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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">5MR5tWRc3HkZ7Z9DCbFyJrf</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00002</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2005001900002</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(05)08500602</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2005001900002</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A cardiologia no s&#233;culo XXI: o uso do PDA &#233; indispens&#225;vel?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rossi Neto</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o Manoel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia</institution>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2005</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>85</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>382</fpage>
      <lpage>384</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>16</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2006</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>EDITORIAL</bold>
    </p>
    <p>A cardiologia no s&#233;culo XXI. O uso do PDA &#233; indispens&#225;vel?</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Jo&#227;o Manoel Rossi Neto</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia &#150; S&#227;o Paulo, SP </p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="back10">Correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p>O avan&#231;o da medicina e a necessidade de atualiza&#231;&#227;o constante do conhecimento m&#233;dico t&#234;m induzido ao emprego de tecnologias que possam acompanhar os avan&#231;os da medicina atual.</p>
    <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o ao manejo dessas tecnologias, &#233; poss&#237;vel descrever tr&#234;s categorias de m&#233;dicos. A primeira, em que os conhecimentos eram baseados principalmente na experi&#234;ncia pessoal e h&#225; poucos relatos na literatura, at&#233; porque o desenvolvimento tecnol&#243;gico era limitado e o acesso &#224; informa&#231;&#227;o era privil&#233;gio de poucos, ou de dif&#237;cil alcance. A segunda, na qual me incluo, participou do processo inicial da utiliza&#231;&#227;o de computadores, que tinham o papel principal na repeti&#231;&#227;o de tarefas, gerando principalmente economia de tempo. E finalmente, a terceira, que j&#225; incorporou alguma tecnologia da atualiza&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica desde a sua forma&#231;&#227;o b&#225;sica, ou at&#233; mesmo antes.</p>
    <p>Outro aspecto nessa transi&#231;&#227;o tecnol&#243;gica foi em rela&#231;&#227;o ao local do acesso da informa&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica, que era dif&#237;cil e dispon&#237;vel em poucos computadores, a maioria restrita a bibliotecas de universidades ou a computadores pessoais, que muitas vezes ficavam inacess&#237;veis. Os melhores exemplos deste progresso s&#227;o os assistentes digitais pessoais (PDA, <italic>personal digital assistant</italic>), tamb&#233;m chamados de computadores de m&#227;o, <italic>palm</italic>, <italic>palm top</italic>, <italic>palm pilot</italic>, <italic>pocket pc</italic>, etc.</p>
    <p>Esses PDAs s&#227;o pequenos, compactos, leves e podem ser carregados no bolso ou na bolsa e t&#234;m como grande vantagem a acessibilidade a qualquer hora e qualquer lugar, criando um novo termo &#150; computa&#231;&#227;o m&#243;vel.</p>
    <p>&#201; importante notar que apenas este fato, o da acessibilidade, est&#225; provocando uma revolu&#231;&#227;o na maneira de como o conhecimento m&#233;dico &#233; disponibilizado. Este conceito &#233; muito &#250;til na medicina, pois possibilita que a informa&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica esteja dispon&#237;vel onde for necess&#225;ria, al&#233;m de ajudar na tomada da decis&#227;o cl&#237;nica.</p>
    <p>No geral, as aplica&#231;&#245;es m&#233;dicas para PDAs podem ser agrupadas nas seguintes categorias: suporte &#224; decis&#227;o cl&#237;nica, suporte administrativo, documenta&#231;&#227;o, atividades profissionais, educa&#231;&#227;o e pesquisa. Estudos cl&#237;nicos t&#234;m demonstrado que o uso de PDAs tem o potencial de reduzir erros m&#233;dicos desde a fase de diagn&#243;stico at&#233; a prescri&#231;&#227;o de medicamentos<sup>1-3</sup>. Programas com sinais e sintomas calculam a probabilidade de determinada doen&#231;a. Calculadoras m&#233;dicas fazem desde c&#225;lculos simples como a determina&#231;&#227;o do &#237;ndice de massa corp&#243;rea at&#233; as mais complexas f&#243;rmulas. Programas espec&#237;ficos para prescri&#231;&#227;o de medicamentos (<italic>ePhysician</italic>, <italic>iScribe</italic> e <italic>PatientKeeper</italic>) fornecem informa&#231;&#245;es completas das drogas e seus efeitos colaterais. H&#225;, ainda, um outro recurso tecnol&#243;gico importante &#150; a Telemedicina, como a realiza&#231;&#227;o de eletrocardiograma em um PDA e envio para outro PDA de um cardiologista, para a an&#225;lise e indica&#231;&#227;o de tratamento<sup>4</sup>. Dentre todos os recursos, as aplica&#231;&#245;es m&#233;dicas mais populares s&#227;o: banco de dados de medicamentos (<italic>ePocrates</italic>), livros textos (<italic>POEMs e Skyscape)</italic> e calculadoras m&#233;dicas (<italic>MedCalc</italic> e <italic>MedMath</italic>)<sup>5, 6</sup>.</p>
    <p>Os benef&#237;cios dos PDAs nos cuidados de sa&#250;de incluem redu&#231;&#227;o de custo, suporte ao ensino, economia de tempo, redu&#231;&#227;o de erros, potencial melhora da produtividade e melhora na qualidade de atendimento<sup>7-10</sup>. Os PDAs permitem carregar toda a tecnologia necess&#225;ria sem a adi&#231;&#227;o de novos equipamentos. Cabe destacar o papel fundamental destes recursos na implementa&#231;&#227;o da medicina baseada em evid&#234;ncias e na educa&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica continuada<sup>11</sup>. As diretrizes sofrem constantes mudan&#231;as e muitas vezes j&#225; se encontram desatualizadas na data da publica&#231;&#227;o, sendo &#224;s vezes necess&#225;ria a busca de literatura mais atual, at&#233; que sejam corrigidas. Em 2004, a <italic>National Library of Medicine</italic> (NLM) customizou o PubMed para os computadores de m&#227;o (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://archive.nlm.nih.gov/proj/pmot/pmot.php">http://archive. nlm.nih.gov/proj/pmot/pmot.php</ext-link>). Para aqueles que quiserem se aprofundar um pouco mais neste assunto, sugiro a leitura do artigo de revis&#227;o de Yen-Chiao Lu e cols<sup>7</sup>, em que se descreve que a ado&#231;&#227;o em larga escala da computa&#231;&#227;o m&#243;vel tem o potencial de melhorar o acesso &#224; informa&#231;&#227;o, otimizar o fluxo de trabalho e promover a pr&#225;tica baseada em evid&#234;ncias.</p>
    <p>Os seguintes endere&#231;os fornecem a possibilidade de se baixar programas e fazer buscas com a palavra "cardiology": <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.handango.com">www.handango.com</ext-link>; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.healthypalmpilot.com">www.healthypalmpilot. com</ext-link>; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.mdnetguide.com">www.mdnetguide.com</ext-link>; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.medspda.com">www.medspda.com</ext-link>; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.palmgear.com">www. palmgear.com</ext-link>; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.pdamd.com">www.pdamd.com</ext-link>; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.skyscape.com">www.skyscape.com</ext-link>; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.epocrates.com">www.epocrates.com</ext-link>; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.meistermed.com">www.meistermed.com</ext-link>. Grande parte dos programas m&#233;dicos &#233; desenvolvida na l&#237;ngua inglesa, podendo ser problema para alguns usu&#225;rios. Para muitos m&#233;dicos, as fun&#231;&#245;es de organiza&#231;&#227;o, sozinhas, j&#225; s&#227;o justific&#225;veis para a sua compra.</p>
    <p>Na &#225;rea da cardiologia, especialmente na s&#237;ndrome coron&#225;ria aguda, existe uma explos&#227;o de novas terapias m&#233;dicas e interven&#231;&#245;es. Com o intuito de avisar aos cl&#237;nicos acerca da melhor evid&#234;ncia dispon&#237;vel e do r&#225;pido acesso &#224;s terapias apropriadas, alguns programas para <italic>Palm</italic> foram desenvolvidos: "TIMI risk calculator", "cardiac checklist" e "ACS Trials in your palm"<sup>12</sup>.</p>
    <p>Programas de interpreta&#231;&#227;o de eletrocardiogramas podem ajudar na redu&#231;&#227;o do tempo de in&#237;cio das terapias de reperfus&#227;o. O <italic>National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/prof/other/index.htm">http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/prof/other/index.htm</ext-link>) oferece ferramentas interativas como as diretrizes de hipertens&#227;o arterial e colesterol, entre outras. Tanto a <italic>European Society of Cardiology</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://pocketgram.net/escardio">http://pocketgram.net/ escardio</ext-link>) como <italic>American College of Cardiology</italic> (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.acc.org/clinical/palm_download.htm">http://www.acc.org/clinical/palm_download.htm</ext-link>) proporcionam as diretrizes em formato para <italic>Palm</italic>.</p>
    <p>Nos dias de hoje, qualquer ferramenta que possibilite a aproxima&#231;&#227;o com a melhor evid&#234;ncia m&#233;dica dispon&#237;vel &#233; obrigat&#243;ria. Al&#233;m disso, o processo de aprendizagem, na medicina, vem se tornando muito complexo e intenso, o que aumenta as necessidades n&#227;o s&#243; de acesso r&#225;pido dos estudantes &#224;s fontes de pesquisa como de maior press&#227;o no tempo de supervis&#227;o e de ensino por parte dos professores. Isto praticamente for&#231;ou a ado&#231;&#227;o dos PDAs nas faculdades de medicina do Brasil e do mundo.</p>
    <p>Existem muitos tipos de PDAs. Estes podem ser divididos de acordo com o sistema operacional. Os dois mais populares s&#227;o da <italic>PalmOne</italic> (<italic>Palm</italic>) e do <italic>Windows CE</italic> (<italic>Pocket PC</italic>). As diferen&#231;as baseiam-se na velocidade de processamento, custo, quantidade de mem&#243;ria, e n&#250;mero de programas dispon&#237;veis. Uso um PDA da PalmOne, com um cart&#227;o de mem&#243;ria adicional, pela rela&#231;&#227;o custo-benef&#237;cio. Trata-se de uma op&#231;&#227;o pessoal, mas sugiro que a escolha deva ser direcionada para aparelhos com tela colorida, com a melhor resolu&#231;&#227;o poss&#237;vel e com a maior mem&#243;ria dispon&#237;vel. Finalmente, alguns modelos t&#234;m embutidos c&#226;mera fotogr&#225;fica ou telefone, ou ambos. Os modelos de PDAs da <italic>PalmOne</italic> v&#227;o desde os mais simples (velocidade de processamento e mem&#243;rias menores) com pre&#231;os que se iniciam em R$ 350,00 (Palm Zire 21), intermedi&#225;rios de R$ 800,00 (Tungsten E2) a R$ 1.600,00 (Tungsten T), at&#233; os mais caros (combinados com celular) que ultrapassam R$ 2.400,00 (Treo 650).</p>
    <p>Vislumbrando o futuro, a Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (SBC), acompanhando outras sociedades m&#233;dicas, vem, nos &#250;ltimos 5 anos e de forma pioneira, disponibilizando gratuitamente cursos de acesso &#224; Internet e pesquisa bibliogr&#225;fica<sup>13</sup>, nos congressos nacionais. Isto possibilitou que mais de 2.000 cardiologistas pudessem iniciar ou incrementar a sua inclus&#227;o no mundo digital. Este processo permitiu a democratiza&#231;&#227;o da informa&#231;&#227;o e difus&#227;o do conhecimento para todas as camadas de cardiologistas. Al&#233;m dos Grandes Estudos e de todas as Diretrizes da SBC, que j&#225; s&#227;o oferecidos no padr&#227;o <italic>Palm</italic>, a SBC disponibilizar&#225;, no seu portal, dois novos produtos desenvolvidos pela Ger&#234;ncia de Tecnologia da SBC; s&#227;o eles: Sistema de Consult&#243;rio Digital, que permitir&#225; que os s&#243;cios da SBC possam administrar os seus consult&#243;rios, localmente, atrav&#233;s da Internet ou pelo seu <italic>Palm,</italic> e o Sistema de Programa&#231;&#227;o Cient&#237;fica Personalizada do Congresso Brasileiro da SBC, que permitir&#225; aos congressistas personalizarem, de acordo com a sua conveni&#234;ncia, toda a Programa&#231;&#227;o Cient&#237;fica do Congresso, atrav&#233;s da Internet ou via <italic>Palm</italic>.</p>
    <p>A meu ver, a tecnologia continuar&#225; a avan&#231;ar, tornando os PDAs cada vez mais r&#225;pidos e menores. Provavelmente, tanto o <italic>Palm</italic> como o <italic>Pocket PC</italic> continuar&#227;o a existir nos pr&#243;ximos cinco anos, e existir&#225; mercado para cada um deles. Haver&#225; ainda uma combina&#231;&#227;o maior de tecnologias entre telefone celular e PDAs. A educa&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica continuada avan&#231;ar&#225; e poder&#225; ser realizada via PDA ou celular. Nas pr&#243;ximas d&#233;cadas, a tecnologia de rede sem fio ir&#225; crescer, tanto na velocidade como na dist&#226;ncia do acesso, e poder&#225; haver redu&#231;&#227;o no custo, assim como ocorreu com a computa&#231;&#227;o atual.</p>
    <p>A minha maior preocupa&#231;&#227;o &#233; com a possibilidade da forma&#231;&#227;o de m&#233;dicos repetidores de resultados de estudos cl&#237;nicos, que muitas vezes fogem do dever de examinar o paciente e refugiam-se na informa&#231;&#227;o estat&#237;stica. &#201; importante lembrar que qualquer evid&#234;ncia de tratamento baseia-se no fato de que o diagn&#243;stico est&#225; correto, e para isto &#233; preciso perguntar, ouvir, examinar e auscultar os pacientes.</p>
    <p>&#201; imposs&#237;vel esgotar todo este assunto e espero ter proporcionado algum entusiasmo para os colegas que j&#225; utilizam os PDAs, e instigado a curiosidade daqueles que ainda n&#227;o os possuem, para que iniciem um processo de aquisi&#231;&#227;o desta tecnologia, pois ela &#233; uma ferramenta quase que obrigat&#243;ria no dia a dia dos m&#233;dicos e indispens&#225;vel para os cardiologistas.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>REFER&#202;NCIAS</bold>
    </p>
    <p>1. Grasso BC, Genest R. Clinical computing: use of a personal digital assistant in reducing medication error rates. Psychiatr Serv 2001;52:883-4, 886.</p>
    <p>2. Carroll AE, Tarczy-Hornoch P, O'Reilly E, Christakis DA. The effect of point-of-care personal digital assistant use on resident documentation discrepancies. Pediatrics 2004;113(3 Pt 1):450-4.</p>
    <p> 3. Rosencrance JG, Schott MJ, Linger BT. Using PDAs during the internal medicine clerkship. W V Med J 2004;100:236-7.</p>
    <p>4. Marozas V, Jurkonis R, Kazla A et al. Development of teleconsultations systems for e-health. Stud Health Technol Inform 2004;105:337-48.</p>
    <p>5. Horsley A, Forster L. Handheld computers in medicine: the way forward. Postgrad Med J 2005;81:481-2.</p>
    <p> 6. Criswell DF, Parchman ML. Handheld computer use in U.S. family practice residency programs. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2002;9(1):80-6.</p>
    <p>7. Lu YC, Xiao Y, Sears A, Jacko JA. A review and a framework of handheld computer adoption in healthcare. Int J Med Inform 2005;74:409-22.</p>
    <p>8. Cimino JJ, Bakken S. Personal digital educators. N Engl J Med 2005 3;352:860-2.</p>
    <p>9. Larkin M. Can handheld computers improve the quality of care? Lancet 2001;358:1438. </p>
    <p>10. McAlearney AS, Schweikhart SB, Medow MA. Doctors' experience with handheld computers in clinical practice: qualitative study. Br Med J 2004;328:1162.</p>
    <p>11. Leung GM, Johnston JM, Tin KY et al. Randomised controlled trial of clinical decision support tools to improve learning of evidence based medicine in medical students. Br Med J 2003;327:1090.</p>
    <p>12. Cannon CP. Utilization of guidelines and computer-based technology to achieve optimal care in atherothrombotic vascular disease. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2004;17:45-9.</p>
    <p>13. Rossi Neto J. Pesquisa cient&#237;fica em banco de dados na Internet. Rev Soc Cardiol Estado de S&#227;o Paulo 2003;6:736-43.</p>
    <p>
      <fn id="back10" fn-type="corresp">
        <p>Correspond&#234;ncia:</p>
        <p> Jo&#227;o Manoel Rossi Neto </p>
        <p> Av. Dr. Dante Pazzanese, 500 </p>
        <p> 04012-180 S&#227;o Paulo, SP </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="jmrossi@sti.com.br">jmrossi@sti.com.br</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p> Recebido em 10/10/05 </p>
    <p> Aceito em 21/10/05</p>
  </body>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Cardiology in the 21st century: is PDA an indispensable tool for the practice?</article-title>
      </title-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>EDITORIAL</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Cardiology in the 21st century. Is PDA an indispensable tool for the practice?</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Jo&#227;o Manoel Rossi Neto</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia &#150; S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</p>
      <p>
        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="back10-body2">Mailing Address</xref>
      </p>
      <p>The current advance of medicine and the need to continuously keep pace with new medical developments have led to the use of technologies compatible with these discoveries. Medical doctors can be classified into three categories with regards to their ability to use such technologies.</p>
      <p>The first group includes physicians who acquired the knowledge mainly based on previous personal experience. However, medical literature lacks sufficient reports about this because of limitations in technology and also because the access to information was either the privilege of only a few professionals or it was difficult to attain. The second group, in which I am included, consists of those professionals who considered computers mainly as time-saving devices to perform repeated tasks. And, finally, the third group includes physicians who, at a very early stage of their basic medical education, or often before that, were already familiar with a certain level of updated medical technology.</p>
      <p>Another aspect in this transition to technology use refers to the access to medical reference information, which in the past would be available only at university libraries or on personal computers (which often had poor connections). The best examples of such advances are PDAs (personal digital assistants), also known as handheld computers, palms, palm tops, palm pilots, pocket pcs, etc.</p>
      <p>The PDAs are small, compact, light-weight, wireless devices that can be conveniently carried in a pocket or purse. They help the clinician access medical information from any location and at any time - a feature which has generated a new term: mobile computing.</p>
      <p>It is worth mentioning that the accessibility at the point-of-care itself represents a revolution on how medical knowledge becomes available. In addition to being a decision-making tool in the clinical setting, this device is highly useful in the medical field as it provides instant access to essential information wherever it is needed.</p>
      <p>Generally speaking, PDA medical applications can be grouped into the following categories: as a decision-making tool in the clinical setting, as a tool for administrative support, documentation, education and research activities, as well as an organizer of daily professional activities. Clinical studies have shown PDAs can help practitioners reduce medical errors from the diagnosis stage through to prescribing treatment<sup>1-3</sup>. Medical PDA software that provide full descriptions of signs and symptoms are capable of predicting the likelihood of a person to develop an illness. Medical calculators perform calculations as simple as the determination of body mass index, as well as the most complex formulas.</p>
      <p>Prescription-specific software (<italic>ePhysician</italic>, <italic>iScribe</italic> and <italic>PatientKeeper</italic>) provide detailed information about drugs and their side effects. Another important technological resource, telemedicine, allows an electrocardiogram to be stored in one PDA and to be downloaded into another cardiologist's PDA for analysis and prescription of treatment<sup>4</sup>. Among the resources available, the most widely used medical applications are: drug database (<italic>ePocrates</italic>), medical text books (<italic>POEMs and Skyscape)</italic> and medical calculators (<italic>MedCalc</italic> and <italic>MedMath</italic>)<sup>5, 6</sup>.</p>
      <p>The advantages of PDAs in the health care setting are: cost reduction, teaching support, time saving, error reduction, potential improvement in productivity and improved quality of the health care provided<sup>7-10</sup>. PDAs support the use of all necessary technological tools without the need for any other equipment. It is worth mentioning the fundamental role these resources have on the implementation of evidence-based medicine and in continuing medical education<sup>11</sup>. Medical guidelines are constantly being updated and sometimes are obsolete by the time they are published. For this reason, physicians need to be able to access more recent studies until these guidelines are updated. In 2004, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) updated PubMed for handheld computers (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://archive.nlm.nih.gov/proj/pmot/pmot.php">http://archive.nlm.nih.gov/proj/pmot/pmot.php</ext-link>). For those interested in expanding their knowledge on the subject, we suggest reading the review paper by Yen-Chiao Lu et al<sup>7</sup>. The paper suggests that the large-scale adoption of mobile computing has the potential to improve access to information, optimize the workflow process and improve the practice of evidence-based medicine.</p>
      <p>The following links can be accessed to download software and search information using the word "cardiology": <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.handango.com">www.handango.com</ext-link>; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.healthypalmpilot.com">www.healthypalmpilot. com</ext-link>; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.mdnetguide.com">www.mdnetguide.com</ext-link>; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.medspda.com">www.medspda.com</ext-link>; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.palmgear.com">www. palmgear.com</ext-link>; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.pdamd.com">www.pdamd.com</ext-link>; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.skyscape.com">www.skyscape.com</ext-link>; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.epocrates.com">www.epocrates.com</ext-link>; <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.meistermed.com">www.meistermed.com</ext-link>. Most medical software programs are developed in English, which may be a problem for some users. For a large number of physicians, the organizer feature alone is a strong enough reason to justify the purchase.</p>
      <p>In cardiology, mainly in the acute coronary syndrome, there is an explosion of new therapies and interventions being developed. In order to help clinicians become familiar with the best evidence available and readily access appropriate treatment options, a few <italic>Palm</italic> software programs have been developed: "TIMI risk calculator", "cardiac checklist" and "ACS Trials in your Palm"<sup>12</sup>. Programs for the interpretation of electrocardiograms can reduce the time to reperfusion therapies. The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/prof/other/index.htm">http://www.nhlbi.nih. gov/health/prof/other/index.htm</ext-link>) provides interactive tools to access guidelines to control blood hypertension and cholesterol levels, among other things. The European Society of Cardiology (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://pocketgram.net/escardio">http://pocketgram.net/escardio</ext-link>), as well as the American College of Cardiology (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.acc.org/clinical/palm_download.htm">http:// www.acc.org/clinical/palm_download.htm</ext-link>) provide the appropriate guidelines on <italic>Palm</italic> devices.</p>
      <p>Currently, any tool that enables ready access to the best available medical information is mandatory. Moreover, the learning process in the medical field is becoming increasingly complex and intensive, which means that students require more than ever to be able to quickly access the reference sources. Teachers are also under increasing time pressure to perform supervision and teaching duties. This has virtually turned the use of PDAs into a must in medical schools, both in Brazil and worldwide.</p>
      <p>There are many different kinds of PDAs available in the market. They can be classified according to their operational systems. The two most popular ones are PalmOne (<italic>Palm</italic>) and Windows CE (<italic>Pocket PC</italic>). The differences between them are the processing speed, cost, memory size and the number of programs available. I have a PalmOne, with an additional memory card, which I chose due to its good cost-benefit. It is a personal choice, but I would suggest that the best PDA options available are those with color screens, the best resolution available and the largest memory size. Some PDAs have either a photo camera or a telephone built-in, or both. PalmOne offers a few models ranging from the simplest ones (lower processing speed and smaller memory size) with prices starting as from R$ 350,00 (Palm Zire 21), intermediate R$ 800,00 (Tungsten E2) to R$ 1.600,00 (Tungsten T), up to the most expensive ones (with cellular phones) and prices over R$ 2.400,00 (Treo 650).</p>
      <p>With an eye to the future, the <italic>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia &#150; SBC</italic> (Brazilian Society of Cardiology) has taken steps forward and provided free courses on access to the Internet and reference sources<sup>13</sup> during the past five annual meetings, which has been done also by other medical associations. This has enabled more than 2.000 cardiologists to develop or expand their knowledge of the digital world, and made information and knowledge available to all of them. Besides the Great Studies and all SBC's Guidelines which are already being offered for the Palm systems, SBC will provide through its website two other products developed by its Technology Management Department. These are: the Digital Office System, which will allow SBC members to administer their offices either locally, through the Internet or their <italic>Palm</italic>; and SBC's Personal Scientific Programming System, which will enable participants in the annual meetings to tailor the entire scientific program of the meeting according to their needs, through the Internet or via <italic>Palm</italic>.</p>
      <p>From my point of view, technology will continue to advance, with the development of increasingly faster and smaller PDAs. Most probably, <italic>Palm</italic> as well <italic>Pocket PC</italic> will continue to exist in the next five years, and there will be a market for both. Also, there should be a greater overlap of technology between cellular phones and PDAs. Continued medical education will advance further and will be available through PDAs or cell phones. In the next decades, wireless technology will expand further both in terms of speed and remote access services, which will reduce costs, as has happened with current computing.</p>
      <p>My main concern is that this technology may lead some physicians to merely repeat the results of clinical studies. Such physicians may often try to avoid their obligation to examine the patient and rely instead on statistical information. It is fundamental that any prescription of treatment be based on acurate diagnosis, which requires examining, auscultating and listening to the patient.</p>
      <p>This subject is too broad to be entirely covered here. I hope to have conveyed some of my enthusiasm to those colleagues who already use PDAs, as well as stimulated the curiosity of those who have not yet adopted these tools and encouraged them to pursue the technology. It is a must in the day-to-day routine of medical doctors and an indispensable tool for cardiologists.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>REFERENCES</bold>
      </p>
      <p>1. Grasso BC, Genest R. Clinical computing: use of a personal digital assistant in reducing medication error rates. Psychiatr Serv 2001;52:883-4, 886.</p>
      <p>2. Carroll AE, Tarczy-Hornoch P, O'Reilly E, Christakis DA. The effect of point-of-care personal digital assistant use on resident documentation discrepancies. Pediatrics 2004;113(3 Pt 1):450-4. </p>
      <p>3. Rosencrance JG, Schott MJ, Linger BT. Using PDAs during the internal medicine clerkship. W V Med J 2004;100:236-7.</p>
      <p>4. Marozas V, Jurkonis R, Kazla A et al. Development of teleconsultations systems for e-health. Stud Health Technol Inform 2004;105:337-48.</p>
      <p>5. Horsley A, Forster L. Handheld computers in medicine: the way forward. Postgrad Med J 2005;81:481-2. </p>
      <p>6. Criswell DF, Parchman ML. Handheld computer use in U.S. family practice residency programs. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2002;9(1):80-6.</p>
      <p>7. Lu YC, Xiao Y, Sears A, Jacko JA. A review and a framework of handheld computer adoption in healthcare. Int J Med Inform 2005;74:409-22.</p>
      <p>8. Cimino JJ, Bakken S. Personal digital educators. N Engl J Med 2005 3;352:860-2.</p>
      <p>9. Larkin M. Can handheld computers improve the quality of care? Lancet 2001;358:1438. 10. McAlearney AS, Schweikhart SB, Medow MA. Doctors' experience with handheld computers in clinical practice: qualitative study. Br Med J 2004;328:1162.</p>
      <p>11. Leung GM, Johnston JM, Tin KY et al. Randomised controlled trial of clinical decision support tools to improve learning of evidence based medicine in medical students. Br Med J 2003;327:1090.</p>
      <p>12. Cannon CP. Utilization of guidelines and computer-based technology to achieve optimal care in atherothrombotic vascular disease. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2004;17:45-9.</p>
      <p>13. Rossi Neto J. Pesquisa cient&#237;fica em banco de dados na Internet. Rev Soc Cardiol Estado de S&#227;o Paulo 2003;6:736-43.</p>
      <p>
        <fn id="back10-body2" fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Mailing Address:</p>
          <p> Jo&#227;o Manoel Rossi Neto</p>
          <p> Av. Dr. Dante Pazzanese, 500</p>
          <p> 04012-180 S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</p>
          <p> E-mail: </p>
          <p>
            <email xlink:href="jmrossi@sti.com.br">jmrossi@sti.com.br</email>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </p>
      <p>Received on 10/10/05</p>
      <p> Accepted on 10/21/05</p>
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