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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">tBt9gXmWRg5LcmXJZ8VXWyg</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00013</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2008001400013</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(08)09100213</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2008001400013</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Hipertens&#227;o pulmonar secund&#225;ria &#224; f&#237;stulas coronarianas para tronco da pulmonar</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ramos Filho</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Ot&#225;vio Andrade Carneiro da</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Vilarinho</surname>
            <given-names>Diego Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Guilherme</surname>
            <given-names>Filipe Giordano</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ferreira</surname>
            <given-names>Jomara Cust&#243;dio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Souza</surname>
            <given-names>Aline Miranda de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Bragan&#231;a Paulista</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state"/>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade S&#227;o Francisco</institution>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2008</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>91</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>e11</fpage>
      <lpage>e13</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>27</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2007</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>27</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2007</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>08</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2007</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>A f&#237;stula coronariana &#233; uma anomalia caracterizada por comunica&#231;&#227;o entre uma art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria e uma c&#226;mara card&#237;aca, art&#233;ria pulmonar, seio coronariano e veias pulmonares. Representa 0,2% a 0,4 % das cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas e 0,1% a 0,2% da popula&#231;&#227;o adulta submetida a angiografia coronariana. Relatamos o caso cl&#237;nico de uma paciente com 64 anos, cuja anomalia foi diagnosticada durante investiga&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica por desconforto tor&#225;cico, dispn&#233;ia e s&#237;ncope, sendo indicada corre&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica com abertura da art&#233;ria pulmonar atrav&#233;s de circula&#231;&#227;o extracorp&#243;rea.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt" kwd-group-type="author-generated">
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o pulmonar</kwd>
        <kwd>f&#237;stula arteriovenosa</kwd>
        <kwd>art&#233;ria pulmonar</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>11</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2008</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>RELATO DE CASO</bold>
    </p>
    <p> Hipertens&#227;o pulmonar secund&#225;ria &#224; f&#237;stulas coronarianas para tronco da pulmonar</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Jos&#233; Ramos Filho; Ot&#225;vio Andrade Carneiro da Silva; Diego Oliveira Vilarinho; Filipe Giordano Guilherme; Jomara Cust&#243;dio Ferreira; Aline Miranda de Souza</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Universidade S&#227;o Francisco, Bragan&#231;a Paulista, SP - Brasil</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end">Correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>RESUMO</bold>
    </p>
    <p>A f&#237;stula coronariana &#233; uma anomalia caracterizada por comunica&#231;&#227;o entre uma art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria e uma c&#226;mara card&#237;aca, art&#233;ria pulmonar, seio coronariano e veias pulmonares. Representa 0,2% a 0,4 % das cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas e 0,1% a 0,2% da popula&#231;&#227;o adulta submetida a angiografia coronariana. Relatamos o caso cl&#237;nico de uma paciente com 64 anos, cuja anomalia foi diagnosticada durante investiga&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica por desconforto tor&#225;cico, dispn&#233;ia e s&#237;ncope, sendo indicada corre&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica com abertura da art&#233;ria pulmonar atrav&#233;s de circula&#231;&#227;o extracorp&#243;rea.</p>
    <p><bold>Palavras-chave:</bold> Hipertens&#227;o pulmonar, f&#237;stula arteriovenosa, art&#233;ria pulmonar.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Descrita em 1865 por Krause<sup>1</sup>, a fistula coronariana &#233; uma anomalia cong&#234;nita ou adquirida, caracterizada por comunica&#231;&#227;o anormal entre uma art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria e uma c&#226;mara card&#237;aca ou &#224; art&#233;ria pulmonar<sup>2</sup>. A ocorr&#234;ncia de f&#237;stulas coronarianas &#233; fato incomum, por&#233;m reveste-se de import&#226;ncia quando o fluxo sang&#252;&#237;neo &#233; de grande magnitude. Cieslinski e cols.<sup>3</sup>, em estudo retrospectivo de 4.016 cinecoronariografias realizadas num per&#237;odo de cinco anos, s&#243; encontraram um caso de fistula coronariana. A maioria dos casos relatados &#233; cong&#234;nita ou secund&#225;ria a complica&#231;&#245;es de algum procedimento invasivo. Representam 0,2% a 0,4%<sup>4-5</sup> das cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas e uma rela&#231;&#227;o homem-mulher de 1,9:1<sup>3</sup>.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Relato do Caso</bold>
    </p>
    <p>A. F. M., mulher, 64 anos, consultou manifestando desconforto tor&#225;cico mal-definido h&#225; cinco anos, e nos &#250;ltimos tr&#234;s meses vem apresentando dispn&#233;ia e s&#237;ncope. Ao exame f&#237;sico, PA = 140x80 mmHg, pulso de 78 ppm, arr&#237;tmico em raz&#227;o de extra-s&#237;stoles ventriculares isoladas, e ausculta card&#237;aca apresentando sopro sist&#243;lico no foco tric&#250;spide 3+/+++. Nos exames complementares, o ECG demonstrou altera&#231;&#245;es inespec&#237;ficas de repolariza&#231;&#227;o ventricular na regi&#227;o &#226;ntero-septal e o ecocardiograma bidimensional evidenciou aneurisma do septo interatrial, aumento das dimens&#245;es do ventr&#237;culo direito e &#225;trio direito. No mapeamento de fluxo em cores foi observado fluxo turbulento regurgitante atrav&#233;s da valva tric&#250;spide e fluxo turbulento sistodiast&#243;lico entre a aorta e o tronco da art&#233;ria pulmonar (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">fig. 1</xref>), indicando a possibilidade de f&#237;stula comunicando os dois grandes vasos. A fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda encontrava-se preservada com sinais de altera&#231;&#227;o do relaxamento e a press&#227;o sist&#243;lica da art&#233;ria pulmonar foi estimada pelo refluxo tric&#250;spide em 58 mmHg. </p>
    <fig id="fig1">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-91-02-0e11-00013-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>O cateterismo card&#237;aco esquerdo demonstrou origem t&#243;pica dos &#243;stios coronarianos e a angiografia seletiva de coron&#225;rias evidenciou f&#237;stulas de ambas as art&#233;rias, comunicando com o tronco da art&#233;ria pulmonar (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">fig. 2</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig3">3</xref>). A art&#233;ria descendente anterior apresenta-se deslocada no seu trajeto pelo tronco da art&#233;ria pulmonar, em raz&#227;o de esse apresentar-se com dilata&#231;&#227;o acentuada (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">fig. 2</xref>). O cateterismo card&#237;aco de c&#226;maras direitas demonstrou dilata&#231;&#227;o de tronco e ramos pulmonares e aumento das dimens&#245;es das cavidades card&#237;acas direitas. Na manometria foi observada press&#227;o sist&#243;lica pulmonar de 56 mmHg e press&#227;o pulmonar m&#233;dia de 32 mmHg.</p>
    <fig id="fig2">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-91-02-0e11-00013-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
    <fig id="fig3">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-91-02-0e11-00013-gf03.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>
      <bold>Discuss&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Aproximadamente 50% das f&#237;stulas das art&#233;rias coronarianas se originam na art&#233;ria coronariana direita, e 45% na art&#233;ria coronariana esquerda, e menos de 5% de ambas<sup>2</sup>. A repercuss&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica depende do s&#237;tio de origem, t&#233;rmino e tamanho da f&#237;stula. V&#225;rios m&#233;todos diagn&#243;sticos dispon&#237;veis, como angiorresson&#226;ncia e angiotomografia, podem ser utilizados para o diagn&#243;stico de f&#237;stulas arteriovenosas, por&#233;m nossa investiga&#231;&#227;o iniciou-se a partir dos achados ecocardiogr&#225;ficos com mapeamento de fluxo em cores, que demonstrou fluxo turbulento entre a art&#233;ria aorta e o tronco da art&#233;ria pulmonar, e posteriormente cateterismo card&#237;aco de c&#226;maras esquerdas e direitas. A maioria das f&#237;stulas coronarianas &#233; pequena e geralmente sem repercuss&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica. As f&#237;stulas de alto d&#233;bito, como no caso relatado por n&#243;s, podem resultar em hipertens&#227;o pulmonar e sintomas decorrentes de isquemia mioc&#225;rdica cr&#244;nica, como angina de peito, insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, cardiomiopatia, infarto do mioc&#225;rdio, endocardite, arritmias, trombose e/ou ruptura da f&#237;stula, de ocorr&#234;ncia rara, por&#233;m descrito na literatura<sup>6</sup>. </p>
    <p>Na referida paciente, observamos sintomas cl&#237;nicos compat&#237;veis com disfun&#231;&#227;o do VD por hipertens&#227;o pulmonar cr&#244;nica, bem como sintomas decorrentes de prov&#225;vel redu&#231;&#227;o da reserva de fluxo coronariano. Al&#233;m disso, em decorr&#234;ncia do roubo de fluxo coronariano, tanto na s&#237;stole como especialmente na di&#225;stole, ocorre redu&#231;&#227;o da oferta de oxig&#234;nio com preju&#237;zo da perfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica e aumento do volume sang&#252;&#237;neo nos pulm&#245;es, podendo elevar a press&#227;o intrapulmonar em raz&#227;o da magnitude das f&#237;stulas<sup>7</sup>.</p>
    <p>A terap&#234;utica para fechamento de f&#237;stulas em algumas regi&#245;es pode ser realizada por cateterismo intervencionista; entretanto, optamos por tratamento cir&#250;rgico pela falta de experi&#234;ncia dos nossos hemodinamicistas nesse tipo de procedimento. No caso relatado, ficaram demonstradas hipertens&#227;o pulmonar cr&#244;nica e presen&#231;a de sintomas compat&#237;veis com redu&#231;&#227;o da reserva de fluxo coronariano, sendo indicada corre&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica com abertura da pulmonar atrav&#233;s de circula&#231;&#227;o extracorp&#243;rea, abordagem essa tamb&#233;m proposta por outros autores<sup>8-10</sup>.</p>
    <p>A paciente foi submetida a tratamento cir&#250;rgico em janeiro de 2006, encontra-se bem clinicamente e ainda mant&#233;m discreto grau de hipertens&#227;o pulmonar (press&#227;o sist&#243;lica pulmonar estimada pelo Doppler em 34 mmHg). Atualmente faz uso di&#225;rio de telmisartan 40 mg, nifedipina retard 40 mg e &#225;cido acetilsalic&#237;lico 200 mg.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Refer&#234;ncias</bold>
    </p>
    <p content-type="ref-to-delete"> 1. Krause W. Uber den Ursprung einer akzessorischen coronaria aus der pulmonalis. Z Rati Med. 1865; 24: 225-7 apud Groppo AA, Coimbra LF, Santos MVN. F&#237;stula da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria: relato de tr&#234;s casos operados e revis&#227;o da literatura. Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc. 2002; 17 (3): 271-5. </p>
    <p content-type="ref-to-delete">2. Groppo AA, Coimbra LF, Santos MVN. F&#237;stula da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria: relato de tr&#234;s casos operados e revis&#227;o da literatura. Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc. 2002; 17 (3): 271-5. </p>
    <p content-type="ref-to-delete">3. Cieslinski G, Rapprich B, Kuber G. Coronary anomalies: incidence and importance. Clin Cardiol. 1993; 16: 711-5. </p>
    <p content-type="ref-to-delete">4. Abundis A, Rangel A, Mu&#241;oz Castellanos L, Marin G, Chavez-P&#233;rez E, Badu&#237; E. Correlacion morfofuncional en las anomalias congenitas de las arterias coronarias y fistulas arteriales coronarias. Arch Inst Cardiol Mex. 1994; 64: 161-74. </p>
    <p content-type="ref-to-delete">5. Gasul BM, Arcilla RA, Fell EH, Lynfield J, Bicoff JP, Luan LL. Congenital coronary arteriovenous fistula. Pediatrics. 1960; 25: 531-60. </p>
    <p content-type="ref-to-delete">6. Ito M, Kodama M, Saeki M, Fukunaga H, Goto T, Inoue H, et al. Rupture of a giant saccular aneurysm of coronary arteriovenous fistulas. Jpn Heart J. 2000; 41: 659-64. </p>
    <p content-type="ref-to-delete">7. Okei K, Horita Y, Shimizu M, Mabuchi H. A quantitative evolution of coronary steal phenomenon in coronary artery-pulmonary artery fistula: case report. J Cardiol. 1995; 26: 305-12. </p>
    <p content-type="ref-to-delete">8. Neufeld HN, Lester RG, Adams P Jr, Anderson RC, Lillehei CW, Edwards JE. Congenital communication of a coronary artery with a cardiac chamber or the pulmonary trunk ("coronary artery fistula"). Circulation. 1961; 24:171-9. </p>
    <p content-type="ref-to-delete">9. Buxton B, Ventimeglia R, Reul GJ, Cooley DA. Congenital coronary-to-pulmonary artery fistula: diagnosis and treatment. Cardiovasc Dis. 1976; 3 (2): 202-9. </p>
    <p content-type="ref-to-delete">10. de Nef JJ, Varghese PJ, Losekoot G. Congenital coronary artery fistula: analysis of 17 cases. Br Heart J. 1971; 33: 857-62. </p>
    <p>
      <fn id="end" fn-type="corresp">
        <p>Correspond&#234;ncia:</p>
        <p> Jos&#233; Ramos Filho </p>
        <p> Rua Roterdam, 57 - Residencial Euroville </p>
        <p> 12917-040, Bragan&#231;a Paulista, SP - Brasil </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="joseramos@cardiol.br">joseramos@cardiol.br</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p>Artigo recebido em 27/07/07; revisado recebido em 27/09/07; aceito em 08/10/07.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Report</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Pulmonary hypertension secondary to coronary-to-pulmonary artery fistula</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>The coronary fistula is an anomaly characterized by the communication between a coronary artery and a cardiac chamber, pulmonary artery, coronary sinus and pulmonary veins. It represents 0.2 to 0.4% of the congenital cardiopathies and 0.1% to 0.2% of the adult population submitted to coronary angiography. We report the clinical case of a 64-year-old female patient, whose anomaly was diagnosed during a clinical investigation due to chest discomfort, dyspnea and syncope; the surgical correction was indicated, with opening of the pulmonary artery through extracorporeal circulation.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Pulmonary hypertension</kwd>
        <kwd>arteriovenous fistula</kwd>
        <kwd>pulmonary artery</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>CASE REPORT</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Pulmonary hypertension secondary to coronary-to-pulmonary artery fistula</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Jos&#233; Ramos Filho; Ot&#225;vio Andrade Carneiro da Silva; Diego Oliveira Vilarinho; Filipe Giordano Guilherme; Jomara Cust&#243;dio Ferreira; Aline Miranda de Souza</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Universidade S&#227;o Francisco, Bragan&#231;a Paulista, SP - Brazil</p>
      <p>
        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="rend-body2">Mailing address</xref>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>ABSTRACT</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The coronary fistula is an anomaly characterized by the communication between a coronary artery and a cardiac chamber, pulmonary artery, coronary sinus and pulmonary veins. It represents 0.2 to 0.4% of the congenital cardiopathies and 0.1% to 0.2% of the adult population submitted to coronary angiography. We report the clinical case of a 64-yr-old female patient, whose anomaly was diagnosed during a clinical investigation due to chest discomfort, dyspnea and syncope; the surgical correction was indicated, with opening of the pulmonary artery through extracorporeal circulation.</p>
      <p><bold>Key words:</bold> Pulmonary hypertension; arteriovenous fistula; pulmonary artery.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Introduction </bold>
      </p>
      <p>Described in 1865 by Krause<sup>1</sup>, the coronary fistula is a congenital or acquired anomaly, characterized by the abnormal communication between a coronary artery and a cardiac chamber or at the pulmonary artery<sup>2</sup>.</p>
      <p>The occurrence of coronary fistulae is an uncommon fact; however, it becomes significant when the blood flow is of a certain magnitude. Cieslinski et al<sup>3</sup>, in a retrospective study of 4,016 coronary angiographies performed during a five-year period, only found one case of coronary fistula. Most of the reported cases are congenital or secondary to complications caused by an invasive procedure. They represent 0.2% to 0.4%4-5 of the congenital cardiopathies and have a man-woman ratio of 1.9:1<sup>3</sup>.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Case Report </bold>
      </p>
      <p>A. F. M., a 64-year-old female patient, sought medical attention complaining of indistinct chest discomfort in the last five years, with dyspnea and syncope in the last three months. At the physical examination, BP was 140x80 mmHg, pulse was 78 ppm and arrhythmic, due to isolated ventricular extrasystoles and heart auscultation showing 3+/+++ systolic murmur in the tricuspid area. At the complementary examinations, the ECG showed unspecific alterations of ventricular repolarization in the anteroseptal region; the bidimensional echocardiogram showed the presence of an aneurysm in the interatrial septum, increased dimension of the right ventricle and the right atrium. The color-flow mapping showed a regurgitating turbulent flow through the tricuspid valve and a turbulent systodiastolic flow between the aorta and the pulmonary trunk artery (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1-body2">Figure 1</xref>), indicating the possibility of a fistula communicating the two large vessels.</p>
      <fig id="fig1-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-91-02-0e11-00013-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>The left ventricular function was preserved with signs of relaxation alteration and the systolic pressure of the pulmonary artery was estimated by the tricuspid reflux at 58 mmHg.</p>
      <p>The left cardiac catheterism demonstrated the topic origin of the coronary ostia and the selective angiography of the coronaries showed fistulae in both arteries, communicating with the pulmonary artery trunk (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2-body2">Figures 2</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig3-body2">3</xref>). The anterior descending artery was displaced by the pulmonary artery trunk, as the latter was markedly dilated (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2-body2">Figure 2</xref>). The cardiac catheterism of the right chambers showed dilation of the pulmonary trunk and branches and increased dimension of the right cardiac chambers. The manometry showed pulmonary systolic pressure of 56 mmHg and mean pulmonary pressure of 32 mmHg.</p>
      <fig id="fig2-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-91-02-0e11-00013-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <fig id="fig3-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-91-02-0e11-00013-gf03-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>
        <bold>Discussion</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Approximately 50% of the coronary artery fistulae originate from the right coronary artery and 45% from the left coronary artery; less than 5% of them originate from both<sup>2</sup>. The hemodynamic effect depends on the site of origin and end and the size of the fistula. Several available diagnostic methods, such as angioresonance and angiotomography can be used for the diagnosis of arteriovenous fistulae. However, our investigation was started based on the echocardiographic findings with color flow mapping, which showed a turbulent flow between the aorta artery and the pulmonary artery trunk and, subsequently, cardiac catheterism of the left and right chambers. Most of the coronary fistulae is small and generally have no hemodynamic effect. The high output fistulae, as in the case reported here, can result in pulmonary hypertension and symptoms caused by chronic myocardial ischemia, such as chest angina, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, endocarditis, arrhythmia, thrombosis and/or fistula rupture, which is a rare event, although it has been described in the literature<sup>6</sup>.</p>
      <p>Our patient showed clinical symptoms compatible with RV dysfunction due to chronic pulmonary hypertension, as well as symptoms caused by probable reduction in the coronary flow reserve. Additionally, as a consequence of the coronary flow reduction in the systole as well as in the diastole, there is a reduction in the oxygen supply, with myocardial perfusion impairment and increased blood volume in the lungs, which can increase the intrapulmonary pressure due to the magnitude of the fistulae<sup>7</sup>.</p>
      <p>The treatment for the closing of the fistula in some regions can be performed by interventionist catheterism; however, we chose the surgical treatment due to the lack of experience of our hemodynamicists in this type of procedure. In the case reported here, chronic pulmonary hypertension and the presence of symptoms compatible with decreased coronary flow reserve were demonstrated and the surgical correction was indicated, with opening of the pulmonary artery through extracorporeal circulation, an approach that has also been proposed by other authors<sup>8-10</sup>.</p>
      <p> The patient was submitted to surgical treatment in January 2006; she is currently clinically well and still maintain a slight degree of pulmonary hypertension (pulmonary systolic pressure estimated by Doppler at 34 mmHg). She is presently using 40 mg of telmisartan, 40 mg of nifedipine retard and 200 mg of acetylsalicylic acid.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
      <p content-type="ref-to-delete"> 1. Krause W. Uber den Ursprung einer akzessorischen coronaria aus der pulmonalis. Z Rati Med. 1865; 24: 225-7 apud Groppo AA, Coimbra LF, Santos MVN. F&#237;stula da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria: relato de tr&#234;s casos operados e revis&#227;o da literatura. Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc. 2002; 17 (3): 271-5. </p>
      <p content-type="ref-to-delete">2. Groppo AA, Coimbra LF, Santos MVN. F&#237;stula da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria: relato de tr&#234;s casos operados e revis&#227;o da literatura. Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc. 2002; 17 (3): 271-5. </p>
      <p content-type="ref-to-delete">3. Cieslinski G, Rapprich B, Kuber G. Coronary anomalies: incidence and importance. Clin Cardiol. 1993; 16: 711-5. </p>
      <p content-type="ref-to-delete">4. Abundis A, Rangel A, Mu&#241;oz Castellanos L, Marin G, Chavez-P&#233;rez E, Badu&#237; E. Correlacion morfofuncional en las anomalias congenitas de las arterias coronarias y fistulas arteriales coronarias. Arch Inst Cardiol Mex. 1994; 64: 161-74. </p>
      <p content-type="ref-to-delete">5. Gasul BM, Arcilla RA, Fell EH, Lynfield J, Bicoff JP, Luan LL. Congenital coronary arteriovenous fistula. Pediatrics. 1960; 25: 531-60. </p>
      <p content-type="ref-to-delete">6. Ito M, Kodama M, Saeki M, Fukunaga H, Goto T, Inoue H, et al. Rupture of a giant saccular aneurysm of coronary arteriovenous fistulas. Jpn Heart J. 2000; 41: 659-64. </p>
      <p content-type="ref-to-delete">7. Okei K, Horita Y, Shimizu M, Mabuchi H. A quantitative evolution of coronary steal phenomenon in coronary artery-pulmonary artery fistula: case report. J Cardiol. 1995; 26: 305-12. </p>
      <p content-type="ref-to-delete">8. Neufeld HN, Lester RG, Adams P Jr, Anderson RC, Lillehei CW, Edwards JE. Congenital communication of a coronary artery with a cardiac chamber or the pulmonary trunk ("coronary artery fistula"). Circulation. 1961; 24:171-9. </p>
      <p content-type="ref-to-delete">9. Buxton B, Ventimeglia R, Reul GJ, Cooley DA. Congenital coronary-to-pulmonary artery fistula: diagnosis and treatment. Cardiovasc Dis. 1976; 3 (2): 202-9. </p>
      <p>10. de Nef JJ, Varghese PJ, Losekoot G. Congenital coronary artery fistula: analysis of 17 cases. Br Heart J. 1971; 33: 857-62.      </p>
      <p>
        <fn id="rend-body2" fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Mailing Address:</p>
          <p> Jos&#233; Ramos Filho</p>
          <p> Rua Roterdam, 57 - Residencial Euroville</p>
          <p> 12917-040, Bragan&#231;a Paulista, SP - Brazil</p>
          <p> E-mail: </p>
          <p>
            <email xlink:href="joseramos@cardiol.br">joseramos@cardiol.br</email>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </p>
      <p>Manuscript received July 27, 2007; revised manuscript received September 27, 2007; accepted October 08, 2007..</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
