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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">zq8BK3Zgy5SPKXphR4k7V7p</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00012</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2007000600012</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(07)08800612</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2007000600012</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Uso de betabloqueador no p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio de cirurgia de Norwood modificada por Sano com cianose persistente</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Szwarc</surname>
            <given-names>Eli</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rodrigues</surname>
            <given-names>Maria H. S.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pedra</surname>
            <given-names>Simone F.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jatene</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo B.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Romano</surname>
            <given-names>Edson R.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ferreiro</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos R.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="state"/>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff02">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state"/>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2007</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>88</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>e182</fpage>
      <lpage>e184</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>26</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2007</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2007</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2006</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>A cianose persistente constitui complica&#231;&#227;o freq&#252;ente no p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio da cirurgia de Norwood modificada por Sano. Sua ocorr&#234;ncia pode ser explicada pela obstru&#231;&#227;o din&#226;mica da anastomose proximal do conduto sint&#233;tico, que liga o ventr&#237;culo direito ao tronco pulmonar, evidenciada &#224; ecocardiografia. A fim de melhorar a satura&#231;&#227;o arterial de oxig&#234;nio, foi recentemente descrita a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de betabloqueador, no per&#237;odo p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio. Neste relato, descrevemos a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de propranolol em dois casos de cirurgia de Norwood modificada por Sano, demonstrando diminui&#231;&#227;o do gradiente no tubo sint&#233;tico, aumento dos n&#237;veis de satura&#231;&#227;o arterial de oxig&#234;nio, diminui&#231;&#227;o da freq&#252;&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e aumento da press&#227;o arterial, traduzido em melhora cl&#237;nica. Conclu&#237;mos que autiliza&#231;&#227;o de betabloqueador nesses casos mostrou-se ben&#233;fica.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt" kwd-group-type="author-generated">
        <kwd>Betabloqueadores</kwd>
        <kwd>cirurgia de Norwood</kwd>
        <kwd>cirurgia tor&#225;cica</kwd>
        <kwd>cianose</kwd>
        <kwd>beta-antagonistas adren&#233;rgicos</kwd>
        <kwd>cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>23</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2007</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>RELATO DE CASO</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Uso de betabloqueador no p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio de cirurgia de Norwood modificada por Sano com cianose persistente </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Eli Szwarc; Maria H. S. Rodrigues; Simone F. Pedra; Marcelo B. Jatene; Edson R. Romano; Carlos R. Ferreiro</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o - Associa&#231;&#227;o do Sanat&#243;rio S&#237;rio - S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil </p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="corr1">Correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>RESUMO</bold>
    </p>
    <p>A cianose persistente constitui complica&#231;&#227;o freq&#252;ente no p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio da cirurgia de Norwood modificada por Sano. Sua ocorr&#234;ncia pode ser explicada pela obstru&#231;&#227;o din&#226;mica da anastomose proximal do conduto sint&#233;tico, que liga o ventr&#237;culo direito ao tronco pulmonar, evidenciada &#224; ecocardiografia. A fim de melhorar a satura&#231;&#227;o arterial de oxig&#234;nio, foi recentemente descrita a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de betabloqueador, no per&#237;odo p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio. Neste relato, descrevemos a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de propranolol em dois casos de cirurgia de Norwood modificada por Sano, demonstrando diminui&#231;&#227;o do gradiente no tubo sint&#233;tico, aumento dos n&#237;veis de satura&#231;&#227;o arterial de oxig&#234;nio, diminui&#231;&#227;o da freq&#252;&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e aumento da press&#227;o arterial, traduzido em melhora cl&#237;nica. Conclu&#237;mos que autiliza&#231;&#227;o de betabloqueador nesses casos mostrou-se ben&#233;fica.</p>
    <p><bold>Palavras-chave:</bold> Betabloqueadores, cirurgia de Norwood, cirurgia tor&#225;cica, cianose, beta-antagonistas adren&#233;rgicos, cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas. </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>A s&#237;ndrome de hipoplasia do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (SHVE) &#233; caracterizada por uma variedade de anormalidades card&#237;acas cong&#234;nitas, que inclui hipodesenvolvimento acentuado do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo, hipoplasia ou atresia da valva a&#243;rtica e hipoplasia da aorta ascendente em graus vari&#225;veis, geralmente acompanhada por atresia de valva mitral e/ou coarcta&#231;&#227;o de aorta. Sem interven&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica a SHVE &#233; fatal, com 25% de mortalidade na primeira semana de vida<sup>1</sup>. Historicamente, o tratamento da SHVE vem sendo conduzido de duas formas distintas: com cirurgias paliativas, que se baseiam na reconstru&#231;&#227;o da aorta ascendente (Norwood e varia&#231;&#245;es), ou com transplante card&#237;aco. </p>
    <p>Apesar de recentes avan&#231;os nas t&#233;cnicas cir&#250;rgicas para a reconstru&#231;&#227;o da aorta ascendente, os &#237;ndices de mortalidade e de morbidade perioperat&#243;rias associadas com o primeiro est&#225;gio ainda permanecem muito elevados. Recentemente, Sano e cols.<sup>2 </sup>descreveram uma modifica&#231;&#227;o na realiza&#231;&#227;o do procedimento paliativo do primeiro est&#225;gio na SHVE, utilizando um conduto sint&#233;tico de politetrafluoretileno (tubo VD-TP), que vai do ventr&#237;culo direito (VD) para o tronco pulmonar (TP), a fim de promover fluxo sang&#252;&#237;neo para os pulm&#245;es ao inv&#233;s de realizar um <italic>shunt </italic>sist&#234;mico-pulmonar tipo Blalock. </p>
    <p>Os resultados preliminares dessa nova t&#233;cnica mostraram-se favor&#225;veis, mas a experi&#234;ncia ainda &#233; limitada. Novas medidas terap&#234;uticas baseadas em conhecimento tanto anat&#244;mico como fisiopatol&#243;gico v&#234;m sendo utilizadas, com o objetivo de melhorar a sobrevida de crian&#231;as submetidas ao primeiro est&#225;giodacirurgia<sup>3</sup>. Uma intercorr&#234;ncia relativamente comum que temos presenciado nessas crian&#231;as &#233; o surgimento de cianose acentuada no p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio, com queda da satura&#231;&#227;o arterial de oxig&#234;nio para n&#237;veis abaixo de 70%. Essa queda &#233; atribu&#237;da &#224; obstru&#231;&#227;o din&#226;mica que se apresenta em graus vari&#225;veis na anastomose proximal do tubo VD-TP, podendo ser observada &#224; ecocardiografia. </p>
    <p>No intuito de minimizar os efeitos dessa obstru&#231;&#227;o din&#226;mica, com diminui&#231;&#227;o do fluxo sang&#252;&#237;neo para a circula&#231;&#227;o pulmonar e conseq&#252;ente queda da satura&#231;&#227;o arterial de oxig&#234;nio, administramos betabloqueador (propranolol) a dois rec&#233;m-nascidos, submetidos a cirurgia de Norwood modificada por Sano. </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Relato do Caso</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Dois pacientes rec&#233;m-nascidos, portadores de SHVE, foram submetidos a cirurgia de Norwood modificada por Sano no terceiro e no d&#233;cimo terceiro dias de vida, respectivamente. Ambos evolu&#237;ram com cianose persistente no per&#237;odo p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio, mantendo satura&#231;&#227;o de oxig&#234;nio abaixo de 70%. O grau de obstru&#231;&#227;o din&#226;mica na anastomose proximal do tubo VD-TP foi diagnosticado e estimado pela ecocardiografia bidimensional com Doppler &#224; beira do leito. No s&#233;timo e no nono dias de p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio, respectivamente, os pacientes foram tratados com betabloqueador (propranolol) por via enteral, na dose de 1 mg/kg/dia, fracionado em duas vezes, e acompanhados clinicamente. </p>
    <p>O paciente 1, no in&#237;cio da terapia, recebia dobutamina (10 mg/kg/min), milrinona (0,45 mg/kg/min) e adrenalina (0,03 mg/kg/min), permanecendo sedado e entubado, ventilando em modalidade press&#227;o regulada com volume controlado (FR = 27 v/min, VC = 30 l/min, FiO<sub>2 </sub>= 45% e PEEP = 4 cm H<sub>2</sub>O). O paciente 2, no in&#237;cio da terapia, recebia dobutamina (9,5 mg/kg/min) e milrinona (0,8 mg/kg/min), permanecendo em ventila&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o-invasiva na modalidade CPAP nasal. Durante os tr&#234;s dias subseq&#252;entes, n&#227;o houve mudan&#231;a significativa na prescri&#231;&#227;o de drogas vaso ativas e nos par&#226;metros ventilat&#243;rios. Na <xref ref-type="table" rid="a12tab01">tabela 1</xref>, est&#227;o descritas as medidas do gradiente do tubo VD-TP (antes e 72 horas ap&#243;s a terapia) e das m&#233;dias das 72 horas anteriores &#224; terapia e das subseq&#252;entes das press&#245;es arteriais sist&#243;lica, diast&#243;lica e m&#233;dia (aferidas a cada hora), al&#233;m da satura&#231;&#227;o arterial de oxig&#234;nio (obtida da gasometria arterial colhida a cada seis horas), e o desvio padr&#227;o de todos os par&#226;metros. </p>
    <p content-type="asset">
      <table-wrap id="a12tab01">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-88-06-e182-00012-gt01.jpg"/></table-wrap>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Resultados</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Os pacientes apresentaram gradiente de 42,8 mmHg e 42 mmHg (m&#233;dia de 42,4 mmHg) antes da terapia, e de 24 mmHg e 28 mmHg (m&#233;dia de 26 mmHg) ap&#243;s 72 horas. </p>
    <p>A satura&#231;&#227;o arterial de oxig&#234;nio antes da terapia foi de 63,9% e 66,1% (m&#233;dia de 65%), e de 72,3% e 78,1% (m&#233;dia de 75,2%) ap&#243;s a terapia. A freq&#252;&#234;ncia card&#237;aca antes da terapia foi de 165 bpm e 153 bpm (m&#233;dia de 159 bpm), e de 142 bpm e 124,4 bpm (m&#233;dia de 133,2 bpm) ap&#243;s a terapia. A press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica antes da terapia foi de 68,1 mmHg e 82,5 mmHg (m&#233;dia de 75,3 mmHg), e de 77,8 mmHg e 90,3 mmHg (m&#233;dia de 84 mmHg) ap&#243;s a terapia. A press&#227;o arterial diast&#243;lica antes da terapia foi de 48,9 mmHg e 56,3 mmHg (m&#233;dia de 52,6 mmHg), e de 50,7 mmHg e 57,2 mmHg (m&#233;dia de 53,9 mmHg) ap&#243;s a terapia. A press&#227;o arterial m&#233;dia antes da terapia foi de 56,5 mmHg e 65,7 mmHg (m&#233;dia de 61,1 mmHg), e de 61 mmHg e 68,9 mmHg (m&#233;dia de 64,9 mmHg) ap&#243;s a terapia. </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Discuss&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>A SHVE &#233; uma afec&#231;&#227;o que apresenta alta mortalidade, mesmo ap&#243;s tratamento cir&#250;rgico. Sua abordagem p&#243;s-operat&#243;ria deve ser individualizada para a t&#233;cnica operat&#243;ria utilizada, pois no procedimento cl&#225;ssico (cirurgia de Norwood) as circula&#231;&#245;es sist&#234;mica e pulmonar est&#227;o em s&#233;rie, enquanto na t&#233;cnica modificada por Sano encontram-se em paralelo. Al&#233;m disso, na t&#233;cnica modificada por Sano a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de tubo sint&#233;tico na anastomose entre VD-TP pode apresentar obstru&#231;&#227;o din&#226;mica, levando a cianose persistente. </p>
    <p>Este estudo demonstrou, em concord&#226;ncia com recente publica&#231;&#227;o de Simsic e cols.<sup>4</sup>, que o uso de betabloqueador no p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio da cirurgia de Norwood modificada por Sano acarretou queda da freq&#252;&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, aumento da satura&#231;&#227;o e diminui&#231;&#227;o do gradiente do tubo VD-TP. Embora este estudo n&#227;o tenha sido desenhado para quantificar d&#233;bito card&#237;aco e resist&#234;ncia vascular perif&#233;rica, pode-se inferir clinicamente que houve aumento do d&#233;bito card&#237;aco e diminui&#231;&#227;o da resist&#234;ncia vascular perif&#233;rica. Com a melhora do desempenho card&#237;aco e a diminui&#231;&#227;o do grau de obstru&#231;&#227;o da anastomose proximal do tubo VD-TP, houve incremento da circula&#231;&#227;o pulmonar, com desvio da curva de dissocia&#231;&#227;o da hemoglobina, proporcionando assim melhora significativa do quadro de cianose, com aumento da satura&#231;&#227;o arterial de oxig&#234;nio. </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Conclus&#227;o </bold>
    </p>
    <p>A estrat&#233;gia terap&#234;utica com o uso de propranolol mostrou-se efetiva no tratamento da cianose grave causada pela obstru&#231;&#227;o din&#226;mica na anastomose proximal do tubo VD-TP ap&#243;s o procedimento de Norwood modificado por Sano. </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesses</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflitos de interesses pertinentes. </p>
    <p>
      <fn id="corr1" fn-type="corresp">
        <label>
          <bold>Correspond&#234;ncia:</bold>
        </label>
        <p> Eli Szwarc </p>
        <p> Rua Desembargador Eliseu Guilherme, 147 - Para&#237;so </p>
        <p> 04004-030 - S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="eli.med@terra.com.br">eli.med@terra.com.br</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p>Artigo recebido em 10/07/06; revisado recebido em 10/01/07; aceito em 26/02/07. </p>
  </body>
  <back>
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            </name>
          </person-group>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Report</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Use of beta-blockers in the post-operative period of Sano modification of the Norwood procedure with persistent cyanosis</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Persistent cyanosis is a frequent complication in the post-operative period of Sano modification of the Norwood procedure. It may be explained by a dynamic proximal shunt stenosis of the synthetic conduit that links the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery, as detected by echo cardiographic study. The use of beta-blockers in the post-operative period has been recently described in order to improve the arterial oxygen saturation. In this report, we describe the use of propranolol in two patients undergoing Sano modification of the Norwood procedure, in whom a gradient reduction in the synthetic conduit, increase in the levels of arterial oxygen saturation, decrease in heart rate, and increase in blood pressure were observed, thus resulting in clinical improvement. We conclude that the use of beta-blockers in these cases was beneficial.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Beta-blockers</kwd>
        <kwd>Norwood procedure</kwd>
        <kwd>thoracic surgery</kwd>
        <kwd>cyanosis</kwd>
        <kwd>adrenergic beta-antagonists</kwd>
        <kwd>heart defects, congenital</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>CASE REPORT</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Use of beta-blockers in the post-operative period of Sano modification of the Norwood procedure with persistent cyanosis</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Eli Szwarc; Maria H.S. Rodrigues; Simone F. Pedra; Marcelo B. Jatene; Edson R. Romano; Carlos R. Ferreiro</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o - Associa&#231;&#227;o do Sanat&#243;rio S&#237;rio - S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil </p>
      <p>
        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="corr1-body2">Mailing address</xref>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>SUMMARY</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Persistent cyanosis is a frequent complication in the post-operative period of Sano modification of the Norwood procedure. It may be explained by a dynamic proximal shunt stenosis of the synthetic conduit that links the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery, as detected by echo cardiographic study. The use of beta-blockers in the post-operative period has been recently described in order to improve the arterial oxygen saturation. In this report, we describe the use of propranolol in two patients undergoing Sano modification of the Norwood procedure, in whom a gradient reduction in the synthetic conduit, increase in the levels of arterial oxygen saturation, decrease in heart rate, and increase in blood pressure were observed, thus resulting in clinical improvement. We conclude that the use of beta-blockers in these cases was beneficial. </p>
      <p><bold>Key words:</bold> Beta-blockers, Norwood procedure, thoracic surgery, cyanosis, adrenergic beta-antagonists; heart defects, congenital. </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Introduction</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is characterized by avariety of congenital heart defects that include significant left ventricular underdevelopment, aortic hypoplasia or atresia, and varying degrees of hypoplasia of the ascending aorta, usually accompanied by mitral valve atresia and/orcoarctation of the aorta. Without surgical intervention, HLHS is fatal, with a 25% mortality within the first week of life<sup>1</sup>. Historically, HLHS has been managedin two ways: with palliative surgeries based on the reconstruction of the ascending aorta(Norwood procedure and its variations), or heart transplantation. </p>
      <p>Despite recent advances in surgical techniques for the reconstruction of the ascending aorta, the perioperative morbidity and mortality associated with the first stage still remain very high. Recently, Sano et al<sup>2 </sup>described a modification in the first-stage palliation of HLHS using a synthetic polytetrafluoroethylene conduit between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery (RV-PAconduit) to provide pulmonary blood flow instead of performing a systemic-pulmonary Blalock shunt. </p>
      <p>Preliminary results of this novel operation proved to be favorable, but experience is still limited. New therapeutic measures based on anatomical and pathophysiological knowledge have been used to improve the survival of children undergoing the first-stage palliation<sup>2</sup>. A relatively common event that we have seen in these children is the occurrence of significant post-operative cyanosis with a reduction of the arterial oxygen saturation to levels lower than 70%. This reduction is attributed to the dynamic stenosis that occurs in varying degrees in the proximal anastomosis of the RV-PA conduit that can be observed in echocardiographic studies. </p>
      <p>In order to minimize the effects of this dynamic stenosis with a reduction of the blood flow to the pulmonary circulation and subsequent reduction in arterial oxygen saturation, we administered a beta-blocker (propranolol) to two neonates undergoing Sano modification of the Norwood procedure. </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Case Report</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Two patients with HLHS under went Sano modification of the Norwood procedure on the 3<sup>rd </sup>and 13<sup>th </sup>days of life, respectively. Both progressed with persistent cyanosis in the postoperative period, maintaining an oxygen saturation lower than 70%. The degree of dynamic stenosis in the proximal anastomosis of the RV-PA conduit was diagnosed and estimated using two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography at bedside. On the 7<sup>th </sup>and 9<sup>th </sup>postoperative days, respectively, the patients were treated with enteral beta-blocker (propranolol) at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day, BID, and were clinically followed-up. </p>
      <p>At the beginning of the treatment, patient 1 received dobutamine (10 mg/kg/min), milrinone (0.45 mg/kg/min) and adrenaline (0.03 mg/Kg/min), and remained sedated and intubated, and ventilated in the pressure-regulated volume control mode (RR=27 v/min, TV=30 l/min, FiO2=45%, and PEEP=4 cm H<sub>2</sub>O). At the beginning of the treatment, patient 2 received dobutamine (9.5mg/kg/min) and milrinone (0.8mg/ kg/min), and remained in non-invasive nasal CPAP ventilation. In the three subsequent days, no significant change was made in the prescription of vasoactive drugs, nor in the ventilatory parameters. Measurement sof RV-PA conduit gradient (preand 72 hours post-therapy), and of the means of systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure (taken every hour) in the 72 hours pre and post-therapy, as well as of arterial oxygen saturation (obtained from arterial blood gas drawn every six hours), and standard deviation of all parameters are shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="en_a12tab01-body2">Table 1</xref>. </p>
      <p content-type="asset">
        <table-wrap id="en_a12tab01-body2">
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-88-06-e182-00012-gt01-en.jpg"/></table-wrap>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Results</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The patients presented gradients of 42.8 and 42 mmHg (mean of 42.4 mmHg), and 24 and 28mmHg (mean of 26mmHg) before treatment and after 72 hours, respectively. </p>
      <p>Arterial oxygen saturation was 63.9 and 66.1% (mean of 65%), and 72.3 and 78.1% (mean of 75.2%) before and after treatment, respectively. Heart rate was 165 and 153 bpm (mean of 159 bpm), and 142 and 124.4 bpm (mean of 133.2 bpm) before and after treatment, respectively. Systolic blood pressure was 68.1 and 82.5 mmHg (mean of 75.3 mmHg), and 77.8 and 90.3 mmHg (mean of 84 mmHg) before and after treatment, respectively. Diastolic blood pressure was 48.9 and 56.3 mmHg (mean of 52.6 mmHg), and 50.7 and 57.2 mmHg (mean of 53.9 mmHg) before and after treatment, respectively. Mean blood pressure was 56.5 and 65.7 mmHg (meanof61.1mmHg),and 61a nd 68.9mmHg (meanof64.9 mmHg) before and after treatment, respectively. </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Discussion</bold>
      </p>
      <p>HLHS is a condition that causes high mortality even after surgical treatment. Its postoperative management should be individualized for the surgical technique used because in the conventional procedure (Norwood operation) the systemic and pulmonary circulations are in series, whereas in the Sano modification of the procedure, they are inparallel. Also, in the Sano modification of the procedure, there may be a dynamic stenosis of the synthetic conduit in the RV-PA anastomosis, thus leading to persistent cyanosis.</p>
      <p>Our study is consistent with Simsicetal's recent publication<sup>4 </sup>and showed that the use of beta-blockers in the postoperative period of Sano modification of the Norwood procedure resulted in a reduction of the heart rate, in crease insaturation, and reduction of the RV-PA conduit gradient. Although our study had not been designed to quantify the cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance, we can clinically infer that there was an increase in the cardiac output and decrease in peripheral vascular resistance. With the improvement in cardiac performance and decrease in the degree of stenosis in the proximal anastomosis of the RV-PA conduit, an increase in the pulmonary circulation was observed, with a shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve, thus providing a significant improvement of cyanosis with an increase in the arterial oxygen saturation. </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Conclusion</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The therapeutic strategy with the use of propranolol proved to be effective in the treatment of severe cyanosis caused by dynamic stenosis in the proximal anastomosis of the RV-PA conduit after Sano modification of the Norwood procedure. </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
      </p>
      <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. </p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <fn id="corr1-body2" fn-type="corresp">
          <label>
            <bold>Mailing address:</bold>
          </label>
          <p> Eli Szwarc</p>
          <p> Rua Desembargador Eliseu Guilherme, 147 - Para&#237;so</p>
          <p> 04004-030 - S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil </p>
          <p> E-mail: </p>
          <p>
            <email xlink:href="eli.med@terra.com.br">eli.med@terra.com.br</email>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </p>
      <p>Manuscript received July 10, 2006; revised received January 01, 2007; accepted February 26, 2007.</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
