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<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" specific-use="sps-1.9" dtd-version="1.1" xml:lang="pt" article-type="editorial">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">fcxJSjr5w6pmgxMwpYhTkGb</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00001</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2005000200001</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(05)08400201</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2005000200001</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>&#205;ndice valvar &amp; escore valvar: uma nova forma de comunica&#231;&#227;o do continuum da hist&#243;ria natural da valvopatia</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Grinberg</surname>
            <given-names>Max</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Spina</surname>
            <given-names>Guilherme Sobreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <institution content-type="orgname">USP</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">FM </institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2005</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>84</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>101</fpage>
      <lpage>102</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>08</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2005</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>EDITORIAL</bold>
    </p>
    <p>&#205;ndice valvar &amp; escore valvar. Uma nova forma de comunica&#231;&#227;o do <italic><bold>continuum</bold></italic> da hist&#243;ria natural da valvopatia</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Max Grinberg; Guilherme Sobreira Spina</bold>
    </p>
    <p> S&#227;o Paulo, SP</p>
    <p>Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da FMUSP</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end">Endere&#231;o para correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p> Informa&#231;&#245;es da anamnese, exame f&#237;sico e exames complementares qualificam e quantificam o <italic>continuum </italic>patol&#243;gico desencadeado pela les&#227;o valvar. Acompanhar um paciente com cardiopatia valvar, que costuma ter hist&#243;ria natural longa, &#233; construir um <italic>pari-passu </italic>de compara&#231;&#245;es. Tr&#234;s tipos de comportamentos fazem parte da nossa pr&#225;tica do dia-a-dia: 1) observa&#231;&#227;o da adapta&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular, incluindo preven&#231;&#227;o do fator etiopatog&#234;nico valvar (febre reum&#225;tica ou endocardite infecciosa); 2) interven&#231;&#227;o sobre influ&#234;ncias modificadoras da hist&#243;ria natural (surto reum&#225;tico, endocardite infecciosa, gesta&#231;&#227;o); 3) substitui&#231;&#227;o da hist&#243;ria natural por hist&#243;ria p&#243;s-operat&#243;ria. </p>
    <p>Cada momento da avalia&#231;&#227;o valvar representa um elo entre passos precedentes e previs&#245;es sobre comportamentos seguintes. H&#225; o momento em que o caso &#233; t&#227;o somente um "sopro", e que pressup&#245;e muito tempo de conviv&#234;ncia recomendada com a hist&#243;ria natural; h&#225; o momento da les&#227;o valvar grave com o paciente permanecendo com boa qualidade de vida; h&#225; o momento "de fato doente" assim visto devido &#224; manifesta&#231;&#227;o de sintomas; h&#225; o momento que ultrapassou o ponto da hist&#243;ria natural em que o cardiologista se obrigaria a recomendar interven&#231;&#227;o sobre a ess&#234;ncia anat&#244;mica da cardiopatia<sup>1, 2</sup>. </p>
    <p>Sob a &#243;ptica da praticabilidade, acompanhar um portador de valvopatia &#233; acumular respostas a quatro quesitos, cada um simbolizado por uma letra: 1) qual a gravidade anatomocl&#237;nica da les&#227;o (V); 2) qual a repercuss&#227;o sobre a fun&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica (M); 3) qual o grau de eventual obstru&#231;&#227;o em art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria (C) 4) qual o efeito sobre os n&#237;veis de press&#227;o na art&#233;ria pulmonar (P)? </p>
    <p>Entendemos que reunir quatro respostas sob a sigla VMCP contribui para a caracteriza&#231;&#227;o do momento cl&#237;nico e a comunica&#231;&#227;o interconsulta. Estamos propondo uma classifica&#231;&#227;o 4 x 4, ou seja, ela inclui 4 vari&#225;veis, cada uma delas com 4 categorias. O VMCP representa <italic>&#237;ndice valvar</italic> (ex: V<sub>3</sub>M<sub>2</sub>C<sub>1</sub>P<sub>2</sub> ) e fundamenta o <italic>escore valvar</italic> (3 + 2 + 1 + 2 = 8 no caso citado) <xref ref-type="fig" rid="qdr01">quadro I</xref>. </p>
    <fig id="qdr01">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-84-02-0101-00001-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>Nossa inten&#231;&#227;o foi definir a subdivis&#227;o em categorias com base em pontos de refer&#234;ncia habitualmente empregados. Assim, a passagem de V2 para V3 inclui o caso na classe I de recomenda&#231;&#227;o para tratamento cir&#250;rgico conforme diretriz<sup>1</sup>. A identifica&#231;&#227;o do caso como M3 ou M4 implica em influ&#234;ncia sobre o progn&#243;stico cir&#250;rgico. </p>
    <p>O escore VMCP foi aplicado a 608 valvopatas submetidos a tratamento cir&#250;rgico entre janeiro/2002 a mar&#231;o/2003 em nossa institui&#231;&#227;o. A m&#233;dia et&#225;ria foi de 48.9&#177;17 anos, 55,3% sexo feminino, 58,7% de etiologia reum&#225;tica. </p>
    <p>O grupo com VMCP &gt;8 teve maior tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o que o grupo com escore menor ou igual a este valor (26,6&#177;23,1 vs 20,9&#177;18,7 dias, p=0,006) e maior tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o em UTI p&#243;s operat&#243;ria (8,8&#177;19,4 vs 5,25&#177;8,97 dias, p=0,029). </p>
    <p>Para a mortalidade, a an&#225;lise univariada demonstrou idade (p=0,005, <italic>odds ratio </italic>(OR)=1,03), diabetes (p=0,001, OR=1,7), hist&#243;ria de insufici&#234;ncia renal (p=0,0001, OR=9,1), hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;via por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (ICC) (p=0,001, OR=8,9), reopera&#231;&#227;o (p=0,0009, OR=3,22) e escore VMCP&gt;8 (p=0,001, OR=3,0). Ap&#243;s an&#225;lise multivariada, o VMCP continuava associado &#224; mortalidade (p=0,034, OR=1,33) ap&#243;s ajuste para idade, reopera&#231;&#227;o, diabetes, insufici&#234;ncia renal e hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por ICC. </p>
    <p>Quanto ao tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o, a an&#225;lise univariada demonstrou que tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o maior que 10 dias estava associado com tabagismo (p=0,03, OR=1,8), presen&#231;a de fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial (p=0,003, OR=2,1) e &#237;ndice VMCP &gt;8 (p=0,01, OR=1,7). Ap&#243;s an&#225;lise multivariada, o &#237;ndice VMCP maior que 8 ainda estava associado a tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o maior que 10 dias (p=0,02, OR=1,3), ap&#243;s ajuste para tabagismo e presen&#231;a de fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial. </p>
    <p>Ao adotarmos um valor de 8 como linha de corte para o escore valvar, obtivemos 84% de especificidade, com valor preditivo negativo de 81% para per&#237;odo de interna&#231;&#227;o mais prolongado que 10 dias. Os pacientes com escore valvar maior do que 8 associaram-se a maior mortalidade cir&#250;rgica imediata (p=0,006).</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Refer&#234;ncias</bold>
    </p>
    <p> 1. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association. Guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease. Circulation 1998;98:1949-84 </p>
    <p>2. Edwards FH, Peterson ED, Coombs LP et al. Prediction of operative mortality after valve replacement surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 37:691-974.</p>
    <p>
      <fn id="end" fn-type="corresp">
        <label>
          <bold>Endere&#231;o para correspond&#234;ncia</bold>
        </label>
        <p> Dr. Max Grinberg </p>
        <p> Av. Dr. En&#233;as de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 </p>
        <p> Cep 05403-000 - S&#227;o Paulo - SP </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p><email xlink:href="max@cardiol.br">max@cardiol.br</email> e </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="grinberg@incor.usp.br">grinberg@incor.usp.br</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p>Recebido em 28/11/2004 </p>
    <p> Aceito em 12/01/2005 </p>
  </body>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Valvular index and valvular score: a new approach for the follow-up of the natural history of valvular heart disease</article-title>
      </title-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>EDITORIAL</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Valvular index and valvular score. A new approach for the follow-up of the natural history of valvular heart disease</p>
      <p>Max Grinberg; Guilherme Sobreira Spina</p>
      <p>S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</p>
      <p>Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da FMUSP </p>
      <p>
        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end-body2">Correspondence</xref>
      </p>
      <p> Data from the history, physical examination, and laboratory examination qualify and quantify the pathologic <italic>continuum </italic>triggered by valvular lesion. Following up a patient with valvular heart disease, who usually has a long history, is building a <italic>pari-passu </italic>of comparisons. Three types of observations are used in our every day practice: 1) to observe cardiovascular adaptation, including prevention of the valvular pathogenic factors (rheumatic fever or infective endocarditis); 2) interventions in events that modify the natural history (recurrent attack of rheumatic fever, infective endocarditis, pregnancy); 3) replacement of the natural history by a postoperative history. </p>
      <p>Each moment of the valvular assessment is a link between the past steps and predictions of the following pattern. There is the time when the physical manifestation is just a "murmur," and an observation period of the natural history is recommended; there is the time when severe valvular lesion is present and the patient remains with a good quality of life; there is the time when the patient is considered "sick indeed" because of the onset of symptoms; there is the time that goes beyond the natural history and the cardiologist is expected to recommend intervention on the anatomy of the heart disease <sup>1,2</sup>. </p>
      <p>From the practical point of view, to follow up a patient with valvular heart disease is to accumulate answers about 4 factors, each one symbolized by a letter: 1) how severe is the lesion (V); 2) what is the effect on myocardial function (M); 3) what is the level of the coronary artery obstruction (C) 4) what is the effect on the level of pulmonary artery pressure (P). </p>
      <p>We understand that gathering 4 answers under the acronym VMCP helps in characterizing the clinical moment and communication between appointments, and we are proposing a 4 x 4 classification, including the 4 variables, each of them with 4 categories. VMCP represents the <italic>valvular index</italic> (ex, V<sub>3</sub>M<sub>2</sub>C<sub>1</sub>P<sub>2</sub> ) and gives grounds to the <italic>valvular score</italic> (3+ 2 + 1 + 2 = 8 in the case mentioned) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="cht-body2">chart 1</xref>). </p>
      <fig id="cht-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-84-02-0101-00001-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>Our intention is to define the subdivision in categories based on the reference points usually used. Thus, the passage from V2 to V3 includes the case in class I of surgical recommendation according to the guidelines<sup>1</sup>. The identification of the case as M3 or M4 implies an influence on the surgical prognosis. </p>
      <p>VMCP score was applied in 608 patients with valvular heart disease undergoing surgical treatment between January/2002 to March/2003 at our institution. The mean age was 48.9&#177;17 years, 55.3% were female, and 58.7% had a rheumatic cause. </p>
      <p>The group with VMCP &gt;8 had a longer hospital stay than did the group with scores lower than or equal to this value (26.6&#177;23.1 vs. 20.9&#177; 18.7 days, P=0.006) and greater hospitalization at postoperative ICU (8.8&#177;19.4 vs. 5.25&#177;8.97 days, P=0.029). </p>
      <p>Univariate analysis for mortality demonstrated as important: age (P=0.005, <italic>odds ratio </italic>(OR) =1.03), diabetes (P=0.001, OR=1.7), history of renal failure (P=0.0001, OR=9.1), previous hospitalization due to heart failure (HF) (P=0.001, OR=8.9), reoperation (P=0.0009, OR=3.22) and VMCP score &gt; 8 (P=0.001, OR=3.0). After multivariate analysis, VMCP remained associated with mortality (P=0.034, OR=1.33) after the adjustment for age, reoperation, DM, renal failure, and hospitalization due to HF. </p>
      <p>Regarding hospitalization, the univariate analysis demonstrated that, when longer than 10 days, it was associated with smoking (P=0.03, OR=1.8), presence of atrial fibrillation (P=0.003, OR=2.1), and VMCP index &gt; 8 (P=0.01, OR=1.7). After multivariate analysis, VMCP index higher than 8 was still associated with hospitalization longer than 10 days (P=0.02, OR=1.3) after adjusting for smoking and the presence of atrial fibrillation. </p>
      <p>When we adopted the value of 8 as a cutpoint for the valvular score, we obtained 84% specificity, with an 81% negative predictive value for hospitalization longer than 10 days. Patients with a valvular score greater than 8 were associated with greater immediate surgical mortality (P=0.006).</p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
      <p> 1. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association. Guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease. Circulation 1998;98:1949-84 </p>
      <p>2. Edwards FH, Peterson ED, Coombs LP et al. Prediction of operative mortality after valve replacement surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 37:691-974.</p>
      <p>
        <fn id="end-body2" fn-type="corresp">
          <label>
            <bold>Correspondence to</bold>
          </label>
          <p> Max Grinberg</p>
          <p> Av. Dr. En&#233;as de Carvalho Aguiar, 44</p>
          <p> Cep 05403-000 - S&#227;o Paulo - SP</p>
          <p> E-mail: </p>
          <p><email xlink:href="max@cardiol.br">max@cardiol.br</email> e </p>
          <p>
            <email xlink:href="grinberg@incor.usp.br">grinberg@incor.usp.br</email>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </p>
      <p>Received for publication: 11/28/2004</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
