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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">YrmHPbVNxX4LKwtPCb6BQDJ</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00011</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2008001300011</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(08)09100111</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2008001300011</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Drenagem an&#244;mala parcial de quatro veias pulmonares com septo interatrial &#237;ntegro: relato de um caso raro</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Atik</surname>
            <given-names>Edmar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bhering</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Aparecida</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Assad</surname>
            <given-names>Renato Samy</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina </institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2008</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>91</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>e1</fpage>
      <lpage>e3</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>19</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2007</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2007</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>04</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2007</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>&#201; relatado caso raro de drenagem an&#244;mala parcial de quatro veias pulmonares no &#225;trio direito e veia cava superior, com septo interatrial &#237;ntegro em crian&#231;a de cinco anos de idade. Havia poucos sintomas, em contraste com d&#233;bito ventricular esquerdo dependente do fluxo da veia lobar superior esquerda e da l&#237;ngula. Complac&#234;ncia diminu&#237;da &#224; esquerda motivou quadro acentuado de hipertens&#227;o venocapilar pulmonar no p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio imediato, aliviado por feitura de comunica&#231;&#227;o interatrial de 8 mm. A evolu&#231;&#227;o posterior foi boa.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt" kwd-group-type="author-generated">
        <kwd>Cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas</kwd>
        <kwd>veias pulmonares</kwd>
        <kwd>hipertens&#227;o pulmonar</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>25</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2008</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>RELATO DE CASO</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Drenagem an&#244;mala parcial de quatro veias pulmonares com septo interatrial &#237;ntegro. Relato de um caso raro</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Edmar Atik; Maria Aparecida Bhering; Renato Samy Assad</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="nt">Correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>RESUMO</bold>
    </p>
    <p>&#201; relatado caso raro de drenagem an&#244;mala parcial de quatro veias pulmonares no &#225;trio direito e veia cava superior, com septo interatrial &#237;ntegro em crian&#231;a de cinco anos de idade. Havia poucos sintomas, em contraste com d&#233;bito ventricular esquerdo dependente do fluxo da veia lobar superior esquerda e da l&#237;ngula. Complac&#234;ncia diminu&#237;da &#224; esquerda motivou quadro acentuado de hipertens&#227;o venocapilar pulmonar no p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio imediato, aliviado por feitura de comunica&#231;&#227;o interatrial de 8 mm. A evolu&#231;&#227;o posterior foi boa.</p>
    <p><bold>Palavras-chave: </bold>Cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas, veias pulmonares, hipertens&#227;o pulmonar.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Na drenagem an&#244;mala parcial das veias pulmonares (DAPVP), mesmo com septo interatrial &#237;ntegro (de 20% a 33% dos casos), observa-se a persist&#234;ncia de repercuss&#227;o cl&#237;nica discreta, ainda que em longo prazo<sup>1-4</sup>.</p>
    <p>Em mais de 95% dos casos de DAPVP, as conex&#245;es an&#244;malas ocorrem em uma ou em duas veias pulmonares e raramente derivam dos dois pulm&#245;es ao mesmo tempo<sup>1-4,5</sup>. Tr&#234;s e quatro drenagens venosas pulmonares an&#244;malas foram relatadas apenas duas vezes na literatura<sup>3</sup>.</p>
    <p>Descreve-se um caso incomum de DAPVP, constitu&#237;da por quatro veias an&#244;malas, sendo tr&#234;s do pulm&#227;o direito e uma do lobo inferior esquerdo, com septo interatrial &#237;ntegro.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Relato do Caso</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Crian&#231;a com cinco anos de idade, sexo masculino, apresentava cansa&#231;o discreto aos esfor&#231;os, sobrepeso corporal (peso: 36 kg; altura: 110 cm) e sopro card&#237;aco auscultado h&#225; seis meses.</p>
    <p>O exame f&#237;sico exibia bom estado geral, eupn&#233;ico, e pulsos normais. Press&#227;o arterial era 100/65 mmHg, freq&#252;&#234;ncia card&#237;aca 86 bpm e satura&#231;&#227;o capilar 95%. No prec&#243;rdio, verificaram-se impuls&#245;es sist&#243;licas discretas, segunda bulha desdobrada constante e discreto sopro sist&#243;lico na &#225;rea pulmonar. O f&#237;gado era normal.</p>
    <p>O eletrocardiograma mostrava ritmo sinusal, sobrecarga diast&#243;lica ventricular direita, complexo QRS polif&#225;sico em V1, ondas S espessadas em I, L e V4 a V6, e dura&#231;&#227;o de 0,11". A radiografia de t&#243;rax salientava discreta cardiomegalia, &#224; custa das cavidades direitas, arco m&#233;dio abaulado e trama vascular pulmonar proeminente. O ecocardiograma mostrava aumento discreto das cavidades direitas, DAPVP direitas no &#225;trio direito e na veia cava superior direita (VCSD). A cava superior esquerda e a veia pulmonar inferior esquerda drenavam no seio coron&#225;rio. O septo interatrial era &#237;ntegro. As medidas obtidas foram: VD: 30 mm, DDVE: 40 mm, DSVE: 23 mm, AE: 24 mm, Ao: 24 mm, delta D: 42%, FEVE: 80% (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="a11fig01">fig.1</xref>). Estudo hemodin&#226;mico mostrou discreta hipertens&#227;o em cavidades direitas (AD: 10 mmHg, VD: 36/10 mm Hg, TP: 36/11/24 mmHg). &#192; angiografia, a veia cava superior esquerda desembocava no seio coron&#225;rio dilatado, conectando-se atrav&#233;s de veia inominada fina com a VCSD. A veia do lobo superior direito (LSD) desembocava na VCSD, as do lobo m&#233;dio e inferior direitas (LID) e a do lobo inferior esquerdo (LIE) no &#225;trio direito. A drenagem da veia lobar superior esquerda (LSE) e da l&#237;ngula era normal, no &#225;trio esquerdo (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="a11fig02">fig. 2</xref>). </p>
    <p content-type="asset">
      <fig id="a11fig01">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-91-01-00e1-00011-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p content-type="asset">
      <fig id="a11fig02">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-91-01-00e1-00011-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>O tratamento cir&#250;rgico foi realizado com circula&#231;&#227;o extracorp&#243;rea (CEC), sob hipotermia de 24&#186;C. Prote&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica realizada com solu&#231;&#227;o cardiopl&#233;gica sang&#252;&#237;nea hipot&#233;rmica (4&#186;C) cada 30 minutos. Atrav&#233;s atriotomia direita longitudinal, estendendo-se &#224; VCSD, o septo atrial &#237;ntegro foi ressecado quando se visibilizou &#225;trio esquerdo reduzido. Constatou-se que a veia do lobo superior direito drenava na VCSD e as do lobo m&#233;dio e inferior direitas no &#225;trio direito. A veia do LIE se conectava pelo mesmo orif&#237;cio de drenagem da veia hom&#244;nima direita, e as veias LSE e da l&#237;ngula, juntas, drenavam de maneira habitual no &#225;trio esquerdo. As veias an&#244;malas foram tunelizadas com peric&#225;rdio aut&#243;logo para o &#225;trio esquerdo e VCSD ampliada com remendo de peric&#225;rdio bovino. A parada an&#243;xica card&#237;aca correspondeu a 105 minutos, e o suporte circulat&#243;rio extracorp&#243;reo, a 170 minutos. Observaram-se press&#227;o supra-sist&#234;mica no ventr&#237;culo direito e hipertens&#227;o (50 mm Hg) em &#225;trio esquerdo. O ecocardiograma transesof&#225;gico (ETE) revelou insufici&#234;ncia mitral moderada e disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda. Restabeleceu-se circula&#231;&#227;o extracorp&#243;rea por mais 35 minutos, para atriosseptectomia de 8 mm, realizada no retalho de peric&#225;rdio aut&#243;logo. Houve da&#237; melhora da fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular e da regurgita&#231;&#227;o mitral, o que foi confirmado pelo ETE.</p>
    <p>O esterno permaneceu aberto 36 horas, por dilata&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo direito. Com o uso de furosemida, vasodilatadores (&#243;xido n&#237;trico e captopril) e inotr&#243;picos (dobutamina e adrenalina), houve estabiliza&#231;&#227;o da congest&#227;o venocapilar pulmonar e baixo d&#233;bito card&#237;aco. O paciente obteve alta hospitalar em boas condi&#231;&#245;es, ap&#243;s quinze dias da opera&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>O ecocardiograma, oito meses ap&#243;s, demonstrou cavidades card&#237;acas normais (AE: 29 mm; Aorta: 24 mm; VD: 20 mm; VE: 46 mm), fun&#231;&#227;o biventricular normal (FEVE: 65%) e valvas competentes. Havia comunica&#231;&#227;o interatrial de 9 mm, com fluxo da esquerda para a direita. A press&#227;o sist&#243;lica pulmonar era 23 mm Hg. N&#227;o havia sinais de obstru&#231;&#227;o no redirecionamento do retorno venoso pulmonar (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="a11fig01">fig. 1</xref>).</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Discuss&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>O septo interatrial encontra-se &#237;ntegro em 20% a 33% dos casos de DAPVP<sup>1,2</sup>. Associa&#231;&#245;es com outros defeitos ocorrem em 20%. Entre os principais, figuram cor triatriatum em 7,8%, estenose mitral em 4,3% e coarta&#231;&#227;o da aorta em 2,6%, dos 139 casos relatados de 1964 a 2006<sup>1,2,6,7</sup>. Outros defeitos esporadicamente se associam, como comunica&#231;&#227;o interventricular, veia cava superior esquerda no &#225;trio esquerdo, interrup&#231;&#227;o do arco a&#243;rtico, tetralogia de Fallot, defeito do septo atrioventricular, al&#233;m de s&#237;ndromes gen&#233;ticas como a de Turner, Jarcho Levin e Kabuki<sup>6,7</sup>. Desses 139 casos relatados, em apenas dois deles havia tr&#234;s e quatro veias an&#244;malas, correspondendo essa situa&#231;&#227;o anat&#244;mica a 1,4% do total<sup>1-4</sup>. </p>
    <p>&#201; sabido que a comunica&#231;&#227;o interatrial (CIA) associada &#224; DAPVP n&#227;o ocasiona hipertens&#227;o pulmonar importante. No entanto, na aus&#234;ncia da CIA, o retorno venoso pulmonar tende a se intensificar atrav&#233;s da veia pulmonar an&#244;mala, em raz&#227;o da menor resist&#234;ncia das estruturas venosas direitas, ocasionando da&#237; maior sobrecarga de volume das cavidades direitas e hipertens&#227;o pulmonar<sup>2</sup>. </p>
    <p>O d&#233;bito sist&#234;mico dependia exclusivamente do fluxo proveniente da veia do lobo superior esquerdo e da l&#237;ngula, sendo da&#237; menor que 50% do retorno venoso pulmonar total, mesmo considerando-se o tamanho menor das duas veias pulmonares an&#244;malas superiores, &#224; direita. No entanto, do ponto de vista din&#226;mico, comportava-se o paciente como tivesse uma cl&#225;ssica CIA, sem grande express&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica e sem hipertens&#227;o pulmonar e/ou baixo d&#233;bito sist&#234;mico.</p>
    <p>Por isso, admite-se a exist&#234;ncia de mecanismos de adapta&#231;&#227;o a essas condi&#231;&#245;es anat&#244;micas desfavor&#225;veis. S&#227;o eles de tal express&#227;o que o paciente p&#244;de se manter com poucos sintomas e sinais, e ainda respons&#225;veis por desenvolvimento f&#237;sico normal.</p>
    <p>O quadro congestivo pulmonar p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio, por dimens&#245;es e complac&#234;ncia reduzidas das cavidades esquerdas, no entanto, contrasta com o quadro adaptativo pr&#233;-operat&#243;rio.</p>
    <p>Salienta-se da&#237; que os mecanismos adaptativos a est&#237;mulos diversos, assim como a resposta individual a estes, permanecem ainda dependentes de aspectos cujas explica&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o dif&#237;ceis at&#233; de um posicionamento l&#243;gico.</p>
    <p>
      <fn id="nt" fn-type="corresp">
        <p>Correspond&#234;ncia:</p>
        <p> Edmar Atik </p>
        <p> Rua 13 de Maio, 1954, cj. 71, Bela Vista </p>
        <p> 01.327-002, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p><email xlink:href="eatik@cardiol.br">eatik@cardiol.br</email>, </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="conatik@incor.usp.br">conatik@incor.usp.br</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p>Artigo recebido em 04/05/07; revisado recebido em 10/10/07; aceito em 19/11/07.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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          </date>
          <fpage>203</fpage>
          <lpage>6</lpage>
          <volume>52</volume>
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Elami</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rein</surname>
              <given-names>AJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Preminger</surname>
              <given-names>TJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Milgalter</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Report</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Partial anomalous return of four pulmonary veins with intact interatrial septum defect: a rare case report</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>We report on the rare case of partial anomalous return of four pulmonary veins in the right atrium and superior vena cava with intact interatrial septum in a five-year-old child. There were few symptoms in contrast with the left ventricular output dependent on the flow of the left upper lobe vein and from the lingula. Reduced compliance to the left led to a severe picture of pulmonary venocapillary hypertension in the immediate postoperative period, mitigated by an 8-mm interatrial septal defect. The patient progressed well after the intervention.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Heart defects, congenital</kwd>
        <kwd>pulmonary veins</kwd>
        <kwd>hypertension, pulmonary</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>CASE REPORT</bold>
      </p>
      <p><undefined id="tx-body2"/>Partial anomalous return of four pulmonary veins with intact interatrial septum defect. A rare case report</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Edmar Atik; Maria Aparecida Bhering; Renato Samy Assad</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil </p>
      <p>Mailing address</p>
      <p>
        <bold>ABSTRACT</bold>
      </p>
      <p>We report on the rare case of partial anomalous return of four pulmonary veins in the right atrium and superior vena cava with intact interatrial septum in a five-year-old child. There were few symptoms in contrast with the left ventricular output dependent on the flow of the left upper lobe vein and from the lingula. Reduced compliance to the left led to a severe picture of pulmonary venocapillary hypertension in the immediate postoperative period, mitigated by an 8-mm interatrial septal defect. The patient progressed well after the intervention.</p>
      <p><bold>Key words:</bold> Heart defects, congenital; pulmonary veins; hypertension, pulmonary.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Introduction</bold>
      </p>
      <p>In partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR), even with intact interatrial septum (from 20% to 33% of the cases), mild clinical repercussion persisted, although in the long term<sup>1-4</sup>. </p>
      <p>In more than 95% of the cases of PAPVR, anomalous connections occur in one or two pulmonary veins and rarely derive from the two lungs at the same time<sup>1-4,5</sup>. Three and four anomalous pulmonary venous return have been reported only twice in the literature<sup>3</sup>.</p>
      <p>We describe an uncommon case of PAPVR, constituted by four anomalous veins, three from the right lung and one from the lower left lobe with intact interatrial septum. </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Case Report</bold>
      </p>
      <p>A male five-year-old child presented with mild fatigue at efforts, overweight (weight: 36 kg; height: 110 cm) and heart murmur heard six months ago. </p>
      <p>On physical examination the child was in good general health, eupneic and had normal pulses. Arterial pressure was 100/65 mmHg, heart frequency was 86 bpm and capillary saturation was 95%. In the precordial we observed discreet systolic impulses, constant split second sound and a mild systolic murmur in the pulmanary area. The liver was normal.</p>
      <p>The electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm, right ventricular diastolic overload, multiphase QRS complex in V1, thickened S-waves in I, L and V4 to V6, and duration of 0.11". Chest radiography showed mild cardiomegaly at the expense of the right cavities, convex medial arch and prominent pulmonary vasculature. Echocardiogram showed a discreet enlargement of right cavities, right PAPVR in the right atrium and in the right superior vena cava (RSVC). The left superior vena cava and the left inferior pulmonary vein drained to the coronary sinus. Interatrial septum was intact. Measures obtained were: RV: 30 mm, LVDD: 40 mm, LVSD: 23 mm, LA: 24 mm, Ao: 24 mm, SF (shortening fraction): 42%, LVEF: 80% (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig01-body2">figure1</xref>). Hemodynamic study revealed mild hypertension in right cavities (RA: 10 mmHg, RV: 36/10 mm Hg, PT: 36/11/24 mmHg). On angiography the left superior vena cava drained to the dilated coronary sinus, connecting through a fine innominate vein with RSVC. The vein of the right upper lobe (RUL) drained into the RSVC; those from the right medial and lower lobe (RLL) and the one from the left lower lobe (LLL) drained into the right atrium. The left upper lobe vein (LUL) and the lingula normally into the left atrium was normal (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig02-body2">figure 2</xref>). </p>
      <fig id="fig01-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-91-01-00e1-00011-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <fig id="fig02-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-91-01-00e1-00011-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>Surgical treatment was performed with extracorporeal circulation (ECC) under hypothermia at 24&#186;C. Myocardial protection was performed with hypothermal blood cardioplegic solution (4&#186;C) every 30 minutes. Through a longitudinal right atriotomy extended to RSVC, the intact atrial septum was resected, and the reduced left atrium was visualized. We observed that the vein of the right upper lobe drained into the RSVC and those of the right medial and inferior lobe drained into the right atrium. The LLL vein connected through the same drainage orifice of the right lower lobe vein, and the LUL and lingula veins together drained in the usual way into the left atrium. The anomalous vein were cannulated with autologous pericardium tissue to the left atrium and to the RSVC enlarged with bovine pericardium graft. Anoxic cardiac arrest last 105 minutes, and extracorporeal circulatory support last 170 minutes. We observed suprasystemic pressure in the right ventricle and hypertension (50 mm Hg) in the left atrium. Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEC) revealed moderate mitral insufficiency and left ventricular dysfunction. The extracorporeal circulation was reestablished for an additional 35 minutes, for an 8-mm atrioseptectomy, performed on the autologous pericardium graft. There was then an improvement in ventricular function and in mitral regurgitation, which was confirmed on TEC.</p>
      <p>The sternal remained open for 36 hours, due to dilation of the right ventricle. With the use of furosemide, vasodilator (nitric oxide and captopril) and inotropics (dobutamine and adrenalin), there was stabilization of pulmonary venocapillary congestion and low cardiac output. The patient was discharged in good conditions 15 days after the procedure. </p>
      <p>The echocardiogram performed eight months after the procedure showed normal heart cavities (LA: 29 mm; Aorta: 24 mm; RV: 20 mm; VE: 46 mm), normal biventricular function (LVEF: 65%) and competent valves. There was a 9-mm interatrial septal defect with left-to-right flow. Pulmonary systolic pressure was 23 mm Hg. There were no signs of obstruction when the pulmonary venous return was redirected (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig01-body2">fig. 1</xref>).</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Discussion</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The interatrial septum is intact in 20% to 33% of the cases of PAPVR<sup>1,2</sup>. Associations with other defects occur in 20% of them. Defects include cor triatriatum in 7.8%, mitral stenosis in 4.3% and aortic coarctation in 2.6% of the 139 cases reported from 1964 to 2006<sup>1,2,6,7</sup>. Other defects are sporadically associated, such as interventricular septal defect, left superior vena cava draining to the left atrium, interruption of the aortic arch, Fallot&#146;s tetralogy, atrioventricular septum defect, in addition to genetic syndromes such as the syndromes of Turner, Jarcho Levin and Kabuki<sup>6,7</sup>. Of these 139 cases reported, only in two of them there were three and four anomalous veins, an anatomical situation that corresponded to 1.4% of the total<sup>1-4</sup>. </p>
      <p>It is known that interatrial septal defect (ASD) associated with PAPVR does not cause major pulmonary hypertension. However, in the absence of ASD, pulmonary venous return tends to become more intense through the anomalous pulmonary vein due to the lower resistance of right venous structures, which causes greater right cavity volume overload and pulmonary hypertension<sup>2</sup>. </p>
      <p>Systemic output depended exclusively on the flow from the left upper lobe vein and the lingula, and was then lower than 50% of the total pulmonary venous return, even considering the smaller size of the two anomalous upper pulmonary veins to the right. However, from a dynamic point of view, the patient behaved as if he had a classic type of ASD, with no major hemodynamic expression and without pulmonary hypertension and/or low systemic output.</p>
      <p>This is why the existence of adaptive mechanisms is admitted in such unfavorable anatomical conditions. These mechanisms are so important that the patient was able to live with few symptoms and signs and also have normal physical growth.</p>
      <p>The postoperative pulmonary congestion, caused by the reduced dimensions and compliance of left cavities, however, is in contrast with the preoperative adaptive picture. </p>
      <p>Therefore, adaptive mechanisms to different stimuli, in addition to the individual response to these stimuli, remain dependent on aspects that cannot be easily explained, even from a logical point of view.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
