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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">9Ppf73vx5L5GKJqj5xs49Sz</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00010</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2005000200010</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(05)08400210</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2005000200010</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigos Originais</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Perfil ambulatorial em cardiologia pedi&#225;trica na cidade de Ribeir&#227;o Preto, SP</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Amaral</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff04"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff05"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Granzotti</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff04"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff05"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dantas</surname>
            <given-names>Bruno G.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff04"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff05"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Balestra</surname>
            <given-names>Diogo C.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff02"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff03"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff04"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff05"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff02">
        <institution content-type="orgname">UNAERP</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina </institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff05">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="state">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto </institution>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <institution content-type="orgname">SUS</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Ambulat&#243;rio Regional de Especialidades </institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff03">
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o de Ribeir&#227;o Preto</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff04">
        <institution content-type="orgname">Funda&#231;&#227;o Waldemar B. Pessoa</institution>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2005</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>84</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>147</fpage>
      <lpage>151</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>29</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2004</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>28</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2004</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>OBJETIVO: Verificar em casu&#237;sticas ambulatoriais na rede p&#250;blica de sa&#250;de, em hospital terci&#225;rio e na cl&#237;nica privada, as caracter&#237;sticas do atendimento, em cardiopatia pedi&#225;trica enfatizando o motivo de encaminhamento, o diagn&#243;stico definitivo e a conduta adotada. M&#201;TODOS: Um total de 1.365 pacientes consecutivos, com idades entre 1 m&#234;s a 14 anos foram atendidos, em 1996, em 3 locais distintos: G1 (n = 562), ambulat&#243;rio de refer&#234;ncia da rede p&#250;blica, oriundo de Ribeir&#227;o Preto (RP) (78%) e regi&#227;o (22%); G2 (n = 420), cl&#237;nica privada, oriundo de RP (67%), regi&#227;o (25%) e outras regi&#245;es/estados (8%); G3 (n = 383), ambulat&#243;rio de refer&#234;ncia do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da FMRP - USP, procedente de RP (26%), regi&#227;o (43,5%) e outras regi&#245;es/estados (30,5%). RESULTADOS: Motivo de encaminhamento: G1: sopro (71%), arritmia (8%), dor precordial (7%), dispn&#233;ia (6,5%) e motivos variados (7,5%); G2: sopro (70%), dor precordial (7%), arritmia (7%), dispn&#233;ia (4%), p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio (4%) e motivos variados (8%); G3: sopro (56%), p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio (24%), arritmia (4%) e motivos variados (16%). Abandono de tratamento: G1: 31%, G2: 17% e G3: 3%. Diagn&#243;stico definitivo: G1: 346 (89%) normais e 43 (11%) anormais; G2: 268 (76%) normais e 82 (24%) anormais; G3: 22 (6%) normais e 351 (94%) anormais. Conduta: G1: alta (89%) e seguimento (11%); G2: alta (76%) e seguimento (24%); G3: alta (6%) e seguimento (94%). CONCLUS&#195;O: Perfil cl&#237;nico diferenciado entre os tr&#234;s grupo. H&#225; necessidade de interven&#231;&#227;o nas unidades b&#225;sicas de sa&#250;de para verificar condi&#231;&#245;es de atendimento e oferecer treinamento cardiol&#243;gico pedi&#225;trico aos pediatras. Importante determinar causas do &#237;ndice de abandono no G1 e h&#225; necessidade de investir na natureza estrutural e de recursos humanos para o atendimento no ambulat&#243;rio do G3.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt" kwd-group-type="author-generated">
        <kwd>cardiologia pedi&#225;trica</kwd>
        <kwd>sopro card&#237;aco</kwd>
        <kwd>ambulat&#243;rio</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>08</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2005</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>ARTIGO ORIGINAL</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Perfil ambulatorial em cardiologia pedi&#225;trica na cidade de Ribeir&#227;o Preto, SP</p>
    <p>Fernando Amaral; Jo&#227;o A. Granzotti; Bruno G. Dantas; Diogo C. Balestra </p>
    <p>Ribeir&#227;o Preto, SP</p>
    <p>Ambulat&#243;rio Regional de Especialidades, SUS, Faculdade de Medicina da UNAERP, Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o de Ribeir&#227;o Preto, Funda&#231;&#227;o Waldemar B. Pessoa e Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto, USP </p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end">Endere&#231;o para correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>RESUMO</bold>
    </p>
    <p><bold>OBJETIVO:</bold> Verificar em casu&#237;sticas ambulatoriais na rede p&#250;blica de sa&#250;de, em hospital terci&#225;rio e na cl&#237;nica privada, as caracter&#237;sticas do atendimento, em cardiopatia pedi&#225;trica enfatizando o motivo de encaminhamento, o diagn&#243;stico definitivo e a conduta adotada. </p>
    <p><bold>M&#201;TODOS:</bold> Um total de 1.365 pacientes consecutivos, com idades entre 1 m&#234;s a 14 anos foram atendidos, em 1996, em 3 locais distintos: G1 (n = 562), ambulat&#243;rio de refer&#234;ncia da rede p&#250;blica, oriundo de Ribeir&#227;o Preto (RP) (78%) e regi&#227;o (22%); G2 (n = 420), cl&#237;nica privada, oriundo de RP (67%), regi&#227;o (25%) e outras regi&#245;es/estados (8%); G3 (n = 383), ambulat&#243;rio de refer&#234;ncia do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da FMRP - USP, procedente de RP (26%), regi&#227;o (43,5%) e outras regi&#245;es/estados (30,5%). </p>
    <p><bold>RESULTADOS:</bold> Motivo de encaminhamento: G1: sopro (71%), arritmia (8%), dor precordial (7%), dispn&#233;ia (6,5%) e motivos variados (7,5%); G2: sopro (70%), dor precordial (7%), arritmia (7%), dispn&#233;ia (4%), p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio (4%) e motivos variados (8%); G3: sopro (56%), p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio (24%), arritmia (4%) e motivos variados (16%). Abandono de tratamento: G1: 31%, G2: 17% e G3: 3%. Diagn&#243;stico definitivo: G1: 346 (89%) normais e 43 (11%) anormais; G2: 268 (76%) normais e 82 (24%) anormais; G3: 22 (6%) normais e 351 (94%) anormais. Conduta: G1: alta (89%) e seguimento (11%); G2: alta (76%) e seguimento (24%); G3: alta (6%) e seguimento (94%). </p>
    <p><bold>CONCLUS&#195;O:</bold> Perfil cl&#237;nico diferenciado entre os tr&#234;s grupo. H&#225; necessidade de interven&#231;&#227;o nas unidades b&#225;sicas de sa&#250;de para verificar condi&#231;&#245;es de atendimento e oferecer treinamento cardiol&#243;gico pedi&#225;trico aos pediatras. Importante determinar causas do &#237;ndice de abandono no G1 e h&#225; necessidade de investir na natureza estrutural e de recursos humanos para o atendimento no ambulat&#243;rio do G3. </p>
    <p><bold>Palavras-chave:</bold> cardiologia pedi&#225;trica, sopro card&#237;aco, ambulat&#243;rio</p>
    <p> Apesar do grande avan&#231;o verificado nos &#250;ltimos anos em rela&#231;&#227;o ao diagn&#243;stico e tratamento disponibilizado para crian&#231;as portadoras de cardiopatia cong&#234;nita, aspectos variados relativos &#224;s caracter&#237;sticas desses pacientes encontram-se ainda pouco determinados. Numa &#233;poca em que se faz necess&#225;ria racionaliza&#231;&#227;o adequada de recursos, particularmente no nosso meio, torna-se importante o conhecimento epidemiol&#243;gico desses pacientes e suas cardiopatias, se o objetivo for otimizar o tratamento oferecido. Sendo assim, a organiza&#231;&#227;o do atendimento na &#225;rea cardiol&#243;gica pedi&#225;trica, conforme j&#225; sugerido para outras &#225;reas<sup>1</sup>, pode contribuir para um melhor atendimento individual e conseq&#252;ente aloca&#231;&#227;o adequada de recursos. O objetivo deste trabalho &#233; apresentar informa&#231;&#245;es obtidas ao longo de 12 meses em rela&#231;&#227;o ao atendimento ambulatorial em cardiologia pedi&#225;trica prestado em Ribeir&#227;o Preto, SP. Foram avaliadas as caracter&#237;sticas dos pacientes atendidos e seu padr&#227;o de encaminhamento, incid&#234;ncia e tipo da cardiopatia encontrada e conduta adotada, sendo que parte desse material foi recentemente publicado<sup>2</sup>. Deve ser lembrado que o encaminhamento dos casos atendidos na regi&#227;o n&#227;o &#233; necessariamente compuls&#243;rio aos locais onde se procedeu a investiga&#231;&#227;o. Entretanto, devido ao n&#250;mero expressivo de pacientes encaminhados, julgamos que a experi&#234;ncia aqui relatada pode tratar-se de amostra representativa do atendimento nesta especialidade, conferindo ao estudo aspecto epidemiol&#243;gico inusitado. </p>
    <p>
      <bold>M&#233;todos</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Durante um per&#237;odo de 12 meses 1.365 pacientes foram atendidos, consecutivamente, em 3 ambulat&#243;rios geogr&#225;fica e funcionalmente independentes, assim distribu&#237;dos: G1 (SUS): 562 pacientes atendidos no ambulat&#243;rio regional de especialidades da rede p&#250;blica encaminhados a partir das unidades b&#225;sicas de sa&#250;de (UBS) locais e regionais; G2 (CLIP): 420 pacientes atendidos na cl&#237;nica privada; G3 (HCFMRP): 383 pacientes atendidos no ambulat&#243;rio de cardiologia pedi&#225;trica do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto, USP, centro terci&#225;rio que oferece diagn&#243;stico e tratamento especializado na &#225;rea. A distribui&#231;&#227;o dos pacientes em rela&#231;&#227;o ao sexo foi semelhante nos tr&#234;s grupos: G1: 54% e 46%; G2: 56% e 44% e G3: 52% e 48%, respectivamente. Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; faixa et&#225;ria, as propor&#231;&#245;es, respectivamente do G1 ao G3, foram: rec&#233;m-nascidos (<underline>&lt;</underline> 30 dias): 4%, 4%, 3,5%; lactente (&gt; 30 dias e <underline>&lt;</underline> 2 anos): 24%, 20%, 23%; pr&#233;-escolar (&gt; 2 anos e <underline>&lt;</underline> 6 anos): 31%, 40%, 27,5%; escolar (&gt; 6 anos): 41%, 36%, 46% (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig01">fig. 1</xref>). Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; proced&#234;ncia: G1: cidade de RP (77%), regi&#227;o de RP (22%) e outras regi&#245;es (1%); G2: cidade de RP (67%), regi&#227;o de RP (25%), outras regi&#245;es e estados (8%); G3: cidade de RP (26%), regi&#227;o de RP (43,5%), outras regi&#245;es e estados (30,5%). Todos os pacientes do G1 e G2 foram examinados por um dos autores, constando de exame cl&#237;nico cardiovascular completo com o paciente em repouso, que examinaram, tamb&#233;m, a grande maioria dos pacientes do G3, usando as informa&#231;&#245;es dos prontu&#225;rios nos outros casos. O eletrocardiograma foi realizado de rotina em todos os casos na primeira consulta. A radiografia simples do t&#243;rax e o ecocardiograma foram solicitados em todos os casos suspeitos e tamb&#233;m naqueles com dados cl&#237;nicos, obviamente compat&#237;veis com a presen&#231;a de cardiopatia. Na an&#225;lise do diagn&#243;stico definitivo s&#243; foram considerados os casos que completaram a investiga&#231;&#227;o diagn&#243;stica, ou seja, retornaram com os exames complementares solicitados (n= 1.112). Os indiv&#237;duos considerados normais foram os portadores de sopro inocente e aqueles considerados suspeitos com ecocardiograma normal. </p>
    <fig id="fig01">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-84-02-0147-00010-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>
      <bold>Resultados</bold>
    </p>
    <p>No G1, 399 (71%) pacientes foram encaminhados devido &#224; presen&#231;a de um sopro card&#237;aco; outras causas de encaminhamento foram: suspeita de arritmia 45 (8%), dor precordial 39 (7%), dispn&#233;ia 37 (6,5%) e motivos variados 42 (7,5%). No G2, 293 (70%) pacientes tamb&#233;m foram encaminhados devido a um sopro card&#237;aco; outros motivos de encaminhamento foram: dor precordial 29 (7%), suspeita de arritmia 28 (7%), dispn&#233;ia 16 (4%), seguimento p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio 19 (4%) e motivos variados 35 (8%). No G3, a maioria dos pacientes tinha sido originalmente encaminhada devido a um sopro: 214 (56%); outros motivos de encaminhamento foram: seguimento p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio 92 (24%), suspeita de arritmia 17 (4%) e motivos variados 60 (16%) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig02">fig. 2</xref>). </p>
    <fig id="fig02">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-84-02-0147-00010-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>Os pacientes que n&#227;o completaram a investiga&#231;&#227;o ou abandonaram o tratamento foram aqueles que n&#227;o retornaram ao ambulat&#243;rio com os exames complementares ap&#243;s o diagn&#243;stico inicial (G1 e G2) e que abandonaram o seguimento ambulatorial (G3). Essa incid&#234;ncia, respectivamente do G1 ao G3, foi: 31% (n=173), 17% (n=70) e 3% (n=10). </p>
    <p>O diagn&#243;stico definitivo foi estabelecido em 1.112 pacientes que completaram a investiga&#231;&#227;o. No G1, 346 (89%) eram normais enquanto 43 (11%) tinham cardiopatia, com os diagn&#243;sticos comunica&#231;&#227;o interventricular (CIV) 10 (23%), estenose pulmonar (EP) 9 (21%), comunica&#231;&#227;o interatrial (CIA) 5 (12%), prolapso da valva mitral (PVM) 4 (9%), febre reum&#225;tica (FR) 4 (9%), dilata&#231;&#227;o idiop&#225;tica do tronco pulmonar (TAP) 2 (5%), defeito do septo atrioventricular (DSAV) 2 (5%) e outros diagn&#243;sticos variados 7 (16%) incluindo 1 caso cada de estenose a&#243;rtica valvar (EA), s&#237;ndrome de Wolff-Parkinson-White, dupla via de sa&#237;da do ventr&#237;culo direito (DVSVD), coarcta&#231;&#227;o da aorta (CoAo), miocardiopatia hipertr&#243;fica (HOCM), PCA e estenose subvalvar a&#243;rtica (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig03">fig. 3</xref>). No G2 (CLIP), 268 (76%) eram normais enquanto 82 (24%) tinham cardiopatia, sendo que 62 estavam em seguimento sem necessidade de interven&#231;&#227;o e com diagn&#243;stico de CIV 14 (22%), EP 12 (19%), EA 7 (11%) e outros diagn&#243;sticos variados 29 (48%) incluindo 5 casos de CIA, 5 de TAP, 3 casos de arritmia, 3 de PVM, 2 casos de miocardiopatia, 2 de CoAo, 2 de hipertens&#227;o arterial e 1 caso cada de tetralogia de Fallot (TF), transposi&#231;&#227;o dos grandes vasos (TGA), DSAV, DVSVD, estenose mitral, FR e ventr&#237;culo &#250;nico. Em rela&#231;&#227;o aos 20 pacientes em seguimento ap&#243;s terap&#234;utica invasiva, os procedimentos realizados tinham sido: fechamento de CIV 6 (30%), cirurgia de Blalock-Taussig modificada 4 (20%), al&#237;vio de CoAo 2 (10%), corre&#231;&#227;o de TF 2 (10%) e 1 caso cada de corre&#231;&#227;o de DSAV, TGA e CIA. Tr&#234;s pacientes foram submetidos a um cateterismo intervencionista para al&#237;vio de EA, EP e oclus&#227;o de PCA com <italic>coil</italic> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig04">fig. 4</xref>). No G3 22 (6%) pacientes eram normais enquanto 351 (94%) necessitavam seguimento ambulatorial. Entre esses casos patol&#243;gicos, 247 estavam em seguimento sem necessidade de interven&#231;&#227;o e com os diagn&#243;sticos de: CIV 68 (28%), EP 36 (15%), CIA 29 (12%), EA 20 (8%), FR 18 (7%), arritmia 14 (5%), PVM 14 (5%), TF 9 (4%), miocardite aguda 7 (3%), doen&#231;a de Ebstein 4 (2%), DSAV 3 (1%), HOCM 3 (1%), miocardiopatia dilatada 3 (1%) e outros diagn&#243;sticos variados 19 (8%) incluindo 2 casos cada de TGA, ventr&#237;culo &#250;nico e atresia tric&#250;spide e 1 caso cada de f&#237;stula arteriovenosa pulmonar, hipertens&#227;o pulmonar l&#250;pica, DVSVD, persist&#234;ncia da veia cava superior esquerda, insufici&#234;ncia a&#243;rtica leve, TAP, EA leve associada a EP leve, insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide, glicogenose, atresia pulmonar, insufici&#234;ncia mitral, seguimento p&#243;s-endocardite e s&#237;ndrome de Turner. Em rela&#231;&#227;o aos 104 pacientes em seguimento ap&#243;s terap&#234;utica invasiva, os procedimentos realizados tinham sido: valvoplastia pulmonar com cateter-bal&#227;o 5 (5%), fechamento de CIV 30 (29%), fechamento de CIA 16 (15%), cirurgia de Blalock-Taussig modificada 14 (13%), corre&#231;&#227;o de TF 14 (13%), fechamento de PCA 9 (9%), al&#237;vio de CoAo 5 (5%), corre&#231;&#227;o de DSAV 4 (4%) e outros procedimentos cir&#250;rgicos variados 7 (7%) incluindo 2 casos de al&#237;vio de EP e 1 caso cada de corre&#231;&#227;o de atresia pulmonar com septo interventricular &#237;ntegro, estenose suba&#243;rtica, cirurgia de Fontan, cerclagem de art&#233;ria pulmonar e cirurgia para endomiocardiofibrose (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig05">fig. 5</xref>). </p>
    <fig id="fig03">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-84-02-0147-00010-gf03.jpg"/></fig>
    <fig id="fig04">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-84-02-0147-00010-gf04.jpg"/></fig>
    <fig id="fig05">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-84-02-0147-00010-gf05.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>Como conduta no G1, 89% dos casos tiveram alta, enquanto 11% tiveram necessidade de acompanhamento ambulatorial. No G2, 76% receberam alta e 24% necessitaram seguimento ambulatorial. No G3, 6% tiveram alta enquanto 94% necessitaram seguimento ambulatorial. </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Discuss&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>A cidade de Ribeir&#227;o Preto tem uma popula&#231;&#227;o aproximada de 500.000 habitantes e o atendimento prim&#225;rio &#233; oferecido a partir de 32 Unidades B&#225;sicas de Sa&#250;de (UBS) localizadas, preferencialmente, na periferia da cidade. No &#226;mbito da pediatria, os casos que necessitam atendimento especializado s&#227;o encaminhados ao Ambulat&#243;rio Regional de Especialidades Pedi&#225;tricas, localizado na regi&#227;o central da cidade. Particularmente, na &#225;rea da cardiologia pedi&#225;trica, este atendimento &#233; oferecido durante cinco per&#237;odos semanais de 4h atrav&#233;s de agendamento informatizado extensivo a outras cidades da regi&#227;o. Ap&#243;s exame cl&#237;nico inicial, exames complementares n&#227;o invasivos est&#227;o dispon&#237;veis, como eletrocardiograma e radiografia do t&#243;rax (sem restri&#231;&#227;o) e ecocardiograma (n&#250;mero limitado por cotas mensais). Portadores de cardiopatias complexas, requerendo estudo hemodin&#226;mico e/ou cirurgia card&#237;aca, s&#227;o habitualmente encaminhados para unidade terci&#225;ria no Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto. &#201; importante salientar que essa seq&#252;&#234;ncia de atendimento n&#227;o &#233; compuls&#243;ria, sendo, por&#233;m, obedecida pela grande maioria dos pacientes atendidos nas UBS. </p>
    <p>Conforme sugerido pela Comiss&#227;o Interinstitucional do Estado de S&#227;o Paulo em 1989<sup>1</sup>, o conhecimento do modelo de assist&#234;ncia m&#233;dica oferecido &#224; popula&#231;&#227;o &#233; importante se o objetivo for melhorar o n&#237;vel de atendimento, estabelecer necessidades de recursos e promover a hierarquiza&#231;&#227;o do atendimento em fun&#231;&#227;o da complexidade do caso. Acreditamos que os dados aqui apresentados possam oferecer os subs&#237;dios necess&#225;rios para an&#225;lise do modelo de atendimento na &#225;rea da cardiologia pedi&#225;trica. </p>
    <p>O motivo de encaminhamento foi definido como a justificativa para atendimento do paciente em um dos tr&#234;s ambulat&#243;rios, ficando claro o n&#250;mero expressivo de crian&#231;as encaminhadas para avalia&#231;&#227;o devido &#224; presen&#231;a de sopro card&#237;aco, particularmente no ambulat&#243;rio da rede p&#250;blica (71%) e na cl&#237;nica privada (70%). N&#250;mero menor no G3 (56%), visto tratar-se de unidade terci&#225;ria com grande n&#250;mero de pacientes em seguimento ap&#243;s cirurgia card&#237;aca. Nos outros motivos de encaminhamento, como dor precordial, dispn&#233;ia, arritmia e causas variadas, observamos incid&#234;ncia semelhante entre os G1 e G2. Foi observado no G3, a ocorr&#234;ncia de 24% de casos em seguimento ap&#243;s cirurgia, diferentemente dos outros dois grupos. Esses n&#250;meros, particularmente a grande incid&#234;ncia de pacientes encaminhados por sopro, j&#225; foram bem discutidos na literatura<sup>3,4</sup>. </p>
    <p>Foi definido como abandono da investiga&#231;&#227;o quando houve aus&#234;ncia de retorno do paciente com os exames n&#227;o invasivos solicitados<sup>3,4</sup> e &#233; fato conhecido na pr&#225;tica m&#233;dica geral. Na nossa experi&#234;ncia, a incid&#234;ncia de pacientes que n&#227;o completaram a investiga&#231;&#227;o &#233; expressivamente alta, ocorrendo em 31% dos casos do G1 e em 17% no G2, fato que merece ser especificamente estudado. Fatores inerentes &#224;s caracter&#237;sticas do atendimento, como condi&#231;&#245;es estruturais e rela&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dico-paciente devem ser considerados e analisados, na tentativa de se identificar elementos influenciando esse controle. Considerando-se que a ocorr&#234;ncia de crian&#231;as com sopro inocente &#233; elevada e que o benef&#237;cio da solicita&#231;&#227;o de exames complementares &#233; sabidamente negativo<sup>5-7</sup>, al&#233;m de potencialmente oneroso quando usado indiscriminadamente<sup>8</sup>, essa pr&#225;tica deve ser questionada e, se abandonada, certamente levaria a uma diminui&#231;&#227;o consider&#225;vel dos casos de abandono. </p>
    <p>Quanto ao diagn&#243;stico definitivo, como j&#225; relatado<sup>3,4</sup>, pacientes considerados normais do ponto de vista cardiovascular, ap&#243;s conclus&#227;o da investiga&#231;&#227;o, compreendem a grande maioria dos casos de ambulat&#243;rios da rede p&#250;blica de sa&#250;de e de cl&#237;nica privada. Na presente investiga&#231;&#227;o esses n&#250;meros chegaram a 89% e 76% respectivamente e essa pequena diferen&#231;a entre os dois grupos deve-se, talvez, a um processo de triagem provavelmente mais elaborada nos pacientes privados. Sabendo-se que a grande maioria desses casos &#233; encaminhada ap&#243;s avalia&#231;&#227;o pedi&#225;trica inicial, alguns questionamentos emergem em rela&#231;&#227;o ao atendimento prim&#225;rio: a exist&#234;ncia de um ambulat&#243;rio especializado induz ao encaminhamento autom&#225;tico, sem tentativa de resolu&#231;&#227;o local? O pediatra tem condi&#231;&#245;es de natureza formativa e mesmo de estrutura local para reconhecer um sopro inocente? Se o objetivo for a resolu&#231;&#227;o r&#225;pida do caso sem onerar a fam&#237;lia com locomo&#231;&#245;es desnecess&#225;rias nem causar ansiedade evit&#225;vel, acreditamos que a maioria desses casos poderia ser resolvido nas UBS pelo pediatra, diminuindo consideravelmente o encaminhamento ao ambulat&#243;rio especializado. Chama aten&#231;&#227;o a baixa incid&#234;ncia de indiv&#237;duos normais no ambulat&#243;rio terci&#225;rio (6%), uma das caracter&#237;sticas de um servi&#231;o de refer&#234;ncia. </p>
    <p>As doen&#231;as mais encontradas nos tr&#234;s grupos estudados foram semelhantes em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; sua preval&#234;ncia, como a comunica&#231;&#227;o interventricular e a estenose pulmonar. Deve ser destacado, entretanto, o n&#250;mero importante (104) de pacientes em seguimento ap&#243;s terap&#234;utica invasiva, principalmente cirurgia, portadores de diagn&#243;sticos variados. </p>
    <p>Com rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; conduta, o alto grau de resolutividade encontrado no G1 (89%) e G2 (76%) reflete, na verdade, o grande n&#250;mero de encaminhamentos desnecess&#225;rios de casos potencialmente solucion&#225;veis nas UBS. Uma vez ocorrida melhora da resolu&#231;&#227;o nas UBS, a conseq&#252;&#234;ncia imediata dentro do fluxograma de atendimento seria a diminui&#231;&#227;o de casos encaminhados ao centro terci&#225;rio, usualmente sobrecarregado por ser o &#250;nico centro regional de atendimento p&#250;blico abrangendo a cidade e regi&#227;o. Assim, devido ao grande n&#250;mero de indiv&#237;duos normais, o n&#250;mero de altas ambulatoriais foi expressivo nos G1 e G2, 89% e 76% respectivamente, ao contr&#225;rio do G3 (6%). </p>
    <p>Os dados aqui apresentados revelam um perfil ambulatorial diferenciado entre os pacientes dos grupos 1 e 2 e do grupo 3 isoladamente. Apesar de alguns n&#250;meros diferentes, o G1 &#233; muito semelhante ao G2, ao contr&#225;rio do G3, que tem caracter&#237;sticas peculiares. A aus&#234;ncia de investiga&#231;&#245;es semelhantes na literatura torna dif&#237;cil a compara&#231;&#227;o com os nossos dados, por&#233;m, deve ser citado estudo recente sobre atendimento cardiol&#243;gico ambulatorial no nosso meio<sup>9</sup>, bastante relevante, ao nosso ver, pois espelha o perfil de atendimento cardiol&#243;gico em adultos, servindo de modelo para compara&#231;&#227;o com investiga&#231;&#245;es futuras. </p>
    <p>Finalizando, acreditamos que os dados aqui apresentados, relativos ao atendimento em per&#237;odo de um ano, em 3 ambulat&#243;rios distintos, permite-nos concluir que: 1) treinamento cardiol&#243;gico pedi&#225;trico b&#225;sico para pediatras das UBS &#233; necess&#225;rio com o objetivo fundamental de diminuir encaminhamentos desnecess&#225;rios; cursos, palestras e atividade ambulatorial orientada devem ser implementados; 2) as condi&#231;&#245;es de atendimento nas UBS devem ser verificadas para comprovar a viabilidade do exame cl&#237;nico cardiol&#243;gico no local; 3) investiga&#231;&#227;o espec&#237;fica para verificar as causas do alto &#237;ndice de abandono da investiga&#231;&#227;o deve ser implementada; 4) devido &#224; alta complexidade dos casos atendidos no G3, h&#225; necessidade de investimentos estruturais e na forma&#231;&#227;o de recursos humanos para atender a demanda expressiva nesse centro. </p>
    <p>Baseado nestas conclus&#245;es, acreditamos que a exist&#234;ncia de um ambulat&#243;rio de cardiologia pedi&#225;trica na rede p&#250;blica deve ser mantido, podendo o n&#250;mero de horas de atendimento ser diminu&#237;do caso se verifique aumento da resolutividade nas UBS. Acreditamos que o pediatra tem condi&#231;&#245;es de dar alta ao grande n&#250;mero de crian&#231;as com sopro inocente, sem realiza&#231;&#227;o de exames complementares e com baixo risco de erro diagn&#243;stico<sup>10</sup>. Os casos duvidosos e aqueles obviamente patol&#243;gicos seriam ent&#227;o encaminhados para avalia&#231;&#227;o especializada. Um aspecto interessante e que merece ser discutido &#233; a implanta&#231;&#227;o de ambulat&#243;rio especializado para pacientes acima de 15 anos de idade portadores de cardiopatia tratada ou n&#227;o. Centros terci&#225;rios, em v&#225;rios pa&#237;ses, j&#225; oferecem esse servi&#231;o rotineiramente a essa popula&#231;&#227;o<sup>11-14</sup>, onde orienta&#231;&#227;o especializada se faz necess&#225;ria. </p>
    <p>Considerando essas informa&#231;&#245;es, acreditamos possuir elementos que podem permitir melhor racionaliza&#231;&#227;o com conseq&#252;ente melhor atendimento na &#225;rea da cardiologia pedi&#225;trica. As conclus&#245;es aqui apresentadas e j&#225; discutidas<sup>15</sup> s&#227;o teoricamente aplic&#225;veis para cidades com caracter&#237;sticas similares &#224; de Ribeir&#227;o Preto, onde existem unidades prim&#225;rias, secund&#225;rias e terci&#225;rias. Investiga&#231;&#245;es semelhantes realizadas em outros centros seriam interessantes para compara&#231;&#227;o dos resultados.</p>
    <p>
      <fn id="end" fn-type="corresp">
        <label>
          <bold>Endere&#231;o para correspond&#234;ncia</bold>
        </label>
        <p> Fernando Amaral </p>
        <p> Av. Independ&#234;ncia, 1387 </p>
        <p> Cep 14025-390 - Ribeir&#227;o Preto - SP </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="ftvamaral@bol.com.br">ftvamaral@bol.com.br</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p>Enviado em 28/04/2004 </p>
    <p> Aceito em 29/07/2004</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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        <mixed-citation>14. Deanfield J, Thaulow E, Warnes C et al. Management    of grown-up congenital heart disease. Eur Heart J 2003; 24: 1035-84. </mixed-citation>
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          <lpage>84</lpage>
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              <surname>Deanfield</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Thaulow</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
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        <mixed-citation>15. Granzotti JA, Amaral F, Sim&#245;es BJG.    Perfil ambulatorial em cardiologia pedi&#225;trica na cidade de Ribeir&#227;o    Preto. Resultados preliminares. Anais XXX Congresso Brasileiro de Pediatria,    Rio de Janeiro. Arq Bras Pediatria 1997; 27, supl. I.</mixed-citation>
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          <article-title>Perfil ambulatorial em cardiologia pedi&#225;trica na cidade de Ribeir&#227;o Preto: Resultados preliminares. Anais XXX Congresso Brasileiro de Pediatria, Rio de Janeiro</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Pediatria</source>
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            <year>1997</year>
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              <surname>Granzotti</surname>
              <given-names>JA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Amaral</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
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              <given-names>BJG</given-names>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Profile of pediatric outpatient in cardiology clinics in the city of Ribeir&#227;o Preto</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>OBJECTIVE: To verify the pediatric cardiology outpatient clinic characteristics in Ribeir&#227;o Preto (RP) city, emphasizing reasons for referral, definitive diagnosis and outcome through analysis of patients seen in 3 distinct settings. METHODS: In 1996, 1,365 consecutive patients, aged 1 month to 14 years were seen: G1 (n = 562), public pediatric cardiology outpatient clinic; G2 (n = 420), private practice; G3 (n = 383) pediatric cardiology outpatient clinic at Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto. Origin of the patients: G1: RP (78%) and region (22%); G2: RP (67%), region (25%), and other regions/states (8%); G3: RP (26%), region (43.5%), and other regions/states (30.5%). RESULTS: Reasons for referral: G1: murmur (71%), arrhythmia (8%), chest pain (7%), breathlessness (6.5%), other reasons (7.5%). G2: murmur (70%), chest pain (7%), arrhythmia (7%), breathlessness (4%), postoperative follow-up (4%), other reasons (8%). G3: murmur (56%), postoperative follow-up (24%), arrhythmia (4%), other reasons (16%). Patients lost to follow-up: G1: 31%, G2: 17%, G3: 3%. Final diagnosis: G1: 346 (89%) normal and 43 (11%) abnormal patients; G2: 268 (76%) normal and 82 (24%) abnormal patients; G3: 22 (6%) normal and 351 (94%) abnormal patients. Outcome: G1: discharge (89%), follow-up (11%); G2: discharge (76%), follow-up (24%); G3: discharge (6%), follow-up (94%). CONCLUSION: Clinical profile is different among the 3 groups (G1 and G2 are similar). Intervention in the Basic Health Units seems to be necessary to verify structural facilities and to offer basic pediatric cardiology training to pediatricians. It is important to verify the high index of patients lost to follow-up, particularly in G1. Structural and human resources are needed if adequate assistance is to be expected for the highly complex cases seen in G3. The pediatric cardiology public outpatient clinic should be maintained until resolution of cases by the pediatricians in the Basic Health Units improves.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>pediatric cardiology</kwd>
        <kwd>pediatric outpatient</kwd>
        <kwd>heart murmur</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Profile of pediatric outpatient in cardiology clinics in the city of Ribeir&#227;o Preto</p>
      <p>Fernando Amaral; Jo&#227;o A. Granzotti; Bruno G. Dantas; Diogo C. Balestra</p>
      <p>Ribeir&#227;o Preto, SP - Brazil</p>
      <p>Ambulat&#243;rio Regional de Especialidades, SUS; Faculdade de Medicina da AERP; Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o de Ribeir&#227;o Preto, Funda&#231;&#227;o Waldemar B. Pessoa. Departamento de Puericultura e Pediatria da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto, USP</p>
      <p>
        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end-body2">Correspondence</xref>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>ABSTRACT</bold>
      </p>
      <p><bold>OBJECTIVE: </bold> To verify the pediatric cardiology outpatient clinic characteristics in Ribeir&#227;o Preto (RP) city, emphasizing reasons for referral, definitive diagnosis and outcome through analysis of patients seen in 3 distinct settings.</p>
      <p><bold>METHODS: </bold> In 1996, 1,365 consecutive patients, aged 1 month to 14 years were seen: G1 (n = 562), public pediatric cardiology outpatient clinic; G2 (n = 420), private practice; G3 (n = 383) pediatric cardiology outpatient clinic at Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto. Origin of the patients: G1: RP (78%) and region (22%); G2: RP (67%), region (25%), and other regions/states (8%); G3: RP (26%), region (43.5%), and other regions/states (30.5%).</p>
      <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold> Reasons for referral: G1: murmur (71%), arrhythmia (8%), chest pain (7%), breathlessness (6.5%), other reasons (7.5%). G2: murmur (70%), chest pain (7%), arrhythmia (7%), breathlessness (4%), postoperative follow-up (4%), other reasons (8%). G3: murmur (56%), postoperative follow-up (24%), arrhythmia (4%), other reasons (16%). Patients lost to follow-up: G1: 31%, G2: 17%, G3: 3%. Final diagnosis: G1: 346 (89%) normal and 43 (11%) abnormal patients; G2: 268 (76%) normal and 82 (24%) abnormal patients; G3: 22 (6%) normal and 351 (94%) abnormal patients. Outcome: G1: discharge (89%), follow-up (11%); G2: discharge (76%), follow-up (24%); G3: discharge (6%), follow-up (94%).</p>
      <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold> Clinical profile is different among the 3 groups (G1 and G2 are similar). Intervention in the Basic Health Units seems to be necessary to verify structural facilities and to offer basic pediatric cardiology training to pediatricians. It is important to verify the high index of patients lost to follow-up, particularly in G1. Structural and human resources are needed if adequate assistance is to be expected for the highly complex cases seen in G3. The pediatric cardiology public outpatient clinic should be maintained until resolution of cases by the pediatricians in the Basic Health Units improves. </p>
      <p><bold>Key words: </bold> pediatric cardiology, pediatric outpatient, heart murmur</p>
      <p> Despite last years' great advance verified in terms of diagnosis and treatment available to patients with congenital heart disease, some aspects related to the characteristics of these patients have not been discussed. Because a rationale for adequate investments is currently considered an important matter, particularly in our country, it is obviously important to know the epidemiological information regarding these patients to optimize individual assistance. In this context, the organization of the pediatric cardiology assistance, as already suggested for other areas <sup>1</sup>, may contribute to a better individual outcome and allow for adequate investment of resources. The purpose of this paper is to present the information obtained during a consecutive period of 12 months (1996) regarding the pediatric cardiology outpatient clinic assistance offered in the City of Ribeir&#227;o Preto, State of S&#227;o Paulo. The main characteristics and pattern of referral of the patients were analyzed as well as the incidence, type of heart disease, and outcome; part of these data have already been published <sup>2</sup>. It should be emphasized that the referral of the cases to the 3 units involved is not compulsory. However, in view of the great number of patients referred, we believe that the data herein presented could be considered a reliable and representative sample of the cases seen in the region, conferring a particular epidemiological relevance to the study. </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Methods</bold>
      </p>
      <p>During a 12-month period (January 2 to December 31,/1996), 1,365 patients were consecutively seen in 3 outpatient clinics, geographically and functionally independent: GI (SUS): 562 patients referred from the local and regional Basic Health Units and seen at a specialized public pediatric outpatient clinic located downtown; G2 (CLIP): 420 patients seen in a private office; G3 (HCFMRP): 383 patients seen at the pediatric cardiology outpatient clinic of the Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdadede Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto, a tertiary center offering specialized diagnosis and treatment. The patient distribution according to sex masculine or feminine was similar: G1: 54% and 46%; G2: 56% and 44%; G3: 52% and 48%, respectively. Regarding the age of the patients, the proportions, respectively, from G1 to G3 were newborns (<underline>&lt;</underline> 30 days): 4%, 4%, 3.5%; infants (&gt; 30 days and <underline>&lt;</underline> 2 years): 24%, 20%, 23%; preschool age (&gt; 2 years and <underline>&lt;</underline> 6 years): 31%, 40%, 27.5%; school age (&gt; 6 years): 41%, 36%, 46% (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig01-body2">fig. 1</xref>). In relation to the origin of the patients, we noted G1: RP city (77%), RP region (22%), and other regions (1%); G2: RP city (67%), RP region (25%), and other regions/states (8%); G3: RP city (26%), RP region (43.5%), and other regions/states (30.5%). All the G1 (DORV), coarctation of the aorta (CoAo), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HOCM), persistent ductus arteriosus and subvalvar aortic stenosis (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig03-body2">fig. 3</xref>). In G2 (CLIP), 268 (76%) were normal while 82 (24%) had a heart disease. Among these cases, 62 were being followed with no previous intervention and with a diagnosis of VSD 14 (22%), PS 12 (19%), AE 7 (11%), and other diagnoses 29 (48%) including 5 cases of ASD, 5 of PAD, 3 cases of arrhythmia, 3 MVP, 2 cardiomyopathy, 2 CoAo, 2 cases of systemic hypertension, and one case each of tetralogy of Fallot (TF), transposition of the great arteries (TGA), AVSD, DORV, mitral stenosis, RF, and univentricular atrioventricular connection. Regarding the 20 patients being treated, the procedures performed were VSD closure 6 (30%), modified Blalock Taussig operation 4 (20%), relief of CoAo 2 (10%), correction of TF 2 (10%), and one case each of correction of AVSD, TGA, and ASD. Three patients underwent an interventional catheterization for relief of AS, PS, and to occlude a ductus with a coil (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig04-body2">fig. 4</xref>). In G3 (HCFMRP), 22 (6%) individuals were normal while 351 (94%) had a heart disease. Among these cases, 247 were being followed with no previous intervention and with the following diagnoses: VSD 68 (28%), PS 36 (15%), ASD 29 (12%), AS 20 (8%), rheumatic fever 18 (7%), arrhythmia 14 (5%), MVP 14 (5%), TF 9 (4%), acute myocarditis 7 (3%), Ebstein malformation 4 (2%), AVSD 3 (1%), HOCM 3 (1%), dilated cardiomyopathy 3 (1%), and other various diagnoses 19 (8%) including 2 cases each of TGA, univentricular atrioventricular connection and tricuspid atresia, and one case each of pulmonary arteriovenous fistula, pulmonary hypertension due to lupus, DORV, persistence of left superior vena cava, mild aortic regurgitation, PAD, mild AS associated with to mild PS, tricuspid regurgitation, glycogenosis, pulmonary atresia with a VSD, mitral regurgitation, follow-up after endocarditis, and Turner syndrome. Regarding the 104 patients followed up after invasive therapy, the procedures done were balloon dilatation of the and G2 patients were examined by one of the authors (FA) when a full cardiovascular clinical examination was done with the patient at rest. The author also examined the great majority of G3 patients and used the information available in the patients' notes in the other cases. The electrocardiogram (EKG) was done routinely during the first consultation in all cases. The chest X-ray and echocardiogram were done in all patients suspected of having congenital heart disease and also in the obvious cases. To establish the final diagnosis, we only considered patients who completed the investigation returning with the tests requested (n = 1112). The individuals considered normal from the cardiac point of view were those with an innocent murmur and those whose echocardiogram was normal. </p>
      <fig id="fig01-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-84-02-0147-00010-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <fig id="fig02-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-84-02-0147-00010-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <fig id="fig03-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-84-02-0147-00010-gf03-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <fig id="fig04-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-84-02-0147-00010-gf04-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-84-02-0147-00010-e01-en.jpg"/></p>
      <p>
        <bold>Results</bold>
      </p>
      <p>In G1, 399 (71%) patients were referred due to a heart murmur, and other causes for referral were arrhythmia 45 (8%), chest pain 39 (7%), breathlessness 37 (6.5%), and various others causes 42 (7.5%). In G2, 293 (70%) patients were also referred due to a heart murmur, and the other reasons were chest pain 29 (7%), arrhythmia 28 (7%), breathlessness 16 (4%), postoperative follow-up 19 (4%), and various others causes 35 (8%). In G3, the majority of the patients had originally been referred due to a heart murmur (n = 214, 56%), and the other reasons were postoperative follow-up 92 (24%), arrhythmia 17 (4%), and various other causes 60 (16%) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig02-body2">fig. 2</xref>). </p>
      <p>The patients who did not complete the investigation or were lost to follow-up were defined for those patients who did not return to the outpatient clinic with the tests requested after the initial diagnosis (G1 and G2) and those who were lost to follow-up (G3). This prevalence, respectively from G1 to G3, was 31% (n = 173), 17% (n = 70), and 3% (n = 10). </p>
      <p>The final diagnosis was established in 1.112 patients who completed the investigation. In G1 (SUS), 346 (89%) were normal while 43 (11%) had a heart disease. Among these, the diagnoses were ventricular septal defect (VSD) 10 (23%), pulmonary valve stenosis (PS) 9 (21%), atrial septal defect (ASD) 5 (12%), mitral valve prolapse (MVP) 4 (9%), rheumatic fever (RF) 4 (9%), idiopathic dilatation of the pulmonary artery (PAD) 2 (5%), atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) 2 (5%), and other various diagnoses 7 (16%) including one case each of valvar aortic stenosis (AE), Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, double outlet right ventricle (DORV), coarctation of the aorta (CoAo), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HOCM), persistent ductus arteriosus and subvalvar aortic stenosis (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig03-body2">fig. 3</xref>). In G2 (CLIP), 268 (76%) were normal while 82 (24%) had a heart disease. Among these cases, 62 were being followed with no previous intervention and with a diagnosis of VSD 14 (22%), PS 12 (19%), AE 7 (11%), and other diagnoses 29 (48%) including 5 cases of ASD, 5 of PAD, 3 cases of arrhythmia, 3 MVP, 2 cardiomyopathy, 2 CoAo, 2 cases of systemic hypertension, and one case each of tetralogy of Fallot (TF), transposition of the great arteries (TGA), AVSD, DORV, mitral stenosis, RF, and univentricular atrioventricular connection. Regarding the 20 patients being treated, the procedures performed were VSD closure 6 (30%), modified Blalock Taussig operation 4 (20%), relief of CoAo 2 (10%), correction of TF 2 (10%), and one case each of correction of AVSD, TGA, and ASD. Three patients underwent an interventional catheterization for relief of AS, PS, and to occlude a ductus with a coil (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig04-body2">fig. 4</xref>). In G3 (HCFMRP), 22 (6%) individuals were normal while 351 (94%) had a heart disease. Among these cases, 247 were being followed with no previous intervention and with the following diagnoses: VSD 68 (28%), PS 36 (15%), ASD 29 (12%), AS 20 (8%), rheumatic fever 18 (7%), arrhythmia 14 (5%), MVP 14 (5%), TF 9 (4%), acute myocarditis 7 (3%), Ebstein malformation 4 (2%), AVSD 3 (1%), HOCM 3 (1%), dilated cardiomyopathy 3 (1%), and other various diagnoses 19 (8%) including 2 cases each of TGA, univentricular atrioventricular connection and tricuspid atresia, and one case each of pulmonary arteriovenous fistula, pulmonary hypertension due to lupus, DORV, persistence of left superior vena cava, mild aortic regurgitation, PAD, mild AS associated with to mild PS, tricuspid regurgitation, glycogenosis, pulmonary atresia with a VSD, mitral regurgitation, follow-up after endocarditis, and Turner syndrome. Regarding the 104 patients followed up after invasive therapy, the procedures done were balloon dilatation of the pulmonary valve 5 (5%), surgical closure of a VSD 30 (29%), surgical closure of an ASD 16 (15%), modified Blalock-Taussig anastomosis 14 (13%), correction of TF 14 (13%), surgical closure of a ductus 9 (9%), relief of CoAo 5 (5%), AVSD correction 4 (4%), and other various surgical procedures 7 (7%) including 2 cases of relief of PS and one case each of correction of pulmonary atresia with an intact septum, subaortic stenosis, Fontan operation, pulmonary artery banding and surgery for endomyocardiofibrosis. </p>
      <p>Regarding outcomes, in G1 (SUS) 89% of the cases were discharged while 11% needed outpatient follow-up. In G2 (CLIP), 76% were discharged while 24% needed follow-up. In G3 (HCFMRP), 6% were discharged while 94% needed outpatient follow-up. </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Discussion</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The City of Ribeir&#227;o Preto has a population of approximately 500 000 people, and basic outpatient assistance is offered by 32 so-called Basic Health Units (BHU), most of them located in the outskirts of the city. The pediatric cases that need specialized consultation are usually referred to the Regional Specialized Pediatric Outpatient Clinic located downtown. Regarding pediatric cardiology, this assistance is offered during 5 weekly periods of 4 hours each through computerized booking, also including the neighboring cities. After a full clinical cardiac examination, noninvasive tests are requested, such as EKG, chest X-ray (no restriction), and echocardiogram (limited). Patients with complex heart disease requiring hemodynamic studies, heart surgery, or both, are usually referred to the Medical School Hospital. It should be emphasized that this pattern of assistance is not compulsory, being however adopted for the great majority of patients seen in the BHU. </p>
      <p>As suggested by the S&#227;o Paulo State Interinstitutional Commission in 1989 <sup>1</sup>, the awareness of this mode of assistance offered to the population is important if the purpose is to improve the pattern of assistance, establish necessary resources, and promote adequate assistance referring the patient according to the complexity of the problem. We believe that the data here presented may offer adequate information regarding the pediatric cardiology mode of assistance. </p>
      <p>The reason for referral was defined as the reason justified for seeing the patients in one of the 3 clinics. The high number of children referred due to a heart murmur, particularly to the public (71%) and private (70%) clinics, is noteworthy. As would be expected, this number is lower for the G3 patients (56%), because this is a tertiary unit with a great number of patients being followed up after cardiac surgery. Regarding the other reasons for referral, such as chest pain, breathlessness, arrhythmia, and other causes, we noted a similar occurrence in G1 and G2. The 24% occurrence of patients in G3 being followed up after surgery should be noted. This did not occur in the other groups. These numbers, particularly the great number of patients referred due to a heart murmur, are well documented in the literature and have been thoroughly discussed <sup>3,4</sup>. </p>
      <p>Patients lost to follow-up were defined as the patient who did not return to the clinic with the tests requested; this aspect has been emphasized <sup>3,4</sup> and is a well-known fact in medical practice. In the data here presented, the incidence of patients who did not complete the investigation is very high, occurring in 31% of G1 and 17% of G2 cases. We believe this fact should be specifically investigated. Factors related to the characteristic of the assistance such as structural conditions and patient-doctor relationship should be considered in an attempt to identify elements influencing this control. Considering that the occurrence of children with a heart murmur is high and that the benefits of tests requested are low <sup>5-7</sup> and also expensive when inadequately used <sup>8</sup>, this practice should be questioned and, if abandoned, would lead to a considerable diminution of patients lost to follow-up. </p>
      <p>Referring final diagnosis, as already reported <sup>3,4</sup>, subjects considered normal from the cardiac point of view comprise the great majority of cases seen in the public and private outpatient clinic. In the present investigation, these numbers were 89% and 76%, respectively, and the small difference between them could, perhaps, be explained by a better referral pattern for the private patients. As most of these patients are referred after the initial pediatric examination, some doubts may arise regarding the primary assistance: the existence of a specialized clinic makes the pediatrician automatically refer most of the patients with no attempt to solve the problem? Does the pediatrician have formative knowledge and structural conditions in the BHS to recognize an innocent murmur? If the purpose is to solve the problem with low costs and avoid parental anxiety, we believe that most of these cases could well be solved by the pediatricians in the BHU, lowering considerably the number of cases referred to the specialized clinic. The small (6%) prevalence of normal cases in the tertiary outpatient clinic should be noted, which is a characteristic of a referral center. </p>
      <p>The entities most commonly found in the 3 groups studied were similar, ventricular septal defect and pulmonary valve stenosis. However, the significant incidence (n=104) of patients with various diseases followed up after invasive therapy, mainly surgical, should be emphasized. </p>
      <p>Regarding outcome, the high number of cases discharged in G1 (89%) and G2 (76%) actually reflect the high number of unnecessary referrals of cases that could be solved in the BHU. If that happens, the immediate consequence in the assistance process would mean fewer cases referred to the tertiary center, which is usually very busy because it is the only specialized public referral center in the region. In view of the great number of normal cases, the incidence of outpatient discharge was high in G1 (89%) and G2 (76%), respectively, which did not occur in G3 (6%). </p>
      <p>The above data disclose a different outpatient profile among the 3 groups studied. Despite some differences, G1 is very similar to G2, and G3 has peculiar characteristics. The absence of similar investigations published makes a comparison with our data impossible. However, a recent study involving outpatient cardiac cases in our country <sup>9</sup> should be mentioned because it reflects the adult patient's cardiac profile, which should be useful for future comparison. </p>
      <p>Finally, we believe that the data here presented allow us to conclude that: 1) basic pediatric cardiology training for the BHU pediatricians seems to be necessary, the main purpose being to lower the number of unnecessary referrals. Courses, lectures, and oriented outpatient practice should be implemented; 2) the BHU should be inspected to verify whether an adequate cardiac examination is possible; 3) a specific investigation seems to be necessary to verify the high number of patients lost to follow-up; 4) due to the high complexity of the cases seen in G3 (HCFMRP), structural and human resources should be considered. </p>
      <p>Based in these data, we believe that the public outpatient clinic should be kept in the same model until the solution of cases in the BHU improves. The pediatrician could well discharge patients with an innocent murmur without further tests and with a very low risk of errors <sup>10</sup>. The suspicious and obviously abnormal cases should then be referred to the specialized clinic. An interesting aspect to be discussed is the creation of an outpatient clinic for patients over 15 years with congenital heart disease. Tertiary centers all over the world are offering this service for this specific population <sup>11-14</sup> due to the need for specialized orientation. </p>
      <p>In conclusion, we believe that we have presented information that could provide a better rationale for assistance in pediatric cardiology outpatient clinics. The conclusions here reported and already discussed <sup>15</sup> are theoretically applied to cities similar to Ribeir&#227;o Preto where primary, secondary, and tertiary units exist. Similar investigations from other centers would be welcomed for comparison of results. </p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <fn id="end-body2" fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Correspondence to</p>
          <p> Fernando Amaral</p>
          <p> Av. Independ&#234;ncia 1387</p>
          <p> Cep 14025-390 - Ribeir&#227;o Preto - SP</p>
          <p> E-mail: </p>
          <p>
            <email xlink:href="ftvamaral@bol.com.br">ftvamaral@bol.com.br</email>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </p>
      <p>Received for publication: 04/28/2004</p>
      <p> Accepted for publication: 07/29/2004</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
