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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">smTDBMrFkMNSQYzMJJxxKZs</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00023</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2007000300023</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(07)08800323</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2007000300023</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Cor triatriatum em paciente adulta acompanhada durante a gesta&#231;&#227;o</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tasca</surname>
            <given-names>Rog&#233;rio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tasca</surname>
            <given-names>Manuela Gon&#231;alves</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Amorim</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo Artur</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Nascimento</surname>
            <given-names>Isabel Cristina do</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Veloso</surname>
            <given-names>Orlando Carlos Gl&#243;ria</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Scherr</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Pan Americano</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Ecodoppler Exames Cardiol&#243;gicos </institution>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2007</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>88</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>e56</fpage>
      <lpage>e58</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>09</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2006</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2006</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>27</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2006</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Cor triatriatum (CT) &#233; uma cardiopatia cong&#234;nita rara que geralmente cursa com sintomas nos primeiros anos de vida. Na aus&#234;ncia de outras malforma&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas associadas e na depend&#234;ncia do grau de comunica&#231;&#227;o entre a c&#226;mara superior e o &#225;trio esquerdo (AE), os pacientes podem atingir a idade adulta. Relatamos um caso de uma paciente adulta assintom&#225;tica portadora de CT diagnosticado pelo ecocardiograma transtor&#225;cico (ETT) e acompanhada clinicamente durante a gesta&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt" kwd-group-type="author-generated">
        <kwd>Cora&#231;&#227;o triatriado</kwd>
        <kwd>Cor triatriatum</kwd>
        <kwd>cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas</kwd>
        <kwd>adulto</kwd>
        <kwd>gravidez</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>24</day>
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2007</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>RELATO DE CASO</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Cor triatriatum<bold> em paciente adulta acompanhada durante a gesta&#231;&#227;o</bold></p>
    <p>
      <bold>Rog&#233;rio Tasca; Manuela Gon&#231;alves Tasca; Paulo Artur Amorim; Isabel Cristina do Nascimento; Orlando Carlos Gl&#243;ria Veloso; Carlos Scherr</bold>
    </p>
    <p> Ecodoppler Exames Cardiol&#243;gicos, Hospital Pan Americano - Rio de Janeiro, RJ</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end">Correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>RESUMO</bold>
    </p>
    <p><italic>Cor triatriatum</italic> (CT) &#233; uma cardiopatia cong&#234;nita rara que geralmente cursa com sintomas nos primeiros anos de vida. Na aus&#234;ncia de outras malforma&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas associadas e na depend&#234;ncia do grau de comunica&#231;&#227;o entre a c&#226;mara superior e o &#225;trio esquerdo (AE), os pacientes podem atingir a idade adulta. Relatamos um caso de uma paciente adulta assintom&#225;tica portadora de CT diagnosticado pelo ecocardiograma transtor&#225;cico (ETT) e acompanhada clinicamente durante a gesta&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p><bold>Palavras-chave:</bold> Cora&#231;&#227;o triatriado, Cor triatriatum, cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas, adulto, gravidez.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Cor triatriatum, inicialmente descrito em 1868<sup>1</sup>, &#233; uma malforma&#231;&#227;o cong&#234;nita resultante da falha na reabsor&#231;&#227;o da veia pulmonar comum durante a forma&#231;&#227;o embrion&#225;ria do cora&#231;&#227;o. Este erro gen&#233;tico leva &#224; persist&#234;ncia de uma membrana tipo diafragma que divide o AE numa cavidade p&#243;stero-superior, que recebe as veias pulmonares, e outra &#226;ntero-inferior ligada ao Ap&#234;ndice Atrial Esquerdo (AAE) e que se esvazia no ventr&#237;culo esquerdo atrav&#233;s da v&#225;lvula mitral. S&#227;o comuns varia&#231;&#245;es anat&#244;micas e associa&#231;&#227;o com outras malforma&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas, como comunica&#231;&#227;o interatrial (CIA) e anomalias do retorno venoso pulmonar<sup>2</sup>. A comunica&#231;&#227;o entre as duas c&#226;maras atriais esquerdas pode se fazer atrav&#233;s de um ou mais orif&#237;cios e ser pequena, grande ou estar ausente, dependendo da anatomia da membrana que as divide. Na aus&#234;ncia de defeitos associados, o tamanho deste(s) orif&#237;cio(s) &#233; que vai determinar o grau de obstru&#231;&#227;o no retorno venoso pulmonar e, conseq&#252;entemente, a evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica dos pacientes. O aumento da press&#227;o e resist&#234;ncia venosa pulmonar pode levar &#224; hipertens&#227;o arterial pulmonar (HAP), tanto mais precoce quanto mais restritiva for a comunica&#231;&#227;o entre as duas cavidades. O CT do lado direito (dexter), resultante da persist&#234;ncia da v&#225;lvula direita do seio venoso, &#233; uma cardiopatia rara que pode causar obstru&#231;&#227;o no &#225;trio direito<sup>3</sup>.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Relato do Caso</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Sexo feminino, branca, 34 anos, gr&#225;vida de quatro semanas, encaminhada pelo obstetra para avalia&#231;&#227;o cardiol&#243;gica em raz&#227;o de hist&#243;ria pregressa de cardiopatia cong&#234;nita. Relatou ter procurado cardiologista aos 18 anos devido palpita&#231;&#245;es, quando foi solicitado ETT que diagnosticou defeito cong&#234;nito no cora&#231;&#227;o. N&#227;o soube precisar o tipo e n&#227;o tinha os exames complementares anteriores. Na &#233;poca n&#227;o foram prescritos medicamentos e, embora orientada para fazer acompanhamento peri&#243;dico com cardiologista, n&#227;o retornou &#224; consulta. A paciente n&#227;o apresentava nenhuma queixa cardiovascular, inclusive durante exerc&#237;cios f&#237;sicos. No exame f&#237;sico apresentava ritmo card&#237;aco regular em dois tempos, com bulhas normofon&#233;ticas e sem sopros. Freq&#252;&#234;ncia card&#237;aca de 65 batimentos por minuto. Press&#227;o Arterial 110 x 60 mmHg. </p>
    <p>Eletrocardiograma (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig01">Fig. 1</xref>) e Rx de t&#243;rax (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig02">Fig. 2</xref>) dentro dos par&#226;metros normais. ETT (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig03">Fig. 3</xref>) revelou membrana dividindo o AE em uma c&#226;mara superior, na qual entram as veias pulmonares, e outra inferior, conectada ao AAE e &#224; v&#225;lvula mitral. Septo interatrial (SIA) &#237;ntegro. Dimens&#245;es cavit&#225;rias e contratilidade biventricular normais. O Doppler em cores registrou dois fluxos com velocidades aumentadas da c&#226;mara posterior para a inferior, compat&#237;veis com dois orif&#237;cios de di&#226;metros diferentes, por onde drena o fluxo das veias pulmonares (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig04">Fig.4</xref>). O Doppler pulsado registrou gradiente press&#243;rico m&#225;ximo de 4.8 mm Hg e m&#233;dio de 2.7 mm Hg entre as duas c&#226;maras. A press&#227;o sist&#243;lica em art&#233;ria pulmonar foi estimada por meio de leve refluxo tric&#250;spide em 25 mm Hg. Com estes achados ecocardiogr&#225;ficos foi feito o diagn&#243;stico de CT levemente restritivo e sem repercuss&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica. A paciente retornou ao obstetra com orienta&#231;&#245;es para profilaxia contra endocardite infecciosa (EI) em caso de realiza&#231;&#227;o de algum procedimento contaminado.</p>
    <fig id="fig01">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-88-03-0e56-00023-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    <fig id="fig02">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-88-03-0e56-00023-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
    <fig id="fig03">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-88-03-0e56-00023-gf03.jpg"/></fig>
    <fig id="fig04">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-88-03-0e56-00023-gf04.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>Durante a gravidez foram realizados ETT evolutivos na 16&#170; e 27&#170; semanas, sendo registrado neste &#250;ltimo discreto aumento do gradiente press&#243;rico entre a c&#226;mara atrial esquerda superior e inferior em rela&#231;&#227;o ao primeiro exame (m&#225;ximo 7.8 mm Hg e m&#233;dio 3.4 mm Hg.). A gravidez ocorreu sem intercorr&#234;ncias. Embora n&#227;o tenha sido contra-indicado o parto normal, a paciente foi submetida a cesariana na 36&#170; semana de gesta&#231;&#227;o por decis&#227;o do obstetra. Na &#250;ltima revis&#227;o cardiol&#243;gica e ecocardiogr&#225;fica, realizada dois anos ap&#243;s, n&#227;o houve modifica&#231;&#245;es do quadro cl&#237;nico, estando a paciente assintom&#225;tica e com os achados ecocardiogr&#225;ficos semelhantes ao exame inicial.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Discuss&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Embora raro, quando n&#227;o vem acompanhado de outras malforma&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas o CT &#233; de f&#225;cil corre&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica<sup>4</sup>, sendo importante seu diagn&#243;stico precoce nos casos sintom&#225;ticos. Embora raro em adultos<sup>3</sup>, o CT foi descrito em pacientes de 70 e 80 anos de idade<sup>5,6</sup>. Em ambos, semelhante ao aqui apresentado, n&#227;o existiam outros defeitos estruturais cong&#234;nitos e a membrana causava pouca ou nenhuma restri&#231;&#227;o ao fluxo das veias pulmonares. O diagn&#243;stico n&#227;o invasivo pode ser feito pelo ETT<sup>7</sup>, sendo que o Doppler com fluxo em cores permite o reconhecimento do(s) pertuito(s) entre as duas c&#226;maras, principalmente quando existe gradiente entre elas, devido &#224; facilidade em detectar a turbul&#234;ncia causada pelo aumento da velocidade do fluxo sangu&#237;neo. Com o Doppler pulsado podemos estimar este gradiente de press&#227;o. Neste caso, os dois fluxos com velocidades diferentes permitiram afirmar a presen&#231;a de dois orif&#237;cios, sendo o mais anterior de menor tamanho, pois registrou fluxo com maior velocidade. N&#227;o h&#225; na literatura relato de monitoriza&#231;&#227;o pelo ecodopplercardiograma das varia&#231;&#245;es dos gradientes press&#243;ricos atrav&#233;s da membrana do CT durante a gravidez. Nesta paciente, os ETT demonstraram existir eleva&#231;&#227;o do gradiente, decorrente do aumento da volemia que geralmente ocorre entre a 24&#170; e 28&#170; semana de gesta&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>O ecocardiograma transesof&#225;gico (ETE)<sup>5</sup> est&#225; indicado nos casos em que h&#225; necessidade de maior precis&#227;o anat&#244;mica do CT para programa&#231;&#227;o da corre&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica ou ainda para avaliar presen&#231;a de les&#245;es associadas. Em nossa paciente, optamos por n&#227;o realizar o ETE por ela estar assintom&#225;tica e o ETT n&#227;o ter detectado sinais HAP ou suspeitas de outros defeitos estruturais. Embora at&#233; o momento existam poucos relatos, o ecocardiograma tridimensional em tempo real, recentemente dispon&#237;vel comercialmente, vai permitir maior precis&#227;o quanto aos aspectos anat&#244;micos do CT<sup>8</sup>. Entre os diagn&#243;sticos diferenciais, destaca-se a Estenose Cong&#234;nita Supramitral<sup>9</sup>, que pode cursar na inf&#226;ncia com sinais e sintomas semelhantes ao CT restritivo. Os achados do ETT desta les&#227;o, diferentemente do CT, revelam que a membrana est&#225; implantada mais inferiormente, muito pr&#243;xima dos folhetos mitrais, deixando o AAE proximal. Embora n&#227;o tenhamos encontrado relatos espec&#237;ficos quanto &#224; necessidade de profilaxia para endocardite infecciosa em pacientes adultos com CT, indicamos a antibioticoterapia em caso de procedimentos contaminados devido &#224; presen&#231;a de fluxo turbilhonar atrav&#233;s da membrana no interior do AE. As pacientes com CT n&#227;o-restritivos n&#227;o t&#234;m contra-indica&#231;&#227;o cardiol&#243;gica para parto normal<sup>10</sup>. Neste caso, a cesariana foi op&#231;&#227;o do obstetra em concord&#226;ncia com a paciente, e n&#227;o uma contra-indica&#231;&#227;o cardiol&#243;gica.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesses</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflitos de interesses pertinentes.</p>
    <p>
      <fn id="end" fn-type="corresp">
        <p>Correspond&#234;ncia:</p>
        <p> Rog&#233;rio Tasca </p>
        <p> Rua Souza Lima, 325/801 </p>
        <p> 22081-010 &#150; Rio de Janeiro, RJ </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="tasca@cardiol.br">tasca@cardiol.br</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p> Artigo recebido em 09/04/06; revisado recebido em 23/08/06; aceito em 27/08/06.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Report</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Clinical follow-up of a pregnant woman with cor triatriatum</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Cor triatriatum (CT) is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly that usually becomes symptomatic in the first years of life. If the condition is not associated with other cardiac defects, and depending on the degree of communication between the upper chamber and left atrium (LA), patients may reach adulthood. We report a case of an asymptomatic, adult, female patient with CT diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) and followed-up during pregnancy.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Cor triatriatum</kwd>
        <kwd>heart defects, congenital</kwd>
        <kwd>adult</kwd>
        <kwd>pregnancy</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>CASE REPORT</bold>
      </p>
      <p> Clinical follow-up of a pregnant woman with cor triatriatum</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Rog&#233;rio Tasca; Manuela Gon&#231;alves Tasca; Paulo Artur Amorim; Isabel Cristina do Nascimento; Orlando Carlos Gl&#243;ria Veloso; Carlos Scherr</bold>
      </p>
      <p> Ecodoppler Exames Cardiol&#243;gicos, Hospital Pan Americano - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil</p>
      <p>
        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end-body2">Mailing Address</xref>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>SUMMARY</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Cor triatriatum (CT) is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly that usually becomes symptomatic in the first years of life. If the condition is not associated with other cardiac defects, and depending on the degree of communication between the upper chamber and left atrium (LA), patients may reach adulthood. We report a case of an asymptomatic, adult, female patient with CT diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) and followed-up during pregnancy.</p>
      <p><bold>Key words:</bold> Cor triatriatum; heart defects, congenital; adult; pregnancy.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Introduction</bold>
      </p>
      <p>First described in 1868<sup>1</sup>, cor triatriatum is a congenital malformation secondary to a failure of the common pulmonary vein resorption during cardiogenesis. This genetic error leads to the persistence of a diaphragm-like membrane dividing the LA into a posterosuperior chamber receiving the pulmonary veins and an anteroinferior chamber connected to the left atrial appendage (LAA) and draining into the left ventricle via the mitral valve. Anatomical variations and associations with other cardiac malformations, such as atrial septal defect (ASD) and anomalous pulmonary venous return<sup>2</sup>, are common. Communication between both left atrial chambers may be made through one or more orifices and may be small, large or absent, depending on the membrane dividing them. In the absence of other associated defects, the size of the opening(s) will determine the degree of obstruction to pulmonary venous return and, thus, the patients&#146; clinical outcome. Elevations in pulmonary venous pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance may cause pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH); the more restrictive the communication is between both cavities, the earlier this may happen. Right cor triatriatum (dexter), resulting from the persistence of the right sinus venosus valve, is a rare heart diseases that may lead to right atrium obstruction<sup>3</sup>.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Case Report</bold>
      </p>
      <p>A 34-year-old white woman, four weeks pregnant, was referred by her obstetrician for cardiological evaluation due to past history of congenital heart disease. At 18, she had seen a cardiologist for palpitations, and a transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) diagnosed a congenital heart defect. She did not know exactly what type of defect she had, nor did she have her previous supplementary examinations. Back then no drugs were prescribed and, despite being instructed to visit the cardiologist periodically, she did not. The patient had no cardiovascular complaint, including during physical exertion. Physical examination revealed regular heart rate and rhythm with normal S1 and S2 and no murmurs. Her heart rate was 65 beats per minute, and her blood pressure was 110 x 60 mm Hg. </p>
      <p>Both the electrocardiogram (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig01-body2">Figure 1</xref>) and chest X-ray (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig02-body2">Figure 2</xref>) were within normal parameters. TTE (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig03-body2">Figure 3</xref>) revealed a membrane dividing the LA into an upper chamber, accepting the pulmonary veins, and a lower chamber communicating to the LLA and mitral valve. The interatrial septum (IAS) was intact. Chamber dimensions and biventricular contractility were normal Color Doppler imaging demonstrated two flows with increased velocity from the upper to the lower chamber, consistent with two orifices with different diameters through which the pulmonary veins are drained (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig04-body2">figure 4</xref>). On pulsed Doppler, a peak pressure gradient of 4.8 mm Hg (mean of 2.7 mm Hg) was found between the two chambers. Pulmonary artery systolic pressure was estimated in 25 mm Hg by a mild tricuspid regurgitation. Based on these echocardiographic findings, the diagnosis was made of mildly obstructive CT without hemodynamic repercussion. The patient went back to the referring obstetrician with instructions for prophylaxis against infective endocarditis (IE) should any contaminated procedure be performed.</p>
      <fig id="fig01-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-88-03-0e56-00023-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <fig id="fig02-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-88-03-0e56-00023-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <fig id="fig03-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-88-03-0e56-00023-gf03-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <fig id="fig04-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-88-03-0e56-00023-gf04-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>Transthoracic echocardiograms were performed at the 16th and 27th gestational weeks. In the latter, a slight increase in pressure gradient was observed between the upper and lower left atrial chamber, as compared with the first examination (maximum of 7.8 mm Hg, mean of 3.4 mm Hg). The pregnancy course was uneventful. Although vaginal delivery was not contraindicated, this patient underwent a cesarean section at 36 weeks of gestation, upon the obstetrician&#146;s decision. At the last cardiological and echocardiographic examinations, performed two years later, the patient&#146;s clinical condition was unchanged, she was asymptomatic and the echocardiographic findings were similar to those of the initial examination.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Discussion</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Despite being a rare condition, if it is not accompanied by other heart malformations cor triatriatum can be easily corrected surgically<sup>4</sup>, but early diagnosis of symptomatic cases is critical. Although rare in adults<sup>3</sup>, CT was described in septuagenarian and octogenarian patients<sup>5,6</sup>. In both, similar to the case herein presented, no other congenital structural defects existed, and the membrane caused little, if any, restriction to the pulmonary veins flow. Non-invasive diagnosis can be made by TTE<sup>7</sup>, and color flow Doppler makes it possible to visualize the opening(s) between the two chambers, especially in the case of gradient between them, because the turbulence caused by increased blood flow velocity is easily detected. Using pulsed Doppler, this pressure gradient can be estimated. In the case of this patient, the two flows with different velocities allowed identifying the presence of two orifices, the more anterior being smaller, since it showed a higher-velocity flow. There is no report in the literature of pressure gradient variations through the CT membrane being monitored by Doppler echocardiography during pregnancy. In this patient, TTE examinations have demonstrated a rise in pressure gradient, secondary to an increase in blood volume, which usually occurs between weeks 24 and 28 of gestation. </p>
      <p>Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) is indicated when more accurate anatomical details are needed to determine optimal surgical repair or assess the presence of associated lesions. As our patient was asymptomatic and there was neither evidence of PAH nor structural defects, we chose not to perform TEE. Even though few reports exist so far on the subject, real-time three-dimensional echocardiography, recently introduced commercially, will allow greater accuracy regarding the anatomical aspects of CT<sup>8</sup>. Among the differential diagnoses to be considered is congenital supravalvular mitral stenosis<sup>9</sup>, which may produce signs and symptoms similar to those of obstructive CT during childhood. Uncharacteristically, TTE findings of this lesion showed that the membrane lies more inferior, very close to the mitral leaflets, rendering the LAA proximal. Although we found no specific reports regarding the need of prophylaxis for infective endocarditis in adult patients with CT, we recommend that antibiotic therapy be used in case of contaminated procedures, because of the turbulent flow through the membrane within the LA. Female patients with non-obstructive CT have no contraindication for vaginal delivery<sup>10</sup>. In the present case, the cesarean section was the obstetrician&#146;s choice, concurred to by the patient, rather than a contraindication.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
      </p>
      <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <fn id="end-body2" fn-type="corresp">
          <label>
            <bold>Mailing Address:</bold>
          </label>
          <p> Rog&#233;rio Tasca</p>
          <p> Rua Souza Lima, 325/801</p>
          <p> 22081-010 &#150; Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil</p>
          <p> E-mail: </p>
          <p>
            <email xlink:href="tasca@cardiol.br">tasca@cardiol.br</email>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </p>
      <p>Manuscript received April 9, 2006; revised manuscript received August 23, 2006; accepted on August 27, 2006.</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
