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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">xkv7fk7sypSjCVMpyZW4DRN</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00015</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2008001400015</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(08)09100215</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2008001400015</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Tratamento endovascular da persist&#234;ncia do canal arterial em adulto</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gaia</surname>
            <given-names>Diego Felipe</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Palma</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Hon&#243;rio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kim</surname>
            <given-names>Hyung Chun</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Souza</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Augusto Marcondes de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alves</surname>
            <given-names>Cl&#225;udia Rodrigues</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Buffolo</surname>
            <given-names>Enio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2008</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>91</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>e17</fpage>
      <lpage>e19</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>08</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2007</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>25</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2007</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>04</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2007</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>A persist&#234;ncia do canal arterial (PCA) &#233; uma anomalia relativamente freq&#252;ente e de simples corre&#231;&#227;o. A corre&#231;&#227;o envolve a ligadura do ducto com ou sem a sua sec&#231;&#227;o. A anomalia em adultos pode provocar hipertens&#227;o pulmonar persistente e disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular. A corre&#231;&#227;o em adultos &#233; controversa e de maior risco. Um caso de corre&#231;&#227;o endovascular com acesso intra-abdominal da PCA em adulto &#233; descrito.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt" kwd-group-type="author-generated">
        <kwd>Persist&#234;ncia do conduto arterioso</kwd>
        <kwd>aorta tor&#225;cica</kwd>
        <kwd>contenedores</kwd>
        <kwd>endopr&#243;tese</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>11</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2008</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>RELATO DE CASO</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Tratamento endovascular da persist&#234;ncia do canal arterial em adulto</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Diego Felipe Gaia; Jos&#233; Hon&#243;rio Palma; Hyung Chun Kim; Jos&#233; Augusto Marcondes de Souza; Cl&#225;udia Rodrigues Alves; Enio Buffolo</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end">Correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>RESUMO</bold>
    </p>
    <p>A persist&#234;ncia do canal arterial (PCA) &#233; uma anomalia relativamente freq&#252;ente e de simples corre&#231;&#227;o. A corre&#231;&#227;o envolve a ligadura do ducto com ou sem a sua sec&#231;&#227;o. A anomalia em adultos pode provocar hipertens&#227;o pulmonar persistente e disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular. A corre&#231;&#227;o em adultos &#233; controversa e de maior risco. Um caso de corre&#231;&#227;o endovascular com acesso intra-abdominal da PCA em adulto &#233; descrito.</p>
    <p><bold>Palavras-chave:</bold> Persist&#234;ncia do conduto arterioso, aorta tor&#225;cica, contenedores, endopr&#243;tese. </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>A persist&#234;ncia do canal arterial &#233; uma anomalia cong&#234;nita relativamente freq&#252;ente e de simples corre&#231;&#227;o quando efetuada precocemente. A corre&#231;&#227;o tradicional envolve a ligadura do ducto com ou sem a sua sec&#231;&#227;o. A persist&#234;ncia da anomalia em adultos pode provocar hipertens&#227;o pulmonar persistente e disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular. A corre&#231;&#227;o nessa faixa et&#225;ria &#233; controversa. Crescentes relatos demonstram a possibilidade de corre&#231;&#227;o endovascular<sup>1,2</sup>.</p>
    <p>Um caso de corre&#231;&#227;o endovascular com acesso intra-abdominal da persist&#234;ncia do canal arterial em adulto &#233; descrito.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Relato do Caso</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Paciente de 42 anos, sexo feminino, foi admitida no ambulat&#243;rio de aorta de nossa institui&#231;&#227;o com queixa de dispn&#233;ia progressiva e ortopn&#233;ia. O exame f&#237;sico revelou a presen&#231;a de um sopro cont&#237;nuo em maquinaria, ao longo da borda esternal esquerda. Encaminhada ao ecocardiograma bidimensional, constataram-se presen&#231;a da persist&#234;ncia do canal arterial e aumento do di&#226;metro arterial pulmonar. </p>
    <p>As fun&#231;&#245;es ventriculares estavam preservadas. A tomografia computadorizada confirmou os achados ecocardiogr&#225;ficos e a presen&#231;a de calcifica&#231;&#227;o ao redor do canal arterial. Por ter apresentado rea&#231;&#227;o al&#233;rgica ao contraste iodado, a investiga&#231;&#227;o prosseguiu com a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de resson&#226;ncia nuclear magn&#233;tica, evidenciando canal arterial p&#233;rvio com 5 mm de di&#226;metro, art&#233;ria pulmonar com 32 mm de di&#226;metro e sinais sugestivos de hipertens&#227;o pulmonar (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">fig. 1</xref>).</p>
    <fig id="fig1">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-91-02-0e17-00015-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>O ultra-som com Doppler das art&#233;rias femorais revelou di&#226;metro arterial pequeno e incompat&#237;vel com a introdu&#231;&#227;o de endopr&#243;tese auto-expans&#237;vel por via femoral. </p>
    <p>Dessa forma, optou-se por um acesso transabdominal. Ap&#243;s a obten&#231;&#227;o de termo de consentimento informado, a paciente foi submetida &#224; anestesia geral, intuba&#231;&#227;o orotraqueal e monitoriza&#231;&#227;o invasiva habitual. Uma incis&#227;o obl&#237;qua sobre a fossa il&#237;aca esquerda com 7 cm de extens&#227;o permitiu o acesso &#224; bifurca&#231;&#227;o das art&#233;rias il&#237;acas. A paciente foi heparinizada e confeccionou-se uma sutura em bolsa, na bifurca&#231;&#227;o das art&#233;rias il&#237;acas. Um cateter-guia foi posicionado por pun&#231;&#227;o atrav&#233;s da art&#233;ria axilar esquerda para identifica&#231;&#227;o radiosc&#243;pica da art&#233;ria subcl&#225;via esquerda. A seguir, com aux&#237;lio radiosc&#243;pico, um fio-guia foi posicionado na aorta descendente, sobre o qual foi locado um cateter de <italic>pig-tail</italic>. Pelo <italic>pig-tail</italic>, foi posicionado um fio-guia <italic>extra-stiff</italic> e retirou-se o cateter <italic>pig-tail</italic>. Sobre o guia <italic>extra-stiff</italic>, foi avan&#231;ada e liberada uma endopr&#243;tese auto-expans&#237;vel de 34 mm x 90 mm, sem revestimento da primeira gaiola (<italic>free-flow</italic>), com oclus&#227;o do canal arterial e sem oclus&#227;o da art&#233;ria subcl&#225;via esquerda.</p>
    <p>A evolu&#231;&#227;o p&#243;s-operat&#243;ria cursou sem intercorr&#234;ncias. O ecocardiograma de controle revelou a oclus&#227;o do canal arterial com aus&#234;ncia de fluxo e sem vazamentos atrav&#233;s da endopr&#243;tese. A paciente recebeu alta no terceiro dia de p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio.</p>
    <p>O seguimento ambulatorial revelou a melhora expressiva da sintomatologia e a aus&#234;ncia de sopro, bem como a n&#227;o utiliza&#231;&#227;o de nenhuma medica&#231;&#227;o. Ap&#243;s um ano, o controle p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio realizado por meio de radiografia e ecocardiograma revelou boa coapta&#231;&#227;o da endopr&#243;tese, aus&#234;ncia de fluxo no canal arterial e regress&#227;o dos sinais de hipertens&#227;o pulmonar (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="a15fig02">fig. 2</xref>).</p>
    <p content-type="asset">
      <fig id="a15fig02">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-91-02-0e17-00015-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Discuss&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>O achado da persist&#234;ncia do canal arterial em adultos permanece como uma controv&#233;rsia terap&#234;utica. A interven&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica convencional nessa faixa et&#225;ria envolve significativo risco operat&#243;rio, muitas vezes necessitando do aux&#237;lio de circula&#231;&#227;o extracorp&#243;rea e de interposi&#231;&#227;o de enxertos sint&#233;ticos<sup>3</sup>.</p>
    <p>A mortalidade dessa doen&#231;a quando n&#227;o tratada pode chegar a 20% aos 30 anos, aumentando 4% ao ano<sup>4</sup>. </p>
    <p>Indiv&#237;duos n&#227;o tratados podem evoluir com hipertens&#227;o arterial pulmonar, risco de dissec&#231;&#227;o de art&#233;ria pulmonar, endocardite, s&#237;ndrome de Eisenmenger, disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular e morte s&#250;bita<sup>4</sup>.</p>
    <p>Em raz&#227;o das complica&#231;&#245;es e do risco cir&#250;rgico aumentado, o tratamento endovascular tem surgido como alternativa terap&#234;utica, por meio da exclus&#227;o do orif&#237;cio a&#243;rtico do canal arterial<sup>1,2,5,6</sup>.</p>
    <p>A abordagem mais comum &#233; a coloca&#231;&#227;o de molas na tentativa de emboliza&#231;&#227;o ou o uso de dispositivos de <italic>Amplatzer</italic>. Por&#233;m, estes apresentam diversas limita&#231;&#245;es como presen&#231;a de <italic>shunts</italic> residuais, emboliza&#231;&#227;o das molas para a &#225;rvore pulmonar ou sistema arterial perif&#233;rico, presen&#231;a de canais de grande di&#226;metro e rotura do canal<sup>2</sup>. </p>
    <p>Neste relato de caso, fica demonstrada a possibilidade de interven&#231;&#227;o endovascular, inclusive na presen&#231;a de calibres reduzidos da art&#233;ria femoral. O procedimento demonstrou ser seguro e simples. </p>
    <p>As limita&#231;&#245;es do m&#233;todo incluem a possibilidade de oclus&#227;o da art&#233;ria subcl&#225;via esquerda, mesmo com o uso de endopr&#243;teses n&#227;o-revestidas no seu ter&#231;o inicial, a necessidade de interven&#231;&#227;o transabdominal em pacientes com di&#226;metros reduzidos de art&#233;ria femoral ou doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica avan&#231;ada.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Conclus&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>O tratamento endovascular da persit&#234;ncia do canal arterial pode tornar-se a alternativa de primeira escolha em pacientes adultos, principalmente com o desenvolvimento de dispositivos de perfil mais favor&#225;vel e navegabilidade a&#243;rtica aumentada. </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesses</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
    </p>
    <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
    </p>
    <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>
      <fn id="end" fn-type="corresp">
        <p>Correspond&#234;ncia:</p>
        <p> Diego Felipe Gaia </p>
        <p> Rua Napole&#227;o de Barros, 715 - 3&#186; andar </p>
        <p> Cir. Card&#237;aca - Vila Clementino </p>
        <p> 04038-000 - S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p><email xlink:href="drgaia@uol.com.br">drgaia@uol.com.br</email>, </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="drgaia@terra.com.br">drgaia@terra.com.br</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p>Artigo recebido em 25/09/07; revisado recebido em 08/11/07; aceito em 04/12/07</p>
  </body>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Report</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Patent ductus arteriosus: endovascular treatment in adult patient</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>The patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common type of congenital heart defect and its correction is simple when performed early in life. Surgery is performed using stitches or clips. In adults, the anomaly can lead to pulmonary hypertension and ventricular dysfunction. Surgery in adults is controversial and high-risk. This report describes an alternative endovascular approach in an adult patient.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Ductus arteriosus, patent</kwd>
        <kwd>aorta, thoracic</kwd>
        <kwd>stent-graft</kwd>
        <kwd>endoprosthesis</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>CASE REPORT</bold>
      </p>
      <p><undefined id="cend-body2"/>Patent ductus arteriosus: endovascular treatment in the adult patient</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Diego Felipe Gaia; Jos&#233; Hon&#243;rio Palma; Hyung Chun Kim; Jos&#233; Augusto Marcondes de Souza; Cl&#225;udia Rodrigues Alves; Enio Buffolo</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</p>
      <p>Mailing address</p>
      <p>
        <bold>ABSTRACT</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common type of congenital heart defect and its correction is simple when performed early in life. Surgery is performed using stitches or clips. In adults, the anomaly can lead to pulmonary hypertension and ventricular dysfunction. Surgery in adults is controversial and high-risk. This report describes an alternative endovascular approach in an adult patient.</p>
      <p><bold>Key words:</bold> Ductus arteriosus, patent; aorta, thoracic; stent-graft; endoprosthesis.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Introduction</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a relatively frequent congenital defect and its correction is simple when performed early in life. The traditional correction involves the ligation of the ductus with or without its sectioning. The presence of the anomaly in adults can lead to persistent pulmonary hypertension and ventricular dysfunction. The corrective surgery in adults is controversial. Recent reports have increasingly demonstrated the possibility of endovascular correction<sup>1,2</sup>.</p>
      <p>This report describes a PDA case in an adult patient that underwent endovascular correction using an intra-abdominal access.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Case Report</bold>
      </p>
      <p>A 42-year-old female, was admitted at the Aorta Outpatient Clinic of our Institution complaining of progressive dyspnea and orthopnea. The physical examination disclosed the presence of a persistent machinery murmur along the left sternal border. The patient was then submitted to a two-dimensional echocardiogram, which demonstrated the presence of the patent ductus arteriosus and increased pulmonary artery diameter.</p>
      <p>Ventricular functions were normal. The computed tomography (CT) confirmed the echocardiographic findings and the presence of calcification around the ductus arteriosus. As the patients presented an allergic reaction to the iodine contrast, the investigation was carried on with the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, which demonstrated a 5 mm diameter patent ductus arteriosus, 32 mm diameter pulmonary artery and signs that were suggestive of pulmonary hypertension (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1-body2">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
      <fig id="fig1-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-91-02-0e17-00015-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>The Doppler ultrasound of the femoral arteries showed small arterial diameter that was incompatible with the introduction of self-expandable endoprosthesis through femoral access. Therefore, the transabdominal access was chosen. After obtaining the patient's informed consent, the patient was submitted to general anesthesia, orotracheal intubation and routine invasive monitoring. A 7-cm oblique incision was carried out over the left iliac fossa, which allowed access to iliac arteries bifurcation. The patient was heparinized and a string-purse suture was performed at the bifurcation of the iliac arteries. A guiding catheter was positioned using Seldinger technique through the left axillary artery for the radioscopic identification of the left subclavian artery. Subsequently, under radioscopic guidance, a guide wire was positioned in the descending aorta, over which was located a pigtail catheter. An extra-stiff guiding wire was positioned through the pigtail catheter, which was later removed. A 34 mm x 90 mm self-expandable endoprosthesis with an uncovered proximal segment (free-flow) was advanced and deployer over the extra-stiff wire, with occlusion of the ductus arteriosus, but without left subclavian artery occlusion.</p>
      <p>The postoperative evolution was uneventful. The control echocardiogram disclosed the occlusion of the ductus arteriosus with absence of flow and no endoprosthesis leaks. The patient was discharged on day 3 of the postoperative period.</p>
      <p>The ambulatory follow-up showed significant symptom improvement and absence of murmur, as well as no need for medication. The postoperative radiographic and echocardiographic control one year after the surgery showed good coaptation of the endoprosthesis, absence of flow in the ductus arteriosus and regression of pulmonary hypertension signs (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="en_a15fig02-body2">Figure 2</xref>).</p>
      <p content-type="asset">
        <fig id="en_a15fig02-body2">
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-91-02-0e17-00015-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Discussion</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The finding of patent ductus arteriosus in adults remains a therapeutic controversy. The conventional surgical intervention in this age range involves significant operative risk and many times requires the help of extracorporeal circulation and the interposition of synthetic grafts<sup>3</sup>.</p>
      <p>The mortality rates of this disease, when untreated, can reach 20% at 30 years of age, increasing 4% per year<sup>4</sup>.</p>
      <p>Untreated individuals can present pulmonary artery hypertension, risk of dissection of the pulmonary artery, endocarditis, Eisenmenger's syndrome, ventricular dysfunction and sudden death<sup>4</sup>.</p>
      <p>Considering the complications and increased surgical risk, the endovascular treatment has arisen as a therapeutic option, through the elimination of the aortic orifice of the ductus arteriosus<sup>1,2,5,6</sup>.</p>
      <p>The most common approach is the placement of coils in an embolization attempt or the use of Amplatzer devices. However, these present several limitations, such as the presence of residual shunts, embolization of coils into the pulmonary tree or peripheral arterial system, presence of large-diameter ductus arteriosus and ductus rupture<sup>2</sup>.</p>
      <p>This case report demonstrates the possibility of performing and endovascular intervention, even in the presence of small-caliber femoral arteries. The procedure showed to be safe and simple.</p>
      <p>The limitations of the method include: possibility of left subclavian artery occlusion, even with the use of uncoated endoprosthesis, transabdominal approach in patients with small-caliber femoral arteries or those with advanced atherosclerotic disease.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Conclusion</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The endovascular treatment of the patent ductus arteriosus can become the first-choice alternative for adult patients, mainly when one considers the development of devices with a more favorable profile and increased aortic maneuverability.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
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