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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">thMbyYhBy6pvvSSvqHC4MMq</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00001</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2005001600001</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(05)08500301</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2005001600001</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>O que vem ocorrendo com a insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca no Brasil?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Albanesi Filho</surname>
            <given-names>Francisco Manes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2005</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>85</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>155</fpage>
      <lpage>156</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>10</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2005</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>EDITORIAL</bold>
    </p>
    <p>O que vem ocorrendo com a insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca no Brasil?</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Francisco Manes Albanesi Filho</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro, RJ</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="back10">Endere&#231;o para correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p>O Brasil, com popula&#231;&#227;o de 169.799.170 habitantes, sendo 50,77% do sexo feminino e com maior distribui&#231;&#227;o na zona urbana (81,24%), teve a esperan&#231;a de vida aumentada ao nascer, que era de 64 anos em 1985 para 69 anos em 2000<sup>1</sup>.</p>
    <p>O Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de (MS) &#233; o respons&#225;vel por mais de 75% das interna&#231;&#245;es hospitalares feitas no Pa&#237;s, pelo Sistema Unificado de Sa&#250;de (SUS), sendo este o &#250;nico banco de dados referente &#224;s caracter&#237;sticas de doen&#231;as no Pa&#237;s. O restante &#233; atendido por planos de sa&#250;de que n&#227;o mant&#234;m sistema de registro dispon&#237;vel ao p&#250;blico.</p>
    <p>No ano de 2002, foram realizadas 11.714.184 interna&#231;&#245;es pelo SUS/MS, sendo as dez primeiras causas, identificadas pelo C&#243;digo Internacional de Doen&#231;as (CID-10): 1) gravidez, parto e puerp&#233;rio - 2.731.766; 2) doen&#231;as do aparelho respirat&#243;rio - 1.820.634; 3) doen&#231;as do aparelho cardiovascular - 1.216.771; 4) doen&#231;as infecciosas e parasit&#225;rias - 1.042.136; 5) doen&#231;as do aparelho digestivo - 986.406; 6) doen&#231;as do aparelho g&#234;nito-urin&#225;rio - 770.352; 7) les&#245;es de causas externas - 688.687; 8) neoplasias - 527.747; 9) doen&#231;as end&#243;crinas, nutricionais e metab&#243;licas - 322.093 e 10) transtornos mentais e comportamentais - 308.264<sup>2</sup>.</p>
    <p>Analisando as causas cl&#237;nicas que foram respons&#225;veis por maior n&#250;mero de hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es em 2002 pelo SUS/MS, a insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (IC) foi a terceira com 372.604, atr&#225;s da pneumonia (794.260) e da asma (376.447)<sup>2</sup>.</p>
    <p>A IC, nos &#250;ltimos dez anos, vem apresentando varia&#231;&#245;es no n&#250;mero de interna&#231;&#245;es entre 372.604 e 524.155, com taxa de interna&#231;&#227;o em rela&#231;&#227;o ao total das realizadas no Pa&#237;s entre 3,18% e 3,71% e, com taxa de &#243;bitos entre 5,41% e 6,97. Em 2002, tivemos o menor n&#250;mero de interna&#231;&#245;es nos &#250;ltimos dez anos<sup>2</sup> (<xref ref-type="table" rid="tab1">tab. I</xref>).</p>
    <table-wrap id="tab1">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-85-03-0155-00001-gt01.jpg"/></table-wrap>
    <p>Analisando as interna&#231;&#245;es de 2002 por IC e sua distribui&#231;&#227;o, tivemos 186.810 (50,13%) no sexo feminino. Abaixo dos 20 anos foram 5.720 (1,53%), com predom&#237;nio no masculino (2.872). Entre 20 a 59 anos 110.900 (29,76%), tendo tamb&#233;m predile&#231;&#227;o nos homens (57.700), e, nos idoso (<underline>&gt;</underline> 60 anos), 255.983 (68,70%), com maior n&#250;mero entre as mulheres (130.832)<sup>2</sup>.</p>
    <p>Na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">figura 1</xref>, observamos o aumento do n&#250;mero de interna&#231;&#245;es e de &#243;bitos por IC com o aumento das faixas et&#225;rias at&#233; a de 70-79 anos, devendo ser mencionado que o sexo feminino, apresentando maior expectativa de vida, passa a manter, a partir dos 70 anos, maior quantitativo de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o e &#243;bito<sup>2</sup>.</p>
    <fig id="fig1">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-85-03-0155-00001-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>O maior n&#250;mero de interna&#231;&#245;es ocorreu na regi&#227;o sudeste (mais populosa), com 147.475 (39,58%), vindo a seguir a nordeste (94.966 - 25,49%), a sul (78.580 - 21,09%), a centro-oeste (35.330 - 9,48%) e a norte (16.253 - 4,36%). Com exce&#231;&#227;o da faixa et&#225;ria at&#233; 20 anos, onde a regi&#227;o nordeste apresentou maior n&#250;mero de interna&#231;&#245;es (2.104 em 5.720 - 37,41%), em todas as outras faixas et&#225;rias o maior n&#250;mero ocorreu na regi&#227;o sudeste<sup>2</sup>. Igual fato foi visto em rela&#231;&#227;o ao n&#250;mero de &#243;bitos, sendo encontrado 12.868 (49,52%) na regi&#227;o sudeste, 5.597 (21,54%), na nordeste, 4.835 (18,61%) na sul, 1.791 (6,89%) na centro-oeste e 893 (3,44%) na norte.</p>
    <p>O mesmo fato foi observado na rela&#231;&#227;o entre &#243;bitos e faixa et&#225;ria, tendo sido maior na regi&#227;o nordeste (191 entre 479 - 39,87%) entre os abaixo de 20 anos e nas demais faixas et&#225;rias na regi&#227;o sudeste (2.850 entre 5.886 - 48,42%, entre 20 e 59 anos e 9.860 entre 19.619 - 50,26% na 060 anos)<sup>2</sup>.</p>
    <p>Os estados com maior n&#250;mero de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o foram Minas Gerais (57.844), S&#227;o Paulo (53.754) e Bahia (36.216), enquanto Roraima (151), Amap&#225; (335) e Acre (551) tiveram o menor n&#250;mero. O maior quantitativo de &#243;bitos foi visto em S&#227;o Paulo (5.969), Minas Gerais (3.689) e no Rio de Janeiro (2.822). A maior taxa de mortalidade no Acre (12,89), S&#227;o Paulo (11,10) e Distrito Federal (10,86) e a menor no Piau&#237; (2,58), Tocantins (3,49) e Mato Grosso (3,87)<sup>2</sup>.</p>
    <p>A taxa de mortalidade &#233; maior nos pacientes abaixo de um ano de vida (14,4), atingindo o valor m&#233;dio na idade entre 20-59 anos (5,31), e aumentando posteriormente para 6,17 entre 60-69 anos, 7,43 entre 70 e 79 anos e 10,02 nos acima de 80 anos.</p>
    <p>Foram gastos, para custear as 11.714.184 interna&#231;&#245;es realizadas pelo SUS no ano de 2002, R$ 5.401.359.717,36, tendo R$ 1.012.457.705,60 sido consumido no pagamento nas 1.216.771 interna&#231;&#245;es por doen&#231;as cardiovasculares (DCV), correspondendo a 10,38% de todas as interna&#231;&#245;es realizadas e R$ 198.836.488,73 pelas 372.604 hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es por IC efetuadas, correspondendo 3,68% do total e 19,64% das decorrentes das DCV. Na <xref ref-type="table" rid="tab2">tabela II</xref> est&#225; o demonstrativo, por regi&#245;es, do desembolso total realizado e suas especifica&#231;&#245;es<sup>2</sup>.</p>
    <table-wrap id="tab2">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-85-03-0155-00001-gt02.jpg"/></table-wrap>
    <p>As DCV, com R$ 1.012.457.705,60, foram as que mais consumiram recursos no atendimento a 1.216.771 hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es, vindo a seguir, com R$ 692.648.380,57, as decorrentes da gravidez, parto e puerp&#233;rio, com 2.731.766 interna&#231;&#245;es. E em terceiro lugar, as doen&#231;as do aparelho respirat&#243;rio, com R$ 655.217.483,80, custeando 1.820.634 internamentos<sup>2</sup>.</p>
    <p>Entre as interna&#231;&#245;es realizadas em 2002, tivemos 335.110 (2,86%) &#243;bitos, sendo 85.620 (25,54%) por DCV e 25.984 (7,75%) por IC<sup>2</sup>.</p>
    <p>Assim, os dados epidemiol&#243;gicos desta s&#237;ndrome, em nosso meio, s&#227;o similares aos dos pa&#237;ses desenvolvidos, somente diferindo do volume total dos investimentos financeiros realizados, que ficam muito abaixo dos referidos por grandes centros. O n&#250;mero total de interna&#231;&#245;es vem declinando, no entanto mantendo est&#225;vel o n&#250;mero de &#243;bitos, por prov&#225;vel interna&#231;&#227;o de pacientes mais graves e com maior acometimento da fun&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica. Seu perfil &#233; de comprometer com maior freq&#252;&#234;ncia os mais velhos, passando a ser a principal causa de hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es ap&#243;s os 60 anos, com 255.983 interna&#231;&#245;es, seguido por bronquite/enfisema, com 168.598 e pneumonia, com 129.194<sup>2</sup>.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>REFER&#202;NCIAS</bold>
    </p>
    <p>1. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.Ibge.gov.br">www.Ibge.gov.br</ext-link></p>
    <p>2. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.datasus.gov.br">www. datasus.gov.br</ext-link></p>
    <p>
      <fn id="back10" fn-type="corresp">
        <p>Endere&#231;o para correspond&#234;ncia</p>
        <p>Francisco Manes Albanesi Filho </p>
        <p> Rua Bar&#227;o de Icara&#237;, 21/504 </p>
        <p> 22250-110 </p>
        <p> Rio de Janeiro, RJ </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p><email xlink:href="albanesi@cardiol.br">albanesi@cardiol.br</email>, </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="pgcard@uerj.br">pgcard@uerj.br</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p>Enviado em 10/04/2003 </p>
    <p> Aceito em 10/02/2005</p>
  </body>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">What is the current scenario for heart failure in Brazil?</article-title>
      </title-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p><bold>EDITORIAL</bold> EDITORIAL</p>
      <p>What is the current scenario for heart failure in Brazil?</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Francisco Manes Albanesi Filho</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil</p>
      <p>
        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="back10-body2">Correspondence</xref>
      </p>
      <p>Brazil - at this point in time with a population of 169,799,170, 50.77% females, mostly concentrated in urban areas (81.24%) - reported life expectancy increase at birth: from 64 years in 1985 up to 69 years in 2000<sup>1</sup>.</p>
      <p>The Ministry of Health (MS) holds the responsibility of over 75% of hospital admissions in the country, through its Unified Health System (SUS). SUS is the only data base for diseases characteristics in the country. The remaining 25% is assisted by health plans, which do not make records available to the general public.</p>
      <p>In the year 2002, 11,714,184 hospital admissions were done by SUS/MS. The top ten causes as identified by the International Classification of Diseases were: (ICD-10) for those admissions were: 1) Pregnancy, Delivery, and Puerperium 2,731,766; 2) Respiratory Apparatus Diseases - 1,820,634; 3) Cardiovascular Apparatus Diseases - 1,216,771; 4) Infectious and Parasitic Diseases - 1,042,136; 5) Digestive Apparatus Diseases - 986,406; 6) Genitourinary Apparatus Disease -770,352; 7) Injuries from External Causes - 688,687; 8) Neoplasias - 527,747; 9) Endocrinologic, Nutritional, and Metabolic Diseases - 322,093; and 10) Mental and Behavioral Disorders - 308,264<sup>2</sup>.</p>
      <p>While analyzing the clinical causes that have accounted for a higher number of hospital admissions in 2002 under SUS/MS, heart failure (HF) was ranked third (372,604), after pneumonia (794,260) and asthma (376,447)<sup>2</sup>.</p>
      <p>In the last ten years HF has been reporting changing figures for hospital admissions, ranging from 372,604 to 524,155, which stands for a 3.18% to 3.71% rate range for all admissions in the country. Death rate ranged between 5.41% and 6.97% in the same period. As for hospital admissions, 2002 reported the lowest number in the last 10-year period<sup>2</sup> (<xref ref-type="table" rid="tab1-body2">table I</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="tab1-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-85-03-0155-00001-gt01-en.jpg"/></table-wrap>
      <p>Data on 2002 hospital admissions due to HF show that 186,810 (50.13%) were females. Patients under 20 years of age totaled 5,720 (1.53%), predominantely males (2,872). The 20-59-year-old range (110,900-29.76%) also reported males as predominant (57,700)/ while the elderly (<underline>&gt;</underline> 60 years old) totaled 255,983 (68.70%), with predominance of females (130,832)<sup>2</sup>.</p>
      <p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1-body2">Figure 1</xref> shows the increase in the number of hospital admissions and deaths resulting from HF, as well as death resulting from HF as age advances towards the 70-79-year-old range. It should be pointed out that as of 70 years of age, women - with longer life expectancy - report higher number of hospital admissions and deaths<sup>2</sup>.</p>
      <fig id="fig1-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-85-03-0155-00001-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>The highest number of hospital admissions was shown to be in Southeastern Brazil (the most densely populated area), totaling 147,475 (39.58%), followed by the Northeast (94,966 - 25.49%), the South (78,580 - 21.09%), Central-West (35,330 - 9.48%) and North (16,253 - 4.36%). Except for the age range up to 20 years of age - where the Northeastern Region reported the highest number of hospital admissions (2,104 out of 5.720 - 37.41%), the Southeastern states reported the highest number for all other age ranges<sup>2</sup>. The same was true for the number of deaths: 12,868 (49.52%) in the Southeastern Region; 5,597 (21.54%) in the Northeast; 4,835 (18.61%) in the South; 1,791 (6.89%), in the Central-West; and 893 (3.44%) in the Northern Region.</p>
      <p>The same was true for the correlation between death rate and age range, with the Northeastern Region accounting for the highest number (191 out of 479 - 39.87%) for the age range under 20. The Southeastern Region reported highest numbers for all other age ranges - (2,850 out of 5,886 - 48.42% for the 20-59 years of age range, and 9,860 out of 19,619 - 50.26% in the <underline>&gt;</underline>60 years of age range)<sup>2</sup>.</p>
      <p>The states to report highest number of hospital admissions were Minas Gerais (57,844), S&#227;o Paulo (53,754), and Bahia (36,216). Those to report the lowest numbers were Roraima (151), Amap&#225; (335), and Acre (551). The states to report highest numbers of deaths were S&#227;o Paulo (5,969), Minas Gerais (3,689) and Rio de Janeiro (2,822). Highest mortality rates were reported in the states of Acre (12.89), S&#227;o Paulo (11.10) and Capital District (10.86). Lowest mortality rates were reported in Piau&#237; (2.58), Tocantins (3.49), and Mato Grosso (3.87)<sup>2</sup>.</p>
      <p>Mortality rate is higher among patients under 1 year of age (14.4), reaching average rate in the 20-59-year-old range (5.31), to later on increase to 6.17 in the 60-69-year-old range; and then to 7.43 for the 70-79-year-old range, and 10.02 for patients over 80 years old.</p>
      <p>Total cost to support the 11,714,184 hospital admissions by SUS along 2002 was R$ 5.401.359.717,36, out of which R$ 1.012.457.705,60 were taken by the 1,216,771 hospital admissions due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). That amounts to 10.38% of all hospital admissions. Heart Failure accounted for R$ 198.836.488,73 to cover 372,604 hospital admissions, which corresponds to 3.68% of all admissions and 19.64% of those resulting from cardiovascular diseases. <xref ref-type="table" rid="tab2-body2">Table II</xref> illustrates total expenditure, plus specifications, per region<sup>2</sup>.</p>
      <table-wrap id="tab2-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-85-03-0155-00001-gt02-en.jpg"/></table-wrap>
      <p>Cardiovascular diseases, accounting for a total of R$ 1.012.457.705,60, were the ones to require highest fundings to cover 1,216,771 hospital admissions, followed by R$ 692.648.380,57 due to pregnancy, delivery and puerperium, totaling 2,731,766 admissions. Respiratory apparatus diseases are ranked third, totaling R$ 655.217.483,80 for the expenses of 1,820,634 hospital admissions<sup>2</sup>.</p>
      <p>From all hospital admissions in 2002, 335,110 (2.86%) deaths were reported, being 85,620 (25.54%) due to CVD and 25,984 (7.75%) to HF<sup>2</sup>.</p>
      <p>Therefore, epidemiologic data on the syndrome in this country are similar to those found in developed countries. The only difference is related to financial investments, since Brazil counts on quite lower sums as compared to large centers worldwide. The total number of hospital admissions has been decreasing. However, the number of deaths has been kept stable, probably due to the fact that hospital admissions are associated to patients in more severe condition, and with myocardial function more severely affected. Such condition reports higher impairment of the elderly, to be turned into the number one cause for hospital admissions for patients over 60 years old, accounting for 255,983 hospital admissions, followed by bronchitis/emphyzema (168,598), and pneumonia (129,194)<sup>2</sup>.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>REFERENCES</bold>
      </p>
      <p>1. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.Ibge.gov.br">www.Ibge.gov.br</ext-link></p>
      <p>2. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.datasus.gov.br">www. datasus.gov.br</ext-link></p>
      <p>
        <fn id="back10-body2" fn-type="corresp">
          <label>
            <bold>Correspondence to</bold>
          </label>
          <p>Francisco Manes Albanesi Filho</p>
          <p> Rua Bar&#227;o de Icara&#237;, 21/504</p>
          <p> 22250-110</p>
          <p> Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil</p>
          <p> E-mail: </p>
          <p><email xlink:href="albanesi@cardiol.br">albanesi@cardiol.br</email>, </p>
          <p>
            <email xlink:href="pgcard@uerj.br">pgcard@uerj.br</email>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </p>
      <p>Received on 04/10/2003</p>
      <p> Accepted on 02/10/2005</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
