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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">hM67Q9k4tQBLvBsnQ8gcbbg</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00013</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2008000500013</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(08)09000513</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2008000500013</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Gesta&#231;&#227;o em portadora de arterite de Takayasu</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lucena</surname>
            <given-names>Alexandre Jorge Gomes de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Carvalho</surname>
            <given-names>Antonio Carlos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Souza</surname>
            <given-names>Jose Augusto M.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Moron</surname>
            <given-names>Antonio Fernandes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sun</surname>
            <given-names>Sue Y.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Born</surname>
            <given-names>Daniel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2008</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>90</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>e34</fpage>
      <lpage>e36</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>04</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2007</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2007</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>04</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2007</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>No presente relato, que descreve a gesta&#231;&#227;o de paciente portadora de arterite de Takayasu, ser&#227;o avaliadas a intera&#231;&#227;o dessa afec&#231;&#227;o com a gravidez e as intercorr&#234;ncias materno-fetais, do parto e do rec&#233;m-nascido.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt" kwd-group-type="author-generated">
        <kwd>Gravidez</kwd>
        <kwd>arterite</kwd>
        <kwd>aorta tor&#225;cica</kwd>
        <kwd>inflama&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>arterite de Takayasu</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>27</day>
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2008</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>RELATO DE CASO</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Gesta&#231;&#227;o em portadora de arterite de Takayasu</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Alexandre Jorge Gomes de Lucena; Antonio Carlos Carvalho; Jose Augusto M. Souza; Antonio Fernandes Moron; Sue Y. Sun; Daniel Born</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo (UNIFESP), S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="back">Correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>RESUMO</bold>
    </p>
    <p>No presente relato, que descreve a gesta&#231;&#227;o de paciente portadora de arterite de Takayasu, ser&#227;o avaliadas a intera&#231;&#227;o dessa afec&#231;&#227;o com a gravidez e as intercorr&#234;ncias materno-fetais, do parto e do rec&#233;m-nascido.</p>
    <p><bold>Palavras-chave: </bold> Gravidez, arterite, aorta tor&#225;cica, inflama&#231;&#227;o, arterite de Takayasu.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>A arterite de Takayasu (AT) &#233; uma doen&#231;a vascular inflamat&#243;ria cr&#244;nica de origem desconhecida. Acomete freq&#252;entemente o arco a&#243;rtico e seus ramos principais, embora possa afetar outros segmentos da aorta, art&#233;rias pulmonares e art&#233;rias renais<sup>1,2</sup>.</p>
    <p>Essa arterite pode determinar hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica (HAS), acidente vascular cerebral (AVC), insufici&#234;ncia a&#243;rtica, insufici&#234;ncia renal, claudica&#231;&#227;o intermitente ou insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva (ICC)<sup>3</sup>.</p>
    <p>A AT acomete mais mulheres que homens, na propor&#231;&#227;o de 4:1, e sua incid&#234;ncia &#233; maior na segunda e na terceira d&#233;cadas de vida. Embora seu diagn&#243;stico em gestantes seja raro, quando a AT acomete mulheres gr&#225;vidas a hipertens&#227;o arterial, geralmente renovascular, est&#225; presente em mais de 50% dos casos e determina maior risco materno-fetal<sup>4</sup>.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Relato do caso</bold>
    </p>
    <p>R.S.S., 17 anos de idade, negra, hipertensa desde os 12 anos de idade, com diagn&#243;stico ecocardiogr&#225;fico de coarcta&#231;&#227;o de aorta e em sua terceira gesta&#231;&#227;o, tendo a primeira terminada em abortamento espont&#226;neo com seis semanas, h&#225; quatro anos, e a segunda em parto prematuro e &#243;bito fetal aos sete meses, h&#225; dois anos.</p>
    <p>A paciente foi admitida em mar&#231;o de 2006, queixando-se de cefal&#233;ia, dispn&#233;ia aos m&#233;dios esfor&#231;os, palpita&#231;&#245;es e claudica&#231;&#227;o intermitente. Encontrava-se no segundo trimestre de gesta&#231;&#227;o (24<underline>&#170;</underline> semana), com n&#237;veis tensionais elevados nos membros superiores (180 mmHg de press&#227;o sist&#243;lica e 110 mmHg de diast&#243;lica) e diminu&#237;dos nos inferiores (110 mmHg de sist&#243;lica e 60 mmHg de diast&#243;lica).</p>
    <p>A aortografia, realizada para defini&#231;&#227;o de conduta no tratamento da coarcta&#231;&#227;o da aorta, demonstrou estreitamento nos dois ter&#231;os distais da aorta tor&#225;cica descendente, com irregularidades parietais, presen&#231;a de circula&#231;&#227;o colateral de pequeno e m&#233;dio calibres e obstru&#231;&#227;o importante na extremidade distal desse segmento (13,9 mm de di&#226;metro proximal x 2,5 mm de di&#226;metro distal). O aspecto angiogr&#225;fico era sugestivo de AT, tendo sido realizada, nesse momento, dilata&#231;&#227;o por cateter-bal&#227;o no ponto de maior estenose.</p>
    <p>Ao final do procedimento, houve aumento do di&#226;metro na &#225;rea de maior estenose (de 2,5 mm para 7,5 mm) e o gradiente m&#225;ximo a&#243;rtico caiu de 112 mmHg para 61 mmHg (queda de 51 mmHg).</p>
    <p>Ultra-sonografia com Doppler realizada durante a interna&#231;&#227;o demonstrou comprometimento do ter&#231;o proximal da art&#233;ria renal esquerda e fluxo uteroplacent&#225;rio normal.</p>
    <p>A paciente mantinha-se hipertensa (160 mmHg de press&#227;o sist&#243;lica e 90 mmHg de press&#227;o diast&#243;lica), a despeito de ter sido medicada com propranolol 60 mg/dia, nifedipina 60 mg/dia e prednisona 30 mg/dia em associa&#231;&#227;o a alfametildopa 1,5 g/dia, que j&#225; fazia uso, com melhora discreta da HAS (150 mmHg x 90 mmHg). A paciente evoluiu com melhora dos sintomas e estava assintom&#225;tica quando recebeu alta.</p>
    <p>Na 36<underline>&#170;</underline> semana de gesta&#231;&#227;o, foi novamente internada com queixas de cefal&#233;ia e HAS (170 mmHg x 100 mmHg). Nova ultra-sonografia com Doppler demonstrou retardo de crescimento intra-uterino fetal (RCIU) do tipo sim&#233;trico, com peso estimado de 1.935 g (peso esperado de 2.813 g para idade gestacional), e aumento moderado de resist&#234;ncia ao fluxo uteroplacent&#225;rio.</p>
    <p>A equipe obst&#233;trica optou pela resolu&#231;&#227;o da gravidez quando a paciente entrou em trabalho de parto, em decorr&#234;ncia dos picos de hipertens&#227;o arterial de 230 mmHg x 120 mmHg durante as contra&#231;&#245;es uterinas, levando a sofrimento fetal agudo.</p>
    <p>O parto ces&#225;reo foi realizado sem intercorr&#234;ncias maternas ou fetais, com monitoriza&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial, que se manteve entre 150 mmHg e 180 mmHg de press&#227;o sist&#243;lica. O feto nasceu com peso de 1.990 g, e escala de Apgar de 9 no primeiro minuto e de 9 no quinto minuto. A paciente e o rec&#233;m-nascido ficaram em alojamento conjunto e receberam alta hospitalar no quinto dia ap&#243;s o parto. A paciente manteve-se com as mesmas medica&#231;&#245;es no puerp&#233;rio, que foram diminu&#237;das gradualmente no ambulat&#243;rio 15 dias ap&#243;s o parto.</p>
    <p>Atualmente encontra-se ainda hipertensa, em uso de captopril 75 mg/dia e hidroclorotiazida 25 mg/dia.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Discuss&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>A AT tem distribui&#231;&#227;o universal, sendo encontrada com maior incid&#234;ncia no Jap&#227;o, nas regi&#245;es Leste e Sul da &#193;sia, e na &#205;ndia<sup>1</sup>. Sua etiologia ainda &#233; pobremente conhecida, sendo os fatores gen&#233;ticos e a auto-imunidade com presen&#231;a de ant&#237;genos de histocompatibilidade (particularmente HLA A9, A10, B5, BW40, BW52, DQW1, DR2, DR4, DR7, DW3 e DW12) as principais causas postuladas. A presen&#231;a desses ant&#237;genos est&#225; implicada com pior progn&#243;stico<sup>2</sup>.</p>
    <p>Infec&#231;&#227;o tamb&#233;m tem sido implicada na patog&#234;nese, principalmente a tuberculose, que tem alta preval&#234;ncia nessa popula&#231;&#227;o (20% a 25%) e pode funcionar como gatilho imunol&#243;gico ou como est&#237;mulo antig&#234;nico cr&#244;nico da doen&#231;a<sup>2</sup>.</p>
    <p>As manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas, que v&#227;o desde doentes assintom&#225;ticos, apenas com altera&#231;&#245;es de pulsos, at&#233; pacientes apresentando grande envolvimento neurol&#243;gico, como AVC hemorr&#225;gico, s&#227;o decorrentes de processo obstrutivo do arco a&#243;rtico e de seus ramos principais<sup>5</sup>.</p>
    <p>Ishikawa e cols.<sup>6</sup>, em trabalho incluindo 33 gesta&#231;&#245;es e mais 50 casos da literatura, descreveram complica&#231;&#245;es no ciclo grav&#237;dico-puerperal em 61,4% dos casos e 4,8% de &#243;bitos maternos, mais freq&#252;entes no terceiro trimestre de gesta&#231;&#227;o e no parto (65%) e no puerp&#233;rio (37%). As principais complica&#231;&#245;es foram ICC, HAS e AVC, sendo 4 de car&#225;ter hemorr&#225;gico.</p>
    <p>Segundo o Consenso Brasileiro sobre Cardiopatia e Gravidez<sup>7</sup>, os riscos fetais incluem RCIU em 18% e &#243;bito fetal intra-uterino em 2% a 5%. A paciente tem como antecedentes um aborto e um &#243;bito fetal pr&#233;vios, o que est&#225; de acordo com a literatura, ressaltando os necess&#225;rios cuidados com essas pacientes.</p>
    <p>Hung e col.<sup>8</sup> relataram um caso de gesta&#231;&#227;o bem-sucedida em gestante de 23 anos submetida a cirurgia de <italic>bypass</italic>, em que, utilizando drogas similares &#224;s utilizadas neste relato, conseguiram prorrogar o parto at&#233; 33 semanas. Nesse caso, a via de parto tamb&#233;m foi a opera&#231;&#227;o cesariana, em decorr&#234;ncia da gravidade do quadro da paciente. N&#227;o encontramos, na literatura, casos de tratamento percut&#226;neo durante a gravidez.</p>
    <p>A aortoplastia percut&#226;nea foi escolhida pelo pequeno risco de radia&#231;&#227;o para o feto no segundo trimestre, com a devida dupla prote&#231;&#227;o abdominal, e pela diminui&#231;&#227;o da mortalidade fetal quando comparada &#224; cirurgia convencional (30% e 5%, respectivamente)<sup>9</sup>.</p>
    <p>Aortoplastia percut&#226;nea foi realizada por decis&#227;o da equipe de Hemodin&#226;mica, motivada pela gravidade da estenose e pela significativa manifesta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica da doen&#231;a. Houve sens&#237;vel melhora da estenose e do fluxo distal, resultando em atenua&#231;&#227;o da HAS, mantida provavelmente pelo comprometimento renovascular, permitindo, junto com as medica&#231;&#245;es anti-hipertensivas, a evolu&#231;&#227;o da gesta&#231;&#227;o at&#233; a 36&#170; semana.</p>
    <p>As medica&#231;&#245;es utilizadas foram o alfametildopa, que &#233; in&#243;cuo na gesta&#231;&#227;o (classe A), o propranolol, que tem efeito dose-dependente e &#233; seguro at&#233; 60 mg/dia (doses maiores podem causar RCIU e parto prematuro - classe B), e a nifedipina, que at&#233; 60 mg/dia tamb&#233;m &#233; classe B<sup>7</sup>. Como a paciente apresentava velocidade de hemossedimenta&#231;&#227;o aumentada (100 mm), refletindo provavelmente atividade da doen&#231;a, foram utilizados corticoster&#243;ides na dose de 30 mg/dia. A gesta&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o interfere na evolu&#231;&#227;o da AT<sup>1-5,8,10</sup>.</p>
    <p>A via de parto foi de indica&#231;&#227;o obst&#233;trica, tendo sido realizada opera&#231;&#227;o cesariana pelos altos n&#237;veis de press&#227;o arterial, que chegou a 230 mmHg x 120 mmHg no in&#237;cio do trabalho de parto.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Conclus&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Apesar de ser uma afec&#231;&#227;o potencialmente grave na gesta&#231;&#227;o, em que a mortalidade materna &#233; de 4% a 5%<sup>2</sup> (contra 130/100.000 na popula&#231;&#227;o geral), a gravidez na AT &#233; poss&#237;vel quando acompanhada de forma adequada, com controle da HAS freq&#252;entemente observada nessas pacientes. Apesar de o tratamento ser eminentemente cl&#237;nico, a decis&#227;o de intervir e o momento ideal para faz&#234;-lo podem determinar melhor evolu&#231;&#227;o e maior seguran&#231;a da gesta&#231;&#227;o. Neste caso, acreditamos fundamental a interven&#231;&#227;o, que permitiu que a gesta&#231;&#227;o chegasse &#224; 36&#170; semana, visto que as duas gesta&#231;&#245;es anteriores foram malsucedidas.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesses</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold>
    </p>
    <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</bold>
    </p>
    <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>
      <fn id="back" fn-type="corresp">
        <p>Correspond&#234;ncia:</p>
        <p> Alexandre Jorge Gomes de Lucena </p>
        <p> Rua Tr&#234;s de Maio, 32/23 - Vila Clementino </p>
        <p> 04044-020 - S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="alexandrelucena@cardiol.br">alexandrelucena@cardiol.br</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p>Artigo recebido em 04/07/07; revisado recebido em 15/10/07; aceito em 04/12/07.</p>
  </body>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Report</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Pregnancy follow-up and outcome in a patient with Takayasu's arteritis</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>We describe here the pregnancy follow-up and outcome in a patient with Takayasu's arteritis, with a detailed account of the complications during gestation and delivery and the impact of the disease on the newborn's health.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Pregnancy</kwd>
        <kwd>arteritis</kwd>
        <kwd>aorta, thoracic</kwd>
        <kwd>inflammation</kwd>
        <kwd>Takayasu, arteritis</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>CASE REPORT</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <fn id="top-body2">
          <label>
            <bold>Pregnancy follow-up and outcome in a patient with Takayasu's arteritis</bold>
          </label>
          <p>
            <bold>Alexandre Jorge Gomes de Lucena; Antonio Carlos Carvalho; Jose Augusto M. Souza; Antonio Fernandes Moron; Sue Y. Sun; Daniel Born</bold>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </p>
      <p>Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo (UNIFESP), S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</p>
      <p>Mailing address</p>
      <p>
        <bold>ABSTRACT</bold>
      </p>
      <p>We describe here the pregnancy follow-up and outcome in a patient with Takayasu's arteritis, with a detailed account of the complications during gestation and delivery and the impact of the disease on the newborn's health.</p>
      <p><bold>Key words:</bold> Pregnancy; arteritis; aorta, thoracic; inflammation; Takayasu, arteritis.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Introduction</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Takayasu's arteritis (TA) is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease of unknown origin. It often affects the aortic arch and its main branches, although it can affect other segments of the aorta as well as pulmonary and renal arteries<sup>1,2</sup>.</p>
      <p>This arteritis can result in systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), cerebral vascular accident (CVA), aortic failure (AF), renal failure (RF), intermittent claudication (IC) or congestive heart failure (CHF)<sup>3</sup>.</p>
      <p>Women are more often affected than men, at a proportion of 4:1 and its incidence is higher in the second and third decades of life. The diagnosis of TA in pregnant women is rare; however, when it affects pregnant women, hypertension, usually of the renovascular type, can be observed in more than 50% of the cases and determines higher maternal-fetal risk<sup>4</sup>.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Case Report</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The patient, R.S.S., was a 17-year-old black female who had been hypertensive since 12 years of age. She had an echocardiographic diagnosis of aorta coarctation and was pregnant for third time. The first pregnancy had ended in miscarriage at six weeks of gestation, four years before, and the second pregnancy had resulted in premature birth and fetal death at seven months of gestation, two years before.</p>
      <p>The patient was admitted at our Institution on March 2006, complaining of cephalea, dyspnea at moderate physical exertion, palpitations and intermittent claudication. She was at the second trimester of her third pregnancy (24 weeks) and presented high blood pressure levels in the upper limbs &#150; systolic pressure (SAP) = 180 mmHg and diastolic pressure (DAP) = 110 mmHg &#150; and decreased BP levels in the lower limbs &#150; SAP = 110 mmHg and DAP = 60 mmHg.</p>
      <p>An aortography was carried out to define the procedure for the treatment of aorta coarctation, which showed a narrowing in the distal 2/3 of the descending thoracic aorta, with parietal irregularities, presence of small- and medium-caliber collateral circulation and important obstruction in the distal extremity of this segment (proximal diameter =13.9 mm x distal diameter =2.5 mm). The angiographic aspect was suggestive of TA and a balloon-catheter dilation was carried out at the area with the highest stenosis (i.e., the smallest luminal area).</p>
      <p>At the end of the procedure, there was an increase from 2.5 mm to 7.5 mm in the diameter of the area with the highest stenosis and the maximum aortic gradient decreased from 112 mmHg to 61 mmHg (decrease of 51 mmHg).</p>
      <p>A Doppler ultrasonography (USG), performed during the hospital stay, showed the involvement of the proximal third of the left renal artery and a normal uteroplacental flow.</p>
      <p>The patient remained hypertensive (SAP=160 mmHg and DAP=90 mmHg) although she received propranolol (60 mg/day), nifedipine (60 mg/day) and prednisone (30 mg/day) in association with alpha-methyldopa (1.5 g/day), which the patient used, with a slight improvement in SAH (150 x 90 mmHg). The patient presented improvement of symptoms and was discharged.</p>
      <p>At the 36<sup>th</sup> week of gestation, the patient was admitted to the hospital again, complaining of cephalea and SAH (170 x 100 mmHg). A new Doppler USG showed symmetrical intrauterine growth retardation, with an estimated fetal weight of 1,935 g (expected fetal weight: 2,813 g for the gestational age) and moderate increase in the uteroplacental flow resistance.</p>
      <p>The obstetric medical team decided for the pregnancy resolution when the patient went into labor, due to the arterial hypertension peaks of 230x120 mmHg during uterine contractions, leading to acute fetal distress.</p>
      <p>The delivery by Caesarean section was performed, with no maternal or fetal adverse events and maternal BP monitoring, with SAP remaining between 150 and 180 mmHg. The infant's birth weight was 1,990 g, with 1<sup>st</sup>-minute and 5<sup>th</sup>-minute Apgar scores of 9 and 9, respectively. The newborn received rooming-in care, remaining in the same hospital room as the mother and both were discharged five days after the delivery. The patient received the same medications throughout the postpartum period, which were gradually decreased at the outpatient clinic 15 days after the delivery.</p>
      <p>The patient is currently still hypertensive and uses captopril (75 mg/day) and hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg/day).</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Discussion</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Takayasu's arteritis has a worldwide distribution, with the highest incidences being found in Japan, East and South Asia and India<sup>1</sup>. Its etiology is still poorly understood and genetic factors as well as autoimmunity with the presence of histocompatibility antigens, particularly HLA A9, A10, B5, BW40, BW52, DQW1, DR2, DR4, DR7, DW3 and DW12, are the main postulated causes. The presence of these antigens is associated with a worse prognosis&#178;<sup>.</sup></p>
      <p>Infections have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease, especially tuberculosis, which as a high prevalence in this population (20 to 25%) and can function as an immunological trigger or as a chronic antigenic stimulation of the disease<sup>2</sup>.</p>
      <p>The clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic patients with pulse alterations only, to a large neurological involvement such as hemorrhagic cerebral vascular accident and are due to the obstructive process of the aortic arch and its main branches<sup>5</sup>.</p>
      <p>Ishikawa et al<sup>6</sup>, in a study of 33 pregnancies and 50 more cases from the literature, described complications in the pregnancy-puerperium cycle in 61.4% of the cases and 4.8% of maternal death; the latter were more frequent in the 3<sup>rd</sup> trimester and delivery (65%) and in the postpartum period (37%). The main complications were CHF, SAH and stroke, with 4 of them being the hemorrhagic type.</p>
      <p>According to the Brazilian consensus on cardiopathy and pregnancy<sup>7</sup>, the fetal risks include intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in 18% and intrauterine fetal death in 2-5%. The patient had had a miscarriage and a fetal death, which is in accordance with the literature and emphasizes the necessary care for these patients.</p>
      <p>Hung et al<sup>8</sup> reported a successful pregnancy in a 23-year-old woman submitted to a bypass surgery. The drugs used by the patient were similar to the ones used in our institution and the delivery was postponed until the 33<sup>rd</sup> week of gestation. In this case, the patient also underwent a caesarean section, due to the severity of the condition. No cases of percutaneous treatment during pregnancy were found in the literature.</p>
      <p>The percutaneous aortoplasty was chosen due to the small risk of radiation for the fetus in the second trimester, with adequate abdominal protection, as well as the decreased mortality when compared to the conventional surgery (30% x 5%)<sup>9</sup>.</p>
      <p>The decision to perform a percutaneous aortoplasty was made by the hemodynamic team, due to the severity of the stenosis and the important clinical manifestation of the disease. There was an important improvement in the stenosis and distal flow, resulting in the attenuation of the SAH, probably maintained by the renovascular involvement. However, it allowed, together with the anti-hypertensive medication, the maintenance of the pregnancy up to the 36<sup>th</sup> week of gestation.</p>
      <p>The medications used were alpha-methyldopa, which is harmless in pregnancy (Class A), propranolol, which has a dose-dependent effect and is safe up to 60 mg/day; higher doses can cause IUGR and premature birth (Class B) and nifedipine, which up to 60mg/day is also considered Class B<sup>7</sup>. As the patient presented increased blood sedimentation rate (100 mm), probably reflecting the disease activity, she was given corticosteroids at a dose of 30 mg/day. Pregnancy does not interfere with the evolution of Takayasu's arteritis<sup>1-5, 8, 10</sup>.</p>
      <p>The delivery by Caesarean section was a decision made by the obstetric team, considering the high blood pressure levels, which at the start of labor reached 230 x 120 mmHg.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Conclusion</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Although it is a potentially severe pathology during pregnancy, with a maternal mortality of 4-5%<sup>2</sup> (against 130/100,000 in the general population), a successful pregnancy in TA is possible if followed adequately, aiming at the control of SAH, which is often observed in these patients. Although the management is eminently clinical, the decision to intervene and the ideal moment to do it can determine a better evolution and higher safety for the pregnancy. In the present case, we believe that the intervention that allowed the pregnancy to reach the 36<sup>th</sup> week was crucial, considering that the two previous gestations had been unsuccessful.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
      </p>
      <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Sources of Funding</bold>
      </p>
      <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Study Association</bold>
      </p>
      <p>This study is not associated with any graduation program.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
