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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">H6qsdn4B4TKV4jBJp53nZbM</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00001</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2005000600001</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(05)08400601</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2005000600001</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>"Tempo &#233; vida": um dever de conscientiza&#231;&#227;o da morte s&#250;bita</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Canesin</surname>
            <given-names>Manoel Fernandes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Timermam</surname>
            <given-names>Sergio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Marques</surname>
            <given-names>Fl&#225;vio Rocha Brito</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ferreira</surname>
            <given-names>Dario</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Moura</surname>
            <given-names>Irani Ribeiro de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff02">
        <institution content-type="orgname">FMUSP</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas </institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff03">
        <institution content-type="orgname">Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Londrina</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Estadual de Londrina</institution>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2005</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>84</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>441</fpage>
      <lpage>442</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2005</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>EDITORIAL</bold>
    </p>
    <p>"Tempo &#233; vida" - Um dever de conscientiza&#231;&#227;o da morte s&#250;bita </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Manoel Fernandes Canesin; Sergio Timermam; Fl&#225;vio Rocha Brito Marques; Dario Ferreira; Irani Ribeiro de Moura </bold>
    </p>
    <p>Universidade Estadual de Londrina - Londrina, PR Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas - FMUSP e Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de - S&#227;o Paulo, SP</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end">Endere&#231;o para correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p> Nos &#250;ltimos meses, estamos vivendo momentos de ang&#250;stia e de debate em torno da morte s&#250;bita, que &#233; a primeira causa geral de morte pr&#233;-hospitalar em nosso pa&#237;s, bem como em pa&#237;ses desenvolvidos. A emerg&#234;ncia cardiovascular, quer seja pr&#233;-hospitalar ou hospitalar, &#233; muito mais que grandes investimentos em preven&#231;&#227;o, tromb&#243;lise, intervencionismo e desfibrila&#231;&#227;o isolada. &#201; dever da sociedade dar conscientiza&#231;&#227;o e capacita&#231;&#227;o para m&#233;dicos, profissionais de sa&#250;de n&#227;o m&#233;dicos e leigos. </p>
    <p>As mortes recentes de jogadores de futebol e outros atletas colocaram a emerg&#234;ncia cardiovascular em destaque e criaram um motivo a mais para investimentos cient&#237;ficos em educa&#231;&#227;o continuada e investimentos financeiros na &#225;rea. De maneira an&#225;loga a estas mortes espor&#225;dicas de personalidades, morrem ao dia, em nosso pa&#237;s, cerca de 800 pessoas de diversas faixas et&#225;rias, que n&#227;o foram filmadas e nem televisionadas<sup>1</sup>. As discuss&#245;es mais proveitosas que podem ser retiradas destes eventos n&#227;o s&#227;o relacionadas ao encontro de culpados, pois se existirem culpados isolados em algum desses casos, ter&#237;amos que julgar os outros 799 casos di&#225;rios, o que seria humanamente invi&#225;vel e sem resultados, pois o principal enfoque que temos de dar &#233; no salvamento do maior n&#250;mero poss&#237;vel de vidas. Devemos, sim, tra&#231;ar estrat&#233;gias e medidas em educa&#231;&#227;o continuada, propor investimentos e instituir protocolos cient&#237;ficos na &#225;rea. </p>
    <p>Em junho de 2004, a Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, juntamente com a Associa&#231;&#227;o de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira (AMIB) e o Conselho Nacional de Ressuscitac&#227;o (CNR) iniciaram campanha com o dever de conscientizar as quatro principais situa&#231;&#245;es <bold>tempo-dependentes</bold> em emerg&#234;ncia: <bold>parada cardiorrespirat&#243;ria, infarto do mioc&#225;rdio, acidente vascular cerebral </bold>e<bold> obstru&#231;&#227;o das vias a&#233;reas</bold>. As tr&#234;s primeiras destas situa&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o emerg&#234;ncias cardiovasculares e devem ser, sem nenhuma d&#250;vida, motivo de preocupa&#231;&#227;o e campo de atua&#231;&#227;o de nossa sociedade. </p>
    <p>A campanha<bold> Tempo &#233; Vida</bold><sup>2</sup> tem como objetivo conscientizar e capacitar leigos nos primeiros elos da cadeia de sobrevida da parada cardiorrespirat&#243;ria, infarto do mioc&#225;rdio e acidente vascular cerebral, al&#233;m da obstru&#231;&#227;o das vias a&#233;reas, que s&#227;o as emerg&#234;ncias cl&#237;nicas de maior morbidade e mortalidade em nosso meio. Contando com outras sociedades m&#233;dicas e n&#227;o m&#233;dicas e visando sensibilizar a popula&#231;&#227;o e o governo, a campanha tem tamb&#233;m como objetivo incentivar a educa&#231;&#227;o de m&#233;dicos e de outros profissionais de sa&#250;de no tratamento inicial da emerg&#234;ncia cardiovascular, principalmente a parada cardiorrespirat&#243;ria, atrav&#233;s da institui&#231;&#227;o de protocolos de suporte b&#225;sico de vida e acesso p&#250;blico &#224; desfibrila&#231;&#227;o, que s&#227;o medidas j&#225; amplamente disseminadas em outros pa&#237;ses. </p>
    <p>At&#233; recentemente, os sistemas de emerg&#234;ncia pr&#233;-hospitalares existentes em no Brasil n&#227;o possu&#237;am uma regula&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica &#250;nica e eram voltados mais exclusivamente para o trauma. Com a implanta&#231;&#227;o, pelo Governo Federal, do Sistema de Atendimento M&#243;vel de Urg&#234;ncia (SAMU), de modelo franc&#234;s, em v&#225;rias cidades do Brasil, o objetivo &#233; que a emerg&#234;ncia seja vista como um todo. Sendo assim, a participa&#231;&#227;o da emerg&#234;ncia cardiovascular ganha espa&#231;o e ser&#225; valorizada como realmente deve ser. Para tal, diferente do modelo do trauma que &#233; centrado nos profissionais de sa&#250;de, existe a necessidade de melhor prepara&#231;&#227;o da popula&#231;&#227;o leiga, de profissionais de sa&#250;de n&#227;o m&#233;dicos e dos m&#233;dicos. O SAMU atendeu, at&#233; outubro de 2004, atrav&#233;s de regula&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica, 150.460 casos (DATASUS), distribu&#237;dos nos 38 SAMUs pesquisados, sendo 71.137 (47,2%) destes casos de atendimento cl&#237;nico isolado (excluindo trauma, emerg&#234;ncias psiqui&#225;tricas, obst&#233;tricas e pedi&#225;tricas). Entre os atendimentos cl&#237;nicos, os cardiovasculares e respirat&#243;rios foram os predominantes, sendo mais de 15.000 casos atendidos at&#233; o per&#237;odo. Grande parte destes casos &#233; dependente de um suporte b&#225;sico adequado, ou seja, pessoas leigas que reconhe&#231;am e saibam o que fazer nos primeiros sinais e sintomas de uma emerg&#234;ncia ou urg&#234;ncia cardiovascular. A educa&#231;&#227;o continuada de leigos por profissionais de sa&#250;de, capacitados no ensino de emerg&#234;ncia cardiovascular, est&#225; diretamente relacionada &#224; sobrevida de pacientes com infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio e parada cardiorrespirat&#243;ria. A exist&#234;ncia de um sistema de sa&#250;de pr&#233;-hospitalar, que visa o atendimento da emerg&#234;ncia cardiovascular adequado, s&#243; ir&#225; acontecer plenamente quando um sistema de suporte b&#225;sico de vida seja implantado com excel&#234;ncia na comunidade como um todo. Este sistema deve abordar todos os aspectos da sensibiliza&#231;&#227;o e do treinamento de leigos e profissionais de sa&#250;de. O primeiro passo foi dado com o SAMU e &#233; dever das sociedades m&#233;dicas fortalecer a cadeia de sobrevida como um todo. </p>
    <p>O papel do cardiologista e do profissional que atua em emerg&#234;ncia cardiovascular &#233; fundamental, pois eles possuem vis&#245;es globalizadas da quest&#227;o, envolvendo desde a parte pr&#233;-hospitalar at&#233; a hospitalar. A atua&#231;&#227;o da cardiologia nesta &#225;rea n&#227;o possui limita&#231;&#245;es. Vai do essencial treinamento em suporte b&#225;sico e avan&#231;ado de vida, realizado para leigos, profissionais n&#227;o m&#233;dicos e m&#233;dicos, assim como em medidas terap&#234;uticas como a tromb&#243;lise, medidas intervencionistas e no desenvolvimento de consensos e pesquisa em emerg&#234;ncia cardiovascular. </p>
    <p>A morte s&#250;bita deve ser encarada como uma epidemia pelas sociedades m&#233;dica e n&#227;o m&#233;dica e evitada com todo empenho. O empenho m&#233;dico deve ser voltado tanto para a preven&#231;&#227;o da parada cardiorrespirat&#243;ria, quanto para o tratamento imediato. Sendo o tempo e a organiza&#231;&#227;o no atendimento fatores fundamentais no tratamento da fibrila&#231;&#227;o ventricular, assim como a desfibrila&#231;&#227;o imediata. Profissionais n&#227;o m&#233;dicos e leigos devidamente capacitados devem estar envolvidos neste tratamento<sup>3</sup>. Para o controle desta epidemia, a cardiologia deve ser respaldada t&#233;cnica e cientificamente em consensos internacionais, tantos nos protocolos de tratamento como de treinamento<sup>4</sup>. Outras causas de morte, como o trauma, apesar de menos comuns que a morte s&#250;bita, trazem consigo impacto social maior, conseguindo assim maior respaldo governamental e da sociedade. Por&#233;m, &#233; dever da sociedade de cardiologia se envolver, juntamente com outras sociedades, e dar o respaldo cient&#237;fico para que esta causa t&#227;o freq&#252;ente de &#243;bitos em nosso meio seja discutida e tenha sua import&#226;ncia devidamente reconhecida pela sociedade. <bold>Tempo &#233; Vida!</bold> </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Refer&#234;ncias</bold>
    </p>
    <p> 1. Antman EM. ACC/AHA Guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. 2004 (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.acc.org/clinical/guidelines/stemi/index.htm">http://www.acc.org/clinical/guidelines/stemi/index.htm</ext-link>). </p>
    <p>2. Carmeliet E. Cardiac ionic currents and acute ischemia: from channels to arrhythmias. Physiol Rev 1999; 79: 917. </p>
    <p>3. Grines CL, Cox DA, Stone GW et al. Coronary angioplasty with or without stent implantation for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 1949. </p>
    <p>4. Kernis SJ, Harjai KJ, Stone GW et al. The incidence, predictors, and outcomes of early reinfarction after primary angioplasty for acute myiocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 42: 1173.</p>
    <p>
      <fn id="end" fn-type="corresp">
        <label>
          <bold>Endere&#231;o para correspond&#234;ncia</bold>
        </label>
        <p> Manoel Fernandes Canesin </p>
        <p> Rua Piau&#237;, 691 </p>
        <p> 86020-320 - Londrina, PR </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="mafecan@uol.com.br">mafecan@uol.com.br</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p>Enviado em 10/01/05 </p>
    <p> Aceito em 26/01/05</p>
  </body>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">"Time is life": a duty of awareness on sudden death</article-title>
      </title-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>EDITORIAL</bold>
      </p>
      <p>"Time is life" - A duty of awareness on sudden death</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Manoel Fernandes Canesin; Sergio Timermam; Fl&#225;vio Rocha Brito Marques; Dario Ferreira Irani Ribeiro de Moura </bold>
      </p>
      <p>Universidade Estadual de Londrina - Londrina, PR Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas - FMUSP e Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de - S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil </p>
      <p>
        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end-body2">Correspondence</xref>
      </p>
      <p>In the last months, we have been experiencing moments of anguish and debate on sudden death, which is the first general cause of pre-hospital in our country, as well as in developed countries. Cardiovascular emergency, either pre-hospital or in-hospital, is much more than big investments in prevention, thrombolysis, interventionism and isolated defibrillation. Providing awareness and habilitation for physicians, non-physician healthcare professionals and lay people is a necessary duty while society. </p>
      <p>Recent deaths of football players and other athletes have placed cardiovascular emergency under distinction and created another reason for scientific investments, investments in continuous education, and financial investments in the area. Similarly, approximately 800 people, from different age ranges, who have not been shot and shown on TV, die every day in our country<sup>1</sup>. The most profitable discussions that can be absorbed from those events are not related to finding the guilty ones, as if there are any single guilty parties in any of those cases, we would have to judge the other 799 daily cases, which would be humanly unfeasible and without any results, as the main emphasis would be in the lives that could have been saved. We must plan measures in continuous education, propose investments and institute scientific protocols in the area. </p>
      <p>In June 2004, Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (Brazilian Cardiology Association) along with Associa&#231;&#227;o de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira (AMIB) (Brazilian Intensive Medicine Association) and the Conselho Nacional de Ressuscitac&#227;o (CNR) (National Resuscitation Council) started a campaign with the aim of making aware the 4 major <bold>time-dependent </bold>situations in emergency: cardiorespiratory arrest, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident and obstruction of airways. The first three among those situations are cardiovascular emergencies and must be, unquestionably, a reason for preoccupation in the actuation field in our society. </p>
      <p><bold>Time is Life Campaign</bold><sup>2</sup> aims at making aware and habilitating lay people in the first links of cardiorespiratory arrest survival chain, myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accident, in addition to obstruction of airways, which are the greatest morbidity and mortality clinical emergencies in our field. By counting on other medical and non-medical associations, with popular sensitivity and the government, the campaign also aims at stimulating medical and other healthcare professional education in the initial treatment of cardiovascular emergency, especially cardiorespiratory arrest, through the institution of basic life support protocols and public access to defibrillation, which are already widely disseminated measures in other countries. </p>
      <p>Until recently, existing pre-hospital emergency systems in our country did not have a single medical regulation and were directed exclusively towards the trauma. With the implantation of SAMU (Sistema de Atendimento M&#243;vel de Urg&#234;ncia - Mobile Urgency Care System) from the federal government in many cities in Brazil, of French model, the objective is that emergency be seen as a whole. So, the participation of cardiovascular emergency conquers space and will be valued as it really should be. For that, different from the model of trauma centered in healthcare professionals, there is the need for a better preparation of lay population, of non-medical healthcare professional and physicians. SAMU attended to, until October, 2004, through medical regulation, 150,460 cases (DATASUS), distributed amongst the 38 SAMUs researched, being 71,137 (47.2%) of these cases clinically isolated (excluding trauma, psychiatric emergencies, obstetrician and pediatric). Among the clinical cases, cardiovascular and respiratory were predominant, representing more than 15,000 cases in the period. A great part of these cases is dependent of an adequate basic support, that is, of lay people who are able to recognize and know what to do at the first signals and symptoms of a cardiovascular emergency or urgency. The continuous education of lay people by health professionals, able in teaching cardiovascular emergency procedures, is directly linked to the survival rate of patients with acute myocardial infarction and cardiorespiratory arrest. The existence of a pre-hospital health system, aimed at an adequate cardiovascular emergency, will only happen entirely when a basic life support system is implemented with excellence in the community as a whole. This system must deal with all the aspects of the consciousness and training of the lay population and health professionals. The first step was given SAMU and it is the duty of medical societies to reinforce the survival chain as a whole. </p>
      <p>The role of the cardiologist and the cardiovascular emergency professional is fundamental, as it has the globalized view on the matter, involving from the pre-hospital part to the hospital one. Cardiology actuation in this area has no limitations. It goes from essential training in basic and advanced life support run for lay people, non-medical professionals and physicians, as well as in therapeutic measures as thrombolysis, interventionist measures and in the development of consensus and research in cardiovascular emergency. </p>
      <p>Sudden death must be faced as an epidemic by medical and non-medical society and avoided with all engagement. Medical engagement must be directed towards prevention from cardiorespiratory arrest as much as for the treatment. As time and organization in care are fundamental factors in the treatment of ventricular fibrillation (which is the main cause of cardiorespiratory arrest), as well as immediate defibrillation, duly qualified non-medical professionals and lay people must be involved in that treatment<sup>3</sup>. For the control of such epidemic, cardiology must be technically and scientifically supported in international consensus, both in treatment and training protocols<sup>4</sup>. Other death causes as the trauma, although not as usual as cardiorespiratory arrest, bring a greater social impact with them, thus achieving a greater support from the government and society. However, cardiology society must be involved with other associations and provide the scientific support, so this very frequent cause of deaths in our environment is discussed and has its importance duly acknowledged by society. <bold>Time is Life!</bold> </p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
      <p>1. Antman EM. ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. 2004 (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.acc.org/clinical/guidelines/stemi/index.htm">http://www.acc.org/clinical/guidelines/stemi/index.htm</ext-link>). </p>
      <p>2. Carmeliet E. Cardiac ionic currents and acute ischemia: From channels to arrhythmias. Physiol Rev 1999; 79: 917. </p>
      <p>3. Grines CL. Cox DA, Stone GW et al. Coronary angioplasty with or without stent implantation for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 1949. </p>
      <p>4. Kernis SJ, Harjai KJ, Stone GW et al. The incidence, predictors, and outcomes of early reinfarction after primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 42: 1173.</p>
      <p>
        <fn id="end-body2" fn-type="corresp">
          <label>
            <bold>Correspondence to</bold>
          </label>
          <p> Manoel Fernandes Canesin</p>
          <p> Rua Piau&#237;, 691 - 86020-320 - Londrina, PR - Brazil</p>
          <p> E-mail: </p>
          <p>
            <email xlink:href="mafecan@uol.com.br">mafecan@uol.com.br</email>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </p>
      <p>Sent for publishing on 01/10/05</p>
      <p> Accepted on 01/26/05 </p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
