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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">whTxsSrBsct89xXgbCY7GKm</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00002</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2006001500002</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(06)08700202</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2006001500002</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Pept&#237;deos natriur&#233;ticos no progn&#243;stico de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Isakson</surname>
            <given-names>Susan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Maisel</surname>
            <given-names>Alan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">San Diego</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">CA</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade da Calif&#243;rnia</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Sistema de Sa&#250;de para Veteranos </institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Departamento de Medicina</institution>
        <country country="US">USA</country>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2006</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>87</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>73</fpage>
      <lpage>74</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2006</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>EDITORIAL</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Pept&#237;deos natriur&#233;ticos no progn&#243;stico de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Susan Isakson BA; Alan Maisel MD FACC</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Divis&#227;o de Cardiologia e Departamento de Medicina do Sistema de Sa&#250;de para Veteranos e Universidade da Calif&#243;rnia, San Diego - San Diego, CA - USA</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end">Correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p>A insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva (ICC) &#233; uma s&#237;ndrome cl&#237;nica freq&#252;entemente caracterizada por press&#245;es de enchimento ventricular esquerdo elevadas (PDFVE). O tratamento da ICC descompensada visa a normalizar as press&#245;es de enchimento, levando, portanto, a uma melhora dos sintomas e dos resultados. Entretanto, o tratamento orientado por medidas diretas de press&#227;o de enchimento n&#227;o &#233; pr&#225;tico na maioria dos pacientes, concentrando-se aten&#231;&#227;o em medidas substitutivas n&#227;o invasivas de PDFVE para a individualiza&#231;&#227;o do tratamento da insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca. </p>
    <p>Os n&#237;veis de pept&#237;deos natriur&#233;ticos (PN) est&#227;o intimamente correlacionados com a PDFVE, que est&#225; sempre elevada na insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca descompensada. Na aus&#234;ncia de insufici&#234;ncia mitral aguda e edema pulmonar agudo e na presen&#231;a de sobrecarga de volume, os n&#237;veis de PN s&#227;o uma indica&#231;&#227;o &#250;til da press&#227;o capilar pulmonar (PCPE). Em um estudo de Kazanegra e cols., foram verificados os n&#237;veis de BNP e par&#226;metros hemodin&#226;micos a cada 2 horas nas primeiras 24 horas e a cada 4 horas nas pr&#243;ximas 24-48 horas nos pacientes internados por ICC descompensada. Houve redu&#231;&#227;o da PCPE de 33 para 25 mmHg nas primeiras 24 horas, enquanto que os n&#237;veis de BNP diminu&#237;ram de 1472 para 670 pg/ml. No entanto, n&#227;o foi observada nenhuma altera&#231;&#227;o no BNP em pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca em fase terminal, mesmo com a queda da press&#227;o capilar pulmonar<sup>1</sup>.</p>
    <p>No estudo de Pereira-Barretto e cols.<sup>2</sup>, nesta edi&#231;&#227;o (<italic>O N&#237;vel S&#233;rico de NT-proBNP &#233; um Preditor Progn&#243;stico em Pacientes com Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca Avan&#231;ada</italic>) 105 indiv&#237;duos com comprometimento da fun&#231;&#227;o de VE e sintomas importantes foram avaliados em termos de n&#237;veis basais de PN e mortalidade subseq&#252;ente. Os n&#237;veis de pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico, neste caso, de NT-proBNP, foram fortes preditores de sobrevida de 90 dias. Apesar das limita&#231;&#245;es do desenho do estudo (heterogeneidade de pacientes, escassez de eventos e aus&#234;ncia de amostragem seriada), este estudo se soma a um crescente conjunto de evid&#234;ncias de que os pept&#237;deos natriur&#233;ticos, dosados no per&#237;odo de descompensa&#231;&#227;o, fornecem uma estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco importante. </p>
    <p>Os n&#237;veis de PN s&#227;o ferramentas &#250;teis na avalia&#231;&#227;o de pacientes mesmo antes da hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o. O estudo REDHOT (<italic>Rapid Emergency Department Heart Failure Outpatient Trial</italic>) examinou a rela&#231;&#227;o entre a gravidade da doen&#231;a conforme percebida pelos m&#233;dicos e a gravidade indicada pelos n&#237;veis de BNP. Os pacientes que receberam alta hospitalar apresentavam n&#237;veis mais elevados de BNP dos que os internados para tratamento. O n&#237;vel m&#233;dio de BNP para os pacientes que receberam alta foi de 976 pg/ml, quando comparado a um valor m&#233;dio de BNP de 766 pg/ml para os pacientes que foram internados. Os pacientes com n&#237;veis de BNP menores do que 200 pg/ml tiveram um progn&#243;stico excelente, com mortalidade de 0% aos 30 dias e de apenas 2% aos 90 dias<sup>3</sup>.</p>
    <p>A inclus&#227;o dos PNs no processo de decis&#227;o cl&#237;nica tem-se mostrado economicamente vantajosa e capaz de melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados no contexto hospitalar e de emerg&#234;ncia. O estudo BASEL na Su&#237;&#231;a explorou a vantagem de custo do uso do teste de BNP como auxiliar das ferramentas cl&#237;nicas padr&#227;o. Os pacientes admitidos no estudo foram randomizados em um dos dois grupos &#150; dosagem de n&#237;vel de BNP sangu&#237;neo &#224; chegada no Departamento de Emerg&#234;ncia e durante a interna&#231;&#227;o, ou grupo de cuidados-padr&#227;o sem usar os n&#237;veis de BNP. Os pacientes submetidos ao teste de BNP &#224; chegada apresentaram 10% menos interna&#231;&#245;es, menor perman&#234;ncia hospitalar em m&#233;dia de tr&#234;s dias, e custo total m&#233;dio do tratamento 26% menor. Isto sugere que o uso de BNP na avalia&#231;&#227;o de dispn&#233;ia aguda melhora o custo e a qualidade do atendimento<sup>4</sup>.</p>
    <p>Altera&#231;&#245;es nos n&#237;veis de PN durante a interna&#231;&#227;o s&#227;o indicadores progn&#243;sticos importantes do estado de sa&#250;de do paciente durante os meses subseq&#252;entes a uma interna&#231;&#227;o por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca. Em um estudo, apenas 16% dos pacientes com queda nos n&#237;veis de BNP durante a interna&#231;&#227;o apresentaram evento card&#237;aco subseq&#252;ente, enquanto que 52% dos que apresentaram aumento dos n&#237;veis de BNP durante o tratamento foram reinternados ou evolu&#237;ram para morte card&#237;aca. Os pacientes cujos n&#237;veis de BNP &#224; alta ca&#237;ram abaixo de 430 pg/ml apresentaram uma probabilidade razo&#225;vel de n&#227;o serem reinternados dentro dos 30 dias subseq&#252;entes<sup>5</sup>. Esses dados foram corroborados por um estudo de Bettencourt e cols. que verificaram que a aus&#234;ncia de queda dos n&#237;veis de BNP durante a interna&#231;&#227;o foi fator preditivo de morte/reinterna&#231;&#227;o e que n&#237;veis &#224; alta &lt; 250 pg/ml foram preditivos de sobreviv&#234;ncia livre de eventos <sup>6</sup>.</p>
    <p>As medidas de PN durante a interna&#231;&#227;o provavelmente devem ser obtidas no m&#237;nimo &#224; admiss&#227;o e &#224; alta. Os n&#237;veis de PN medidos 24 horas ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio do tratamento t&#234;m-se mostrado &#250;teis para se determinar se o paciente necessita de tratamento mais agressivo. Pacientes portadores de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca no estado euvol&#234;mico apresentam um n&#237;vel "seco" de PN elevado, mas moderadamente est&#225;vel. Observa-se um aumento importante dos n&#237;veis de PN nesses pacientes quando h&#225; sobrecarga aguda de volume. Em rela&#231;&#227;o ao BNP, n&#237;veis &lt;200-300 pg/ml provavelmente representam um estado euvol&#234;mico verdadeiro. &#201; importante estabelecer o n&#237;vel seco de BNP do paciente &#224; alta com o prop&#243;sito de individualizar o tratamento de modo a atingir condi&#231;&#245;es ideais e para posteriormente monitorar o estado de volemia ambulatorialmente.</p>
    <p>Nos pacientes em que n&#227;o se verifica queda dos n&#237;veis de PN com o tratamento, v&#225;rias poss&#237;veis causas devem ser consideradas. Pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca classe funcional IV da NYHA possuem n&#237;veis "secos" de BNP muito altos e, portanto, n&#237;veis altos de BNP podem n&#227;o necessariamente refletir sobrecarga aguda de volume. Pacientes com edema perif&#233;rico importante e/ou ascite grave podem n&#227;o apresentar uma diminui&#231;&#227;o imediata dos n&#237;veis de PN. Nesses pacientes, uma diminui&#231;&#227;o de PN pode ser observada apenas ap&#243;s a elimina&#231;&#227;o de v&#225;rios litros de urina. Este efeito decorre da mobiliza&#231;&#227;o e excre&#231;&#227;o de volume do terceiro espa&#231;o precedendo qualquer redu&#231;&#227;o direta na press&#227;o capilar pulmonar. Quando n&#227;o h&#225; queda do n&#237;vel de PN com o tratamento, tamb&#233;m &#233; poss&#237;vel que a causa prim&#225;ria dos sintomas n&#227;o seja insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca aguda descompensada, devendo-se considerar outros diagn&#243;sticos diferenciais. A piora da fun&#231;&#227;o renal durante a diurese tamb&#233;m pode paradoxalmente causar n&#237;veis aumentados de PN.</p>
    <p>O tratamento individualizado e consultas m&#233;dicas ap&#243;s a alta hospitalar com base nos n&#237;veis de BNP &#224; alta passaram a ser conduta comum. Logeart e cols. observaram que os pacientes que receberam alta com n&#237;veis de BNP acima de 350 pg/mL apresentavam risco muito maior de eventos adversos do que aqueles com n&#237;veis menores. Al&#233;m disso, os pacientes com n&#237;veis de BNP &#224; alta maiores que 700 pg/mL apresentavam uma preval&#234;ncia de 31% de morte ou reinterna&#231;&#227;o por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca um m&#234;s depois. Essa preval&#234;ncia aumentou para 93% ap&#243;s seis meses<sup>7</sup>. </p>
    <p>Como mostrado por Pereira-Barretto e cols. nesta edi&#231;&#227;o, os pept&#237;deos natriur&#233;ticos t&#234;m-se tornado ferramentas cada vez mais importantes na avalia&#231;&#227;o e tratamento de pacientes portadores de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca descompensada. PNs n&#227;o s&#227;o exames independentes e h&#225; uma curva de aprendizado associada ao seu uso. Novas pesquisas provavelmente ajudar&#227;o a elucidar e refinar nossa compreens&#227;o e uso cl&#237;nico dos n&#237;veis de pept&#237;deos natriur&#233;ticos.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>REFER&#202;NCIAS</bold>
    </p>
    <p>1. Kazanegra R, Cheng V, Garcia A, et al. A rapid test for B-type natriuretic peptide correlates with falling wedge pressures in patients treated for decompensated heart failure: a pilot study. J Card Fail. 2001;7:21-9.</p>
    <p>2. Pereira-Barretto AC, Oliveira Jr MT, Strunz CC, Del Carlo CH, Scipioni AR, Ramires JAF. O n&#237;vel s&#233;rico de NT-proBNP &#233; um preditor progn&#243;stico em pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca avan&#231;ada. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2006; 87:174-77<bold>.</bold></p>
    <p>3. Maisel A, Hollander JE, Guss D, et al. Primary results of the Rapid Emergency Department Heart Failure Outpatient Trial (REDHOT). A multicenter study of B-type natriuretic peptide levels, emergency department decision making, and outcomes in patients presenting with shortness of breath. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44:1328-33.</p>
    <p>4. Mueller C, Scholer A, Laule-Kilian K, et al. Use of B-type natriuretic peptide in the evaluation and management of acute dyspnea. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:647-54.</p>
    <p>5. Cheng V, Kazanagra R, Garcia A, et al. A rapid bedside test for B-type peptide predicts treatment outcomes in patients admitted for decompensated heart failure: a pilot study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37:386-91.</p>
    <p>6 Bettencourt P, Ferreira S, Azevedo A, et al. Preliminary data on the potential usefulness of B-type natriuretic peptide levels in predicting outcome after hospital discharge in patients with heart failure. Am J Med. 2002;113:215-19.</p>
    <p>7. Logeart D, Thabut G, Jourdain P, et al. Predischarge B-type natriuretic peptide assay for identifying patients at high risk of re-admission after decompensated heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:635-41.</p>
    <p>
      <fn id="end" fn-type="corresp">
        <p>Correspond&#234;ncia:</p>
        <p> Alan Maisel MD </p>
        <p> VAMC Cardiology 111-A - 3350 La Jolla Village Drive </p>
        <p> San Diego, CA 92161 &#150; USA </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p><email xlink:href="eliasj@terra.com.br">eliasj@terra.com.br</email>, </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="jeneto@cardiol.br">jeneto@cardiol.br</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
  </body>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Natriuretic peptides as prognosticators in congestive heart failure</article-title>
      </title-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>EDITORIAL</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Natriuretic peptides as prognosticators in congestive heart failure </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Susan Isakson BA; Alan Maisel MD FACC</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Divis&#227;o de Cardiologia e Departamento de Medicina do Sistema de Sa&#250;de para Veteranos e Universidade da Calif&#243;rnia, San Diego - San Diego, CA - USA</p>
      <p>
        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end-body2">Correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
      </p>
      <p>Decompensated congestive heart failure (CHF) is a clinical syndrome often characterized by elevated left ventricular filling pressures (LVEDP). Therapy for decompensated CHF aims at normalizing filling pressures and thereby improves both symptoms and outcomes. However, therapy guided by direct measurements of filling pressure is not practical in most patients, focusing attention on non-invasive surrogate measures of LVEDP for tailoring of heart failure therapy.</p>
      <p>Natiruretic peptide levels (NP) are closely correlated with LVEDP, which is consistently elevated in decompensated heart failure. In the absence of acute mitral regurgitation and flash pulmonary edema, and in the presence of volume overload, NP levels are a useful indication of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP). In a study by Kazenegra et al, patients admitted for decompensated CHF had BNP levels and hemodynamic measurements taken every 2 hours for the first 24 hours and every four hours for the next 24-48 hours. PCWP showed a decrease from 33 to 25 mmHg over the first 24 hours, while BNP levels decreased from 1472 to 670 pg/ml. However, no change in BNP was noted in patients with end-stage heart failure, even as wedge pressures dropped<sup>1</sup>. </p>
      <p>In the study by Pereia-Barretto et al<sup>2</sup>, in this issue (<italic>Serum NT-proBNP levels are a prognostic predictor in patients with advanced heart failure</italic>), 105 subjects with poor LV function and significant symptoms were evaluated in terms of baseline NP levels and subsequent mortality. Natriuretic peptide levels, in this case, NT-proBNP, were strong predictors of 90 day survival. Despite the limitations of the study design (patient heterogeneity, paucity of events, and absence of serial sampling), the paper adds to a growing body of evidence that natriuretic peptides, measured in the decompensated period, provide significant risk stratification.</p>
      <p>NP levels are useful tools in the assessment of patients even prior to hospitalization. The Rapid Emergency Department Heart Failure Outpatient Trial (REDHOT) examined the relationship between perceived severity of disease by physicians and severity as indicated by BNP levels. Patients who were discharged from the hospital had higher BNP levels than those admitted for treatment. The median BNP level for discharged patients was 976 pg/ml, compared with a mean BNP of 766 pg/ml for patients who were admitted to the hospital. Patients with BNP levels less than 200 pg/ml had an excellent prognosis, with a mortality of 0% at 30 days and only 2% at 90 days<sup>3</sup>.</p>
      <p>The inclusion of NPs in clinical decision-making has been shown to be cost effective and to improve quality of care in the emergency and hospital settings. The BASEL study in Switzerland explored the cost effectiveness of using the BNP test as an adjunct to the standard clinical tools. Patients enrolled in the study were randomized to one of two groups- utilize BNP blood testing upon arrival in the ED and throughout hospitalization and standard care group without using BNP levels. Patients who received a BNP test upon presentation were shown to have 10% fewer admissions, decreased length of hospital stay by a mean of 3 days, and lower mean total cost of treatment of 26%. This suggests that use of BNP in evaluating acute dyspnea improves both the cost and quality of care<sup>4</sup>.</p>
      <p>Changes in NP levels during hospitalizations are important prognostic indicators of a patient's health during the months following a heart failure admission. In one study, only 16% of patients with a fall in BNP levels during hospitalization had a subsequent cardiac event, while 52% of those with rising BNP levels during treatment had either readmission or cardiac death. Patients whose discharge BNP levels fell below 430 pg/mL had a reasonable likelihood of not being readmitted within the following 30 days<sup>5</sup>. This data was supported by a study by Bettencourt et al who found that failure of BNP levels to fall over the hospitalization predicts death/rehospitalization and that discharge levels &lt; 250 pg/ml predicted event free survival<sup>6</sup>. </p>
      <p>NP measurements during hospitalization should probably be obtained at the very least on admission and discharge. NP levels taken 24 hours after the initiation of treatment have proven to be useful in determining whether the patient is in need of more aggressive treatment. Heart failure patients in the euvolemic state have an elevated, but moderately stable, "dry" NP level. A significant increase in NP levels is seen in these patients in the setting of acute volume overload. With regard to BNP, levels &lt;200-300 pg/ml are likely representative of a true euvolemic state. It is important to establish a patient's dry BNP level at discharge for the purpose of tailoring treatment to reach an optimal condition and for subsequent outpatient monitoring of volume status.</p>
      <p>In patients whose NP levels fail to fall with treatment, several possible causes should be considered. Patients with NYHA functional class IV heart failure may have very high "dry" BNP levels, and therefore high BNP levels may not necessarily reflect acute volume overload. Patients with significant peripheral edema and/or severe ascites may not show an immediate decrease in NP levels. A NP decrease may only be seen in these patients after of several liters of urine output. This effect is due to mobilization and excretion of third space volume prior to any direct reduction in wedge pressure. When a NP level does not fall with treatment, it is also possible that the primary cause of symptoms is not acute decompensated heart failure, and further differential diagnoses should be considered. Worsening renal function during diuresis can also cause paradoxically increased NP levels.</p>
      <p>Tailoring treatment and post-discharge clinic visits based on discharge BNP levels is now a common practice. Logeart et al found that patients discharged with BNP levels above 350 pg/ml were at much higher risk of adverse events than those with lower BNPs. Additionally, patients with discharge BNP levels greater than 700 pg/ml had a 31% prevalence of death or heart failure readmission after one month. This prevalence increased to 93% after six months<sup>7</sup>.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>CONCLUSION</bold>
      </p>
      <p>As illustrated in this issue by Barretto et al natriuretic peptides have become increasingly important tools for the evaluation and management of patients with decompensated heart failure, NPs are not stand-alone tests and there is a learning curve associated with their use. Further research is likely to help elucidate and refine our understanding and clinical use of the natriuretic peptide levels.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>REFERENCES</bold>
      </p>
      <p>1. Kazanegra R, Cheng V, Garcia A, et al. A rapid test for B-type natriuretic peptide correlates with falling wedge pressures in patients treated for decompensated heart failure: a pilot study. J Card Fail. 2001;7:21-9.</p>
      <p>2. Pereira-Barretto ACP, Oliveira Jr MT, Strunz CC, Del Carlo CH, Scipioni AR, Ramires JAF. O n&#237;vel s&#233;rico de NT-proBNP &#233; um excelente preditor progn&#243;stico em pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca avan&#231;ada. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2006; 87:174-77<bold>.</bold> </p>
      <p>3. Maisel A, Hollander JE, Guss D, et al. Primary results of the Rapid Emergency Department Heart Failure Outpatient Trial (REDHOT). A multicenter study of B-type natriuretic peptide levels, emergency department decision making, and outcomes in patients presenting with shortness of breath. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44:1328-33.</p>
      <p>4. Mueller C, Scholer A, Laule-Kilian K, et al. Use of B-type natriuretic peptide in the evaluation and management of acute dyspnea. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:647-54.</p>
      <p>5. Cheng V, Kazanagra R, Garcia A, et al. A rapid bedside test for B-type peptide predicts treatment outcomes in patients admitted for decompensated heart failure: a pilot study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37:386-91.</p>
      <p>6 Bettencourt P, Ferreira S, Azevedo A, et al. Preliminary data on the potential usefulness of B-type natriuretic peptide levels in predicting outcome after hospital discharge in patients with heart failure. Am J Med. 2002;113:215-19.</p>
      <p>7. Logeart D, Thabut G, Jourdain P, et al. Predischarge B-type natriuretic peptide assay for identifying patients at high risk of re-admission after decompensated heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:635-41.</p>
      <p>
        <fn id="end-body2" fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Correspond&#234;ncia:</p>
          <p> Alan Maisel MD</p>
          <p> VAMC Cardiology 111-A - 3350 La Jolla Village Drive</p>
          <p> San Diego, CA 92161 - USA</p>
          <p> E-mail: </p>
          <p><email xlink:href="eliasj@terra.com.br">eliasj@terra.com.br</email>, </p>
          <p>
            <email xlink:href="jeneto@cardiol.br">jeneto@cardiol.br </email>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
