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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">cBr69SfXyw9cpG88zyzxMYk</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00008</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2006001800008</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(06)08700508</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2006001800008</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigos Originais</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Registro de s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda em um centro de emerg&#234;ncias em cardiologia</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Elizabete Silva dos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Minuzzo</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pereira</surname>
            <given-names>Marcos Paulo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Castillo</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Teresa Cabrera</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pal&#225;cio</surname>
            <given-names>Manoel &#194;ngelo Gomes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ramos</surname>
            <given-names>Rui Fernando</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Timerman</surname>
            <given-names>Ari</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Piegas</surname>
            <given-names>Leopoldo Soares</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia</institution>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2006</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>87</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>597</fpage>
      <lpage>602</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>28</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2005</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>17</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2005</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>07</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2005</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>OBJETIVO: Descrever as caracter&#237;sticas de pacientes (P) com suspeita cl&#237;nica de s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda (SCA), identificando-se o tratamento m&#233;dico e a mortalidade hospitalar. M&#201;TODOS: Avaliamos 860 pacientes com SCA de janeiro a dezembro de 2003. Analisamos caracter&#237;sticas basais, modalidade de apresenta&#231;&#227;o da SCA, medicamentos durante a interna&#231;&#227;o, indica&#231;&#227;o de tratamento cl&#237;nico ou de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica (RM) e mortalidade hospitalar. RESULTADOS: Foram 503 (58,3%) pacientes do sexo masculino, com m&#233;dia de idade de 62,6 anos (&#177;11,9). O diagn&#243;stico na alta hospitalar foi de infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio (IAM) com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (SST) em 78 (9,1%), IAM sem SST em 238 (27,7%), angina inst&#225;vel (AI) em 516 (60%), manifesta&#231;&#227;o at&#237;pica da SCA (s&#237;ncope ou dispn&#233;ia) em dois (0,2%) e dor tor&#225;cica n&#227;o card&#237;aca em 26 (3%). Foram medicados com betabloqueador em 87,9%, AAS em 95,9%, anti-tromb&#237;nico em 89,9%, nitroglicerina EV em 86,2%, inibidor do receptor de glicoprote&#237;na (IGP) IIb/IIIa em 6,4%, clopidogrel em 35,9%, inibidor da enzima conversora da angiotensina (IECA) em 77,9% e estatina em 70,9%. A cinecoronariografia foi realizada em 72 pacientes (92,3%) com IAM com SST e em 452 (59,8%) com SCA sem SST (p&lt;0,0001). Indica&#231;&#227;o de cirurgia de RM ocorreu em 12,9% e interven&#231;&#227;o coronariana percut&#226;nea em 26,6%. A mortalidade hospitalar foi de 4,8%, sem diferen&#231;a entre a propor&#231;&#227;o de &#243;bitos em pacientes com IAM com SST e SCA sem SST (6,4% versus 4,8%; p=0,578). CONCLUS&#195;O: Por meio deste registro apresentamos uma descri&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com SCA, avaliando caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas, tratamento m&#233;dico e mortalidade hospitalar. O conhecimento da nossa realidade deve auxiliar para a maior ader&#234;ncia da classe m&#233;dica &#224;s condutas recomendadas.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt" kwd-group-type="author-generated">
        <kwd>S&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda</kwd>
        <kwd>registro</kwd>
        <kwd>dor tor&#225;cica</kwd>
        <kwd>angina inst&#225;vel</kwd>
        <kwd>infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>06</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2007</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>ARTIGO ORIGINAL</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Registro de s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda em um centro de emerg&#234;ncias em cardiologia </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Elizabete Silva dos Santos; Luiz Minuzzo; Marcos Paulo Pereira; Maria Teresa Cabrera Castillo; Manoel &#194;ngelo Gomes Pal&#225;cio; Rui Fernando Ramos; Ari Timerman; Leopoldo Soares Piegas</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="back10">Correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>RESUMO</bold>
    </p>
    <p><bold>OBJETIVO:</bold> Descrever as caracter&#237;sticas de pacientes (P) com suspeita cl&#237;nica de s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda (SCA), identificando-se o tratamento m&#233;dico e a mortalidade hospitalar. </p>
    <p><bold>M&#201;TODOS:</bold> Avaliamos 860 pacientes com SCA de janeiro a dezembro de 2003. Analisamos caracter&#237;sticas basais, modalidade de apresenta&#231;&#227;o da SCA, medicamentos durante a interna&#231;&#227;o, indica&#231;&#227;o de tratamento cl&#237;nico ou de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica (RM) e mortalidade hospitalar. </p>
    <p><bold>RESULTADOS:</bold> Foram 503 (58,3%) pacientes do sexo masculino, com m&#233;dia de idade de 62,6 anos (&#177;11,9). O diagn&#243;stico na alta hospitalar foi de infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio (IAM) com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (SST) em 78 (9,1%), IAM sem SST em 238 (27,7%), angina inst&#225;vel (AI) em 516 (60%), manifesta&#231;&#227;o at&#237;pica da SCA (s&#237;ncope ou dispn&#233;ia) em dois (0,2%) e dor tor&#225;cica n&#227;o card&#237;aca em 26 (3%). Foram medicados com betabloqueador em 87,9%, AAS em 95,9%, anti-tromb&#237;nico em 89,9%, nitroglicerina EV em 86,2%, inibidor do receptor de glicoprote&#237;na (IGP) IIb/IIIa em 6,4%, clopidogrel em 35,9%, inibidor da enzima conversora da angiotensina (IECA) em 77,9% e estatina em 70,9%. A cinecoronariografia foi realizada em 72 pacientes (92,3%) com IAM com SST e em 452 (59,8%) com SCA sem SST (p&lt;0,0001). Indica&#231;&#227;o de cirurgia de RM ocorreu em 12,9% e interven&#231;&#227;o coronariana percut&#226;nea em 26,6%. A mortalidade hospitalar foi de 4,8%, sem diferen&#231;a entre a propor&#231;&#227;o de &#243;bitos em pacientes com IAM com SST e SCA sem SST (6,4% versus 4,8%; p=0,578). </p>
    <p><bold>CONCLUS&#195;O:</bold> Por meio deste registro apresentamos uma descri&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com SCA, avaliando caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas, tratamento m&#233;dico e mortalidade hospitalar. O conhecimento da nossa realidade deve auxiliar para a maior ader&#234;ncia da classe m&#233;dica &#224;s condutas recomendadas.</p>
    <p><bold>Palavras-chave:</bold> S&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda, registro, dor tor&#225;cica, angina inst&#225;vel, infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio.</p>
    <p>A s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda (SCA) engloba um grupo de entidades que incluem infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio (IAM) com Supradesn&#237;vel do segmento ST (SST), IAM sem SST e angina inst&#225;vel. Essas manifesta&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o causas comuns de atendimentos e de admiss&#245;es nos Departamentos de Emerg&#234;ncias, assim como causas de morbidade e de mortalidade no mundo<sup>1-4</sup>. Dados epidemiol&#243;gicos americanos relatam que mais de 12 milh&#245;es de pessoas t&#234;m doen&#231;a arterial coronariana e mais de um milh&#227;o experimenta um infarto do mioc&#225;rdio a cada ano, resultando em cerca de 466.000 mortes atribu&#237;das &#224; doen&#231;a arterial coronariana<sup>1, 5</sup> .</p>
    <p>Na &#250;ltima d&#233;cada, com o maior conhecimento sobre a fisiopatologia das SCA, avan&#231;os t&#234;m sido alcan&#231;ados em interven&#231;&#245;es terap&#234;uticas e divulga&#231;&#227;o de novos medicamentos no seu tratamento<sup>1,6</sup>. Diretrizes, tanto nacionais<sup>7</sup> como internacionais<sup>8</sup>, para a recomenda&#231;&#227;o desses tratamentos, s&#227;o baseadas em ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados, levados a efeito em popula&#231;&#245;es geograficamente restritas e em pacientes altamente selecionados<sup>1, 3</sup>.</p>
    <p>O registro de pacientes com SCA em nosso servi&#231;o foi criado para documentar as caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas basais, modalidades de apresenta&#231;&#227;o, tratamento m&#233;dico durante a interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar e evolu&#231;&#227;o hospitalar. Est&#227;o inclusos, nesta popula&#231;&#227;o, pacientes com diagn&#243;stico de IAM com SST, IAM sem SST e angina inst&#225;vel. Um pequeno n&#250;mero de pacientes admitidos por SCA, por&#233;m, com diagn&#243;stico na alta hospitalar de dor tor&#225;cica de origem n&#227;o card&#237;aca, tamb&#233;m foi incluso neste registro.</p>
    <p>O objetivo deste artigo &#233;, por meio deste registro, descrever as caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas desta popula&#231;&#227;o de pacientes, identificando o tratamento m&#233;dico utilizado e a mortalidade hospitalar.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>M&#233;todos</bold>
    </p>
    <p>A nossa institui&#231;&#227;o, apesar de ser um centro terci&#225;rio de cardiologia, apresenta uma se&#231;&#227;o de emerg&#234;ncias aberta a atendimentos e interna&#231;&#245;es das mais diversas situa&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas. Durante o per&#237;odo de 1&#186; de janeiro a 31 de dezembro de 2003, um total de 36.600 pacientes foram atendidos no Pronto Socorro (m&#233;dia de 3.050 ao m&#234;s), com taxa de interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar de 6,2% (2.287 pacientes). Do total de interna&#231;&#245;es, 860 (37,6%) pacientes foram admitidos com diagn&#243;stico de SCA e registrados em nosso banco de dados. Cento e quatro pacientes (10,8%) apresentaram uma ou mais re-interna&#231;&#245;es no mesmo ano. Na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref> pode-se observar o fluxograma para pacientes com dor tor&#225;cica atendidos no Pronto Socorro.</p>
    <p content-type="asset">
      <fig id="f1">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-87-05-0597-00008-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>O diagn&#243;stico de SCA, na admiss&#227;o hospitalar, foi definido pela presen&#231;a de dor precordial ou retroesternal em repouso, sugestiva de insufici&#234;ncia arterial coronariana, nas &#250;ltimas 48 horas, ou um ou mais dos seguintes achados: dor tor&#225;cica mal definida, mas que o m&#233;dico assistente, no atendimento inicial, considerasse a possibilidade de ser em conseq&#252;&#234;ncia de SCA, justificando a interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar; dispn&#233;ia (inclusive a presen&#231;a de edema agudo de pulm&#227;o) ou s&#237;ncope de poss&#237;vel etiologia isqu&#234;mica. Esses achados poderiam estar associados ou n&#227;o &#224; eleva&#231;&#227;o dos marcadores de les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica dispon&#237;veis para avalia&#231;&#227;o (CPK, CKMB atividade, CKMB massa ou troponina I card&#237;aca), ou a altera&#231;&#245;es isqu&#234;micas recentes, ou possivelmente recentes no eletrocardiograma da admiss&#227;o, como: infradesn&#237;vel do segmento ST, supradesn&#237;vel do segmento ST persistente, invers&#227;o da onda T igual ou maior que 0,5 mil&#237;metro ou bloqueios de ramo.</p>
    <p>Uma ficha cl&#237;nica, com as vari&#225;veis necess&#225;rias para a documenta&#231;&#227;o no banco de dados, foi utilizada para registrar as informa&#231;&#245;es sobre as caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas basais, sintomas de apresenta&#231;&#227;o, altera&#231;&#245;es eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas, exames laboratoriais, tratamento m&#233;dico e evolu&#231;&#227;o hospitalar.</p>
    <p><italic>Avalia&#231;&#227;o estat&#237;stica</italic> - Ap&#243;s a admiss&#227;o no Pronto Socorro, todos os pacientes com suspeita cl&#237;nica de SCA foram identificados por meio de metodologia prospectiva. A an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica foi focalizada em cada modalidade de SCA. As propor&#231;&#245;es entre vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram comparadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado ou teste exato de Fisher, e entre vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas pelo teste t de <italic>Student</italic>.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Resultados</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Na <xref ref-type="table" rid="tab1">tabela 1</xref> apresentamos as caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas basais da popula&#231;&#227;o estudada. A maioria dos pacientes foi do sexo masculino (58,3%), com m&#233;dia de idade de 62,6 anos (&#177;11,9), dos quais 481(56%) ocupavam a faixa et&#225;ria entre 55 e 74 anos. Hist&#243;ria pr&#233;via de SCA ocorreu em 409 pacientes (47,6%), 348 (40,5%) apresentando antecedente de infarto do mioc&#225;rdio e 94 (10,9%) de angina inst&#225;vel. Doen&#231;a arterial coronariana conhecida com obstru&#231;&#227;o coronariana igual ou maior que 50% esteve presente em 343 pacientes (39,9%) e antecedente de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica (angioplastia e / ou cirurgia) em 347 (40,3%). Dor precordial considerada t&#237;pica para doen&#231;a arterial coronariana na apresenta&#231;&#227;o ocorreu em 742 pacientes (86,3%).</p>
    <table-wrap id="tab1">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-87-05-0597-00008-gt01.jpg"/></table-wrap>
    <p><italic>Diagn&#243;stico</italic> - O diagn&#243;stico na alta hospitalar foi de IAM com SST em 78 pacientes (9,1%), IAM sem SST em 238 (27,7%), angina inst&#225;vel em 516 (60%), dor tor&#225;cica de origem n&#227;o card&#237;aca em 26 (3%). Dois pacientes n&#227;o apresentaram dor tor&#225;cica (um com s&#237;ncope e outro com dispn&#233;ia), mas, foram considerados portadores de SCA sem SST.</p>
    <p>Dos 78 pacientes com IAM com SST, 41 (52,6%) apresentavam infarto de parede anterior e 35 (44,9%) de parede inferior. O infarto agudo de ventr&#237;culo direito ocorreu em quatro pacientes (5,1%).</p>
    <p>Dos 516 pacientes com angina inst&#225;vel, a grande maioria apresentava angina III B (489 pacientes [94,8%]), seguida por angina III C (14 pacientes [2,7%] e angina III A (quatro pacientes [0,8%]) da classifica&#231;&#227;o de Braunwald<sup>9</sup>.</p>
    <p><italic>Fatores de risco</italic> - Os fatores de risco mais freq&#252;entes para doen&#231;a arterial coronariana foram hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica em 672 pacientes (78,1%) e dislipidemia em 457 (53,1%), seguidos de hist&#243;ria familiar para insufici&#234;ncia coronariana, diabetes <italic>mellitus</italic> e tabagismo (<xref ref-type="table" rid="tab1">tab. 1</xref>). Trezentos e quarenta e sete pacientes (40,7%) eram portadores de tr&#234;s ou mais fatores de risco.</p>
    <p><italic>Estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco</italic> - Os pacientes com diagn&#243;stico na admiss&#227;o de SCA sem SST foram estratificados, quanto ao risco de eventos card&#237;acos, pelo Escore de Risco TIMI<sup>10</sup>. E foram distribu&#237;dos de acordo com o Escore de Risco TIMI em 163 (20,8%) de baixo risco, 446 (57%) de risco intermedi&#225;rio e 173 (22,1%) de alto risco.</p>
    <p><italic>Medicamentos utilizados durante a interna&#231;&#227;o</italic> - Globalmente os pacientes foram intensamente tratados com betabloqueador (87,9%), &#225;cido acetilsalic&#237;lico (95,9%), nitroglicerina endovenosa (86,2%) e antitromb&#237;nico (89,9%) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="tab2">tab. 2</xref>). A utiliza&#231;&#227;o de betabloqueador por via oral e &#225;cido acetilsalic&#237;lico foi semelhante em todas as modalidades de SCA (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">tab 3</xref>).</p>
    <p content-type="asset">
      <table-wrap id="t3">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-87-05-0597-00008-gt02.jpg"/></table-wrap>
    </p>
    <table-wrap id="tab2">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-87-05-0597-00008-gt03.jpg"/></table-wrap>
    <p>No Pronto Socorro, o protocolo para utiliza&#231;&#227;o de betabloqueador endovenoso na admiss&#227;o hospitalar nos pacientes com SCA restringe-se &#224;queles com IAM com SST ou nos portadores de SCA sem SST que apresentem dor precordial na chegada &#224; sala de emerg&#234;ncia, associada a pico hipertensivo ou taquicardia, desde que n&#227;o apresentem contra-indica&#231;&#245;es. Na popula&#231;&#227;o estudada esse medicamento por via endovenosa foi utilizado num total de 52 pacientes (6%), significativamente mais prescrito no IAM com SST (p &lt; 0,0001).</p>
    <p>A utiliza&#231;&#227;o de outros medicamentos antiplaquet&#225;rios, como clopidogrel (309 pacientes [35,9%]) e inibidores do receptor de glicoprote&#237;na IIb/IIIa (55 pacientes [6,4%]), foi proporcionalmente maior nos portadores de IAM com SST em compara&#231;&#227;o com os pacientes portadores de SCA sem SST (p &lt; 0,0001) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">tab. 3</xref>). Os antitromb&#237;nicos, por sua vez, foram mais significativamente prescritos nos portadores de SCA sem SST (p &lt; 0,0001).</p>
    <p><italic>Cinecoronariografia</italic> - Nos pacientes com diagn&#243;stico na admiss&#227;o de SCA sem SST, apesar de a realiza&#231;&#227;o de cinecoronariografia ser baseada, principalmente, na estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco TIMI, sempre h&#225; a preocupa&#231;&#227;o para uma avalia&#231;&#227;o individualizada de vari&#225;veis independentes de risco de eventos card&#237;acos, como: caracter&#237;sticas dos sintomas, altera&#231;&#245;es eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas e marcadores de les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica. Nesta popula&#231;&#227;o, de acordo com o escore de risco TIMI, a cinecoronariografia foi realizada em 55,2% dos pacientes de baixo risco, 57,6% dos de risco intermedi&#225;rio e em 61,8% dos de alto risco (p=0,450).</p>
    <p>Na popula&#231;&#227;o total, a cinecoronariografia foi realizada em 526 pacientes (61,2%), com tempo m&#233;dio entre admiss&#227;o hospitalar e cinecoronariografia de 69,5 horas (&#177; 55,5), sendo sua indica&#231;&#227;o e realiza&#231;&#227;o consideravelmente maior nos pacientes com diagn&#243;stico de IAM com SST (72 de 78 pacientes [92,3%]) em compara&#231;&#227;o com os pacientes com SCA sem SST (452 de 756 pacientes [59,8%]) (p &lt; 0,0001). Dois de 26 pacientes (7,7%) com diagn&#243;stico na alta hospitalar de dor tor&#225;cica de origem n&#227;o card&#237;aca foram submetidos &#224; cinecoronariografia.</p>
    <p>O procedimento foi realizado nas primeiras 48 horas em 266 pacientes (30,9%).</p>
    <p><italic>Tratamento de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica</italic> - Na popula&#231;&#227;o global, num total de 340 pacientes (39,5 %) foi indicado procedimento de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica (angioplastia ou cirurgia). Na <xref ref-type="table" rid="tab4">tabela 4</xref> apresentamos o tratamento indicado de acordo com a modalidade da SCA. A grande maioria dos pacientes com IAM com SST foi tratada com interven&#231;&#227;o coronariana percut&#226;nea prim&#225;ria.</p>
    <table-wrap id="tab4">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-87-05-0597-00008-gt04.jpg"/></table-wrap>
    <p>Analisando-se apenas os pacientes submetidos &#224; cinecoronariografia, foi indicado tratamento cl&#237;nico em 220 pacientes (41,8%), interven&#231;&#227;o coronariana percut&#226;nea em 215 (40,9%) e cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica em 91 (17,3%). O procedimento de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica (angioplastia ou cirurgia) foi realizado durante a interna&#231;&#227;o em 255 pacientes (39,5%).</p>
    <p><italic>Mortalidade ou alta hospitalar</italic> - Das 860 admiss&#245;es por SCA, 815 (94,8%) pacientes apresentaram alta hospitalar, com tempo m&#233;dio entre admiss&#227;o e alta hospitalar de seis dias (&#177;8).</p>
    <p>A mortalidade hospitalar global foi de 4,8% (41 pacientes), n&#227;o havendo diferen&#231;a significativa entre a propor&#231;&#227;o de &#243;bitos dos pacientes com IAM com SST em compara&#231;&#227;o com os pacientes com SCA sem SST (6,4% <italic>versus</italic> 4,8%, respectivamente; p = 0,578). N&#227;o ocorreram &#243;bitos entre pacientes com diagn&#243;stico de dor tor&#225;cica de origem n&#227;o card&#237;aca.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Discuss&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>No mundo real, a popula&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com SCA difere marcadamente das popula&#231;&#245;es de ensaios cl&#237;nicos, com grande heterogeneidade naqueles que s&#227;o conduzidos na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica<sup>11,12</sup>.</p>
    <p>A grande import&#226;ncia dos dados de registro est&#225; na informa&#231;&#227;o sobre pacientes que freq&#252;entemente s&#227;o exclu&#237;dos de ensaios cl&#237;nicos como, por exemplo, os idosos ou pacientes do sexo feminino<sup>12</sup>. Com os registros podemos tamb&#233;m avaliar a incorpora&#231;&#227;o de novos tratamentos e da ader&#234;ncia da classe m&#233;dica, apesar da medicina baseada em evid&#234;ncias e das recomenda&#231;&#245;es em diretrizes<sup>12,13</sup>.</p>
    <p>Com este registro apresentamos uma descri&#231;&#227;o detalhada da nossa popula&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com SCA; talvez seja a observa&#231;&#227;o mais importante o grande n&#250;mero de pacientes admitidos por SCA em um centro de emerg&#234;ncias em cardiologia, atingindo quase 40% das interna&#231;&#245;es no per&#237;odo de um ano. Como n&#227;o se trata de pacientes para estudos selecionados, o estudo corresponde ao censo dessa popula&#231;&#227;o em 2003. Com isso, podemos apresentar o perfil dessa popula&#231;&#227;o e como se tem conduzido o tratamento desta entidade cl&#237;nica, ap&#243;s divulga&#231;&#245;es e acesso f&#225;cil a in&#250;meros ensaios cl&#237;nicos ou a diretrizes recomendadas.</p>
    <p>Aproximadamente, metade dos pacientes do registro GRACE apresentava idade maior que 65 anos, e mais de um ter&#231;o foram do sexo feminino<sup>12</sup>. De forma semelhante, nos pacientes admitidos com SCA no Pronto Socorro da nossa institui&#231;&#227;o, 49,6% apresentavam idade superior ou igual a 65 anos e 41,5% eram do sexo feminino (raz&#227;o 1:4 entre homens e mulheres).</p>
    <p>Entre as modalidades de SCA, os investigadores do estudo ENACT<sup>3</sup> relataram que angina inst&#225;vel foi a causa mais freq&#252;ente de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o (46%), seguida por IAM (39%). Dados do estudo GRACE<sup>1</sup>, publicados em 2002, apresentaram os resultados de 11.543 pacientes, mostrando que na alta hospitalar 38% tinham diagn&#243;stico de angina inst&#225;vel, 30% de IAM com SST e 25% IAM sem SST.</p>
    <p>Neste estudo, dos 860 pacientes admitidos por SCA, o diagn&#243;stico na alta hospitalar mais freq&#252;ente foi angina inst&#225;vel (60%), seguido de IAM sem SST em 27,7% e de IAM com SST em 9,1%; neste &#250;ltimo, a maior propor&#231;&#227;o correspondeu ao IAM de parede anterior (52,6%).</p>
    <p>O uso freq&#252;ente de terapia farmacol&#243;gica, como &#225;cido acetilsalic&#237;lico (95,9%) e betabloqueador por via oral (87,9%), correspondeu ao descrito em registros anteriores de hospitais com facilidade para cinecoronariografia<sup>1</sup>. A utiliza&#231;&#227;o de &#225;cido acetilsalic&#237;lico, em todas as modalidades de SCA, &#233; consistente com as recomenda&#231;&#245;es das diretrizes para o seu uso em pacientes com IAM e angina inst&#225;vel. O uso de betabloqueador tamb&#233;m foi consistente e reflete as recomenda&#231;&#245;es atuais, particularmente em pacientes com angina inst&#225;vel<sup>7,8,14,15</sup>. Grande n&#250;mero de pacientes tamb&#233;m foi submetido a tratamento com nitrato endovenoso (86,2%) e antitromb&#237;nico (89,9%), sendo este &#250;ltimo significativamente mais prescrito naqueles com SCA sem SST. Houve subutiliza&#231;&#227;o de medicamentos de benef&#237;cio comprovado como o clopidogrel (35,9%) e os inibidores de glicoprote&#237;na IIb/IIIa (6,4%). O uso de inibidores de glicoprote&#237;na IIb/IIIa foi apenas ligeiramente superior &#224;quele de hospitais sem facilidade para cinecoronariografia<sup>1</sup>, mostrando, possivelmente, a preocupa&#231;&#227;o relacionada ao risco de complica&#231;&#245;es hemorr&#225;gicas com o uso dessa classe de medicamentos. Seu uso foi proporcionalmente maior nos pacientes com IAM com SST (16,7% <italic>versus</italic> 5,6%; p &lt; 0,0001).</p>
    <p>Por ser um hospital terci&#225;rio com servi&#231;o de cardiologia intervencionista, o uso de interven&#231;&#227;o coronariana percut&#226;nea foi consideravelmente maior nos pacientes com IAM com SST, sendo a realiza&#231;&#227;o de cinecoronariografia proporcionalmente maior nesta popula&#231;&#227;o de pacientes em compara&#231;&#227;o com os pacientes com SCA sem SST (92,3% <italic>versus</italic> 59,8%; p &lt; 0,0001). Relatos anteriores t&#234;m demonstrado que a cinecoronariografia &#233; um procedimento de rotina em pacientes com IAM com ou sem SST, havendo diferen&#231;as na freq&#252;&#234;ncia deste procedimento de acordo com as caracter&#237;sticas dos hospitais (hospital escola ou centro terci&#225;rio de cardiologia)<sup>16</sup>. A propor&#231;&#227;o de pacientes submetidos &#224; cinecoronariografia e procedimentos de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica &#233; significativamente maior nos servi&#231;os com acesso f&#225;cil ao laborat&#243;rio de cateterismo<sup>16</sup>.</p>
    <p>A indica&#231;&#227;o de interven&#231;&#227;o coronariana percut&#226;nea ocorreu em 65,4% dos pacientes com IAM com SST e em 25,6% dos pacientes com IAM sem SST, sendo consideravelmente mais elevada do que a relatada no estudo ENACT (8%)<sup>3</sup>.Cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica foi realizada em um pequeno n&#250;mero de pacientes, sendo mais indicada em pacientes com IAM sem SST, de forma semelhante aos relatos do registro GRACE<sup>1</sup>.</p>
    <p>A mortalidade hospitalar de pacientes com IAM com SST foi compar&#225;vel &#224;quela de registros pr&#233;vios (6,4%), sendo inferior &#224; relatada no estudo NRMI 3 (9%)<sup>17</sup>. Da mesma forma, a mortalidade hospitalar de pacientes com SCA sem SST (4,8%) foi compar&#225;vel &#224; do registro OASIS de pacientes com IAM sem SST e angina inst&#225;vel em sete dias (5%)<sup>18</sup>.</p>
    <p>Portanto, com este registro, passamos a conhecer o perfil da nossa popula&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com SCA e a conduta no mundo real de um centro de atendimento de emerg&#234;ncias cardiol&#243;gicas no Brasil. O conhecimento da nossa realidade talvez possa ser de aux&#237;lio para a maior ader&#234;ncia da classe m&#233;dica &#224;s condutas recomendadas pelas diretrizes nacionais e internacionais.</p>
    <p><italic>Limita&#231;&#245;es</italic> - Como todo estudo observacional, os dados deste registro apresentam limita&#231;&#245;es, sendo as informa&#231;&#245;es tiradas de uma coleta de banco de dados.</p>
    <p>N&#227;o h&#225; relato sobre evolu&#231;&#227;o, taxas de sucesso em rela&#231;&#227;o aos procedimentos de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica utilizados, nem dos resultados de suas intercorr&#234;ncias e complica&#231;&#245;es.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Potencial Conflito de Interesses</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflitos de interesses pertinentes.</p>
    <p>
      <fn id="back10" fn-type="corresp">
        <p>Correspond&#234;ncia:</p>
        <p>Elizabete Silva dos Santos </p>
        <p> Rua das Rosas, 126/32 </p>
        <p> S&#227;o Paulo, SP </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="elizabetessantos@cardiol.br">elizabetessantos@cardiol.br</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p> Recebido em 07/07/05; revisado recebido em 17/10/05; aceito em 28/10/05.</p>
  </body>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Acute coronary syndrome registry at a cardiology emergency center</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>OBJECTIVE: Describe clinical characteristics of patients (P) admitted to hospital with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS), identifying medical treatment and in-hospital mortality. METHODS: Evaluated were 860 patients with ACS from January through December, 2003. We evaluated baseline characteristics, ACS mode of presentation, medication during hospital stay, indication for clinical treatment or myocardial revascularization (MR) and in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: Five hundred and three (58.3%) were male, mean age 62.6 years (&#177; 11.9). Seventy-eight (9.1%) were discharged with the diagnosis of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), 238 (27.7%) with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (non-STEMI), 516 (60%) with unstable angina (UA), two (0.2%) with atypical manifestations of ACS and 26 (3%) with non-cardiac chest pain. During hospitalization, 87.9% of patients were given a beta-blocker, 95.9% acetylsalicylic acid, 89.9% anti-thrombin therapy, 86.2% intravenous nitroglycerin, 6.4% glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor, 35.9% clopidogrel, 77.9% angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, and 70,9% statin drugs. Coronary arteriography was performed in 72 patients (92.3%) with STEMI, and in 452 (59.8%) with non-STEMI ACS (p&lt; 0.0001). Myocardial revascularization (MR) surgery was indicated for 12.9% and percutaneous coronary intervention for 26.6%. In-hospital mortality was 4.8%, and no difference was recorded between the proportion of deaths among patients with STEMI and non-STEMI ACS (6.4% versus 4.8%; p = 0.578). CONCLUSION: In this registry, we provide a description of ACS patient, which allows the evaluation of the demographic characteristics, medical treatment prescribed, and in-hospital mortality. A greater awareness of our reality may help the medical community to adhere more strictly to the procedures set by guidelines.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Acute coronary syndrome</kwd>
        <kwd>registry</kwd>
        <kwd>chest pain</kwd>
        <kwd>unstable angina</kwd>
        <kwd>acute myocardial infarction</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Acute coronary syndrome registry at a cardiology emergency center</p>
      <p>
        <bold> Elizabete Silva dos Santos; Luiz Minuzzo; Marcos Paulo Pereira; Maria Teresa Cabrera Castillo; Manoel &#194;ngelo Gomes Pal&#225;cio; Rui Fernando Ramos; Ari Timerman; Leopoldo Soares Piegas</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</p>
      <p>
        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="back10-body2">Mailing Address</xref>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>ABSTRACT</bold>
      </p>
      <p><bold>OBJECTIVE:</bold> Describe clinical characteristics of patients (P) admitted to hospital with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS), identifying medical treatment and in-hospital mortality.</p>
      <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> Evaluated were 860 patients with ACS from January through December, 2003. We evaluated baseline characteristics, ACS mode of presentation, medication during hospital stay, indication for clinical treatment or myocardial revascularization (MR) and in-hospital mortality.</p>
      <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> Five hundred and three (58.3%) were male, mean age 62.6 years (&#177; 11.9). Seventy-eight (9.1%) were discharged with the diagnosis of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), 238 (27.7%) with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (non-STEMI), 516 (60%) with unstable angina (UA), two (0.2%) with atypical manifestations of ACS and 26 (3%) with non-cardiac chest pain. During hospitalization, 87.9% of patients were given a beta-blocker, 95.9% acetylsalicylic acid, 89.9% anti-thrombin therapy, 86.2% intravenous nitroglycerin, 6.4% glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor, 35.9% clopidogrel, 77.9% angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, and 70,9% statin drugs. Coronary arteriography was performed in 72 patients (92.3%) with STEMI, and in 452 (59.8%) with non-STEMI ACS (p&lt; 0.0001). Myocardial revascularization (MR) surgery was indicated for 12.9% and percutaneous coronary intervention for 26.6%. In-hospital mortality was 4.8%, and no difference was recorded between the proportion of deaths among patients with STEMI and non-STEMI ACS (6.4% versus 4.8%; p = 0.578).</p>
      <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> In this registry, we provide a description of ACS patient, which allows the evaluation of the demographic characteristics, medical treatment prescribed, and in-hospital mortality. A greater awareness of our reality may help the medical community to adhere more strictly to the procedures set by guidelines.</p>
      <p><bold>Key words:</bold> Acute coronary syndrome, registry, chest pain, unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction.</p>
      <p>Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) comprises a group of entities including acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (non-STEMI), and unstable angina. These manifestations are common causes of medical consultations and admissions at emergency departments, as well as morbidity and mortality worldwide<sup>1-4</sup>. USA epidemiological data show that more than 12 million people suffer from coronary artery disease and more than one million suffer myocardial infarction each year, accounting for approximately 466,000 deaths per year due to coronary artery disease<sup>1,5</sup>.</p>
      <p>Over the past decade, a greater in-depth understanding of ACS pathophysiology has led to advances in therapeutic interventions and launching of new drugs for treating it<sup>1,6</sup>. National<sup>7</sup> and international<sup>8</sup> guidelines with recommendations for treatment have been developed based on randomized clinical trials conducted with geographically restricted populations and patients who strictly met the criteria for inclusion<sup>1,3</sup>.</p>
      <p>The registry of ACS patients at our department was created to document baseline clinical characteristics, ACS modes of presentation, medical treatment during in-hospital stay, and clinical progress. This population includes STEMI, non-STEMI and unstable angina patients. A small number of patients admitted due to ACS, but diagnosed as non-cardiac chest pain cases at discharge, were also included in the registry.</p>
      <p>The objective of this article is to describe clinical characteristics of the patient population, and identify medical treatment and in-hospital mortality by means of this registry.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Methods</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Despite being a tertiary cardiology center, our institution has an emergency department that treats patients with varied clinical conditions. From January 1 to December 31, 2003, 36,600 patients were seen at the Emergency Room (average 3,050 per month), accounting for 6.2% of all hospital admissions (2,287 patients). Of the total number of patients hospitalized, 860 (37.6%) were admitted with the diagnosis of ACS and registered in our database. One hundred and four patients (10.8%) had been readmitted at least once during the same year. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="e07f1-body2">Figure 1</xref> shows the flowchart for patients with chest pain treated in the Emergency Room.</p>
      <p content-type="asset">
        <fig id="e07f1-body2">
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-87-05-0597-00008-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>Admission diagnosis of ACS was defined by the presence of resting precordial or retrosternal chest pain for 48 hours suggestive of coronary artery failure, or one or more of the following symptoms: a) ill-defined chest pain considered of ACS origin by the physician who first saw the patient and who decided that hospitalization was necessary; b) dyspnea (including acute pulmonary edema) or syncope of possible ischemic etiology. These findings may or may not be associated with an elevation of the myocardial lesion markers available for evaluation (CPK, CKMB activity, CKMB-mass or cardiac troponin-I), or ischemic alterations considered recent or that were recently revealed on admission electrocardiograms images, such as ST segment depression, persistent ST-segment elevation, T-wave inversion equal to or greater than 0.5 mm, or bundle branch blocks.</p>
      <p>A case report form [CRF] with the variables to be included in the database was used to register baseline clinical characteristics, symptoms at presentation, electrocardiographic alterations, laboratory tests, and in-hospital clinical progress.</p>
      <p><italic>Statistical evaluation -</italic> After being admitted to the emergency room, all patients with clinical suspicion of ACS were prospectively identified. The statistical analysis focused on each modality of ACS. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were applied in order to compare proportions among categorical variables, and the Student <italic>t</italic> test was used for the continuous variables.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Results</bold>
      </p>
      <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="tab1-body2">Table 1</xref> displays baseline clinical characteristics of the population studied. Most subjects were male (58.3%), with 481 (56%) patients in the 55 to 74-year-old age group (average age of 62.6 years &#177; 11.9). Four hundred and nine patients (47.6%) had a history of ACS, 348 (40.5%) had experienced a previous myocardial infarction, and 94 (10.9%) had unstable angina. Three hundred and forty-three patients (39.9%) had coronary heart disease (defined as coronary obstruction equal to or greater than 50%), while 347 (40.3%) had undergone previous myocardial revascularization (angioplasty or surgery). Precordial pain typical of coronary heart disease affected 742 patients (86.3%).</p>
      <table-wrap id="tab1-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-87-05-0597-00008-gt01-en.jpg"/></table-wrap>
      <p><italic>Diagnosis</italic> - Diagnosis at discharge was acute STEMI in 78 patients (9.1%), non-STEMI in 238 (27.7%), unstable angina in 516 (60%), and non-cardiac chest pain in 26 patients (3%). Two patients did not have chest pain (one had syncope and the other, dyspnea), but were considered non-STEMI ACS patients.</p>
      <p>Of the 78 STEMI patients, 41 (52.6%) had experienced an anterior wall infarction, 35 (44.9%) an inferior wall infarction, and 4 patients (5.1%), an acute right ventricular infarction.</p>
      <p>Of the 516 patients with unstable angina, the great majority had class III B angina (489 patients &#150; 94.8%) followed by III C class (14 patients &#150; 2.7%) and III A class angina (4 patients &#150; 0.8%) as per Braunwald's classification<sup>9</sup>.</p>
      <p><italic>Risk factors &#150;</italic> Systemic arterial hypertension in 672 patients (78.1%) and dyslipidemy in 457 patients (53.1%) were the most frequent risk factors for coronary artery disease, followed by family history of coronary insufficiency, diabetes mellitus and smoking (<xref ref-type="table" rid="tab1-body2">Tab. 1</xref>). Three hundred and forty-seven patients (40.7%) had three or more risk factors.</p>
      <p><italic>Risk stratification</italic> - Patients diagnosed with non-ST-elevation ACS at admission were stratified by their risk of suffering cardiac events, according to the TIMI Risk Score<sup>10</sup>. One hundred and sixty-three (20.8%) subjects were classified as being at low risk, 446 (57%) at intermediate risk, and 173 (22.1%) at high risk.</p>
      <p><italic>Medications used during the hospital stay</italic> - Generally speaking, patients were treated intensively with beta-blockers (87.9%), acetylsalicylic acid (95.9%), intravenous nitroglycerin (86.2%), and anti-thrombin drugs (89.9%) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="tab2-body2">Tab. 2</xref>). The oral administration of beta-blockers and acetylsalicylic acid was similar for all modalities of ACS (<xref ref-type="table" rid="e07t3-body2">Tab. 3</xref>).</p>
      <p content-type="asset">
        <table-wrap id="e07t3-body2">
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-87-05-0597-00008-gt02-en.jpg"/></table-wrap>
      </p>
      <table-wrap id="tab2-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-87-05-0597-00008-gt03-en.jpg"/></table-wrap>
      <p>In the Emergency Room, the protocol for administrating an intravenous beta-blocker at admission is restricted to STEMI or non-STEMI ACS patients who initially present with precordial pain associated with a hypertension peak or tachycardia, provided there are no contraindications. In the population studied, this medication was administered intravenously to 52 patients (6%), being prescribed significantly more often for STEMI patients (p &lt; 0.0001).</p>
      <p>The use of other anti-plaque medications, such as clopidogrel (309 patients &#150; 35.9%) and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor (55 patients &#150; 6.4%) was proportionally greater for those patients with STEMI in comparison with non-ST-elevation ACS patients (p &lt; 0.0001) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="e07t3-body2">Tab. 3</xref>). On the other hand, anti-thrombin drugs were prescribed more frequently for those patients with non-STEMI ACS (p &lt; 0.0001).</p>
      <p>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-87-05-0597-00008-e01-en.jpg"/></p>
      <p><italic>Coronary arteriography</italic> &#150; For patients diagnosed with non-ST-elevation ACS at admission, the use of coronary arteriography is based mainly on the risk stratification according to the TIMI risk score. Nevertheless, it is very important to do an individualized assessment of independent variables of cardiac event risks, such as symptom characteristics, electrocardiographic alterations, and myocardial injury markers. In this population, according to the TIMI risk score, coronary arteriography was performed in 55.2% of the low-risk patients, 57.6% of the intermediate-risk patients, and 61.8% of high-risk patients (p =0.450).</p>
      <p>In the total population, coronary arteriography was performed in 526 patients (61.2%), with an average interval of 69.5 hours (&#177; 55.5) between admission and the procedure. Indications for coronary arteriography were considerably higher for STEMI patients (72 of 78 patients &#150; 92.3%) than for non-ST-elevation ACS patients (452 of 756 &#150; 59.8%) (p &lt; 0.0001). Two of the 26 patients (7.7%) with a diagnosis of non-cardiac chest pain at discharge underwent coronary arteriography.</p>
      <p>The procedure was performed during the first 48 hours after admission in 266 patients (30.9%).</p>
      <p><italic>Myocardial revascularization &#150;</italic> Of the total population, 340 patients (39.5%) were referred for myocardial revascularization (angioplasty or surgery). Table 4 displays the treatment prescribed according to the modality of ACS. The great majority of STEMI patients underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention.</p>
      <p>Analyzing only those patients who underwent coronary arteriography, clinical treatment was prescribed for 220 patients (41.8%), percutaneous coronary intervention for 215 (40.9%), and myocardial revascularization surgery for 91 (17.3%). Myocardial revascularization (angioplasty or surgery) was performed during the hospitalization in 255 patients (39.5%).</p>
      <p><italic>Mortality or hospital discharge</italic> - Of the 860 patients admitted due to ACS, 815 (94.8%) were released from the hospital after 6 days (&#177;8), on average.</p>
      <p>Overall hospital mortality was 4.8% (41 patients). There was no significant difference between the proportion of deaths of STEMI and non-ST-elevation ACS patients (6.4% versus 4.8%, respectively; p = 0.578). There were no deaths among patients with non-cardiac chest pain.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Discussion</bold>
      </p>
      <p>In real-life, there are substantial differences between ACS patient populations and clinical trial patient populations, with significant heterogeneity in studies conducted in clinical practice<sup>11,12</sup>.</p>
      <p>Registry data are extremely important because of the information on patients who are frequently left out of clinical trials, such as the elderly or female patients<sup>12</sup>. Additionally, the registries allow an assessment of the acceptance and practice of new treatments by the medical community that tends to resist change despite supportive evidence and guideline recommendations for new types of therapy<sup>12,13</sup>.</p>
      <p>With this registry, we provide a full description of our population of ACS patients; the large number of patients admitted to a center for cardiac emergencies due to ACS (approximately 40% of the hospitalizations per year) may be the most important observation. As these were not patients selected for specific studies, the study corresponds to the 2003 census of this patient population. Therefore, we are able to present the profile of this population and how treatment has been given after clinical trials and recommended guidelines became easily accessible to the medical community.</p>
      <p>Approximately half of the GRACE registry patients were over 65 years of age, and more than one third were women<sup>12</sup>. Similarly, of the ACS patients admitted to the emergency room at our institution, 49.6% were 65 years of age or more and 41.5% were women (male: female ratio of 1:4).</p>
      <p>Among the modalities of ACS, investigators of the ENACT<sup>3</sup> study reported that unstable angina was the most frequent cause of hospital admission (46%), followed by AMI (39%). Data from the GRACE study<sup>1</sup> published in 2002 presented the results of 11,543 patients showing that at discharge 38% of them had a diagnosis of unstable angina, 30% of STEMI, and 25% non-STEMI.</p>
      <p>In this study, of the 860 patients admitted due to ACS, the most frequent diagnosis at discharge was unstable angina (60%), followed by non-STEMI (27.7%), and STEMI (9.1%). Most STEMI patients had experienced an AMI of the anterior wall (52.6%).</p>
      <p>The frequent use of pharmacologic therapies, such as oral acetylsalicylic acid (95.9%) and beta-blockers (87.9%), compares to previous reports issued by institutions with coronary arteriography facilities<sup>1</sup>. Use of acetylsalicylic acid for all modalities of ACS is consistent with guidelines that recommend its use for patients with AMI and unstable angina. The use of beta-blockers was also consistent with current recommendations, particularly for patients with unstable angina<sup>7,8,14,15</sup>.</p>
      <p>A large number of patients were also given intravenous nitrate (86.2%) and anti-thrombin agents (89.9%), the latter prescribed primarily for patients with non-ST-elevation ACS. Some drugs with proven benefits were used less often, such as clopidogrel (35.9%) and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors (6.4%). The use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors was slightly higher than at institutions that do not perform coronary arteriography<sup>1</sup>, which possibly reflects a concern with possible hemorrhagic complications with this class of drugs. Its use was proportionally greater in STEMI patients (16.7% versus 5.6%; p &gt; 0.0001).</p>
      <p>As our institution is a tertiary hospital with an interventional cardiology unit, use of the percutaneous coronary procedure was considerably higher for STEMI patients, and a proportionally higher number of subjects from this population underwent coronary arteriography as compared to non-ST-elevation ACS patients (92.3% <italic>versus</italic> 59.8%; p &lt; 0.0001). Previous reports have shown that coronary arteriography is a procedure routinely performed in STEMI and non-STEMI patients; the difference in frequency depends on the characteristics of the hospital (whether a teaching hospital or a tertiary cardiology care center)<sup>16</sup>. The proportion of patients who undergo coronary arteriography and myocardial revascularization procedures is significantly higher at institutions with easy access to a catheterism unit<sup>16</sup>.</p>
      <p>Percutaneous coronary intervention was indicated in 65.4% of STEMI patients and 25.6% of non-STEMI patients. These percentages are considerably higher than those reported in the ENACT study (8%)<sup>3</sup>. Myocardial revascularization surgery was performed in a small number of subjects and, similar to the GRACE registry reports<sup>1</sup>, was indicated mainly for non-STEMI patients.</p>
      <p>In-hospital mortality of STEMI patients was comparable to data reported in previous registries (6.4%), and was smaller than that reported in the NRMI 3 study (9%)<sup>17</sup>. Likewise, in-hospital mortality of non-ST elevation ACS patients (4.8%) was equivalent to that of the OASIS registry of non-STEMI and unstable angina patients in seven days (5%)<sup>18</sup>.</p>
      <p>Therefore, this registry gives a more realistic picture of our ACS patient population profile and the procedures currently performed at a cardiac emergency center in Brazil. Awareness of our reality may help the medical community adhere more strictly to the procedures set by national and international guidelines.</p>
      <p><italic>Limitations of the study</italic> &#150; as is true for any observational study, data of this registry are limited since information is drawn from a database.</p>
      <p>There is no report on the progression of the disease, success rates according to the myocardial revascularization procedures performed, or outcomes of intercurrent conditions and complications.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Potential Conflict of Interest</bold>
      </p>
      <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <fn id="back10-body2" fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Mailing Address:</p>
          <p> Elizabete Silva dos Santos</p>
          <p> Rua das Rosas, 126/32</p>
          <p> S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil </p>
          <p> E-mail: </p>
          <p>
            <email xlink:href="elizabetessantos@cardiol.br">elizabetessantos@cardiol.br</email>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </p>
      <p> Manuscript received July 7, 2005; revised manuscript received October 17, 2005; accepted October 28, 2005.</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
