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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">g8mQJBNwmtthMQqtCPRj4Xs</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00015</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2008001600015</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(08)09100415</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2008001600015</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Transposi&#231;&#227;o corrigida das grandes art&#233;rias: apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica tardia, na quinta d&#233;cada de vida</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Roger Pereira de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Agorianitis</surname>
            <given-names>Panayotis</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Vegni</surname>
            <given-names>Ronaldo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Nobre</surname>
            <given-names>Gustavo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kalichsztein</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kezen</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff03">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal Fluminense</institution>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <institution content-type="orgname">Casa de Sa&#250;de S&#227;o Jos&#233;</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff02">
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Geral de Bonsucesso</institution>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2008</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>91</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>e35</fpage>
      <lpage>e37</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>A transposi&#231;&#227;o corrigida das grandes art&#233;rias, cardiopatia cong&#234;nita rara, est&#225; relacionada a maior incid&#234;ncia de complica&#231;&#245;es cardiol&#243;gicas. Reportamos um caso no qual a apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica da doen&#231;a ocorreu apenas na quinta d&#233;cada de vida, com insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide, ocasi&#227;o em que a paciente foi submetida a troca valvar.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt" kwd-group-type="author-generated">
        <kwd>Transposi&#231;&#227;o dos grandes vasos</kwd>
        <kwd>insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide</kwd>
        <kwd>transposi&#231;&#227;o corrigida das grandes art&#233;rias</kwd>
        <kwd>cardiopatia cong&#234;nita</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>11</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2008</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>RELATO DE CASO</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Transposi&#231;&#227;o corrigida das grandes art&#233;rias: apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica tardia, na quinta d&#233;cada de vida</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Roger Pereira de Oliveira<sup>I, III</sup>; Panayotis Agorianitis<sup>II</sup>; Ronaldo Vegni<sup>I</sup>; Gustavo Nobre<sup>I</sup>; Marcelo Kalichsztein<sup>I</sup>; Jos&#233; Kezen<sup>I</sup></bold>
    </p>
    <p><sup>I</sup>Casa de Sa&#250;de S&#227;o Jos&#233; </p>
    <p><sup>II</sup>Hospital Geral de Bonsucesso </p>
    <p><sup>III</sup>Universidade Federal Fluminense - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="back">Correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>RESUMO</bold>
    </p>
    <p>A transposi&#231;&#227;o corrigida das grandes art&#233;rias, cardiopatia cong&#234;nita rara, est&#225; relacionada a maior incid&#234;ncia de complica&#231;&#245;es cardiol&#243;gicas. Reportamos um caso no qual a apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica da doen&#231;a ocorreu apenas na quinta d&#233;cada de vida, com insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide, ocasi&#227;o em que a paciente foi submetida a troca valvar.</p>
    <p><bold>Palavras-chave: </bold> Transposi&#231;&#227;o dos grandes vasos, insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide, transposi&#231;&#227;o corrigida das grandes art&#233;rias, cardiopatia cong&#234;nita.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>As cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas apresentam preval&#234;ncia de 3,7 a 8/1.000 nascidos vivos (4,8/1.000 na Am&#233;rica Latina), 5% a 7% dos quais apresentam transposi&#231;&#227;o dos grandes vasos, definida anatomicamente por concord&#226;ncia atrioventricular e discord&#226;ncia ventriculoarterial. A transposi&#231;&#227;o dos grandes vasos &#233; a principal causa de cardiopatia cian&#243;tica presente no per&#237;odo neonatal, e tem predomin&#226;ncia no sexo masculino (60% a 70%). A transposi&#231;&#227;o corrigida das grandes art&#233;rias (TCGA) caracteriza-se pela discord&#226;ncia atrioventricular e ventriculoarterial concomitantes, contando com preval&#234;ncia aproximada de 0,5% a 1,4% de todas as cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas<sup>1,2</sup>. Est&#225; comumente associada a v&#225;rios defeitos cong&#234;nitos, bloqueio atrioventricular total e disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular direita, o que limita a sobrevida desses pacientes, que em grande parte n&#227;o ultrapassa os 50 anos de idade<sup>3</sup>.</p>
    <p>Essa condi&#231;&#227;o pode cursar assintom&#225;tica por v&#225;rios anos em indiv&#237;duos sem cardiopatias associadas, podendo apresentar apenas eletrocardiograma (ECG) ou radiografia com altera&#231;&#227;o, pela posi&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o usual dos ventr&#237;culos e vasos. Com o tempo, o ventr&#237;culo sist&#234;mico pode entrar em fal&#234;ncia, em decorr&#234;ncia de sobrecarga de press&#227;o, causando fadiga e dispn&#233;ia. O tratamento dessa condi&#231;&#227;o depende da apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica e dos defeitos associados, podendo ir desde o tratamento cl&#237;nico, com drogas (inibidores da enzima conversora da angiotensina, diur&#233;ticos, digital), at&#233; o tratamento cir&#250;rgico paliativo (fisiol&#243;gico) ou definitivo (anat&#244;mico), com a troca arterial.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Relato do Caso</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Paciente do sexo feminino, 47 anos de idade, com diagn&#243;stico de TCGA feito aos 18 anos de idade (ap&#243;s avalia&#231;&#227;o motivada por desconforto tor&#225;cico inespec&#237;fico &#224; esquerda durante exerc&#237;cio f&#237;sico), sendo acompanhada periodicamente por cardiologista e afastada de atividades esportivas. Recebeu diagn&#243;stico de hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica aos 40 anos de idade.</p>
    <p>H&#225; cerca de quatro anos, foi diagnosticada insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide (valva sist&#234;mica), por meio de ecocardiografia, em exame peri&#243;dico, evoluindo nos &#250;ltimos dois anos com dispn&#233;ia e cansa&#231;o progressivos (classe funcional III pela <italic>New York Heart Association</italic>). A paciente foi, ent&#227;o, encaminhada &#224; Casa de Sa&#250;de S&#227;o Jos&#233; para cirurgia (eletiva) de troca valvar. Ao exame f&#237;sico, no pr&#233;-operat&#243;rio, apresentava press&#227;o arterial de 140/70 mmHg, pulso de 76 bpm, ritmo card&#237;aco irregular (fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial [FA] cr&#244;nica), &#237;ctus desviado para o sexto espa&#231;o intercostal (linha axilar anterior), sopro holossist&#243;lico (4+/6+) mais evidente em foco mitral com irradia&#231;&#227;o para dorso, B3 na ponta e estertores finos presentes em bases pulmonares. Os exames laboratoriais (hemograma, bioqu&#237;mica), no pr&#233;-operat&#243;rio, mostraram-se inalterados, e o ECG demonstrava ritmo de FA. A radiografia de t&#243;rax pr&#233;-operat&#243;ria (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">fig. 1a</xref>) evidenciava cardiomegalia, arco a&#243;rtico &#224; direita e hilos proeminentes.</p>
    <p content-type="asset">
      <fig id="f1">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-91-04-0e35-00015-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>Ecocardiograma (ECO) pr&#233;-operat&#243;rio revelou valva atrioventricular (AV) sist&#234;mica tric&#250;spide, com grave regurgita&#231;&#227;o ao Doppler em cores, valva AV direita bic&#250;spide, di&#226;metro do &#225;trio esquerdo de 4,5 cm, e fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o (Teichholz) de 56,5%. ECO transesof&#225;gico perioperat&#243;rio (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">fig. 2</xref>) demonstrou (pr&#233;-circula&#231;&#227;o extracorp&#243;rea) invers&#227;o ventricular associada a transposi&#231;&#227;o das grandes art&#233;rias, com preserva&#231;&#227;o anat&#244;mica dos &#225;trios e drenagens venosas, ventr&#237;culo direito (VD) dilatado, com disfun&#231;&#227;o moderada e hipocinesia difusa de suas paredes, valva AV sist&#234;mica com refluxo significativo, com folhetos espessados e falha de coapta&#231;&#227;o por prolapso do folheto &#226;ntero-septal.</p>
    <p content-type="asset">
      <fig id="f2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-91-04-0e35-00015-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>Durante o ato cir&#250;rgico, foi encontrada valva AV sist&#234;mica tric&#250;spide, com aspecto de degenera&#231;&#227;o mixomatosa e com ruptura de m&#250;sculo papilar, sendo esta substitu&#237;da por valva met&#225;lica St. Jude<sup>&#174;</sup> N&#186; 31 (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">fig .1b</xref>). A paciente evoluiu sem intercorr&#234;ncias no p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio, tendo alta do hospital em seis dias em uso de cumar&#237;nico, captopril, espironolactona e furosemida, optando-se por manter tratamento cl&#237;nico da FA e seguimento ambulatorial.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Discuss&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>A TCGA &#233; uma cardiopatia cong&#234;nita rara. Quando n&#227;o tem defeitos associados, como no caso em quest&#227;o, &#233; ainda mais rara, contando com 1% dos casos<sup>1,2</sup>. Nessas situa&#231;&#245;es em que n&#227;o h&#225; defeito associado, a sobrevida &#233; mais longa. Por esses fatores (aus&#234;ncia de defeitos associados, evolu&#231;&#227;o prolongada e apresenta&#231;&#227;o tardia, com mais de quatro d&#233;cadas de sil&#234;ncio cl&#237;nico), pode-se perceber a relev&#226;ncia e a peculiaridade do caso descrito. A hist&#243;ria natural dessa condi&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o &#233; muito bem definida e depende dos defeitos associados e de suas repercuss&#245;es<sup>1,2</sup>, assim como da capacidade do VD de preservar sua fun&#231;&#227;o. Diversos autores t&#234;m estudado a preval&#234;ncia, a hist&#243;ria natural e o progn&#243;stico da TCGA, tanto na presen&#231;a como na aus&#234;ncia de defeitos associados. Beauchesne e cols.<sup>4</sup>, ao estudar a apresenta&#231;&#227;o e o progn&#243;stico dos pacientes (de 20 a 79 anos) com TCGA n&#227;o operados, obtiveram preval&#234;ncia de regurgita&#231;&#227;o valvar sist&#234;mica de 59%, e 68% dos pacientes passaram por alguma interven&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica, incluindo troca valvar AV sist&#234;mica em todos eles, sem mortalidade precoce.</p>
    <p>O grupo de Graham e cols.<sup>5</sup> evidenciou que, aos 45 anos de idade, 67% dos pacientes com TCGA apresentavam insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva (ICC), sendo essa complica&#231;&#227;o extremamente comum na quarta e quinta d&#233;cadas, e 25% dos pacientes sem les&#245;es associadas tinham essa complica&#231;&#227;o. Esses autores conclu&#237;ram tamb&#233;m que a insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide est&#225; fortemente associada a disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular direita e ICC, mas continua especulativo o fato de esta ser causadora ou apenas uma complica&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria das outras condi&#231;&#245;es citadas.</p>
    <p>O grupo de van Son e cols.<sup>6</sup>, em estudo com 40 pacientes que objetivou avaliar os resultados tardios da troca valvar AV em pacientes com TCGA, no per&#237;odo de 1964 a 1993, concluiu que os resultados desse tipo de cirurgia t&#234;m melhorado significativamente durante as d&#233;cadas, e sugerem que a opera&#231;&#227;o seja considerada ao primeiro sinal de disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular progressiva &#224; avalia&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica seriada e pela ecocardiografia, para preservar a fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular sist&#234;mica. Tal conduta foi seguida no caso em quest&#227;o, com interven&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica precoce. &#201; importante a realiza&#231;&#227;o do diagn&#243;stico precoce, que hoje &#233; poss&#237;vel ainda na fase gestacional, com ecografia fetal ou por meio de ecocardiografia p&#243;s-natal nos casos que se apresentem com sopro ou sinais de disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular, a fim de que o tratamento cl&#237;nico e/ou cir&#250;rgico mais efetivo seja institu&#237;do em tempo h&#225;bil, mudando dessa forma a hist&#243;ria natural da doen&#231;a.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesses</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
    </p>
    <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
    </p>
    <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>
      <fn id="back" fn-type="corresp">
        <p>Correspond&#234;ncia:</p>
        <p> Roger Pereira de Oliveira </p>
        <p> Rua Pedro Tursi,311/103 </p>
        <p> 12230-090 - S&#227;o Jos&#233; dos Campos, SP, Brasil </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="rogerpereira2002@hotmail.com">rogerpereira2002@hotmail.com</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p>Artigo recebido em 25/10/07; revisado recebido em 9/11/07; aceito em 19/11/07.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cetta</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <mixed-citation>6. van Son JA,    Danielson GK, Huhta JC, Warnes CA, Edwards WD, Schaff HV, et al. Late results    of systemic atrioventricular valve replacement in corrected transposition. J    Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1995; 109 (4): 642-52.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <article-title>Late results of systemic atrioventricular valve replacement in corrected transposition</article-title>
          <source>J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg</source>
          <date>
            <year>1995</year>
          </date>
          <fpage>642</fpage>
          <lpage>52</lpage>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <volume>109</volume>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>van Son</surname>
              <given-names>JA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Danielson</surname>
              <given-names>GK</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Huhta</surname>
              <given-names>JC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Warnes</surname>
              <given-names>CA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Edwards</surname>
              <given-names>WD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Schaff</surname>
              <given-names>HV</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Report</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Corrected transposition of the great arteries: late clinical presentation, in the fifth decade of life</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>The corrected transposition of the great arteries, rare congenital cardiopathy, is related to the largest incidence of cardiological complications. We report a case in which the clinical presentation of the disease occurred in the fifth decade of life, with tricuspid insufficiency, occasion that the patient was submitted to valvar replacement.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Transposition of great vessels</kwd>
        <kwd>tricuspid valve insufficiency</kwd>
        <kwd>heart defects, congenital</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>CASE REPORT</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <fn id="top-body2">
          <label>
            <bold>Corrected transposition of the great arteries: late clinical presentation, in the fifth decade of life</bold>
          </label>
          <p>
            <bold>Roger Pereira de Oliveira<sup>I, III</sup>; Panayotis Agorianitis<sup>II</sup>; Ronaldo Vegni<sup>I</sup>; Gustavo Nobre<sup>I</sup>; Marcelo Kalichsztein<sup>I</sup>; Jos&#233; Kezen<sup>I</sup></bold>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </p>
      <p><sup>I</sup>Casa de Sa&#250;de S&#227;o Jos&#233;</p>
      <p><sup>II</sup>Hospital Geral de Bonsucesso</p>
      <p><sup>III</sup>Universidade Federal Fluminense - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil</p>
      <p>Mailing address</p>
      <p>
        <bold>ABSTRACT</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The corrected transposition of the great arteries, rare congenital cardiopathy, is related to the largest incidence of cardiological complications. We report a case in which the clinical presentation of the disease occurred in the fifth decade of life, with tricuspid insufficiency, occasion that the patient was submitted to valvar replacement.</p>
      <p><bold>Key words:</bold> Transposition of great vessels; tricuspid valve insufficiency; heart defects, congenital.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Introduction</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Congenital cardiopathies present prevalence from 3,7 to 8/1.000 alive born (4,8/1.000 in Latin America), 5% to 7% of the which present transposition of the great vases, anatomically defined by atrioventricular concordance and ventriclearterial discordance. The transposition of the great vases is the main cause of cyanotic cardiopathy in the neonatal period, and has predominance in the masculine gender (60% to 70%). The corrected transposition of the great arteries (CTGA) is characterized by concomitant atrioventricular and ventriclearterial discordance, with approximate prevalence of 0,5% to 1,4% of all of the congenital cardiopathies<sup>1,2</sup>. It is commonly associated to several congenital defects, total atrioventricular block and right ventricular dysfunction, what limits the survival of these patient, who do not, in great majority, live over 50 years of age<sup>3</sup>.</p>
      <p>This condition can remain asymptomatic for several years in individuals without associated cardiopathies, can only present electrocardiogram (ECG) or x-ray with alteration, due to the unusual position of the ventricles and vases. Over the time, the systemic ventricle can become insufficient, fail, due to pressure overload, causing fatigue and dyspnea. The treatment of this condition depends on the clinical presentation and the associated defects, can go from the clinical treatment, with drugs (inhibitors of angiotensine-converting enzymes, diuretic, digitalization), to the palliative surgical treatment (physiological) or definitive (anatomical), with the arterial replacement.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Case Report</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Patient female, 47 years of age, with diagnosis of CTGA at 18 years of age (after evaluation motivated by non-specific thoracic discomfort to the left during physical exercise), accompanied periodically by cardiologist and gave up sporting activities. Received diagnosis of systemic arterial hypertension at 40 years of age.</p>
      <p>About four years ago, tricuspid (systemic valve) insufficiency was diagnosed, through echocardiography, in periodic exam, developing in the last two years with dyspnea and progressive fatigue (functional class III by New York Heart Association). The patient, then, was referred to Casa de Sa&#250;de S&#227;o Jos&#233; for surgery (elective) of valvar replacement. At physical exam, in the preoperative, presented blood pressure of 140/70 mmHg, pulse of 76 bpm, irregular heart rhythm (chronic atrial fibrillation [AF] ), ictus diverted to the sixth intercostal space (previous axillary line), holosystolic murmur (4+/6+) more evident in mitral focus with irradiation to dorso, B3 in the tip and fine stertorous breathing in lung bases. The laboratory exams (blood count, biochemistry), in the preoperative, were shown unaffected, and ECG demonstrated AF rhythm. The preoperative thorax x-ray (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="en_15f1-body2">fig. 1a</xref>) evidenced cardiomegaly, aortic arch to the right and prominent hilum.</p>
      <p content-type="asset">
        <fig id="en_15f1-body2">
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-91-04-0e35-00015-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>Preoperative echocardiogram (ECHO) revealed systemic tricuspid atrioventricular valve (AV), with serious regurgitation to Doppler in colors, right atrioventricular AV valve bicuspid, diameter of the left atrium of 4,5 cm, and ejection fraction (Teichholz) of 56,5%. Transesophageal perioperative ECHO (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="en_15f2-body2">fig. 2</xref>) demonstrated (pre- extracorporeal circulation) ventricular inversion associated to the transposition of the great arteries, with anatomical preservation of the atria and veinous drainages, right ventricle (RV) dilated, with moderate dysfunction and diffuse hypokinesia of their walls, systemic AV valve with significant reflux, with thickened leaflets and lack of coaptation due to prolapse of the antero-septal leaflets.</p>
      <p content-type="asset">
        <fig id="en_15f2-body2">
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-91-04-0e35-00015-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>During surgery, tricuspid systemic AV valve was found, with aspect of myxomatic degeneration and with rupture of papillary muscle, this substituted by metallic valve St. Jude&#174; n&#186; 31 (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="en_15f1-body2">fig .1b</xref>). The patient developed without intercurrences in the postoperative, was released from hospital in six days, using cumar&#237;n, captopril, spironolactone and furosemide. Option was made to maintain clinical treatment of the AF and continuous ambulatorial surveillance.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Discussion</bold>
      </p>
      <p>CTGA is a rare congenital cardiopathy. When there are no associated defects, as in the subject case, it is still rarer, in 1% of the cases<sup>1,2</sup>. In these situation when there is no associated defect, the survival is longer. For these factors (absence of associated defects, lingering evolution and late presentation, with more than four decades of clinical silence), the relevance and the peculiarity of the described case can be noticed. The natural history of this condition is not very well defined and it depends on the associated defects and of their repercussion<sup>1,2</sup>, as well as of the capacity of RV to preserve its function. Several authors have been studying the prevalence, the natural history and the prognostic of CTGA, in the presence and in the absence of associated defects. Beauchesne et al.<sup>4</sup>, when studying the presentation and the patients' prognostic (from 20 to 79 years) with not operated CTGA , they obtained prevalence of systemic valvar regurgitation of 59%, and 68% of the patients underwent some surgical intervention, including systemic AV valvar replacement in all of them, without precocious mortality.</p>
      <p>The group of Graham et al<sup>5</sup> evidenced that, at 45 years of age, 67% of the patients with CTGA presented congestive heart failure,(CHF) an extremely common complication in fourth and fifth decades, and 25% of the patients without associated lesions had that condition. These authors also concluded that the tricuspid insufficiency is strongly associated to the right ventricular dysfunction and congestive heart failure (CHF), but it is still speculative whether this is the cause or just a secondary complication of the other forementioned conditions.</p>
      <p>The group of van Son et al.<sup>6</sup>, in study with 40 patients that aimed to evaluate the late results of the AV valvar replacement in patients with CTGA, in the period from 1964 to 1993, concluded that the results of this type of surgery have been improving significantly during the decades, and they suggest that the operation be considered at the first sign of progressive ventricular dysfunction at the serial clinical evaluation and by the echocardiography, to preserve the systemic ventricular function. Such conduct was followed in the subject case, with precocious surgical intervention. The accomplishment of precocious diagnosis is important and nowdays is possible still in the gestational phase, with fetal echography or by post-natal echocardiography in cases that present murmur or signs of ventricular dysfunction, so that the most effective clinical and/or surgical treatment can be instituted in due time, altering in this way, the natural history of the disease.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
      </p>
      <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
      </p>
      <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Study Association</bold>
      </p>
      <p>This study is not associated with any graduation program.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
