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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">cdds5dg4WL4wvX4Pc4hZrBv</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00013</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2005001400013</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(05)08500113</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2005001400013</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Aneurisma do &#225;trio direito associado &#224; hidropisia fetal: diagn&#243;stico por ecocardiografia fetal</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barberato</surname>
            <given-names>Marcia Ferreira Alves</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barberato</surname>
            <given-names>Silvio Henrique</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gomes</surname>
            <given-names>Cl&#225;udio Correa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Costa</surname>
            <given-names>S&#233;rgio Luis</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Krawiec</surname>
            <given-names>Alfred</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state"/>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Centro de Medicina Materno-Fetal</institution>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2005</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>85</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>65</fpage>
      <lpage>67</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>06</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2004</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2005</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Os aneurismas de &#225;trio direito s&#227;o entidades raramente relatadas na pr&#225;tica cardiol&#243;gica, especialmente em vida intra-uterina, e podendo ser confundidos com derrame peric&#225;rdico e anomalia de Ebstein da valva tric&#250;spide. Apresentamos revis&#227;o da literatura e ilustramos com caso de diagn&#243;stico pr&#233;-natal de aneurisma de &#225;trio direito cursando com sinais de hidropisia.</p>
      </abstract>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>29</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2005</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>RELATO DE CASO</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Aneurisma do &#225;trio direito associado &#224; hidropisia fetal: diagn&#243;stico por ecocardiografia fetal </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Marcia Ferreira Alves Barberato; Silvio Henrique Barberato; Cl&#225;udio Correa Gomes; S&#233;rgio Luis Costa; Alfred Krawiec </bold>
    </p>
    <p>CEMMEF- Centro de Medicina Materno-Fetal - Curitiba, PR </p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end">Endere&#231;o para correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>RESUMO</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Os aneurismas de &#225;trio direito s&#227;o entidades raramente relatadas na pr&#225;tica cardiol&#243;gica, especialmente em vida intra-uterina, e podendo ser confundidos com derrame peric&#225;rdico e anomalia de Ebstein da valva tric&#250;spide. Apresentamos revis&#227;o da literatura e ilustramos com caso de diagn&#243;stico pr&#233;-natal de aneurisma de &#225;trio direito cursando com sinais de hidropisia.</p>
    <p> O aneurisma do &#225;trio direito (AD) &#233; uma malforma&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca de etiologia desconhecida, raramente encontrada na literatura m&#233;dica, especialmente quando se trata de diagn&#243;stico pr&#233;-natal. Devido &#224; sua raridade, pode ser facilmente confundido com outras cardiopatias que levam &#224; dilata&#231;&#227;o do AD, como a anomalia de Ebstein da valva tric&#250;spide<sup>1,2</sup>. Al&#233;m disto, sua evolu&#231;&#227;o intra-uterina usualmente silenciosa e o ainda restrito uso da ecocardiografia fetal no rastreamento das cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas em nosso meio contribuem para que o diagn&#243;stico s&#243; seja feito, na maioria das vezes, na idade adulta<sup>3,4</sup>. Apresentamos um caso de diagn&#243;stico intra-uterino de aneurisma do AD associado &#224; hidropisia, em feto com tra&#231;os sindr&#244;micos. </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Relato do Caso</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Paciente de cor branca, 26 anos, Gesta II Para I, com 22 semanas de gesta&#231;&#227;o, encaminhada ao servi&#231;o de medicina materno-fetal devido &#224; derrame peric&#225;rdico, detectado em ecografia obst&#233;trica de rotina. Ecocardiograma fetal afastou a presen&#231;a de derrame peric&#225;rdico e aventou-se, como hip&#243;tese inicial, anomalia de Ebstein, com grande dilata&#231;&#227;o do AD e regurgita&#231;&#227;o tric&#250;spide discreta. Ap&#243;s 2 semanas, o feto passou a apresentar sinais de hidropisia (ascite e edema de pele). Novo ecocardiograma permitiu avalia&#231;&#227;o mais detalhada da anatomia da valva tric&#250;spide, n&#227;o demonstrando implanta&#231;&#227;o caudal valvar t&#237;pica de Ebstein. O AD aneurism&#225;tico estendia-se cranialmente at&#233; a veia cava superior e aorta ascendente e, caudalmente, para o &#225;pice do cora&#231;&#227;o, margeando o ventr&#237;culo direito (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig01">fig. 1</xref>). Foi discutido o uso de digital e diur&#233;tico, por&#233;m a equipe assistente preferiu conduta expectante. Com 30 semanas de idade gestacional, ecografia de controle apontou retardo de crescimento intra-uterino e sinais de sofrimento fetal, optando-se pela interrup&#231;&#227;o da gravidez. Rec&#233;m-nascido (RN) de parto operat&#243;rio, com peso de 2.250 gramas, APGAR 4 e 7 no primeiro e quinto minutos, respectivamente, havendo necessidade de ventila&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica. Ao exame f&#237;sico, detectou-se edema generalizado, f&#225;cies sindr&#244;mico (formato triangular, testa proeminente, baixa implanta&#231;&#227;o auricular) e hepatomegalia de consist&#234;ncia firme. O RN foi transferido para UTI neonatal, onde ecocardiograma transtor&#225;cico confirmou a doen&#231;a (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig02">fig. 2</xref>). N&#227;o foram visibilizados contraste espont&#226;neo ou presen&#231;a de trombo no interior do aneurisma. Confirmou-se regurgita&#231;&#227;o tric&#250;spide discreta e verificou-se a presen&#231;a de comunica&#231;&#227;o interatrial pequena. O RN cursou com parada cardiorrespirat&#243;ria e &#243;bito com apenas 10 horas de vida, n&#227;o tendo sido avaliado por geneticista. A necropsia mostrou aneurisma gigante de parede livre do AD com aspecto <italic>paper-thin</italic>, medindo 7x2,8 cm e ocupando quase todo o mediastino. Valvas atrioventriculares e semilunares de aspecto macrosc&#243;pico normal, ventr&#237;culos com dimens&#245;es preservadas e peric&#225;rdio sem altera&#231;&#245;es. Verificada comunica&#231;&#227;o interatrial do tipo forame oval com 1,6 mm de di&#226;metro. F&#237;gado com tamanho aumentado, de consist&#234;ncia endurecida e aspecto nodular. Bi&#243;psia hep&#225;tica revelou atresia de vias biliares. N&#227;o foi realizado cari&#243;tipo. </p>
    <fig id="fig01">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-85-01-0065-00013-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    <fig id="fig02">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-85-01-0065-00013-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>
      <bold>Discuss&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Relatos de aneurisma do AD t&#234;m sido feitos na inf&#226;ncia<sup>5</sup>, idade adulta<sup>3,4</sup> e, muito raramente, na vida intra-uterina<sup>6,7</sup>. A maior revis&#227;o publicada sobre as malforma&#231;&#245;es cong&#234;nitas do AD, abrangendo de 1955 a 1999<sup>8</sup>, enumerou 60 casos de dilata&#231;&#227;o global cong&#234;nita do AD entre 105 relatos, tornando-a o tipo mais comum de malforma&#231;&#227;o desta c&#226;mara. Ap&#243;s minuciosa busca na literatura indexada, encontramos 4 casos de dilata&#231;&#227;o intra-uterina do AD diagnosticada por meio de ultra-som fetal. Em apenas 2 deles houve o diagn&#243;stico inicial correto de aneurisma do AD. No primeiro caso, ap&#243;s o achado de dilata&#231;&#227;o do AD associada &#224; insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide, suspeitou-se de anomalia de Ebstein. Logo ap&#243;s o nascimento, ecocardiograma transtor&#225;cico firmou o diagn&#243;stico correto<sup>1</sup>. No segundo caso, o aneurisma do AD foi diagnosticado em feto com 17 semanas de gesta&#231;&#227;o, sem sinais de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca. Optou-se por interrup&#231;&#227;o da gesta&#231;&#227;o e o estudo de necropsia foi confirmat&#243;rio<sup>6</sup>. No terceiro caso, o diagn&#243;stico de anomalia de Ebstein foi feito em feto de 35 semanas e confirmado ap&#243;s o nascimento. Aos 10 meses de vida, a crian&#231;a apresentou sinais de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca direita refrat&#225;ria e foi submetida &#224; cirurgia. No ato operat&#243;rio, encontrou-se valva tric&#250;spide normalmente posicionada e o AD teve sua parede livre parcialmente ressecada. A evolu&#231;&#227;o foi assintom&#225;tica por 4 anos de seguimento<sup>2</sup>. No quarto e &#250;ltimo caso que seja do nosso conhecimento, o aneurisma do AD foi precisamente diagnosticado em gestante de 32 semanas que passava por ecografia obst&#233;trica de rotina e o per&#237;odo perinatal cursou sem intercorr&#234;ncias. A crian&#231;a evoluiu assintom&#225;tica at&#233; um ano de idade quando ecocardiogramas seriados demonstraram aumento progressivo do aneurisma (gerando compress&#227;o vascular) e aparecimento de trombo intracard&#237;aco. Optou-se por tratamento cir&#250;rgico que transcorreu sem complica&#231;&#245;es. Ap&#243;s acompanhamento por um ano, a crian&#231;a permanecia saud&#225;vel<sup>7</sup>. </p>
    <p>O presente caso, embora inicialmente tamb&#233;m tenha sido confundido com anomalia de Ebstein, apresenta algumas peculiaridades. A grave evolu&#231;&#227;o com hidropisia e sofrimento fetal, necessitando interromper a gravidez, n&#227;o havia ainda sido relatada. Todos os casos previamente descritos foram achados de exame em eco grafia obst&#233;trica sistem&#225;tica. Em nenhum deles o feto apresentava sinais de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, a despeito de grande dilata&#231;&#227;o atrial. Na maioria dos casos, o diagn&#243;stico do aneurisma do AD s&#243; &#233; feito em idade mais avan&#231;ada, seja por achado de exame<sup>5</sup>, arritmias atriais<sup>4</sup> e fen&#244;menos emb&#243;licos<sup>9</sup>. Pode-se inferir que sua evolu&#231;&#227;o no per&#237;odo fetal e na inf&#226;ncia &#233; comumente benigna e silenciosa. No presente caso, duas possibilidades podem ter levado &#224; hidropisia: a prov&#225;vel s&#237;ndrome que o feto portava (sem haver rela&#231;&#227;o com o aneurisma em si) ou, alternativamente, devido &#224; compress&#227;o de estruturas vasculares e ventr&#237;culo direito, obstruindo o retorno venoso e prejudicando o d&#233;bito card&#237;aco. A grande dilata&#231;&#227;o do AD e do anel tric&#250;spide, causando pseudodeslocamento do folheto septal da valva, levou &#224; impress&#227;o diagn&#243;stica inicial err&#244;nea de anomalia de Ebstein. O f&#225;cies sindr&#244;mico associado &#224; doen&#231;a biliar intra-hep&#225;tica e malforma&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca direita nos fez incluir no diagn&#243;stico diferencial a s&#237;ndrome de Alagille<sup>10</sup>. Entretanto, pelos crit&#233;rios cl&#225;ssicos para defini&#231;&#227;o da s&#237;ndrome n&#227;o podemos afirmar que se trata de um caso t&#237;pico. Embora as malforma&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas direitas sejam as mais comuns nesta doen&#231;a, n&#227;o encontramos relato de aneurisma do AD. Infelizmente, a n&#227;o realiza&#231;&#227;o do cari&#243;tipo, conduta mandat&#243;ria em casos de cardiopatia fetal grave com suspeita de s&#237;ndrome, limitou o correto esclarecimento etiol&#243;gico. </p>
    <p>Nosso caso enfatiza o papel da ecocardiografia fetal no achado de cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas graves e raras cujo diagn&#243;stico n&#227;o &#233; realizado, o que pode acarretar mudan&#231;as nas taxas estat&#237;sticas e na terap&#234;utica apropriada. Pela pouca experi&#234;ncia acumulada com o aneurisma do AD diagnosticado em vida intra-uterina, a conduta mais sensata parece ser a expectante. Na eventualidade do achado de dilata&#231;&#227;o atrial em exame ecogr&#225;fico obst&#233;trico, deve-se proceder ao ecocardiograma fetal com especialista habilitado para o diagn&#243;stico diferencial do aneurisma do AD com outras anomalias que cursam com aumento de AD, derrame peric&#225;rdico e tumores. </p>
    <p>
      <fn id="end" fn-type="corresp">
        <label>
          <bold>Endere&#231;o para correspond&#234;ncia</bold>
        </label>
        <p> Silvio Henrique Barberato </p>
        <p> Rua Saint Hilaire, 122/203 </p>
        <p> 80240-140 - Curitiba, PR </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="silviohb@cardiol.br">silviohb@cardiol.br</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p>Recebido em 06/05/2004 </p>
    <p> Aceito em 10/02/2005 </p>
  </body>
  <back>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Report</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Right atrial aneurysm associated to fetal hydrops: diagnosis through fetal echocardiography</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Right atrium aneurysms are entities which are rarely reported in cardiologic practice, especially in intrauterine life, and may be mistaken with pericardial effusion and Ebstein's anomaly. We show a review of the literature and illustrate with a case of prenatal diagnosis of right atrium aneurysm running through with hydropsy signs.</p>
      </abstract>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>CASE REPORT</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Right atrial aneurysm associated to fetal hydrops: diagnosis through fetal echocardiography</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Marcia Ferreira Alves Barberato; Silvio Henrique Barberato; Cl&#225;udio Correa Gomes; S&#233;rgio Luis Costa; Alfred Krawiec </bold>
      </p>
      <p>CEMMEF- Centro de Medicina Materno-Fetal - Curitiba, PR - Brazil</p>
      <p>
        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end-body2">Correspondence</xref>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>ABSTRACT</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Right atrium aneurysms are entities which are rarely reported in cardiologic practice, especially in intrauterine life, and may be mistaken with pericardial effusion and Ebstein's anomaly. We show a review of the literature and illustrate with a case of prenatal diagnosis of right atrium aneurysm running through with hydropsy signs. </p>
      <p>The right atrial (RA) aneurysm is a cardiac malformation of unknown etiology, rarely found in medical literature, especially when is about prenatal diagnosis. Due to its rareness, it can be easily mistaken with other cardiopathies that lead to RA dilatation, such as Ebstein's anomaly of tricuspid valve<sup>1,2</sup>. Besides, its usually silent intrauterine evolution and the still restricted use of fetal echocardiography in the tracking of congenital cardiopathies in our milieu contribute to the diagnosis is only done, mostly, in adult age<sup>3,4</sup>. We show a case of intrauterine diagnosis of RA aneurysm associated to fetal hydrops with syndrome traces. </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Case Report</bold>
      </p>
      <p>A 26-year-old white patient, 2 pregnancies, 1 delivery, with 22 weeks of pregnancy, sent to the service of materno-fetal medicine due to pericardial effusion, detected in a routine obstetric echography. Fetal echocardiogram dispelled the presence of pericardial effusion and suggested, as initial hypothesis, Ebstein's anomaly with great RA dilatation and mild tricuspid regurgitation. After 2 weeks, the fetus started to show signs of hydrops (ascitis and skin edema). A new echocardiogram allowed for a more detailed assessment of the anatomy of tricuspid valve, without demonstrating Ebstein's typical valvar caudal implantation. The aneurysmatic RA extended cranially to the superior cava vein and ascending aorta and, caudally, to the heart's apex, bordering the right ventricle (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig01-body2">fig. 1</xref>). The use of digital and diuretic was discussed, but the assistant team preferred expectant management. With 30 weeks of pregnancy, control echography showed an intrauterine growth retardation and signs of fetal suffering, opting for interruption of pregnancy. The newborn (NB) from operative birth, weighing 2,250 grams, APGAR 4 and 7 at the first and fifth minutes, respectively, with the need for mechanical ventilation. At the physical examination, generalized edema, syndromic facies (triangular shape, prominent forehead, low auricular implantation) and sturdy consistency hepatomegaly were detected. The NB was transferred to neonatal ICU, where transthoracic echocardiogram confirmed the disease (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig02-body2">fig. 2</xref>). Spontaneous contrast or thrombus presence was not seen inside the aneurysm. Discreet tricuspid regurgitation was confirmed and the presence of small interatrial communication was verified. The NB had cardiorespiratory arrest and death with only 10 hours of life, having not been assessed by a geneticist. The necropsy showed a giant aneurysm of free wall of RA with paper-thin aspect, measuring 7x2.8 cm and taking almost the whole mediastinum. Atrioventricular and semilunar valves of normal macroscopic aspect, ventricles with preserved dimensions and pericardium without changes. Oval foramen-type interatrial communication with diameter of 1.6 mm was verified. Liver with increased size, of hardened consistency and nodular aspect. Hepatic biopsy showed atresia of biliary ways. Karyotype was not performed. </p>
      <fig id="fig01-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-85-01-0065-00013-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <fig id="fig02-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-85-01-0065-00013-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>
        <bold>Discussion</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Reports on aneurysm of RA have been carried out at childhood<sup>5</sup>, adult age<sup>3,4</sup> and, very rarely in intrauterine life<sup>6,7</sup>. The greatest review published on congenital malformations of RA, comprising from 1955 to 1999<sup>8</sup>, listed 60 cases of global congenital dilatation of RA among 105 reports, which made it the most common type of malformation of this chamber. After a thoroughly search in the related literature, we found 4 cases of intrauterine dilatation of RA diagnosed by means of fetal ultrasound. In only two of them there was the correct initial diagnosis of RA aneurysm. Ebstein's anomaly was suspected of in the first case, after the finding of RA dilatation associated to tricuspid insufficiency. Soon after the birth, a transthoracic echocardiogram confirmed the correct diagnosis<sup>1</sup>. In the second case, RA aneurysm was diagnosed in a fetus with 17 weeks of pregnancy, without signs of heart failure. The option was the interruption of the pregnancy and the study of necropsy was confirmatory<sup>6</sup>. In the third case, the Ebstein's anomaly diagnosis was done in 35 weeks and confirmed after birth. At 10 months of life, the infant showed signs of refractory right heart failure and was submitted to surgery. In the operative act, the tricuspid valve was normally positioned and the RA had its free wall partially dissected. The evolution was asymptomatic for 4 years of follow-up<sup>2</sup>. In the fourth and last case of our knowledge, the RA aneurysm was precisely diagnosed in a 32-week pregnant woman who was under routine obstetric echography and the perinatal period went on without intercurrences. The infant evolved asymptomatically up to one year of age when we serial echocardiograms showed a progressive increase of the aneurysm (generating vascular compression) and appearance of intracardiac thrombus. The option was surgical treatment that went by without complications. After an one year follow-up, the infant stayed healthy<sup>7</sup>. </p>
      <p>The present case, although initially have also been mistaken with Ebstein's anomaly, shows some peculiarities. The severe evolution with fetal hydrops and suffering, needing to interrupt the pregnancy, have not been reported yet. All cases were found of exam in systematic obstetric echography. In none of them the fetus showed signs of heart failure, despite of large atrial dilatation. In most cases, the RA aneurysm diagnosis is only done at a more advanced age, either through exam finding<sup>5</sup>, atrial arrhythmias<sup>4</sup> and embolic phenomena<sup>9</sup>. It is possible to infer that its evolution in the fetal period is usually benign and silent. In the present case, two possibilities may have led to hydrops: the probable syndrome the fetus carried (without relation to the aneurysm itself) or, alternatively, due to the compression of vascular structures and right ventricle, obstructing the venous return and impairing the cardiac output. The large dilatation of RA and of tricuspid ring, causing a pseudo displacement of the septal leaflet of the valve, led to the mistaken initial diagnostic impression of Ebstein's anomaly. The syndromic facies associated to intrahepatic biliary disease and right heart malformation made us include the syndrome of Alagille<sup>10</sup> in the differential diagnosis. However, through the classic criteria for the definition of the syndrome we cannot ascertain that it is a typical case. Although the right heart malformations are the most common in that disease, we did not find any report of RA aneurysm. Unfortunately, the non-performance of the karyotype, a mandatory management in cases of severe fetal cardiopathy with suspicion of syndrome, limited the correct etiological clarifying. </p>
      <p>Our case emphasizes the role of fetal echocardiography in the finding of severe and rare congenital cardiopathies, whose diagnosis is not done, which may give rise to changes in statistic rates and in the proper therapeutic. For the little experience accumulated with RA aneurysm diagnosed in intrauterine life, the wiser conduct seems to be the expectant. In the eventuality of the finding of atrial dilatation in obstetric echographic exam, it must be proceeded to the fetal echocardiogram with a specialist qualified for the differential diagnosis of RA aneurysm with other anomalies that take place with increase of RA, pericardial effusion and tumors. </p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <fn id="end-body2" fn-type="corresp">
          <label>
            <bold>Correspondence to</bold>
          </label>
          <p> Silvio Henrique Barberato </p>
          <p> Rua Saint Hilaire, 122/203 </p>
          <p> 80240-140 - Curitiba, PR - Brazil </p>
          <p> E-mail: </p>
          <p>
            <email xlink:href="silviohb@cardiol.br">silviohb@cardiol.br</email>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </p>
      <p>Received for publishing on 05/06/2004</p>
      <p> Accepted on 02/10/2005</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
