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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">MjDQPtvWsHHnqgYyY8w4tNK</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00017</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2008001600017</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(08)09100417</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2008001600017</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Interven&#231;&#227;o coronariana percut&#226;nea prim&#225;ria pelo acesso transulnar: seguran&#231;a e efic&#225;cia</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Andrade</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Beraldo de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tebet</surname>
            <given-names>Marden Andr&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Andrade</surname>
            <given-names>M&#244;nica Vieira Athanazio de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Labrunie</surname>
            <given-names>Andr&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mattos</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Alberto Piva e</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Mar&#237;lia</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Irmandade da Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de Mar&#237;lia</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff03">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia</institution>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff02">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Londrina</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o de Londrina</institution>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2008</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>91</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>e41</fpage>
      <lpage>e44</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>25</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2008</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>18</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2008</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>18</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2007</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>O acesso transradial &#233; seguro e eficaz na realiza&#231;&#227;o de procedimentos coron&#225;rios. Por&#233;m, seu uso pode estar comprometido em casos de varia&#231;&#245;es anat&#244;micas da art&#233;ria radial, espasmo e negatividade do teste de Allen. O acesso transulnar surge como uma alternativa vi&#225;vel em substitui&#231;&#227;o &#224; abordagem transradial. Reportamos o caso de um paciente submetido &#224; angioplastia prim&#225;ria pela via ulnar com sucesso, sem complica&#231;&#245;es isqu&#234;micas da m&#227;o, a despeito de oclus&#227;o pr&#233;via da art&#233;ria radial correspondente.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt" kwd-group-type="author-generated">
        <kwd>Interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea prim&#225;ria</kwd>
        <kwd>Acesso radial</kwd>
        <kwd>Acesso ulnar</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>11</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2008</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>RELATO DE CASO</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Interven&#231;&#227;o coronariana percut&#226;nea prim&#225;ria pelo acesso transulnar: seguran&#231;a e efic&#225;cia</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Pedro Beraldo de Andrade<sup>I, II</sup>; Marden Andr&#233; Tebet<sup>I, II</sup>; M&#244;nica Vieira Athanazio de Andrade<sup>I</sup>; Andr&#233; Labrunie<sup>I, II</sup>; Luiz Alberto Piva e Mattos<sup>I, III</sup></bold>
    </p>
    <p><sup>I</sup>Irmandade da Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de Mar&#237;lia, Mar&#237;lia, SP </p>
    <p><sup>II</sup>Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o de Londrina, Londrina, PR </p>
    <p><sup>III</sup>Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil </p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="back">Correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>RESUMO</bold>
    </p>
    <p>O acesso transradial &#233; seguro e eficaz na realiza&#231;&#227;o de procedimentos coron&#225;rios. Por&#233;m, seu uso pode estar comprometido em casos de varia&#231;&#245;es anat&#244;micas da art&#233;ria radial, espasmo e negatividade do teste de Allen. O acesso transulnar surge como uma alternativa vi&#225;vel em substitui&#231;&#227;o &#224; abordagem transradial. Reportamos o caso de um paciente submetido &#224; angioplastia prim&#225;ria pela via ulnar com sucesso, sem complica&#231;&#245;es isqu&#234;micas da m&#227;o, a despeito de oclus&#227;o pr&#233;via da art&#233;ria radial correspondente.</p>
    <p><bold>Palavras-chave:</bold> Interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea prim&#225;ria, Acesso radial, Acesso ulnar</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>A seguran&#231;a e efic&#225;cia do acesso transradial na realiza&#231;&#227;o de procedimentos coron&#225;rios est&#227;o estabelecidas. O uso dessa via demonstrou ser poss&#237;vel reduzir as complica&#231;&#245;es vasculares no s&#237;tio de pun&#231;&#227;o, os custos e o tempo de perman&#234;ncia hospitalar, al&#233;m de propiciar maior conforto e deambula&#231;&#227;o precoce aos pacientes, quando comparada &#224;s vias femoral e braquial<sup>1,2</sup>. Entretanto, varia&#231;&#245;es anat&#244;micas da art&#233;ria radial, vasoespasmo e suprimento inadequado da circula&#231;&#227;o do arco palmar constituem fatores limitantes ao seu emprego<sup>3</sup>.</p>
    <p>Desde o primeiro relato em 2001 por Terashima e cols.<sup>4</sup>, a art&#233;ria ulnar vem surgindo como uma via de acesso alternativa em situa&#231;&#245;es em que h&#225; impossibilidade de utiliza&#231;&#227;o da art&#233;ria radial. Reportamos o caso de um paciente submetido &#224; angioplastia prim&#225;ria via ulnar direita, apresentando oclus&#227;o pr&#233;via da art&#233;ria radial ipsilateral demonstrada angiograficamente.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Relato do Caso</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Paciente de 63 anos, masculino, com antecedentes de diabetes melito, dislipidemia e infarto do mioc&#225;rdio de parede lateral h&#225; tr&#234;s anos, submetido &#224; angioplastia prim&#225;ria com implante de <italic>stent</italic> para art&#233;ria primeira diagonal. Em setembro de 2007, foi encaminhado para realiza&#231;&#227;o de cinecoronariografia por quadro de precordialgia t&#237;pica, intensa, iniciada h&#225; quatro horas, acompanhada de sudorese fria e palidez cut&#226;nea. Ao exame f&#237;sico, o paciente estava normotenso e taquic&#225;rdico, com auscultas pulmonar e card&#237;aca sem altera&#231;&#245;es, aus&#234;ncia de pulso radial direito, sendo os demais palp&#225;veis e sim&#233;tricos. O eletrocardiograma apresentava supradesnivelamento de ST de 2 mm nas deriva&#231;&#245;es D<sub>2</sub>, D<sub>3</sub> e aVf. Com hist&#243;rico de tr&#234;s procedimentos realizados pela via radial direita, esta encontrava-se oclu&#237;da (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">fig. 1</xref>), mas o exame f&#237;sico revelou pulso ulnar 3+/4+, com teste de Allen inverso positivo, denotando circula&#231;&#227;o sang&#252;&#237;nea adequada pelo arco palmar profundo. Optou-se por realiza&#231;&#227;o do exame via transulnar direita.</p>
    <p content-type="asset">
      <fig id="f1">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-91-04-0e41-00017-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>Por meio de hiperextens&#227;o do punho, a art&#233;ria ulnar foi puncionada 1 cm proximal ao osso pisiforme, utilizando-se agulha com cateter de polietileno tipo Jelco<sup>&#174;</sup> tamanho 20. Ap&#243;s a pun&#231;&#227;o, um fio-guia de 0,021 polegadas foi introduzido, seguido de pequena incis&#227;o cut&#226;nea com bisturi n&#186; 11 e inser&#231;&#227;o de introdutor curto (10 cm) 6 French (Terumo Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Uma solu&#231;&#227;o contendo 5.000 UI de heparina e 10 mg de mononitrato de isossorbida foi injetada por meio da extens&#227;o do introdutor.</p>
    <p>A coron&#225;ria esquerda encontrava-se sem les&#245;es obstrutivas e exibia <italic>stent</italic> em primeira diagonal, com resultado mantido. A coron&#225;ria direita apresentava les&#227;o de 90% em seu 1/3 distal, envolvendo origem de ramo descendente posterior, e oclus&#227;o ostial de ramo ventricular posterior. Sob infus&#227;o endovenosa de tirofiban (dose de 25 &#181;g/kg em <italic>bolus</italic> seguido de 0,15 &#181;g/kg/min por 12 horas), heparina n&#227;o-fracionada 100 U/kg, AAS 300 mg e clopidogrel 300 mg de ataque, realizou-se recanaliza&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica, seguida inicialmente de implante de <italic>stent</italic> Libert&#233; 3,0 x 20 mm (Boston Scientific, Massachusetts, USA) em 1/3 distal de coron&#225;ria direita e &#243;stio de descendente posterior. Por resultado sub&#243;timo em &#243;stio de art&#233;ria ventricular posterior (fluxo TIMI 1), optou-se por implante de segundo <italic>stent</italic> Libert&#233; 2,75 x 12 mm (Boston Scientific, Massachusetts, USA), utilizando t&#233;cnica de T <italic>stenting</italic> e finalizando o procedimento com <italic>kissing-balloon</italic>, com resultado final satisfat&#243;rio (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">fig. 2</xref>), fluxo TIMI 3, al&#237;vio completo da dor e resolu&#231;&#227;o do supradesnivelamento de ST. Apesar do tempo prolongado de exame (120 minutos de dura&#231;&#227;o, 34 minutos de fluoroscopia), houve espasmo leve da via de acesso, sem relato de dor pelo paciente. Ao t&#233;rmino do procedimento, o introdutor foi removido e hemostasia realizada com curativo compressivo por meio de bandagem el&#225;stica adesiva porosa (Tensoplast<sup>&#174;</sup>) por 4 horas.</p>
    <p content-type="asset">
      <fig id="f2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-91-04-0e41-00017-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>Ap&#243;s 72 horas de interna&#231;&#227;o, o ecodopplercardiograma transtor&#225;cico revelou discreta hipocinesia &#237;nfero-lateral de ventr&#237;culo esquerdo, com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o preservada, possibilitando alta hospitalar precoce. Ao exame do punho, verificaram-se presen&#231;a de pulso ulnar 3+/4+, teste de Allen modificado e inverso positivos, aus&#234;ncia de hematoma, sopro ou fr&#234;mito. Por meio de contato telef&#244;nico ap&#243;s 30 dias, o paciente permanecia assintom&#225;tico, sem altera&#231;&#245;es ou queixas relacionadas ao s&#237;tio de pun&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Discuss&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>A art&#233;ria ulnar &#233; descrita como o maior e menos tortuoso dos ramos da art&#233;ria braquial, tornando-a menos propensa a espasmo<sup>5</sup>. Por&#233;m, com um curso mais profundo e conseq&#252;entemente menos palp&#225;vel quando comparada &#224; art&#233;ria radial, e por estar paralela ao nervo e &#224; veia correspondentes, seu uso foi preterido na realiza&#231;&#227;o de procedimentos percut&#226;neos. Com a maior aceita&#231;&#227;o e emprego da t&#233;cnica transradial, muitos servi&#231;os que a adotam rotineiramente deparam com a necessidade de converter um procedimento para via transfemoral por impossibilidade de acesso radial.</p>
    <p>S&#233;ries de casos com n&#250;mero variado de pacientes<sup>4,5-7</sup>, sendo a maior envolvendo 172 pacientes<sup>8</sup>, com acompanhamento ultra-sonogr&#225;fico de controle, demonstraram que, na impossibilidade do uso do acesso transradial, o acesso transulnar mostrou-se uma op&#231;&#227;o adicional, com baixas taxas de complica&#231;&#245;es vasculares maiores, sendo os hematomas em sua maioria discretos, envolvendo apenas tecido subcut&#226;neo, aus&#234;ncia de les&#245;es do nervo ulnar, oclus&#227;o assintom&#225;tica da art&#233;ria ulnar inferior a 5%, sem comprometimento isqu&#234;mico da m&#227;o, raros casos de f&#237;stula arteriovenosa e pseudo-aneurisma. Achados semelhantes foram relatados no uso da via transulnar para realiza&#231;&#227;o de angioplastia prim&#225;ria<sup>9</sup>. Quando se comparou o acesso transulnar com a via transradial, em um estudo randomizado envolvendo pacientes submetidos &#224; angioplastia coron&#225;ria, n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;as quanto &#224;s complica&#231;&#245;es na via de acesso, ao sucesso do procedimento, &#224; dura&#231;&#227;o do exame e ao tempo de fluoroscopia<sup>10</sup>.</p>
    <p>Nesse contexto, a utiliza&#231;&#227;o da via transulnar surge como uma alternativa vi&#225;vel e segura na realiza&#231;&#227;o de procedimentos coron&#225;rios. Relatamos o caso de um paciente com oclus&#227;o da art&#233;ria radial direita por m&#250;ltiplas interven&#231;&#245;es pr&#233;vias, mas com enchimento distal da art&#233;ria por ampla rede de colaterais, capaz de fornecer aporte sang&#252;&#237;neo adequado pelo arco palmar profundo, constatado por meio do teste de Allen inverso francamente positivo. O procedimento p&#244;de ent&#227;o ser realizado pela via ulnar direita, sem ocorr&#234;ncia de nenhuma complica&#231;&#227;o isqu&#234;mica ou hemorr&#225;gica, apesar da manipula&#231;&#227;o e dura&#231;&#227;o prolongadas, do regime antitromb&#243;tico agressivo e do introdutor 6 French, propiciando conforto para o paciente na fase de recupera&#231;&#227;o e para a equipe m&#233;dica durante sua realiza&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>Lanspa e cols.<sup>6</sup> relataram caso semelhante de coronariografia via ulnar com oclus&#227;o da art&#233;ria radial correspondente, sem que houvesse complica&#231;&#245;es relacionadas ao procedimento. Por&#233;m, tratava-se de uma coronariografia diagn&#243;stica, com 10 minutos de dura&#231;&#227;o e introdutor 5 French.</p>
    <p>Embora grande parte das publica&#231;&#245;es n&#227;o seja composta de estudos randomizados, mas de relatos de s&#233;ries de casos, as evid&#234;ncias dispon&#237;veis sugerem que o uso do acesso transulnar seja vi&#225;vel, eficaz e provavelmente t&#227;o seguro quanto o acesso transradial na realiza&#231;&#227;o de procedimentos coron&#225;rios. Seu emprego &#233; uma op&#231;&#227;o atraente em servi&#231;os que adotam o acesso radial de rotina, quando realizado por operadores experientes e habituados ao uso da t&#233;cnica, sobretudo nos casos de varia&#231;&#245;es anat&#244;micas, pulso radial fino, vasoespasmo e teste de Allen modificado negativo.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesses</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
    </p>
    <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
    </p>
    <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>
      <fn id="back" fn-type="corresp">
        <p>Correspond&#234;ncia:</p>
        <p> Pedro Beraldo de Andrade </p>
        <p> Avenida Vicente Ferreira, 828 - Cascata </p>
        <p> 17515-900, Mar&#237;lia - S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="pedroberaldo@gmail.com">pedroberaldo@gmail.com</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p>Artigo enviado em 18/12/07; revisado recebido em 18/01/08; aceito em 25/01/08</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Report</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Primary percutaneous coronary intervention through transulnar approach: safety and effectiveness</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>The transradial approach is safe and effective for coronary procedures. However, its use may be compromised in cases of variations in radial artery anatomy, spasms, and negative Allen's test. The transulnar approach emerges as a viable alternative to transradial approach. We report on a patient who underwent primary angioplasty via ulnar artery without ischemic hand complications despite prior occlusion of the ipsilateral radial artery.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Primary percutaneous coronary intervention</kwd>
        <kwd>transradial approach</kwd>
        <kwd>transulnar approach</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>CASE REPORT</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <fn id="top-body2">
          <label>
            <bold>Primary percutaneous coronary intervention through transulnar approach: safety and effectiveness </bold>
          </label>
          <p>
            <bold>Pedro Beraldo de Andrade<sup>I, II; </sup> Marden Andr&#233; Tebet<sup>I, II;</sup> M&#244;nica Vieira Athanazio de Andrade<sup>I</sup>; Andr&#233; Labrunie<sup>I, II</sup>; Luiz Alberto Piva e Mattos<sup>I</sup><sup>, III</sup></bold>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </p>
      <p><sup>I</sup>Irmandade da Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de Mar&#237;lia, Mar&#237;lia, SP</p>
      <p><sup>II</sup>Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o de Londrina, Londrina, PR</p>
      <p><sup>III</sup>Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</p>
      <p>Mailing address</p>
      <p><bold>Key Words:</bold> Primary percutaneous coronary intervention; transradial approach; transulnar approach.</p>
      <p>The transradial approach is safe and effective for coronary procedures. However, its use may be compromised in cases of variations in radial artery anatomy, spasms, and negative Allen's test. The transulnar approach emerges as a viable alternative to transradial approach. We report on a patient who underwent primary angioplasty via ulnar artery without ischemic hand complications despite prior occlusion of the ipsilateral radial artery.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Introduction</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The safety and effectiveness of the transradial approach for coronary interventions are well established. This route has been proven to reduce vascular complications at the puncture site, costs, and length of hospital stay, in addition to providing greater comfort for patients and allowing early ambulation, as compared with femoral and brachial approaches1,2. Nevertheless, some factors such as anatomic variations of the radial artery, vasospasm, and inadequate blood supply to the hand via the palmar arch may limit its use3.</p>
      <p>Since the transulnar approach was first reported by Terashima et al4 in 2001, the ulnar artery has been shown to be an alternative approach when the radial artery cannot be used. We report on a patient with angiographically documented occlusion of the right radial artery who underwent primary angioplasty through the right ulnar artery.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Case Report</bold>
      </p>
      <p>A 63-year old male patient with diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and a three-year history of acute myocardial infarction of the lateral wall underwent primary angioplasty with stenting of the first diagonal artery. In September 2007, he was referred for coronary angiography for investigation of typical, severe chest pain of four hour's duration accompanied by cold sweat and pallor.</p>
      <p>On physical examination he was normotensive but tachycardic. Auscultation of the lungs and heart was unremarkable. The right radial pulse was absent, but the others were palpable and symmetric. The electrocardiogram showed ST segment elevation of 2 mm in leads II, III, and aVf.</p>
      <p>With a history of three prior procedures performed using the right radial approach, this artery was occluded (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="en_17f1-body2">figure 1</xref>). However, physical examination revealed a 3+/4+ ulnar pulse, with a positive reverse Allen's test, suggesting adequate blood flow through the deep palmar arch. The right transulnar approach was then chosen.</p>
      <p content-type="asset">
        <fig id="en_17f1-body2">
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-91-04-0e41-00017-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>With the wrist hypertextended, the ulnar artery was punctured 1 cm proximal to the pisiform bone, using a needle with a 20-gauge Jelco polyethylene catheter. Subsequently, a 0.021-inch guidewire was advanced, followed by a small skin incision performed with a No. 11 scalpel, through which a short 6-French (10 cm) introducer sheath (Terumo Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) was inserted. A solution containing 5000 IU of heparin and 10 mg of isosorbide mononitrate was injected through the introducer sheath.</p>
      <p>There was a stent in the 1st diagonal branch of the left coronary artery, which was patent. The right coronary artery was 90% blocked in its distal third, involving the origin of the posterior descending branch, with ostial occlusion of the posterior interventricular artery. Mechanical recanalization was performed under intravenous infusion of tirofiban (a bolus of 25&#181;g/kg/min followed by 0.15&#181;g/kg/min for 12 hours), unfractionated heparin 100 U/kg, ASA 300 mg, and a 300-mg clopidogrel loading dose, with implantation of a 3.0x20 mm Libert&#233; stent (Boston Scientific, Massachusetts, USA) in the distal third of the right coronary artery and ostium of the posterior descending artery. As the result achieved in the ostium of the posterior interventricular artery was suboptimal (TIMI-1 flow), an additional Libert&#233; stent (2,75x12mm) was implanted using the T-stenting technique with final kissing balloon inflation. The final result was satisfactory (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="en_17f2-body2">Figure 2</xref>), with TIMI-3 flow, total pain relief, and resolution of ST-segment elevation. Despite the long procedure time (120 minutes, 34 minutes under fluoroscopy), there was only a mild spasm at the puncture site, but the patient experienced no pain. Once the procedure ended, the introducer sheath was removed and hemostasis was achieved by using a compressive dressing with a porous elastic adhesive bandage (Tensoplast&#174;) during 4 hours.</p>
      <p content-type="asset">
        <fig id="en_17f2-body2">
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-91-04-0e41-00017-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>Seventy two hours after admission, a transthoracic Doppler echocardiogram showed mild hypokinesis of the left ventricular inferolateral wall, with preserved ejection fraction, allowing early hospital discharge. The examination of the wrist revealed a 3+/4+ ulnar artery pulse, positive modified and reverse Allen's tests, and absence of hematoma, murmur, or thrill. In a follow-up telephone interview 30 days later, the patient remained asymptomatic, with no changes or complaints related to the puncture site.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Discussion</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The ulnar artery is the largest and least tortuous branch of the brachial artery, which makes it less prone to spasms5. However, it is deeper and therefore less palpable than the radial artery. In addition, since the ulnar artery runs parallel to the corresponding nerve and vein, its use has not been favored for percutaneous interventions. As the transradial technique has become more widely accepted, many institutions that perform it routinely are faced with the need to switch to the transfemoral approach in circumstances in which the radial artery cannot be used.</p>
      <p>Case series with varying number of patients4,5-7 followed-up with ultrasound examinations, the largest of which involved 172 patients8, have shown that the transulnar approach is an additional option when the radial artery access is not available. This technique is associated with low incidence of major vascular complications: hematomas are usually minor, affecting only subcutaneous tissue, the ulnar nerve is not injured, asymptomatic occlusion of the ulnar artery is less than 5%, there is no hand ischemia, and cases of arteriovenous fistula and pseudoaneurysm are rare. Similar findings were reported for transulnar primary angioplasty9. In a randomized study comparing both routes in patients undergoing coronary angioplasty, no differences were found regarding access-related complications, success rate, procedure time, and fluoroscopy time10.</p>
      <p>Therefore, the use of the transulnar approach emerges as a safe and feasible alternative for coronary interventions. We report on a patient with right radial artery blockade caused by multiple previous interventions, but with distal filling of the artery by a wide range of collaterals, providing adequate blood supply through the deep palmar arch, as verified by a clearly positive reverse Allen's test. The right ulnar artery was then used as an access route, without any ischemic or hemorrhagic complications, despite prolonged manipulation, long procedure time, aggressive antithrombotic therapy, and the use of a 6-French sheath, providing greater comfort for both the patient during the recovery period and medical team during the intervention.</p>
      <p>Lanspa et al6 reported a similar case of coronary angiography via the ulnar artery with occlusion of the ipsilateral radial artery without procedure-related complications. However, it was a diagnostic coronary angiography lasting 10 minutes and using a 5-French introducer.</p>
      <p>Although most published studies were not randomized trials but rather case reports, the available evidence suggests that the transulnar approach is feasible, effective, and probably as safe as the transradial approach for coronary interventions. It is an attractive option for institutions that use the radial approach routinely, when performed by experienced operators who are skilled in this technique, particularly in cases of anatomic variations of the radial artery, thin radial pulse, vasospasm, and negative modified Allen test.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
      </p>
      <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
      </p>
      <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Study Association</bold>
      </p>
      <p>This study is not associated with any graduation program.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
