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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">CkjTxtCctDPBDdZySw68mBh</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00007</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2005000300007</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(05)08400307</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2005000300007</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigos Originais</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>An&#225;lise inicial do uso de enxerto tubular org&#226;nico L-D-Hydro - (Eato L-D-Hydro) para realiza&#231;&#227;o de Blalock-Taussig modificado nas cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas com hipofluxo pulmonar</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silveira</surname>
            <given-names>Wilson Luiz da</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sousa</surname>
            <given-names>Mirna de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Peixoto</surname>
            <given-names>Fernanda A. Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lobo</surname>
            <given-names>Rog&#233;rio Souza</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rios</surname>
            <given-names>Mailza A. Costa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Souza</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos C&#233;sar Elias de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ferreira</surname>
            <given-names>Fabiana A. Penachi Bosco</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Costa</surname>
            <given-names>Lincoln Henrique</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pansanni</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o Alberto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Leite</surname>
            <given-names>Ad&#233;lio Ferreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Santa Genoveva</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Grupo CentroCardio </institution>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2005</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>84</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>233</fpage>
      <lpage>236</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2004</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>12</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2003</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>OBJETIVO: Analisar os resultados iniciais da utiliza&#231;&#227;o do enxerto tubular org&#226;nico, utilizados para anastomoses sist&#234;mico-pulmonares. M&#201;TODOS: De mar&#231;o/2002 a abril/2003, 10 pacientes foram submetidos &#224; realiza&#231;&#227;o de shunt sist&#234;mico pulmonar tipo Blalock-Taussig modificado utilizando um novo tipo de enxerto biol&#243;gico originado da art&#233;ria mesent&#233;rica bovina tratada com poliglicol denominado L-D-Hydro. A idade variou de 3 dias a 7 anos e 60% dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino. O diagn&#243;stico das cardiopatias foi determinado pela ecocardiografia, todos apresentando sinais cl&#237;nicos de hip&#243;xia severa (cianose). As cardiopatias foram: tetralogia de Fallot (40%), atresia tric&#250;spide (50%), defeito do septo atrioventricular (10%). RESULTADOS: Em 10 pacientes, ocorreu um &#243;bito por sepse e em nove houve melhora imediata na satura&#231;&#227;o de O2 ao ox&#237;metro de pulso e da press&#227;o parcial de oxig&#234;nio &#224; gasometria arterial. Nenhum paciente apresentou obstru&#231;&#227;o do shunt no p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio imediato ou qualquer outra complica&#231;&#227;o. Todos os pacientes mostraram shunt p&#233;rvio ao exame ecocardiogr&#225;fico no p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio imediato e tardio, realizado no 3&#186; m&#234;s de p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio. Nenhum paciente apresentou sangramento no intra e p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio. CONCLUS&#195;O: O enxerto tubular L-D-HYDRO demonstrou ser promissor para a realiza&#231;&#227;o de shunt sist&#234;mico pulmonar, como alternativa para produtos inorg&#226;nicos existentes no mercado, entretanto, temos de ter maior n&#250;mero de implantes e acompanhamento tardio para uma avalia&#231;&#227;o definitiva.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt" kwd-group-type="author-generated">
        <kwd>anastomose sist&#234;mico-pulmonar</kwd>
        <kwd>Blalock-Taussig modificado</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>19</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2005</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>ARTIGO ORIGINAL</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>An&#225;lise inicial do uso de enxerto tubular org&#226;nico L-D-Hydro &#150; (Eato L-D-Hydro) para realiza&#231;&#227;o de Blalock-Taussig modificado nas cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas com hipofluxo pulmonar </bold>
    </p>
    <p>Wilson Luiz da Silveira; Mirna de Sousa; Fernanda A. Oliveira Peixoto; Rog&#233;rio Souza Lobo; Mailza A. Costa Rios; Carlos C&#233;sar Elias de Souza; Fabiana A. Penachi Bosco Ferreira; Lincoln Henrique Costa; Jo&#227;o Alberto Pansanni; Ad&#233;lio Ferreira Leite </p>
    <p>Goi&#226;nia, GO </p>
    <p>Grupo CentroCardio - Hospital Santa Genoveva, Goi&#226;nia, GO</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end">Endere&#231;o para correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>RESUMO</bold>
    </p>
    <p><bold>OBJETIVO:</bold> Analisar os resultados iniciais da utiliza&#231;&#227;o do enxerto tubular org&#226;nico, utilizados para anastomoses sist&#234;mico-pulmonares. </p>
    <p><bold>M&#201;TODOS: </bold>De mar&#231;o/2002 a abril/2003, 10 pacientes foram submetidos &#224; realiza&#231;&#227;o de <italic>shunt</italic> sist&#234;mico pulmonar tipo Blalock-Taussig modificado utilizando um novo tipo de enxerto biol&#243;gico originado da art&#233;ria mesent&#233;rica bovina tratada com poliglicol denominado L-D-Hydro. A idade variou de 3 dias a 7 anos e 60% dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino. O diagn&#243;stico das cardiopatias foi determinado pela ecocardiografia, todos apresentando sinais cl&#237;nicos de hip&#243;xia severa (cianose). As cardiopatias foram: tetralogia de Fallot (40%), atresia tric&#250;spide (50%), defeito do septo atrioventricular (10%). </p>
    <p><bold>RESULTADOS: </bold>Em 10 pacientes, ocorreu um &#243;bito por sepse e em nove houve melhora imediata na satura&#231;&#227;o de O<sub>2</sub> ao ox&#237;metro de pulso e da press&#227;o parcial de oxig&#234;nio &#224; gasometria arterial. Nenhum paciente apresentou obstru&#231;&#227;o do <italic>shunt</italic> no p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio imediato ou qualquer outra complica&#231;&#227;o. Todos os pacientes mostraram <italic>shunt</italic> p&#233;rvio ao exame ecocardiogr&#225;fico no p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio imediato e tardio, realizado no 3&#186; m&#234;s de p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio. Nenhum paciente apresentou sangramento no intra e p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio. </p>
    <p><bold>CONCLUS&#195;O:</bold> O enxerto tubular L-D-HYDRO demonstrou ser promissor para a realiza&#231;&#227;o de <italic>shunt</italic> sist&#234;mico pulmonar, como alternativa para produtos inorg&#226;nicos existentes no mercado, entretanto, temos de ter maior n&#250;mero de implantes e acompanhamento tardio para uma avalia&#231;&#227;o definitiva. </p>
    <p><bold>Palavras-chave: </bold>anastomose sist&#234;mico-pulmonar; Blalock-Taussig modificado </p>
    <p>A realiza&#231;&#227;o de <italic>shunt</italic> sist&#234;mico pulmonar, utilizando o fluxo da art&#233;ria subcl&#225;via para art&#233;ria pulmonar ipsilateral foi introduzida clinicamente por Blalock e Taussig<sup>1</sup>. Potts e cols.<sup>2</sup> relataram a confec&#231;&#227;o de um <italic>shunt</italic> entre a aorta descendente e a art&#233;ria pulmonar, Waterston<sup>3</sup> criou um <italic>shunt</italic> entre a aorta ascendente e a art&#233;ria pulmonar e Redo e Ecker<sup>4</sup> introduziram o uso de pr&#243;tese para a realiza&#231;&#227;o de <italic>shunt</italic> sist&#234;mico pulmonar. </p>
    <p>Apresentamos an&#225;lise inicial dos resultados de 10 pacientes submetidos &#224; realiza&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica de <italic>shunt</italic> sist&#234;mico-pulmonar utilizando um novo tipo de enxerto org&#226;nico (L-D-Hydro) originado da art&#233;ria mesent&#233;rica bovina tratada com poliglicol. </p>
    <p>
      <bold>M&#233;todos</bold>
    </p>
    <p>No per&#237;odo de mar&#231;o/2002 a abril/2003, 10 pacientes foram submetidos &#224; realiza&#231;&#227;o de <italic>shunt</italic> sist&#234;mico pulmonar, tipo Blalock-Taussig modificado, utilizando um novo tipo de enxerto biol&#243;gico originado da art&#233;ria mesent&#233;rica bovina tratada com poliglicol, chamado L-D-Hydro. A idade variou de 3 dias a 7 anos, sendo que 60% dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino. </p>
    <p>Foi considerado como crit&#233;rio de inclus&#227;o crian&#231;as, em qualquer idade, portadoras de cardiopatia cong&#234;nita com hipofluxo pulmonar, que necessitassem de <italic>shunt</italic> sist&#234;mico-pulmonar. O diagn&#243;stico destas cardiopatias quanto ao fluxo pulmonar foi determinado, atrav&#233;s de estudo ecocardiogr&#225;fico, seis pacientes com atresia pulmonar e quatro com estenose severa da via de sa&#237;da de ventr&#237;culo direito. Todos os pacientes apresentavam sinais cl&#237;nicos de hip&#243;xia severa (cianose) comprovados pela oximetria de pulso e gasometria arterial. As cardiopatias envolvidas foram: tetralogia de Fallot (40%), atresia tric&#250;spide (50%) e defeito do septo atrioventricular (10%). Todos os pacientes foram seguidos ap&#243;s o procedimento cir&#250;rgico pela equipe cl&#237;nica, com avalia&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas e ecocardiogr&#225;ficas (<xref ref-type="table" rid="tab01">tab. I</xref>). </p>
    <table-wrap id="tab01">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-84-03-0233-00007-gt01.jpg"/></table-wrap>
    <p>O tratamento L-Hydro foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de reduzir a rea&#231;&#227;o do receptor sobre os enxertos implantados. O processo consiste em tr&#234;s etapas distintas. A 1&#186; etapa combina a extra&#231;&#227;o de ant&#237;genos (sem o uso de detergentes, surfactantes ou enzimas digestivas) com mascaramento dos ant&#237;genos remanescentes pelo poliglicol, sob oxida&#231;&#227;o qu&#237;mica controlada e &#233; realizada em condi&#231;&#245;es f&#237;sicas espec&#237;ficas que protegem os componentes extracelulares, como o col&#225;geno e a elastina. A 2&#186; etapa consiste em processo de incorpora&#231;&#227;o de um antiinflamat&#243;rio n&#227;o ester&#243;ide e de um agente antitromb&#243;tico ao tecido e a 3&#186;, na esteriliza&#231;&#227;o do tecido em fase aquosa de per&#243;xido de hidrog&#234;nio. O processo D-Hydro ser&#225; a 4&#186; etapa em que &#233; realizada a liofiliza&#231;&#227;o e a substitui&#231;&#227;o das mol&#233;culas de &#225;gua na matriz e no espa&#231;o extracelular por glicerol, por um pol&#237;mero flex&#237;vel que substitui a &#225;gua. </p>
    <p>Quanto &#224; t&#233;cnica cir&#250;rgica, 8 pacientes sob dec&#250;bito lateral direito com toracotomia lateral esquerda, de acordo com a localiza&#231;&#227;o anat&#244;mica do arco a&#243;rtico, abertura no 3&#186; ou 4&#186; espa&#231;o intercostal, anastomose do enxerto &#224; art&#233;ria subcl&#225;via e &#224; art&#233;ria pulmonar com prolene 7-0, tomando cuidado de n&#227;o pin&#231;ar o enxerto conforme recomenda&#231;&#227;o do fabricante (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig01">fig. 1</xref>), e dois outros foram submetidos &#224; toracotomia direita e realiza&#231;&#227;o de <italic>shunt</italic> com a art&#233;ria subcl&#225;via direita e art&#233;ria pulmonar direita pela localiza&#231;&#227;o do arco a&#243;rtico. Em todos pacientes, as anastomoses foram precedidas de hepariniza&#231;&#227;o, na dose de 1 mg/Kg de peso e nenhum paciente foi submetido &#224; revers&#227;o da heparina (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig02">fig. 2</xref>). </p>
    <fig id="fig01">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-84-03-0233-00007-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    <fig id="fig02">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-84-03-0233-00007-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>No p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio, o protocolo de seguimento imediato foi semelhante ao procedimento utilizado para pacientes submetidos a <italic>shunt</italic> tipo Blalock-Taussig com enxerto de politetrafluoretileno expandido (PTFE), isto &#233;, todos os pacientes foram heparinizados com 400 a 600 U/kg/dia de heparina s&#243;dica em infus&#227;o cont&#237;nua com in&#237;cio 2h ap&#243;s admiss&#227;o na UTI, mantendo TTPA 1,5 a 2,5 vezes o normal, permanecendo por 24h, quando ent&#227;o foi substitu&#237;da pelo &#225;cido acetilsaliss&#237;lico, na dose de 5 mg/kg/dia, por tr&#234;s meses. </p>
    <p>No seguimento tardio nosso protocolo incluiu avalia&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas, ecocardiogr&#225;ficas e arteriografias em todos pacientes por ocasi&#227;o da indica&#231;&#227;o da corre&#231;&#227;o definitiva (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig03">fig. 3</xref>). </p>
    <fig id="fig03">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-84-03-0233-00007-gf03.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>
      <bold>Resultados</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Nos 10 pacientes estudados, ocorreu um &#243;bito por sepse no 3&#186; dia de p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio. Os nove pacientes restantes tiveram melhora imediata na satura&#231;&#227;o de oxig&#234;nio ao ox&#237;metro de pulso e gasometria arterial. A m&#233;dia da satura&#231;&#227;o arterial de oxig&#234;nio inicial foi de 69,4% &#177; 1,17%, com aumento significativo para 90,1% &#177; 1,85% imediatamente ap&#243;s o procedimento. O tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o na unidade de terapia intensiva variou de dois a seis dias. </p>
    <p>Nenhum paciente apresentou obstru&#231;&#227;o do <italic>shunt</italic> no p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio imediato ou qualquer outra complica&#231;&#227;o, embora n&#227;o se auscultasse, com a intensidade habitual, o sopro cl&#225;ssico de Blalock-Taussig modificado, o que pode ser explicado pela elasticidade do enxerto. Todos os pacientes mostraram, ao exame ecocardiogr&#225;fico, <italic>shunt</italic> p&#233;rvio com fluxo turbulento (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig04">fig. 4</xref>). No p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio imediato, o di&#226;metro do enxerto variou de 4,3 a 5,4 mm (4,68 &#177;0,29) e, aos tr&#234;s meses, de 4,2 a 5,2 mm (4,48 &#177; 0,29) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="tab02">tab. II</xref>). </p>
    <fig id="fig04">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-84-03-0233-00007-gf04.jpg"/></fig>
    <table-wrap id="tab02">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-84-03-0233-00007-gt02.jpg"/></table-wrap>
    <p>Nenhum paciente apresentou sangramento no intra e p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio. </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Discuss&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>As indica&#231;&#245;es da utiliza&#231;&#227;o do <italic>shunt</italic> sist&#234;mico pulmonar variam de institui&#231;&#227;o para institui&#231;&#227;o e de um modo geral, referem-se aos defeitos card&#237;acos complexos cianog&#234;nicos, hipoplasia das art&#233;rias pulmonares, hipoplasia do anel pulmonar, que exija um retalho transanular para o completo reparo, anormalidade das art&#233;rias pulmonares, neonatos com tetralogia de Fallot e atresia pulmonar, rec&#233;m-natos com baixo peso e idade. Al&#233;m disso, o <italic>shunt</italic> sist&#234;mico pulmonar &#233; usado quando a mortalidade da corre&#231;&#227;o total for maior em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; corre&#231;&#227;o em dois tempos<sup>5-12</sup>. </p>
    <p>Atualmente o <italic>shunt</italic> mais utilizado, na maioria dos servi&#231;os, &#233; o Blalock-Taussig modificado, que tem uma mortalidade cir&#250;rgica inferior a 1%<sup>12</sup>. De Leval e Stark<sup>5</sup>, McKay e cols.<sup>6</sup> e outros autores apresentaram excelentes resultados com o Blalock Taussig modificado. O <italic>shunt</italic> apresenta pat&#234;ncia adequada, baixo &#237;ndice de complica&#231;&#245;es cir&#250;rgicas, baixa mortalidade e permite o crescimento da &#225;rvore pulmonar, sem riscos a corre&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria<sup>13-21</sup>. No nosso estudo, n&#227;o obtivemos &#243;bito no p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio imediato e, todos tiveram melhora imediata na satura&#231;&#227;o de oxig&#234;nio ao ox&#237;metro de pulso e gasometria arterial 69,4% &#177; 1,17% para 90,1% &#177; 1,85%. O di&#226;metro e a caracter&#237;stica do fluxo, demonstrados ao ecocardiograma, comprovavam a efic&#225;cia do <italic>shunt</italic>. </p>
    <p>Berger<sup>19</sup> e outros autores relataram nos procedimentos de Pottse cols. e Waterston alta morbi-mortalidade p&#243;s-operat&#243;ria<sup>22-26</sup>. Kirklin e cols.<sup>10</sup> descreveram a idade (abaixo de 3 meses) como fator de risco para a mortalidade p&#243;s-operat&#243;ria, principalmente quando outros fatores de risco coexistissem. Arciniegas e cols., tamb&#233;m, mencionaram a idade como fator de risco para mortalidade p&#243;s-operat&#243;ria, 6% para 1 m&#234;s, 4% para 3 meses, 3% para 6 meses e 2,5% para 12 meses<sup>6,27-29</sup>. Alkhulaifi e cols.<sup>30</sup> apontaram o baixo peso e a ventila&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;-operat&#243;ria como fatores de risco para mortalidade. Khalid e cols.<sup>31</sup> relacionaram o baixo peso (abaixo de 3 Kg) com a fal&#234;ncia precoce do <italic>shunt</italic> e demonstraram o uso da heparina intra e p&#243;s-operat&#243;ria como fatores protetores para redu&#231;&#227;o da fal&#234;ncia do <italic>shunt</italic> e obstru&#231;&#227;o precoce em 1,6% dos Blalock Taussig modificado, sendo que os de maior calibre e os que n&#227;o receberam heparina tiveram maior incid&#234;ncia de oclus&#227;o. No nosso estudo n&#227;o constatamos obstru&#231;&#227;o no per&#237;odo avaliado, sendo demonstrado a permeabilidade do <italic>shunt</italic> ao estudo ecodopplercardiogr&#225;fico. </p>
    <p>Na nossa casu&#237;stica, houve, apenas um &#243;bito no 3&#186; p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio, por sepse, portanto n&#227;o diretamente relacionado ao enxerto. </p>
    <p>Berger e cols.<sup>32</sup>, utilizando enxerto PTFE, obtiveram 12% de cole&#231;&#227;o s&#233;rica peri enxerto em pacientes que receberam heparina no p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio, complica&#231;&#227;o esta n&#227;o observada em nossa casu&#237;stica, embora alguns casos possam permanecer indetect&#225;veis. </p>
    <p>Na avalia&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica observamos que a intensidade do sopro era menor que o habitual, que pode ser explicado pela elasticidade do enxerto. </p>
    <p>Conclu&#237;mos que os enxertos L-D-Hydro mostraram ser eficazes na substitui&#231;&#227;o de enxertos inorg&#226;nicos na confec&#231;&#227;o de <italic>shunt</italic> sist&#234;mico-pulmonar e apresentaram excelente desempenho com aus&#234;ncia de sangramento intra e p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio, pat&#234;ncia do enxerto em todos pacientes, facilidade do manuseio t&#233;cnico, tecnicamente reprodut&#237;vel, al&#233;m de ser material org&#226;nico e de baixo custo. </p>
    <p>
      <fn id="end" fn-type="corresp">
        <p>Endere&#231;o para correspond&#234;ncia</p>
        <p> Wilson Luiz da Silveira </p>
        <p> Rua 9, n&#186; 504/1301 - Setor Oeste </p>
        <p> 74110-100 - Goi&#226;nia - GO </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="wilson@cardiol.br">wilson@cardiol.br</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p>Recebido em 12/09/2003 - Aceito em 01/07/2004</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Initial analysis of the use of the L-D-Hydro (Eato L-D-Hydro) organic tubular graft for performing the modified Blalock-Taussig procedure in congenital heart diseases with decreased pulmonary blood flow</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>OBJECTIVE: To analyze the initial results of the use of an organic tubular graft for systemic-pulmonary anastomoses. METHODS: From March 2002 to April 2003, 10 patients underwent systemic-pulmonary shunt of the modified Blalock-Taussig type, using a new type of biological graft originating from the bovine mesenteric artery treated with polyglycol, the so-called L-D-Hydro. The patients' ages ranged from 3 days to 7 years, and 60% of them were of the male sex. The diagnoses of heart disease were determined on echocardiography. All patients had clinical signs of severe hypoxia (cyanosis). The heart diseases were as follows: tetralogy of Fallot (40%), tricuspid atresia (50%), and atrioventricular septal defect (10%). RESULTS: One patient died due to sepsis and 9 had an immediate improvement in O2 saturation on pulse oximetry and in the partial oxygen pressure on arterial blood gas analysis. The intensive care unit length of stay ranged from 2 to 6 days. No patient had obstruction of the shunt on the immediate postoperative period or any other complication. All patients had a patent shunt on the echocardiographic studies performed in the immediate postoperative period and later, in the third postoperative month. No bleeding occurred during surgery or in the postoperative period. CONCLUSION: The tubular L-D-Hydro graft proved to be promising for performing systemic-pulmonary shunt as an alternative for the inorganic products available in the market, however, we need a greater number of implantations and late follow-up for definitive assessment.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>systemic-pulmonary anastomosis</kwd>
        <kwd>modified Blalock-Taussig</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Initial analysis of the use of the L-D-Hydro (Eato L-D-Hydro) organic tubular graft for performing the modified Blalock-Taussig procedure in congenital heart diseases with decreased pulmonary blood flow</p>
      <p>Wilson Luiz da Silveira; Mirna de Sousa; Fernanda A. Oliveira Peixoto; Rog&#233;rio Souza Lobo; Mailza A. Costa Rios; Carlos C&#233;sar Elias de Souza; Fabiana A. Penachi Bosco Ferreira; Lincoln Henrique Costa; Jo&#227;o Alberto Pansanni; Ad&#233;lio Ferreira Leite</p>
      <p> Goi&#226;nia, GO - Brazil</p>
      <p>Grupo CentroCardio - Hospital Santa Genoveva, Goi&#226;nia </p>
      <p>
        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end-body2">Correspondence</xref>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>ABSTRACT</bold>
      </p>
      <p><bold>OBJECTIVE: </bold>To analyze the initial results of the use of an organic tubular graft for systemic-pulmonary anastomoses.</p>
      <p><bold>METHODS: </bold>From March 2002 to April 2003, 10 patients underwent systemic-pulmonary shunt of the modified Blalock-Taussig type, using a new type of biological graft originating from the bovine mesenteric artery treated with polyglycol, the so-called L-D-Hydro. The patients' ages ranged from 3 days to 7 years, and 60% of them were of the male sex. The diagnoses of heart disease were determined on echocardiography. All patients had clinical signs of severe hypoxia (cyanosis). The heart diseases were as follows: tetralogy of Fallot (40%), tricuspid atresia (50%), and atrioventricular septal defect (10%).</p>
      <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> One patient died due to sepsis and 9 had an immediate improvement in O<sub>2</sub> saturation on pulse oximetry and in the partial oxygen pressure on arterial blood gas analysis. The intensive care unit length of stay ranged from 2 to 6 days. No patient had obstruction of the shunt on the immediate postoperative period or any other complication. All patients had a patent shunt on the echocardiographic studies performed in the immediate postoperative period and later, in the third postoperative month. No bleeding occurred during surgery or in the postoperative period.</p>
      <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>The tubular L-D-Hydro graft proved to be promising for performing systemic-pulmonary shunt as an alternative for the inorganic products available in the market, however, we need a greater number of implantations and late follow-up for definitive assessment.</p>
      <p><bold>Key words: </bold>systemic-pulmonary anastomosis, modified Blalock-Taussig </p>
      <p>The systemic-pulmonary shunt using blood flow from the subclavian artery to the ipsilateral pulmonary artery was clinically introduced by Blalock and Taussig <sup>1</sup>. Potts et al <sup>2</sup> have reported the performance of a shunt between the descending aorta and the pulmonary artery, Waterston <sup>3</sup> has created a shunt between the ascending aorta and the pulmonary artery, and Redo and Ecker <sup>4</sup> have introduced the use of a prosthesis for performing a systemic-pulmonary shunt. </p>
      <p>We present the initial analysis of the results with 10 patients undergoing systemic-pulmonary shunt with a new type of organic graft (L-D-Hydro) originating from the bovine mesenteric artery treated with polyglycol.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Methods</bold>
      </p>
      <p>From March 2002 to April 2003, 10 patients underwent systemic-pulmonary shunt of the modified Blalock-Taussig type, using a new type of biological graft originating from the bovine mesenteric artery treated with polyglycol, the so-called L-D-Hydro. The patients' ages ranged from 3 days to 7 years, and 60% of them were of the male sex. </p>
      <p>The inclusion criterion was children of any age with congenital heart disease and decreased pulmonary blood flow, who required systemic-pulmonary shunt. The diagnosis of the heart diseases regarding pulmonary blood flow was determined through echocardiographic study as follows: 6 patients had pulmonary atresia and 4 patients had severe stenosis of the right ventricular outflow tract. All patients had clinical signs of severe hypoxia (cyanosis) confirmed on pulse oximetry and arterial blood gas analysis. The heart diseases were as follows: tetralogy of Fallot (40%); tricuspid atresia (50%); and atrioventricular septal defect (10%). All patients were followed up after the surgical procedure by the clinical team with clinical and echocardiographic assessments (<xref ref-type="table" rid="tab01-body2">tab. I</xref>). </p>
      <table-wrap id="tab01-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-84-03-0233-00007-gt01-en.jpg"/></table-wrap>
      <p>The L-Hydro treatment was developed aiming at reducing the reaction of the receptor against implanted grafts. The process consists of 3 different stages. The first stage combines the extraction of antigens (without using detergents, surfactants, or digestive enzymes) with masking of the remaining antigens with polyglycol, under controlled chemical oxidation and performed under specific physical conditions that protect the extracellular components, such as collagen and elastin. The second stage consists of a process of incorporation of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent and an antithrombotic agent to the tissue. The third stage consists of sterilization of the tissue in the aqueous phase of hydrogen peroxide. The fourth stage is the D-Hydro process, which consists of lyophilization and replacement of the water molecules in the matrix and extracellular space by glycerol, a flexible polymer that replaces water. </p>
      <p>The surgical technique was as follows: 8 patients were placed in the right lateral decubitus position; they underwent left lateral thoracotomy according to the anatomic location of the aortic arch; opening was performed in the third or fourth intercostal space; anastomosis of the graft to the subclavian artery and the pulmonary artery was performed with Prolene 7-0 thread, taking care not to clamp the graft, according to the recommendation of the manufacturer (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig01-body2">fig. 1</xref>). The other 2 patients underwent right thoracotomy, and the shunt was performed with the right subclavian artery and the right pulmonary artery, due to the location of the aortic arch. In all patients, the anastomoses were preceded by heparinization at the dosage of 1 mg/kg, and no patient required heparin reversion (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig02-body2">fig. 2</xref>).</p>
      <fig id="fig01-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-84-03-0233-00007-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <fig id="fig02-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-84-03-0233-00007-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>In the postoperative period, the immediate follow-up protocol was similar to that of the procedure used for patients undergoing the Blalock-Taussig shunt with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft, which is as follows: all patients were heparinized with 400 to 600 U/kg/day of sodium heparin in continuous infusion beginning 2 hours after admission at the ICU; their APTT was maintained 1.5 to 2.5 times the normal value, and heparin was kept for 24 hours, being then replaced by acetylsalicylic acid, at the dosage of 5 mg/kg/day, for 3 months. </p>
      <p>In late follow-up, our protocol included clinical, echocardiographic, and arteriographic assessments in all patients on the occasion of indicating definitive correction (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig03-body2">fig. 3</xref>).</p>
      <fig id="fig03-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-84-03-0233-00007-gf03-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>
        <bold>Results</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Of the 10 patients studied, one died due to sepsis on the third postoperative day. The 9 remaining patients had an immediate improvement in oxygen saturation on pulse oximetry and arterial blood gas analysis. The mean initial arterial oxygen saturation was 69.4% &#177; 1.17%, with a significant increase to 90.1% &#177; 1.85% immediately after the procedure. The length of stay in the intensive care unit ranged from 2 to 6 days. </p>
      <p>No patient had obstruction of the shunt in the immediate postoperative period or any other complication, although the classical modified Blalock-Taussig murmur could not be heard with its usual intensity, which can be explained by the elasticity of the graft. All patients showed, on the echocardiographic study, a patent shunt with turbulent flow (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig04-body2">fig. 4</xref>). In the immediate postoperative period, the diameter of the graft ranged from 4.3 to 5.4 mm (4.68&#177;0.29), and, in the third month, from 4.2 to 5.2 mm (4.48&#177;0.29) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="tab02-body2">tab. II</xref>). </p>
      <fig id="fig04-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-84-03-0233-00007-gf04-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <table-wrap id="tab02-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-84-03-0233-00007-gt02-en.jpg"/></table-wrap>
      <p>No bleeding was observed during surgery or in the postoperative period.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Discussion</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Usually, the indications for the use of the systemic-pulmonary shunt varied among the institutions as follows: cyanogenic complex defects; hypoplasia of the pulmonary arteries; hypoplasia of the pulmonary ring, which required a transannular flap for complete repair; abnormality of the pulmonary arteries; neonates with tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia; and young low-weight neonates. In addition, the systemic-pulmonary shunt is used when the mortality of the total correction is greater than that of the 2-stage repair <sup>5-12</sup>. </p>
      <p>Currently, the most used shunt in most services is the modified Blalock-Taussig, which has a mortality rate lower than 1% <sup>12</sup>. De Leval and Stark <sup>5</sup>, McKay et al <sup>6</sup>, and other authors reported excellent results with the modified Blalock Taussig. The shunt has adequate patency, a low index of surgical complications, low mortality, and allows the growth of the pulmonary tree, without the risks of the secondary repair <sup>13-21</sup>. In our study, no patient died in the immediate postoperative period; all patients had an immediate improvement in oxygen saturation on pulse oximetry and arterial blood gas analysis (from 69.4% &#177; 1.17% to 90.1% &#177; 1.85%). The diameter and characteristic of the flow, shown on echocardiography, confirmed the efficacy of the shunt. </p>
      <p>Berger <sup>19</sup> and other authors <sup>22-26 </sup>have reported high postoperative morbidity and mortality in the procedures of Potts et al <sup>2</sup> and Waterston <sup>3</sup>. Kirklin et al <sup>10</sup> have identified age (below 3 months) as a risk factor for postoperative mortality, mainly when other risk factors coexisted. Arciniegas et al <sup>29</sup> have also identified age as a risk factor for postoperative mortality as follows: 6% for one month, 4% for 3 months, 3% for 6 months, and 2.5% for 12 months <sup>6,28</sup>. Alkhulaifi et al <sup>30</sup> have identified low weight and preoperative ventilation as risk factors for mortality. Khalid et al <sup>31</sup> have related low weight (below 3 kg) to the early failure of the shunt, and identified the use of intra- and postoperative heparin as a protective factor for reducing shunt failure and early obstruction in 1.6% of the modified Blalock Taussig. They have also reported that patients with shunts with a greater caliber and those who received no heparin had a greater incidence of occlusion. In our study, no obstruction was observed in the period assessed, and permeability of the shunt was shown on Doppler echocardiographic study. </p>
      <p>In our case series, one patient died due to sepsis on the third postoperative day, and, therefore, a cause not directly related to the graft. </p>
      <p>Berger et al <sup>32</sup>, using the PTFE graft, reported 12% of serum collection around the graft in patients receiving heparin in the postoperative period, a complication that was not observed in our case series, although some cases may have remained undetected. </p>
      <p>On clinical assessment, we observed that the intensity of the murmur was lower than usual, which may be explained by the elasticity of the graft. </p>
      <p>In conclusion, the L-D-Hydro graft proved to be effective for replacing inorganic grafts in systemic-pulmonary shunts, because of its excellent performance with no bleeding during surgery and in the postoperative period, graft patency in all patients, easy technical management, technical reproducibility, in addition to being of organic material and low cost. </p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <fn id="end-body2" fn-type="corresp">
          <label>
            <bold>Correspondence to</bold>
          </label>
          <p> Wilson Luiz da Silveira</p>
          <p> Rua 9, n&#186; 504/1301 - Setor Oeste</p>
          <p> 74110-100 - Goi&#226;nia, GO, Brazil</p>
          <p> E-mail: </p>
          <p>
            <email xlink:href="wilson@cardiol.br">wilson@cardiol.br</email>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </p>
      <p>Received for publication: 09/12/2003</p>
      <p> Accepted for publication: 07/01/2004</p>
      <p> English version by Stela Maris Costalonga</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
