmonary flow in the descending aorta due to possible collateral vessel. An angiotomography showed a large-caliber collateral vessel with 7 mm of diameter in the inferior descending aorta that continued with the left lower lobar artery. From then on, the large-caliber and winding vessels in the left lower lobe were visualized, with rapid drainage through the inferior pulmonary vein to the left atrium (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig02-body2">Figure 2</xref>). The cardiac catheterism showed this same angiographic aspect, with a rapid pulmonary venous return flow to the left cavities (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig02-body2">Figure 2</xref>). The lung scintigraphy with technetium 99m showed the lack of mapping in the left lower lobe, with a right pulmonary flow of 60%, left pulmonary flow of 30.2% and systemic flow of 9.7%. A selective injection of the radionuclide directly into the systemic-pulmonary collateral vessels showed that 30% of this flow shunted to the systemic side, possibly characterizing the presence of an arteriovenous fistula in this lobe.</p>
      <fig id="fig02-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-91-05-0362-00013-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>
        <bold>Procedure</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Considering the disconnection with the pulmonary arterial tree, in addition to the pulmonary arteriovenous fistula, a left inferior pulmonary lobectomy was performed, after the dissection and ligature of the systemic pulmonary vessel, the left inferior lobar artery and the left inferior bronchus. A pulmonary biopsy of this lobe showed Heath-Edwards grade IV pulmonary arterial hypertension. The patient's evolution was good.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Considerations</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Without demonstrated cardiopathies, but with arteriovenous pulmonary fistulae, the absence of cyanosis can be explained by an arteriovenous blood shunt, already saturated from the aorta to the left inferior lobe, which suggests, at a final analysis, to a type of pulmonary sequestration.</p>
      <p>Given the magnitude of this blood shunting, the increase in the left ventricle in the chest x-ray and the left ventricular overload at the electrocardiogram can be explained (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig02-body2">Figure 2</xref>). The pulmonary lobectomy was deemed to be more effective and lower-risk than the connection of the left inferior lobar artery with the rest of the pulmonary arterial tree, especially considering the existing accentuated and irreversible degree of pulmonary hypertension.</p>
      <p>
        <fn id="end-body2" fn-type="corresp">
          <label>
            <bold>Mailing Address:</bold>
          </label>
          <p> Edmar Atik</p>
          <p> InCor - Av. Dr. En&#233;as Carvalho de Aguiar, 44</p>
          <p> 05403-000 - S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</p>
          <p> E-mail: </p>
          <p>
            <email xlink:href="conatik@incor.usp.br">conatik@incor.usp.br</email>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
