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<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" specific-use="sps-1.9" dtd-version="1.1" xml:lang="pt" article-type="case-report">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">nXTsVPC9rJDf5ms9RxbZJ8m</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00022</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2006001500022</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(06)08700222</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2006001500022</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Correla&#231;&#227;o Cl&#237;nico-Radiogr&#225;fica</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Caso 2/2006 - crian&#231;a de tr&#234;s anos com estenose suba&#243;rtica, estenose mitral por valva em p&#225;ra-quedas, estenose supravalvar mitral, coarta&#231;&#227;o da aorta (S&#237;ndrome de Shone) associada a comunica&#231;&#227;o interventricular e canal arterial</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Atik</surname>
            <given-names>Edmar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">FMUSP</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas </institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2006</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>87</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>207</fpage>
      <lpage>208</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2006</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>CORRELA&#199;&#195;O CL&#205;NICO-RADIOGR&#193;FICA</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Caso 2/2006 &#150; crian&#231;a de tr&#234;s anos com estenose suba&#243;rtica, estenose mitral por valva em p&#225;ra-quedas, estenose supravalvar mitral, coarta&#231;&#227;o da aorta (S&#237;ndrome de Shone) associada a comunica&#231;&#227;o interventricular e canal arterial</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Edmar Atik</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da FMUSP - S&#227;o Paulo, SP</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end">Correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>DADOS CL&#205;NICOS</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Crian&#231;a de 3 anos, do sexo masculino e de cor branca, havia sido operada com 3 meses de idade para a corre&#231;&#227;o de grande comunica&#231;&#227;o interventricular perimembranosa de 10 mm de di&#226;metro, pequeno canal arterial e ressec&#231;&#227;o de membrana supravalvar mitral discreta. A melhora da insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca foi n&#237;tida e pesava 3.545 g, na ocasi&#227;o, cerca de 1.000 g a mais que ao nascer. Tornou-se eupn&#233;ico e sem hepatomegalia com 8 meses de idade, quando pesava 6.000 g. Houve reaparecimento de sopro intenso desde 14 meses de idade na borda esternal esquerda, com sinais discretos de coarta&#231;&#227;o da aorta. Acresceu-se com 3 anos de idade, quadro de cansa&#231;o em crises espor&#225;dicas, acompanhado de sudorese, respira&#231;&#227;o entrecortada, de dura&#231;&#227;o entre 15 a 30 minutos. Obteve melhora com diur&#233;tico e digital. Ademais havia outros defeitos extracard&#237;acos como fenda palatina e labial, corrigidos com 18 meses, aus&#234;ncia de conduto auditivo &#224; direita, orelhas mal formadas, hemiv&#233;rtebra, hidrocele e dedos alongados. Ao exame f&#237;sico estava eupn&#233;ico, acian&#243;tico, ativo e com pulsos normais nos quatro membros. O peso era de 9.180 g, a altura 83 cm, a press&#227;o arterial em membro superior esquerdo 100/70 mmHg, a press&#227;o arterial de membro inferior direito 80/50 mmHg e a freq&#252;&#234;ncia card&#237;aca 113 bpm. A aorta n&#227;o foi palpada. No prec&#243;rdio havia discretas impuls&#245;es na borda esternal esquerda e o <italic>ictus cordis </italic>era palpado no 4&#186; espa&#231;o intercostal esquerdo, m&#250;sculo-valvar +, limitado por uma polpa digital. As bulhas eram hiperfon&#233;ticas e havia sopro sist&#243;lico, ++, rude, de eje&#231;&#227;o, na &#225;rea a&#243;rtica, f&#250;rcula e borda esternal esquerda, acompanhado de fr&#234;mito. O f&#237;gado era palpado a 3 cm da reborda costal direita.</p>
    <p>O eletrocardiograma salientou sinais cl&#225;ssicos de bloqueio do ramo direito, presente desde a opera&#173;&#231;&#227;o realizada com 3 meses de idade. S&#194;P:+20&#186;, S&#194;QRS:+150&#186;, S&#194;T:+40<sup> o</sup>. O eletrocardiograma pr&#233;vio &#224; opera&#231;&#227;o mostrava sobrecarga biventricular com predom&#237;nio da direita dada a maior voltagem das ondas S que R de V4 a V6. A onda R em V1 era de 20 mm e o S&#194;QRS situava-se a +150&#186;. </p>
    <p>
      <bold>IMAGEM RADIOGR&#193;FICA</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Mostra &#225;rea card&#237;aca discretamente aumentada com arco esquerdo arredondado e com ponta elevada, duplo contorno &#224; direita por aumento atrial esquerdo, arco m&#233;dio discretamente abaulado e sinais n&#237;tidos de congest&#227;o venocapilar pulmonar com acentua&#231;&#227;o da trama nos lobos superiores (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig01">fig.1</xref>).</p>
    <fig id="fig01">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-87-02-0207-00022-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>
      <bold>IMPRESS&#195;O DIAGN&#211;STICA</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Esta imagem sugere a presen&#231;a de cardiopatia obstrutiva &#224; esquerda com hipertens&#227;o venocapilar pulmonar retr&#243;grada, tipo estenose da valva mitral.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>DIAGN&#211;STICO DIFERENCIAL</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Todas as les&#245;es esten&#243;ticas esquerdas se exteriorizam dessa maneira e devem ser lembradas. O conjunto de defeitos obstrutivos da s&#237;ndrome de Shone tamb&#233;m pode se expor de maneira semelhante, acrescentando a hipertrofia, originada pela estenose suba&#243;rtica e pela coarta&#231;&#227;o da aorta.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>CONFIRMA&#199;&#195;O DIAGN&#211;STICA</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Os elementos cl&#237;nicos orientaram ao diagn&#243;stico da estenose suba&#243;rtica em face do sopro card&#237;aco na &#225;rea a&#243;rtica e irradiado &#224; borda esternal esquerda, ademais &#224; coarta&#231;&#227;o discreta da aorta pelo gradiente de 20 mmHg entre os membros. N&#227;o havia sinais cl&#237;nicos de obstru&#231;&#227;o da valva mitral. A congest&#227;o pulmonar na radiografia de t&#243;rax ajudou-nos no entendimento do raro quadro de dispn&#233;ia parox&#237;stica que o acometia mais recentemente. O ecocardiograma mostrou gradiente de 60 mmHg na via de sa&#237;da do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo por esp&#237;cula subvalvar a&#243;rtica, gradiente de 20 mmHg na regi&#227;o &#237;stmica a&#243;rtica por discreto estreitamento, valva mitral em paraquedas com abertura valvar correspondente a 1,4 cm<sup>2</sup>, considerada n&#227;o obstrutiva. O &#225;trio esquerdo estava aumentado. As medidas corresponderam a ventr&#237;culo direito de 12 mm, di&#226;metro diast&#243;lico de ventr&#237;culo esquerdo de 25 mm, di&#226;metro sist&#243;lico de ventr&#237;culo esquerdo de 12 mm, aorta 19 mm, &#225;trio esquerdo 30 mm, septo 7 mm, parede posterior 6 mm, fra&#231;&#227;o de encurtamento da fibra mioc&#225;rdica de 52% e fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o de 86%. O cateterismo card&#237;aco mostrou os aspectos diagn&#243;sticos mais precisos salientando que a estenose da via de sa&#237;da de ventr&#237;culo esquerdo era acentuada com gradiente de press&#227;o de 90 mmHg, que a estenose valvar mitral era cr&#237;tica levando &#224; press&#227;o m&#233;dia capilar pulmonar a 33 mmHg com gradiente de 15 mmHg em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; press&#227;o diast&#243;lica de ventr&#237;culo esquerdo. A coarta&#231;&#227;o da aorta era discreta com gradiente de 10 mmHg na regi&#227;o &#237;stmica. As press&#245;es foram de 170/18 para o ventr&#237;culo esquerdo, 80/40 para a aorta ascendente, 70/40 para a aorta descendente, 33 o capilar pulmonar e 90/40 mmHg o tronco pulmonar.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>CONDUTA</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Em face da repercuss&#227;o dos defeitos a opera&#231;&#227;o corretiva foi realizada logo a seguir. A valva mitral em p&#225;ra-quedas foi aberta pela incis&#227;o na ponta do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo atrav&#233;s de papilarotomia e por discreta comissurotomia. O anel fibromuscular da via de sa&#237;da do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo foi aliviado atrav&#233;s da incis&#227;o da aorta ascendente e tamb&#233;m pela ponta ventricular. A coarta&#231;&#227;o da aorta n&#227;o foi aliviada dada a discreta repercuss&#227;o da mesma. A evolu&#231;&#227;o foi excelente em face da elimina&#231;&#227;o adequada das obstru&#231;&#245;es.</p>
    <p>
      <fn id="end" fn-type="corresp">
        <label>
          <bold>Correspond&#234;ncia:</bold>
        </label>
        <p> Edmar Atik </p>
        <p> InCor </p>
        <p> Av. Dr. Eneas C. Aguiar, 44 </p>
        <p> 05403-000 &#150; S&#227;o Paulo, SP </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="conatik@incor.usp.br">conatik@incor.usp.br</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p><bold>Editor da Se&#231;&#227;o:</bold> Edmar Atik</p>
  </body>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Clinicalradiological Session</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Case 2/2006 &#8211; three-year-old child with subaortic stenosis, mitral stenosis due to parachute mitral valve, supravalvular mitral stenosis, coarctation of the aorta (Shone syndrome) associated with ventricular septal defect and ductus arteriosus</article-title>
      </title-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>CLINICORADIOLOGICAL SESSION</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Case 2/2006 &#150; three-year-old child with subaortic stenosis, mitral stenosis due to parachute mitral valve, supravalvular mitral stenosis, coarctation of the aorta (Shone syndrome) associated with ventricular septal defect and ductus arteriosus </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Edmar Atik</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da FMUSP - S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</p>
      <p>
        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="nt-body2">Mailing Address</xref>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>CLINICAL FINDINGS</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Three-year-old white male child had undergone surgery at three months of age for correction of a large 10-mm perimembranous ventricular septal defect, small ductus arteriosus, and resection of a mild supravalvular mitral membrane. Improvement of the heart failure was evident and the child weighed 3,545 g at that time, approximately 1,000 g heavier than at birth. He no longer had respiratory distress or liver enlargement at 8 months of age, when he weighed 6,000 g. An intense murmur reappeared as of the 14th month of age on the left sternal border, with mild signs of coarctation of the aorta. At three years of age, he began to present with sporadic episodes of fatigue, accompanied by diaphoresis and gasping that lasted between 15 and 30 minutes. He improved with diuretics and digitalis. Other extracardiac defects such as cleft lip and palate &#150; corrected at the age of 18 months, absence of the right auditory canal, ear malformation, hemivertebra, hydrocele and elongated fingers were present. Physical examination revealed no signs of respiratory distress; the patient was acyanotic, active, and with normal pulses in the four extremities. His weight was 9,180 g, height 83 cm, blood pressure in the left upper extremity was 100/70 mmHg, blood pressure in the right lower extremity was 80/50 mmHg and the heart rate was 113 bpm. The aorta was not palpable. Mild impulses were observed in the precordium, on the left sternal border, and the apical impulse was palpable on the 4th left intercostal space, slightly forceful/tapping, limited to one fingertip. Heart sounds were accentuated and a grade ++ harsh ejection systolic murmur was observed in the aortic area, suprasternal notch, and left sternal border, accompanied by a fremitus. The liver was palpable 3 cm below the right costal margin.</p>
      <p>The electrocardiogram showed classical signs of right bundle branch block, which was present as of the surgical procedure performed at three months of age. S&#194;P:+20&#186;, S&#194;QRS:+150&#186;, S&#194;T:+40<sup> o</sup>. The electrocardiogram prior to surgery showed biventricular overload with predominance of right ventricular overload given the voltage of the S waves, higher than that of the R waves from V4 to V6. V1 showed a 20-mm R wave and S&#194;QRS was at +150<sup> o</sup>. </p>
      <p>
        <bold>RADIOGRAPH IMAGING</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The image shows a slightly enlarged cardiac silhouette with a rounded left border and upwardly displaced apex, double contour at the right side due to enlargement of the left atrium, slight bulging of the middle arch and clear signs of pulmonary venous congestion with more prominent vasculature in the upper lobes (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig01-body2">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
      <fig id="fig01-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-87-02-0207-00022-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>
        <bold>DIAGNOSTIC IMPRESSION</bold>
      </p>
      <p>This image suggests the presence of left obstructive heart disease with a mitral valve stenosis-type retrograde pulmonary venous hypertension.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS</bold>
      </p>
      <p>All left stenotic lesions have a similar presentation and should therefore be considered. The set of obstructive defects of the Shone syndrome may also have a similar presentation, including hypertrophy resulting from subaortic stenosis and from coarction of the aorta. </p>
      <p>
        <bold>DIAGNOSTIC CONFIRMATION</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The clinical findings suggest the diagnosis of subaortic stenosis because of the heart murmur in the aortic area with radiation to the left sternal border, in addition to a mild coarctation of the aorta because of the 20-mmHg gradient between the extremities. No clinical signs of mitral valve obstruction were observed. The pulmonary congestion seen in the chest radiograph helped us understand the rare paroxysmal dyspnea that affected the patient more recently. The echocardiogram showed a 60-mmHg gradient in the left ventricular outflow tract due to a subvalvular aortic ridge, a 20-mmHg gradient at the aortic isthmus due to mild stenosis, a parachute mitral valve with valvular opening corresponding to 1.4 cm<sup>2</sup>, which was considered non obstructive. The left atrium was enlarged. The measurements obtained were: right ventricle 12 mm, diastolic diameter of left ventricle 25 mm, systolic diameter of left ventricle 12 mm, aorta 19 mm, left atrium 30 mm, septum 7mm, posterior wall 6 mm, a 52% shortening fraction, and an 86% ejection fraction. Cardiac catheterization showed more precise diagnostic aspects, emphasizing that the stenosis in the left ventricular outflow tract was intense with a 90-mmHg pressure gradient, and that the mitral valve stenosis was critical leading to a 33-mmHg mean pulmonary capillary pressure with a 15-mmHg gradient in relation to the diastolic pressure of the left ventricle. There was mild coarctation of the aorta with a 10-mmHg gradient at the isthmus. Pressures were 170/18 for the left ventricle, 80/40 for the ascending aorta, 70/40 for the descending aorta, 33 for the pulmonary capillary and 90/40 mmHg for the pulmonary trunk.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>MANAGEMENT</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Because of the repercussion of the defects, corrective surgery was performed promptly. The parachute mitral valve was opened through an incision in the apex of the left ventricle using papillarotomy and a small comissurotomy. The fibromuscular ring of the left ventricular outflow tract was relieved with an incision in the descending aorta and through the ventricular apex. The coarctation of the aorta was not relieved because of its mild repercussion. The outcome was excellent due to the adequate elimination of the obstructions.</p>
      <p>
        <fn id="nt-body2" fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Mailing Address:</p>
          <p> Edmar Atik </p>
          <p> InCor &#150; Av. Dr. Eneas C. Aguiar, 44 </p>
          <p> 05403-000 &#150; S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</p>
        </fn>
      </p>
      <p><bold>Section Editor:</bold> Edmar Atik</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
