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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">9yfvTnYTp4pvKRC3RrNhFtP</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00011</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2008000100011</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(08)09000111</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2008000100011</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>S&#237;ndrome do cora&#231;&#227;o partido (s&#237;ndrome de Takotsubo)</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lemos</surname>
            <given-names>Alessandra Edna Te&#243;filo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Junior Ara&#250;jo</surname>
            <given-names>Antonio Luiz</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lemos</surname>
            <given-names>Michely Te&#243;filo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bel&#233;m</surname>
            <given-names>Lucia de Souza</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Vasconcelos Filho</surname>
            <given-names>Francisco Juarez C.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barros</surname>
            <given-names>Raimundo Barbosa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state"/>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital de Messejana</institution>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2008</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>90</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>e1</fpage>
      <lpage>e3</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>08</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2007</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2007</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>29</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2007</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>A cardiopatia induzida por estresse (precipitada por estresse emocional), tamb&#233;m chamada de balonamento apical transit&#243;rio do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo, s&#237;ndrome do cora&#231;&#227;o partido e, no Jap&#227;o, s&#237;ndrome de takotsubo, &#233; caracterizada pela presen&#231;a de movimento discin&#233;tico transit&#243;rio da parede anterior do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo, com acentua&#231;&#227;o da cin&#233;tica da base ventricular. O curso cl&#237;nico da cardiomiopatia de takotsubo pode se assemelhar ao do infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio, com dor tor&#225;cica t&#237;pica e altera&#231;&#245;es eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas, sendo a cineangiocoronariografia realizada para distinguir as duas condi&#231;&#245;es na fase aguda.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt" kwd-group-type="author-generated">
        <kwd>Estresse psicol&#243;gico</kwd>
        <kwd>cardiopatias</kwd>
        <kwd>sindrome de Takotsubo</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>22</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2008</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>RELATO DE CASO</bold>
    </p>
    <p>S&#237;ndrome do cora&#231;&#227;o partido (s&#237;ndrome de Takotsubo)</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Alessandra Edna Te&#243;filo Lemos; Antonio Luiz Junior Ara&#250;jo; Michely Te&#243;filo Lemos; Lucia de Souza Bel&#233;m; Francisco Juarez C. Vasconcelos Filho; Raimundo Barbosa Barros</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Hospital de Messejana - Fortaleza, CE - Brasil</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end">Correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>RESUMO</bold>
    </p>
    <p>A cardiopatia induzida por estresse (precipitada por estresse emocional), tamb&#233;m chamada de balonamento apical transit&#243;rio do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo, s&#237;ndrome do cora&#231;&#227;o partido e, no Jap&#227;o, s&#237;ndrome de takotsubo, &#233; caracterizada pela presen&#231;a de movimento discin&#233;tico transit&#243;rio da parede anterior do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo, com acentua&#231;&#227;o da cin&#233;tica da base ventricular. </p>
    <p> O curso cl&#237;nico da cardiomiopatia de takotsubo pode se assemelhar ao do infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio, com dor tor&#225;cica t&#237;pica e altera&#231;&#245;es eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas, sendo a cineangiocoronariografia realizada para distinguir as duas condi&#231;&#245;es na fase aguda.</p>
    <p><bold>Palavras-chave:</bold> Estresse psicol&#243;gico / complica&#231;&#245;es, cardiopatias, sindrome de Takotsubo.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Relato do Caso</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Paciente do sexo feminino, com 62 anos de idade, admitida com dor precordial t&#237;pica iniciada ap&#243;s forte estresse emocional (presenciar homic&#237;dio do esposo), dispn&#233;ia grave e sinais de baixo d&#233;bito (palidez e hipotens&#227;o). </p>
    <p>Ao exame f&#237;sico, a paciente encontrava-se em estado de torpor, com palidez acentuada. &#192; ausculta card&#237;aca, foram observadas bulhas r&#237;tmicas e taquicardia e &#224; ausculta pulmonar, crepita&#231;&#245;es em at&#233; dois ter&#231;os inferiores dos campos pulmonares. A paciente apresentava press&#227;o arterial de 77 x 30 mmHg, freq&#252;&#234;ncia card&#237;aca de 80 bpm, freq&#252;&#234;ncia respirat&#243;ria de 32 irm e temperatura corporal de 37&#176;C, sem antecedentes relevantes.</p>
    <p>A eletrocardiografia realizada na admiss&#227;o revelou supradesnivelamento do segmento ST em parede &#237;nfero-lateral (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig01">fig. 1</xref>).</p>
    <fig id="fig01">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-90-01-00e1-00011-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>Exames laboratoriais evidenciaram eleva&#231;&#227;o das enzimas card&#237;acas (<xref ref-type="table" rid="tab01">tab. 1</xref>), e a radiografia de t&#243;rax revelou congest&#227;o pulmonar e sombra card&#237;aca normal.</p>
    <table-wrap id="tab01">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-90-01-00e1-00011-gt01.jpg"/></table-wrap>
    <p>A paciente evoluiu com choque cardiog&#234;nico e insufici&#234;ncia respirat&#243;ria, sendo necess&#225;rias a administra&#231;&#227;o de aminas vasoativas e a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de suporte ventilat&#243;rio.</p>
    <p>Encaminhada ao laborat&#243;rio de hemodin&#226;mica, o estudo das coron&#225;rias n&#227;o demonstrou obstru&#231;&#245;es significativas e a ventriculografia esquerda evidenciou aneurisma da parede anterior em forma semelhante a <italic>takotsubo</italic> ou halteres (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig02">fig. 2</xref>).</p>
    <fig id="fig02">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-90-01-00e1-00011-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>Ap&#243;s 48 horas, a paciente apresentou melhora cl&#237;nica significativa, com descontinuidade progressiva das aminas e desmame da ventila&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica.</p>
    <p>Depois de 72 horas de evolu&#231;&#227;o do quadro foi realizada ecocardiografia, que demonstrou acinesia e dilata&#231;&#227;o da ponta do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo, com fun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica preservada e disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica leve por d&#233;ficit de relaxamento.</p>
    <p>A paciente recebeu alta no nono dia de interna&#231;&#227;o, e estava est&#225;vel em uso de aspirina, estatina e inibidor da enzima conversora da angiotensina. Retornou para avalia&#231;&#227;o ambulatorial 15 dias ap&#243;s a alta, quando nova ecocardiografia demonstrou cin&#233;tica tanto global como segmentar preservada.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Discuss&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>A cardiomiopatia de <italic>takotsubo, </italic>uma nova s&#237;ndrome card&#237;aca, caracteriza-se por disfun&#231;&#227;o transit&#243;ria do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo com dor tor&#225;cica, altera&#231;&#245;es eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas e libera&#231;&#227;o discreta de enzimas mimetizando infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio<sup>1</sup>. A ventriculografia esquerda demonstra balonamento apical com hipercinesia do segmento basal do ventr&#237;culo, lembrando um halteres ou <italic>takotsubo</italic> (armadilha utilizada no Jap&#227;o para pegar polvo).</p>
    <p>A s&#237;ndrome descrita apresenta, como peculiaridade, o fato de seu desencadeamento estar ligado a alguns fatores bastante vari&#225;veis, sendo um deles o estresse. Todas as situa&#231;&#245;es de estresse apresentam eleva&#231;&#227;o das catecolaminas, que tamb&#233;m podem ser causa de disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular, como no feocromocitoma<sup>2</sup>.</p>
    <p>Apesar de a causa ser desconhecida, a estimula&#231;&#227;o simp&#225;tica exagerada tem sido proposta como um fator central na fisiopatologia. Pacientes com <italic>takotsubo</italic> t&#234;m maiores n&#237;veis de catecolaminas que pacientes com infarto com a mesma classe Killip. Diferen&#231;as regionais na sensibilidade ou na inerva&#231;&#227;o adren&#233;rgicas devem explicar apresenta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas diferentes e altera&#231;&#245;es segmentares. Finalmente, algumas investiga&#231;&#245;es t&#234;m sugerido que o espessamento septal &#233; um fator primordial na fisiopatologia da s&#237;ndrome pela divis&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo, o que resulta em balonamendo no &#225;pice, promovendo um disparo secund&#225;rio para libera&#231;&#227;o adren&#233;rgica<sup>3</sup>.</p>
    <p>Precipitada por forte estresse emocional, &#233; mais comum em mulheres com idade variando entre 60 e 75 anos, como o caso em quest&#227;o<sup>4</sup>. O sintoma mais comum &#233; a dor retroesternal; entretanto, alguns pacientes apresentam dispn&#233;ia, choque ou apenas anormalidades eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas<sup>5</sup>.</p>
    <p>No eletrocardiograma, observa-se que a rela&#231;&#227;o entre supra do segmento ST de V4-5 e supra do segmento ST de V1-3 &#233; significativamente alta, al&#233;m de o intervalo QTc ser mais longo. A aus&#234;ncia de altera&#231;&#245;es rec&#237;procas e de anormalidade na Q e a rela&#231;&#227;o ST V4-6/V1-3 &gt; 1 demonstram alta sensibilidade e alta especificidade para o diagn&#243;stico<sup>6</sup>.</p>
    <p>Os exames laboratoriais revelam eleva&#231;&#227;o de troponina T e, menos freq&#252;entemente, da CK-MB. </p>
    <p>Foi descrita, recentemente, uma variante do balonamento ventricular esquerdo transit&#243;rio, na qual somente o m&#233;dio ventr&#237;culo &#233; afetado, com hipercontratilidade dos segmentos basal e apical, chamada de <italic>takotsubo</italic> reverso<sup>7</sup>. A explica&#231;&#227;o para essa nova variante permanece t&#227;o incerta quanto aquela para a doen&#231;a padr&#227;o. Especula-se que seja reflexo de uma varia&#231;&#227;o temporal na resolu&#231;&#227;o do processo, embora esse fato n&#227;o explique a hipercontratilidade do segmento apical.</p>
    <p>A aus&#234;ncia de coronariopatia obstrutiva significativa e a reversibilidade da disfun&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo s&#227;o conceitos importantes para o diagn&#243;stico, com restaura&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular at&#233; 18 dias do in&#237;cio dos sintomas, em m&#233;dia<sup>8</sup>. </p>
    <p>No caso em quest&#227;o, a paciente, menopausada, ap&#243;s forte abalo emocional, evoluiu com choque cardiog&#234;nico e insufici&#234;ncia respirat&#243;ria por edema agudo dos pulm&#245;es, apresentando melhora significativa em 48 horas. Cineangiocoronariografia sem les&#245;es significativas nas coronarias e ventriculografia mostrando balonamento apical do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Conclus&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>No caso relatado, a evolu&#231;&#227;o tanto cl&#237;nica como ecocardiogr&#225;fica, com resolu&#231;&#227;o da altera&#231;&#227;o da contra&#231;&#227;o segmentar, confirma o diagn&#243;stico.</p>
    <p>A despeito da gravidade da doen&#231;a aguda, a s&#237;ndrome &#233; transit&#243;ria e o tratamento &#233; essencialmente baseado em medidas de suporte hemodin&#226;mico.</p>
    <p>
      <fn id="end" fn-type="corresp">
        <label>
          <bold>Correspond&#234;ncia:</bold>
        </label>
        <p> Alessandra Edna Te&#243;filo Lemos </p>
        <p> Rua Osvaldo Cruz, 1000/1703 - Meireles </p>
        <p> 60125-150 - Fortaleza, CE - Brasil </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p><email xlink:href="alessandralemos@cardiol.br">alessandralemos@cardiol.br</email>; </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="aetlemos@uol.com.br">aetlemos@uol.com.br</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p>Artigo recebido em 08/06/07; revisado recebido em 14/08/07; aceito em 29/08/07.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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              <surname>Askew</surname>
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              <surname>Reuss</surname>
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              <surname>Lee</surname>
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              <surname>Sweney</surname>
              <given-names>JP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Fortuin</surname>
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              <surname>Martins</surname>
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              <surname>Sousa</surname>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Report</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Broken-heart syndrome (Takotsubo syndrome)</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Stress-induced cardiomyopathy, also know as reversible left ventricular apical ballooning, " Broken-Heart" syndrome, and in Japan, Takotsubo, is characterized by the presence of a transient left ventricular dyskinetic movement of the anterior wall of with hypercontraction of the ventricular basilar segments precipitated by emotional stress. The clinical course of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is similar to that of an acute myocardial infarct with typical chest pain and electrocardiographic changes, and during the acute phase, coronary angiography is used to distinguish between the two conditions.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Stress, psychological</kwd>
        <kwd>heart diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Takotsubo syndrome</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>CASE REPORT</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Broken-Heart syndrome (Takotsubo Syndrome)</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Alessandra Edna Te&#243;filo Lemos; Antonio Luiz Junior Ara&#250;jo; Michely Te&#243;filo Lemos; Lucia de Souza Bel&#233;m; Francisco Juarez C. Vasconcelos Filho; Raimundo Barbosa Barros</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Hospital de Messejana, Fortaleza, CE - Brazil</p>
      <p>
        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end-body2">Mailing address</xref>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>ABSTRACT</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Stress-induced cardiomyopathy, also know as reversible left ventricular apical ballooning, "Broken-Heart" syndrome, and in Japan, Takotsubo, is characterized by the presence of a transient left ventricular dyskinetic movement of the anterior wall of with hypercontraction of the ventricular basilar segments precipitated by emotional stress.</p>
      <p> The clinical course of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is similar to that of an acute myocardial infarct with typical chest pain and electrocardiographic changes, and during the acute phase, coronary angiography is used to distinguish between the two conditions.</p>
      <p><bold>Key words:</bold> Stress, psychological / complications; heart diseases; Takotsubo syndrome.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Case Report</bold>
      </p>
      <p>A 62-year-old female patient was admitted presenting with typical precordial pain initiated after intense emotional stress (witnessing her husband's murder), significant dyspnea and signs of low cardiac output (pallor and hypotension). </p>
      <p> On physical examination the patient was lethargic and markedly pale. Heart auscultation: rhythmic heart sounds and tachycardia; lung auscultation: crackles in up to 2/3 of lower pulmonary fields. BP: 77 x 30 mmHg; HR: 80 bpm; RR: 32 irm; Temp: 37&#186;C, no pertinent antecedents. </p>
      <p> Admitting electrocardiogram showed ST segment elevation in the inferolateral wall (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig01-body2">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
      <fig id="fig01-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-90-01-00e1-00011-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p> Laboratory tests revealed elevated cardiac enzymes (<xref ref-type="table" rid="tab01-body2">Table 1</xref>). Chest X-ray disclosed pulmonary congestion and normal cardiac shadow.</p>
      <table-wrap id="tab01-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-90-01-00e1-00011-gt01-en.jpg"/></table-wrap>
      <p> The patient progressed to cardiogenic shock and respiratory failure, and the use of vasoactive amines and ventilatory support was initiated.  </p>
      <p> She was referred to the hemodynamics laboratory where a study of the coronary arteries showed no significant obstructions and the left ventriculography showed an aneurism of the anterior wall in a shape similar to that of a takotsubo or barbells (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig02-body2">Figure 2</xref>).</p>
      <fig id="fig02-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-90-01-00e1-00011-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p> After 48 hours, the patient showed significant clinical improvement and use of amines was progressively discontinued along with weaning from mechanical ventilation.  </p>
      <p> An echocardiogram 72 hours after onset showed akinesis and dilation of the left ventricular apex with preserved systolic function and weak diastolic dysfunction due to relaxation deficit.  </p>
      <p> The patient was discharged on the ninth day of hospitalization in stable clinical condition using aspirin, statin, and an ACE inhibitor. She returned for out-patient evaluation 15 days later, and a new echocardiogram showed preserved global and segment kinetic function.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Discussion</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a new cardiac syndrome characterized by transient dysfunction of the left ventricle with chest pain, electrocardiographic changes and a minor release of enzymes mimicking an acute myocardial infarct<sup>1</sup>. Left ventriculography shows apical ballooning with hyperkinesis of the basilar segment resembling a barbell or a "takotsubo" (a fishing pot used in Japan for trapping octopus).</p>
      <p> One peculiarity of the syndrome is that it is triggered by very diverse factors, one of them being stress. All stress situations cause an elevation of catecholamines which may also be the cause of ventricular dysfunction, such as in pheochromocytoma<sup>2</sup>. </p>
      <p> Despite having an unknown cause, sympathetic stimulation has been proposed as a central factor in the pathophysiology of this syndrome. Patients with Takotsubo syndrome have higher catecholamine levels than infarct patients of the same Killip class. Regional differences in adrenergic sensitivity or innervation may explain the different clinical presentations and segment alterations. Finally, some investigations have suggested that the septal thickening is a primordial factor in the pathophysiology of the syndrome by dividing the left ventricle into two chambers resulting in apical ballooning provided a secondary triggering factor dehydration or increased catecholamine levels is present<sup>3</sup>.  </p>
      <p> Precipitated by intense emotional stress, the syndrome is more common in women between 60 and 75 years of age, as is the case in question<sup>4</sup>. The most frequent symptom is retrosternal pain, although some patients present with dyspnea, shock, or merely electrocardiographic abnormalities<sup>5</sup>.  </p>
      <p> On the electrocardiogram, the ratio between the ST segment elevation in V4-5 and ST segment elevation in V1-3 is significantly high, and the QTc interval is longer. The absence of reciprocal alterations, absence of abnormalities in Q, and the ST V4-6 / V1-3 &gt; 1 ratio show high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis<sup>6</sup>.  </p>
      <p> Laboratory tests show elevated troponin T and less frequently, CK-MB.  </p>
      <p> Recently a variation of transient left ventricular ballooning was described in which only the midventricle is affected, with hypercontractility of the basilar and apical segments, called reverse Takotsubo<sup>7</sup>. The explanation for this new variant seems as uncertain as that of the standard disease. One speculation is that it may reflect a temporal variation of the resolution of the process, though this does not explain the hypercontractility of the apical segment.  </p>
      <p> The absence of significant obstructive coronary artery disease and the reversibility of the left ventricular dysfunction are important concepts for the diagnosis; on average, ventricular function is restored in up to 18 days after the onset of the symptoms<sup>8</sup>.  </p>
      <p> In the case in question, after an intense emotional trauma, a post-menopausal woman progressed with cardiogenic shock and respiratory failure due to acute pulmonary edema, and showed significant improvement within 48 hours. Hemodynamic coronary artery study showed no significant lesions and left ventriculography displayed apical ballooning.  </p>
      <p> In the case described, the clinical and echocardiographic progress with resolution of the segment contraction confirmed the diagnosis.  </p>
      <p> Despite the seriousness of the acute disease, the syndrome is transitory and treatment is essentially hemodynamic support measures.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <fn id="end-body2" fn-type="corresp">
          <label>
            <bold>Mailing address:</bold>
          </label>
          <p> Alessandra Edna Te&#243;filo Lemos</p>
          <p> Rua Osvaldo Cruz, 1000 / 1703 - Meireles</p>
          <p> 60125-150, Fortaleza, CE - Brazil</p>
          <p> E-mail: </p>
          <p><email xlink:href="alessandralemos@cardiol.br">alessandralemos@cardiol.br</email>; </p>
          <p>
            <email xlink:href="aetlemos@uol.com.br">aetlemos@uol.com.br</email>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </p>
      <p>Manuscript received June 08, 2007; revised manuscript received August 14, 2007; accepted August 29, 2007.</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
