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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">M8Pf8bx6h7ZWyKVp5bRhtvk</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00012</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2006000500012</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(06)08600512</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2006000500012</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Terapia celular na cardiomiopatia dilatada</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Martino</surname>
            <given-names>Helena Furtado</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo S&#233;rgio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Assun&#231;&#227;o</surname>
            <given-names>Edmilson</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Villela</surname>
            <given-names>Rita</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gaze</surname>
            <given-names>Miriam</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Costa</surname>
            <given-names>Patr&#237;cia C. dos Santos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Souza</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando C&#233;sar Castro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Weitzel</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Henrique</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Velloso</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Paula R.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira J&#250;nior</surname>
            <given-names>Amarino</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Carvalho</surname>
            <given-names>Ant&#244;nio C. Campos de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state"/>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital Pr&#243;card&#237;aco </institution>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2006</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>86</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>390</fpage>
      <lpage>392</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>30</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2005</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>03</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2005</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Homem de 41 anos em insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca sist&#243;lica, CF III NYHA, est&#225;gio cl&#237;nico C, por cardiomiopatia dilatada, foi submetido ao transplante aut&#243;logo da fra&#231;&#227;o mononuclear da medula &#243;ssea, via sistema arterial coronariano, atrav&#233;s de cateterismo card&#237;aco. Dois meses ap&#243;s o procedimento, houve diminui&#231;&#227;o do BNP plasm&#225;tico, diminui&#231;&#227;o da &#225;rea card&#237;aca ao estudo radiol&#243;gico do t&#243;rax e &#224; resson&#226;ncia nuclear magn&#233;tica. O ecocardiograma demonstrou diminui&#231;&#227;o do fluxo regurgitante secund&#225;rio a dilata&#231;&#227;o do anel mitral. Na ergoespirometria houve melhor desempenho, com aumento do consumo m&#225;ximo de oxig&#234;nio, sendo poss&#237;vel redu&#231;&#227;o da terap&#234;utica medicamentosa. A aus&#234;ncia de eventos adversos caracterizados por: instabilidade cl&#237;nica/hemodin&#226;mica, altera&#231;&#227;o enzim&#225;tica ou eletrocardiogr&#225;fica apontam para seguran&#231;a e exeq&#252;ibilidade deste procedimento realizado e descrito com pioneirismo na cardiomiopatia dilatada.</p>
      </abstract>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>29</day>
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2006</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold> RELATO DE CASO</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Terapia celular na cardiomiopatia dilatada </bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Helena Furtado Martino; Paulo S&#233;rgio Oliveira; Edmilson Assun&#231;&#227;o; Rita Villela; Miriam Gaze; Patr&#237;cia C. dos Santos Costa; Fernando C&#233;sar Castro Souza; Luiz Henrique Weitzel; Ana Paula R. Velloso; Amarino Oliveira J&#250;nior; Ant&#244;nio C. Campos de Carvalho</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Laranjeiras, Hospital Pr&#243;card&#237;aco - Rio de Janeiro, RJ</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="back10">Correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>RESUMO</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Homem de 41 anos em insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca sist&#243;lica, CF III NYHA, est&#225;gio cl&#237;nico C, por cardiomiopatia dilatada, foi submetido ao transplante aut&#243;logo da fra&#231;&#227;o mononuclear da medula &#243;ssea, via sistema arterial coronariano, atrav&#233;s de cateterismo card&#237;aco. Dois meses ap&#243;s o procedimento, houve diminui&#231;&#227;o do BNP plasm&#225;tico, diminui&#231;&#227;o da &#225;rea card&#237;aca ao estudo radiol&#243;gico do t&#243;rax e &#224; resson&#226;ncia nuclear magn&#233;tica. O ecocardiograma demonstrou diminui&#231;&#227;o do fluxo regurgitante secund&#225;rio a dilata&#231;&#227;o do anel mitral. Na ergoespirometria houve melhor desempenho, com aumento do consumo m&#225;ximo de oxig&#234;nio, sendo poss&#237;vel redu&#231;&#227;o da terap&#234;utica medicamentosa. A aus&#234;ncia de eventos adversos caracterizados por: instabilidade cl&#237;nica/hemodin&#226;mica, altera&#231;&#227;o enzim&#225;tica ou eletrocardiogr&#225;fica apontam para seguran&#231;a e exeq&#252;ibilidade deste procedimento realizado e descrito com pioneirismo na cardiomiopatia dilatada.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>INTRODU&#199;&#195;O</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Apesar dos progressos no controle medicamentoso da insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca sist&#243;lica cr&#244;nica, est&#225;gio evolutivo de v&#225;rias cardiopatias, entre elas a cardiomiopatia dilatada, o n&#250;mero de indiv&#237;duos que apresentam a s&#237;ndrome cresce mundialmente, tornando-a um grave problema de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica. Para um n&#250;mero ainda expressivo de indiv&#237;duos, a s&#237;ndrome progride mesmo com o tratamento medicamentoso. Assim, a insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca de Classe Funcional III e IV da New York Heart Association tem sido uma das principais causas de interna&#231;&#245;es, consumindo grande parte dos recursos aplicados em sa&#250;de e com alta taxa de mortalidade (40% ao ano). O desenvolvimento de novos procedimentos terap&#234;uticos de baixo custo e risco, como o implante mioc&#225;rdico de c&#233;lulas-tronco obtidas atrav&#233;s de aspirado de medula &#243;ssea do pr&#243;prio indiv&#237;duo, constitui promissora op&#231;&#227;o terap&#234;utica para estas formas avan&#231;adas. A partir da d&#233;cada de 90, in&#250;meros trabalhos experimentais em modelos animais de les&#227;o card&#237;aca demonstraram a capacidade de c&#233;lulas derivadas da medula &#243;ssea em melhorar a performance do cora&#231;&#227;o, quando injetadas diretamente no mioc&#225;rdio ou na circula&#231;&#227;o sist&#234;mica. No in&#237;cio do novo mil&#234;nio, os conhecimentos gerados nos modelos experimentais come&#231;aram a ser aplicados na cl&#237;nica. Em trabalho pioneiro, Menasch&#233; e cols. realizaram o transplante de c&#233;lulas-sat&#233;lite de m&#250;sculo esquel&#233;tico para o cora&#231;&#227;o de um paciente idoso com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca refrat&#225;ria, na Fran&#231;a<sup>1</sup>. A seguir, dois grupos na Alemanha e um em Hong-Kong utilizaram c&#233;lulas mononucleares de medula &#243;ssea no tratamento de pacientes com doen&#231;a isqu&#234;mica<sup>2-4</sup>. No Brasil, no &#226;mbito do projeto do Instituto do Mil&#234;nio de Bioengenharia Tecidual, foram utilizadas estas mesmas c&#233;lulas no tratamento de pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca p&#243;s-isqu&#234;mica<sup>5</sup> e mais recentemente em pacientes com cardiopatia chag&#225;sica cr&#244;nica<sup>6</sup>.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>RELATO DO CASO</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Homem de 41 anos, h&#225; 12 anos com sintomas progressivos de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca sist&#243;lica por cardiomiopatia dilatada. Nos &#250;ltimos dois anos apresentava intensa limita&#231;&#227;o funcional, cansa&#231;o ao tomar banho e epis&#243;dios de ortopn&#233;ia e dispn&#233;ia parox&#237;stica noturna. Marcadores inflamat&#243;rios e provas sorol&#243;gicas (inclusive para doen&#231;a de Chagas) negativos. Circula&#231;&#227;o coronariana livre de les&#245;es obstrutivas &#224; cineangiocoronariografia. O paciente encontrava-se com terap&#234;utica otimizada em Cl&#237;nica de Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca, fazendo uso di&#225;rio de Digoxina 0,25mg, Furosemida 80mg, Espironolactona 25mg, Captopril 75mg, Carvedilol 50mg. Ao exame f&#237;sico, o paciente apresentava peso de 66,4 Kg, press&#227;o arterial (PA) de 100/60 mmHg, freq&#252;&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (FC) de 76 bpm, freq&#252;&#234;ncia respirat&#243;ria (FR) de 20 irpm, ritmo card&#237;aco regular com B3, sopro holossist&#243;lico 3+/6+ com irradia&#231;&#227;o para o dorso, murm&#250;rio vesicular aud&#237;vel sem ru&#237;dos advent&#237;cios e f&#237;gado palp&#225;vel a 1cm do rebordo costal direito, sem edema de membros inferiores. Ap&#243;s informa&#231;&#227;o e consentimento, o paciente foi submetido a: teste de qualidade de vida de Minnesota; radiografia de t&#243;rax; dosagem do BNP plasm&#225;tico, de marcadores inflamat&#243;rios e de enzimas s&#233;ricas; resson&#226;ncia nuclear magn&#233;tica; ecocardiograma; eletrocardiograma de 12 deriva&#231;&#245;es; Holter 24 horas; ergoespirometria e estudo hemodin&#226;mico.</p>
    <p>Para implante das c&#233;lulas no cora&#231;&#227;o, foi aspirado 50mL de medula &#243;ssea das cristas il&#237;acas do paciente e separada a fra&#231;&#227;o mononuclear ap&#243;s pr&#233;-filtragem (sistema de filtro de medula &#243;ssea da Universidade de Washington &#150; EUA) e centrifuga&#231;&#227;o em gradiente de Ficoll. Ap&#243;s ressuspens&#227;o para 20 mL em soro aut&#243;logo 10<sup>8</sup> c&#233;lulas foram injetadas no sistema arterial coronariano (10 mL na DA, 4 mL na CX, 6 mL da CD) sem ocorr&#234;ncia de dor, arritmia ou instabilidade hemodin&#226;mica durante o procedimento e no p&#243;s imediato.</p>
    <p>A monitora&#231;&#227;o eletrocardiogr&#225;fica e enzim&#225;tica foi realizada durante as primeiras 24 horas p&#243;s-procedimento, em ambiente de terapia intensiva, n&#227;o havendo altera&#231;&#245;es nestes par&#226;metros (<xref ref-type="table" rid="tabela1">tab. 1</xref>).</p>
    <table-wrap id="tabela1">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-86-05-0390-00012-gt01.jpg"/></table-wrap>
    <p>Setenta e duas horas ap&#243;s o procedimento, o paciente recebeu alta hospitalar, retornando quinzenalmente para consultas de acompanhamento e, ao completar dois meses, os exames descritos acima foram repetidos. Ao exame f&#237;sico observamos que o paciente manteve-se sem altera&#231;&#227;o de peso (66,5 kg), com PA de 100/60 mmHg, FC de 60 bpm, FR de 18 irpm, em ritmo card&#237;aco regular, mas sem B3, e com redu&#231;&#227;o do sopro holossist&#243;lico, agora de 1+/6+ e sem irradia&#231;&#227;o. O question&#225;rio de Minnesota apresentou um escore inicial de 63, tendo diminu&#237;do ap&#243;s a terapia celular para 39. A radiografia de t&#243;rax revelou um &#237;ndice card&#237;aco tor&#225;cico pr&#233;-tratamento de 0,55 e p&#243;s-terapia de 0,48 (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="figura1">fig.1</xref>). A resson&#226;ncia tamb&#233;m demonstrou uma diminui&#231;&#227;o dos volumes sist&#243;lico e diast&#243;lico de VE, que passaram de 302 mL (VSF) e 371 mL (VDF) pr&#233;-tratamento, para 217 e 263 mL, respectivamente, ap&#243;s a terapia celular (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="figura2">fig.2</xref>). Entretanto, n&#227;o houve altera&#231;&#227;o na fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o que se manteve em torno de 17% (m&#233;todo de Simpson).</p>
    <fig id="figura1">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-86-05-0390-00012-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    <fig id="figura2">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-86-05-0390-00012-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>Os n&#237;veis plasm&#225;ticos de BNP variaram de 118 pg/mL (pr&#233;) para 39 pg/mL (p&#243;s). Ao ecocardiograma observou-se melhora na insufici&#234;ncia mitral como ilustrado na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="figura3">figura 3</xref>.</p>
    <fig id="figura3">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-86-05-0390-00012-gf03.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>A melhora observada nas vari&#225;veis citadas foi acom&#173;panhada por melhor desempenho &#224; ergoespirometria como ilustrado na <xref ref-type="table" rid="tabela2">tabela 2</xref>. A destacar que o paciente que se encontrava em grupo funcional III, por ergoespirometria, antes da terapia, evoluiu para grupo funcional II ap&#243;s o tratamento. A evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica favor&#225;vel do paciente nos permitiu diminuir a terap&#234;utica medicamentosa com a redu&#231;&#227;o da dosagem di&#225;ria de furosemida (40mg) e espironolactona (12,5 mg).</p>
    <table-wrap id="tabela2">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-86-05-0390-00012-gt02.jpg"/></table-wrap>
    <p>
      <bold>DISCUSS&#195;O</bold>
    </p>
    <p>A terapia celular tem sido aplicada a pacientes com cardiopatia isqu&#234;mica aguda e cr&#244;nica, atrav&#233;s da libera&#231;&#227;o intracoronariana de c&#233;lulas de medula &#243;ssea ou de sua inje&#231;&#227;o intramioc&#225;rdica<sup>1-5</sup>. Os mecanismos de a&#231;&#227;o das CMMO ainda n&#227;o est&#227;o esclarecidos, e h&#225; grande controv&#233;rsia na literatura sobre sua capacidade de regenera&#231;&#227;o de cardiomi&#243;citos<sup>7-9</sup>. Ainda assim, em todos os modelos animais de cardiopatia e nos ensaios cl&#237;nicos at&#233; aqui realizados, estas c&#233;lulas promoveram melhora de fun&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca, embora estes estudos tenham sido realizados com o principal intuito de testar a seguran&#231;a e exeq&#252;ibilidade deste novo procedimento.</p>
    <p>Em pacientes com cardiopatia chag&#225;sica cr&#244;nica com grave disfun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica, a libera&#231;&#227;o intracoronariana de c&#233;lulas mononucleares de medula &#243;ssea (CMMO) tamb&#233;m se mostrou segura e resultou em melhora funcional<sup>6</sup>. Com base nestes resultados, utilizamos o modelo de libera&#231;&#227;o intracoronariana das CMMO em paciente com cardiomiopatia dilatada. No caso relatado, observamos que o procedimento transcorreu sem qualquer intercorr&#234;ncia, sugerindo que o m&#233;todo &#233; seguro e exeq&#252;&#237;vel. Esta observa&#231;&#227;o aliada &#224; melhora nos par&#226;metros cl&#237;nicos e nos exames complementares do paciente &#233; que nos levam a propor a terapia celular como uma alternativa a ser investigada para o tratamento da cardiomiopatia dilatada grave.</p>
    <p>
      <fn id="back10" fn-type="corresp">
        <label>
          <bold>Correspond&#234;ncia:</bold>
        </label>
        <p> Helena Furtado Martino </p>
        <p>Rua das Laranjeiras, 441/501 </p>
        <p>22240-002 &#150; Rio de Janeiro, RJ </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="hmartino@cardiol.br">hmartino@cardiol.br</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p>Recebido em 03/05/05 </p>
    <p>Aceito em 30/09/05</p>
  </body>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Report</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Cell therapy in dilated cardiomyopathy</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>A forty-one-year-old male with systolic heart failure, FC-III NYHA, clinical stage C due to dilated cardiomyopathy was submitted to an autologous transplant of the mononuclear fraction of bone marrow via coronary artery system through heart catheterism. Two months after the procedure, there was a decrease in plasma BNP and cardiac area reduction at the thorax X-ray and nuclear magnetic resonance. The echocardiogram showed decrease of the secondary regurgitation and mitral ring dilatation. There was a better performance at the ergospirometry, with increase of the maximum oxygen consumption and consequent reduction in drug therapy. The absence of adverse events characterized by clinical/hemodynamic instability, enzymatic alteration or electrocardiogram demonstrate the safety and feasibility of this procedure carried out and described with pioneering spirit in dilated cardiomyopathy.</p>
      </abstract>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold> CASE REPORT</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Cell therapy in dilated cardiomyopathy</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Helena Furtado Martino; Paulo S&#233;rgio Oliveira; Edmilson Assun&#231;&#227;o; Rita Villela; Miriam Gaze; Patr&#237;cia C. dos Santos Costa; Fernando C&#233;sar Castro Souza; Luiz Henrique Weitzel; Ana Paula R. Velloso; Amarino Oliveira J&#250;nior; Ant&#244;nio C. Campos de Carvalho</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Laranjeiras, Hospital Pr&#243;card&#237;aco - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil</p>
      <p>
        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="back10-body2">Mailing Address</xref>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>ABSTRACT</bold>
      </p>
      <p>A forty-one-year-old male with systolic heart failure, FC-III NYHA, clinical stage C due to dilated cardiomyopathy was submitted to an autologous transplant of the mononuclear fraction of bone marrow via coronary artery system through heart catheterism. Two months after the procedure, there was a decrease in plasma BNP and cardiac area reduction at the thorax X-ray and nuclear magnetic resonance. The echocardiogram showed decrease of the secondary regurgitation and mitral ring dilatation. There was a better performance at the ergospirometry, with increase of the maximum oxygen consumption and consequent reduction in drug therapy. The absence of adverse events characterized by clinical/hemodynamic instability, enzymatic alteration or electrocardiogram demonstrate the safety and feasibility of this procedure carried out and described with pioneering spirit in dilated cardiomyopathy.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>INTRODUCTION</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Despite the progresses made regarding the drug therapy of chronic systolic heart failure, which is the evolution stage of several cardiomyopathies such as dilated cardiomyopathy, the number of individuals who present the syndrome increases worldwide, constituting a serious public health problem. For a significant number of individuals, the syndrome progresses even with drug therapy. Thus, heart failure Functional Class (FC) III and IV of the New York Heart Association has been one of the main causes of hospital admissions, using a large part of healthcare resources with a high mortality rate (40%/year). The development of new, low-cost and low-risk therapeutic procedures, such as the myocardial implant of stem cells obtained from bone-marrow aspirate from the individual's own bone marrow, constitutes a promising therapeutic option for these advanced cases. From the 90s on, several experimental studies in animal models of cardiac lesion showed the capacity of bone marrow-derived cells to improve heart performance when injected directly into the myocardium or in the systemic circulation. In the beginning of the new millennium, the knowledge generated by experimental models started to be utilized in clinics. In a pioneering work, Menasch&#233; and cols. performed a transplant of skeletal muscle satellite cells to the heart of an elderly patient with refractory heart failure, in France<sup>1</sup>. After that, two groups in Germany and one in Hong Kong utilized bone marrow mononuclear cells in the treatment of patients with ischemic disease<sup>2-4</sup>. In Brazil, within the context of the project developed at the Instituto do Milenio de Bioengenharia Tecidual (Tissue Bioengineering Millennium Institute), the same cells were used to treat patients with post-ischemic heart failure<sup>5</sup> and, more recently, in patients with chronic Chagas disease cardiopathy<sup>6</sup></p>
      <p>
        <bold>CASE REPORT</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The patient was a forty-one-year-old male, with a history of 12 years of progressive symptoms of systolic heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy. In the last two years, he had presented significant functional limitation, fatigue when performing everyday activities such as showering, and episodes of orthopnea and nocturnal paroxystic dyspnea. Inflammatory and serological markers (including those for Chagas disease) were negative. Coronary flow was free of obstructive lesions at the coronary angiography. The patient was undergoing optimized therapeutics in the Heart Failure Clinic with daily use of Digoxin 0.25 mg, Furosemide 80 mg, Spironolactone 25 mg, Captopril 75 mg, and Carvedilol 50 mg. At physical examination, the patient's weight was 66.4 kg, blood pressure (BP) was 100/60 mmHg, cardiac frequency (CF) was 76 bpm, respiratory frequency (RF) was 20 rpm, regular cardiac rhythm with B3, holosystolic murmur 3+/6+ with dorsal irradiation, audible vesicular murmur with no adventitial sounds, and palpable liver at 1 cm from the right costal edge with no lower limb edema. After informed consent, the patient underwent the Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLWHFQ), thorax X-ray, measurement of plasma BPN, inflammatory markers and serum enzymes, nuclear magnetic resonance, echocardiogram, 12-derivation electrocardiogram, 24-hour Holter, ergospirometry and hemodynamic study.</p>
      <p>For the cell implant to the heart, 50 mL of the patient's bone marrow was aspirated from the iliac crests. The mononuclear fraction was separated after pre-filtering (bone marrow filtering system - Washington University &#150; USA) and centrifuged through a Ficoll gradient. After resuspension in 20 mL of autologus serum solution (5%), 10<sup>8</sup> cells were injected in the coronary artery system (10 mL in the DA, 4 mL in the CX, 6 mL in the CD) with no occurrence of pain, arrhythmia or hemodynamic instability during the procedure and in the immediate post-procedure period.</p>
      <p>Electrocardiographic and enzymatic monitoring was carried out during the first 24 hours post-procedure in an intensive care unit, with no alterations of these parameters (<xref ref-type="table" rid="tabela1-body2">Table 1</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="tabela1-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-86-05-0390-00012-gt01-en.jpg"/></table-wrap>
      <p>The patient was released from the hospital seventy-two hours post-procedure, and returned every two weeks for follow-up; the exams described above were repeated after two months. At physical examination, the patient's weight was unaltered (66.5 kg), BP was 100/60 mmHg, CF was 60 bpm, RF was 18 rpm, with regular cardiac rhythm, but no B3, and reduction of the holosystolic murmur, now 1+/6+ and no irradiation.</p>
      <p>The initial MLWHFQ score was 63, being reduced to 39 after the cell therapy. Thorax X-ray showed a pre-treatment thoracic cardiac index of 0.55, and post-treatment of 0.48 (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="figura1-body2">Fig 1</xref>). The magnetic resonance also showed a decrease in the systolic and diastolic volumes of the left ventricle, going from 302 mL (FSV) and 371 (FDV) pre-treatment, to 217 and 263 mL, respectively, after cell therapy (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="figura2-body2">Fig 2</xref>). However, there was no alteration in the ejection fraction, which remained around 17% (Simpson method).</p>
      <fig id="figura1-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-86-05-0390-00012-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <fig id="figura2-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-86-05-0390-00012-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>Plasma BNP levels varied from 118 pg/ml (pre) to 39 pg/ml (post-therapy). An improvement in the mitral failure was observed at the echocardiogram as shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="figura3-body2">figure 3</xref>.</p>
      <fig id="figura3-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-86-05-0390-00012-gf03-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>The improvement observed in the mentioned varia&#173;bles was followed by a better performance at the ergospirometry as shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="tabela2-body2">Table 2</xref>. It is noteworthy that the patient was classified as being in functional group III, by ergospirometry, before therapy, and improved to being group II after treatment. The favorable clinical evolution of the patient allowed us to decrease drug therapy with the reduction of the daily dose of furosemide (40 mg) and spironolactone (12.5 mg).</p>
      <table-wrap id="tabela2-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-86-05-0390-00012-gt02-en.jpg"/></table-wrap>
      <p>
        <bold>DISCUSSION</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Cell therapy has been applied to patients with acute and chronic ischemic cardiopathy through the intracoronary release of bone marrow cells or intramyocardial injection<sup>1-5</sup>. The action mechanism of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) remains to be clarified, and there is a great deal of controversy in literature on their capacity of regenerating cardiomyocytes<sup>7-9</sup>. Still, in all animal models of cardiopathy and clinical assays carried out to date, these cells promoted an improvement in cardiac function, although these studies were performed with the main objective of testing the safety and feasibility of this new procedure.</p>
      <p>In patients with chronic Chagas cardiopathy with severe systolic dysfunction, the intracoronary release of BMMC also showed to be safe and resulted in functional improvement<sup>6</sup>. Based on these results, we utilized the intracoronary BMMC release model in a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy. In this case report, we observed that the procedure was carried out with no adverse events, suggesting the method is safe and viable. This observation, together with the improvement in the patient's clinical parameters and complementary exams leads us to propose cell therapy as an alternative to be investigated for the treatment of severe dilated cardiomyopathy.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>REFERENCES</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <fn id="back10-body2" fn-type="corresp">
          <label>
            <bold>Mailing Address:</bold>
          </label>
          <p> Helena Furtado Martino </p>
          <p> Rua das Laranjeiras, 441/501 </p>
          <p> 22240-002 &#150; Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil </p>
          <p> E-mail: </p>
          <p>
            <email xlink:href="hmartino@cardiol.br">hmartino@cardiol.br</email>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </p>
      <p>Received on 05/03/05 </p>
      <p> Accepted on 09/30/05</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
