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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">5GVrfM4qPXGTLz7YtrfxRXf</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00011</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2005000100011</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(05)08400111</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2005000100011</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relato de Casos</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Transplante card&#237;aco em portadora de endomiocardiofibrose</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Freitas</surname>
            <given-names>Humberto F.G. de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Castro</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Paulo Neves de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Chizzola</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo Roberto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bocchi</surname>
            <given-names>Edimar Alcides</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="state">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">FM </institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">HC</institution>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2005</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>84</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>49</fpage>
      <lpage>50</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>26</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2004</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2003</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>A endomiocardiofibrose &#233; uma doen&#231;a comum em pa&#237;ses tropicais, particularmente Uganda e Nig&#233;ria, e pode acometer tanto o ventr&#237;culo esquerdo como direito, gerando uma insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca restritiva que, al&#233;m dos sintomas cl&#225;ssicos, manifesta-se por ascite desproporcional ao edema perif&#233;rico. Apresentamos o caso de uma portadora de endomiocardiofibrose refrat&#225;ria ao tratamento cl&#237;nico, submetida ao tratamento cir&#250;rgico com melhora cl&#237;nica por curto per&#237;odo, voltando a apresentar sintomas incapacitantes tr&#234;s meses ap&#243;s a cirurgia de ressec&#231;&#227;o de fibrose endomioc&#225;rdica e plastia tric&#250;spide. A paciente foi ent&#227;o submetida a transplante card&#237;aco ortot&#243;pico bicaval, com boa evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica. &#201; o primeiro caso de transplante card&#237;aco nesta doen&#231;a, mostrando-se uma alternativa de tratamento promissora.</p>
      </abstract>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>14</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2005</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>RELATO DE CASO</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Transplante card&#237;aco em portadora de endomiocardiofibrose</p>
    <p>Humberto F.G. de Freitas; Pedro Paulo Neves de Castro; Paulo Roberto Chizzola; Edimar Alcides Bocchi </p>
    <p> S&#227;o Paulo, SP</p>
    <p>Unidade de Transplante Card&#237;aco e Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca &#151; Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o &#151; InCor &#151; HC &#151; FMUSP</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="back10">Endere&#231;o para correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>RESUMO</bold>
    </p>
    <p>A endomiocardiofibrose &#233; uma doen&#231;a comum em pa&#237;ses tropicais, particularmente Uganda e Nig&#233;ria, e pode acometer tanto o ventr&#237;culo esquerdo como direito, gerando uma insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca restritiva que, al&#233;m dos sintomas cl&#225;ssicos, manifesta-se por ascite desproporcional ao edema perif&#233;rico. Apresentamos o caso de uma portadora de endomiocardiofibrose refrat&#225;ria ao tratamento cl&#237;nico, submetida ao tratamento cir&#250;rgico com melhora cl&#237;nica por curto per&#237;odo, voltando a apresentar sintomas incapacitantes tr&#234;s meses ap&#243;s a cirurgia de ressec&#231;&#227;o de fibrose endomioc&#225;rdica e plastia tric&#250;spide. A paciente foi ent&#227;o submetida a transplante card&#237;aco ortot&#243;pico bicaval, com boa evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica. &#201; o primeiro caso de transplante card&#237;aco nesta doen&#231;a, mostrando-se uma alternativa de tratamento promissora. </p>
    <p>A endomiocardiofibrose &#233; uma forma de cardiopatia comum em pa&#237;ses tropicais como Uganda<sup>1</sup> e Nig&#233;ria<sup>2</sup>, podendo ser encontrada com menor incid&#234;ncia em regi&#245;es subtropicais e tropicais como Brasil, &#205;ndia, Col&#244;mbia e Siri Lanka. &#201; mais comum na popula&#231;&#227;o de baixo n&#237;vel s&#243;cio-econ&#244;mico. Pode acometer isoladamente o ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (40% dos casos), o ventr&#237;culo direito (10%), ou ambos (50%)<sup>3</sup>, predominando nas duas &#250;ltimas situa&#231;&#245;es manifesta&#231;&#245;es de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca direita. Os pacientes apresentam-se clinicamente com ascite volumosa, com pouco ou nenhum edema perif&#233;rico, mesmo naqueles em que h&#225; predom&#237;nio de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca esquerda. Nos pacientes com ascite volumosa geralmente &#233; de dif&#237;cil controle cl&#237;nico e pouco responsiva ao uso de diur&#233;ticos<sup>4</sup>. Alguns autores sugerem que haja um componente inflamat&#243;rio para forma&#231;&#227;o da ascite<sup>5</sup>. Cerca de 60% dos pacientes apresentam-se com eosinofilia<sup>6</sup> no sangue perif&#233;rico, que pode estar associada a infesta&#231;&#227;o parasit&#225;ria em grande parte dos doentes.</p>
    <p>O tratamento cl&#237;nico &#233; sintom&#225;tico e pouco satisfat&#243;rio<sup>7</sup>. Quando a doen&#231;a atinge est&#225;gio mais avan&#231;ado, a cirurgia promove melhora sintom&#225;tica, sendo o tratamento de escolha<sup>3</sup>; os melhores resultados cir&#250;rgicos s&#227;o obtidos quando predominam as manifesta&#231;&#245;es de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca esquerda.<sup>2,8,9</sup> Com a doen&#231;a avan&#231;ada o progn&#243;stico &#233; reservado, e a mortalidade de 35 a 50% em dois anos<sup>10</sup>. Nesses casos o transplante card&#237;aco pode ser uma op&#231;&#227;o terap&#234;utica, embora pouco utilizado, com apenas um relato de caso na literatura de transplante heterot&#243;pico.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Relato de Caso</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Mulher de 50 anos, branca, do lar, natural de S&#227;o Sebasti&#227;o - AL, encaminhada ao Incor em 1996, com queixa de aumento de volume abdominal associado a edema de membros inferiores, com tr&#234;s anos de evolu&#231;&#227;o. Relatava dispn&#233;ia associada a volumosa ascite, que melhorava com pun&#231;&#245;es de al&#237;vio, realizadas a cada 20 ou 30 dias, mesmo com uso de diur&#233;ticos. Realizou investiga&#231;&#227;o para hepatopatia no setor de Gastroenterologia do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas, e exclu&#237;das etiologias virais, alc&#243;olica e esquistossom&#243;tica, sendo encaminhada ao InCor com hip&#243;tese diagn&#243;stica de hepatopatia cr&#244;nica, secund&#225;ria &#224; insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca direita. Ao exame f&#237;sico de admiss&#227;o, notava-se turg&#234;ncia jugular importante, ritmo card&#237;aco irregular com press&#227;o arterial 140 x 80 mmHg, freq&#252;&#234;ncia card&#237;aca de 80 bpm. A ausculta pulmonar era normal. Apresentava ascite volumosa com importante edema de membros inferiores. O eletrocardiograma evidenciava fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial e bloqueio de ramo direito e os exames laboratoriais, normais.</p>
    <p>A ecocardiografia evidenciava di&#226;metro diast&#243;lico do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo de 4,5cm, di&#226;metro diast&#243;lico do ventr&#237;culo direito de 3,8cm, dilatado e hipocin&#233;tico e a fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo de 73%. O &#225;trio direito era aumentado. O peric&#225;rdio apresentava-se espessado com discreto derrame. As valvas atrioventriculares apresentavam enchimento do tipo protodiast&#243;lico com onda E maior que A. Feita hip&#243;tese diagn&#243;stica cl&#237;nica de miocardiopatia restritiva de grau importante com predom&#237;nio direito e insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide importante.</p>
    <p>A paciente foi submetida a cateterismo card&#237;aco, que evidenciou circula&#231;&#227;o coronariana sem les&#245;es obstrutivas, o ventr&#237;culo esquerdo era normal e o ventr&#237;culo direito apresentava perda do relevo intracavit&#225;rio e amputa&#231;&#227;o da regi&#227;o trabecular, sugerindo o diagn&#243;stico de endomiocardiofibrose de ventr&#237;culo direito.</p>
    <p>Como paciente mantinha-se muito sintom&#225;tica, com ascite refrat&#225;ria, necessitando de pun&#231;&#245;es de al&#237;vio a cada 15 dias, foi optado por tratamento cir&#250;rgico, e realizada ressec&#231;&#227;o de endomiocardiofibrose de ventr&#237;culo direito associada a plastia "De Vega" em valva tric&#250;spide.</p>
    <p>O exame anatomopatol&#243;gico da pe&#231;a cir&#250;rgica confirmou a impress&#227;o cl&#237;nica e cir&#250;rgica, revelando "densa fibrose do endoc&#225;rdio, com faixa contendo vasos neoformados e com &#225;reas de calcifica&#231;&#227;o, aspecto compat&#237;vel com endomiocardiofibrose".</p>
    <p>A paciente evoluiu bem no p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio imediato, mas tr&#234;s meses ap&#243;s o procedimento voltou a apresentar ascite importante, sendo atendida no pronto socorro em 09/08/97 com h&#233;rnia abdominal exteriorizada, com grande fluxo de l&#237;quido asc&#237;tico. Manteve-se refrat&#225;ria ao tratamento cl&#237;nico, com ascite, hepatomegalia congestiva e cansa&#231;o aos pequenos esfor&#231;os, sendo encaminhada para avalia&#231;&#227;o pela equipe de transplante card&#237;aco.</p>
    <p>O ecocardiograma na ocasi&#227;o evidenciou fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo 69%, &#225;trio esquerdo de 48mm e insufici&#234;ncia mitral moderada. O ventr&#237;culo direito apresentava imagens hiperecog&#234;nicas, sugerindo preenchimento por fibrose e insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide importante ao Doppler. Na ventriculografia radioisot&#243;pica a fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo era normal (55%) e a fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo direito deprimida de grau moderado (36%). O teste ergoespirom&#233;trico apresentava consumo m&#225;ximo de oxig&#234;nio (VO<sub>2</sub>) de 9,4 ml/Kg/min. Novo cateterismo card&#237;aco mostrou circula&#231;&#227;o coronariana isenta de les&#245;es obstrutivas, insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide acentuada e insufici&#234;ncia mitral discreta. Ventr&#237;culo direito com perda do relevo intracavit&#225;rio e amputa&#231;&#227;o da regi&#227;o trabecular; ventr&#237;culo esquerdo com imagem sugestiva de trave fibr&#243;tica em &#225;pice e derrame peric&#225;rdico. O d&#233;bito card&#237;aco era de 3,8 l/min, resist&#234;ncia vascular sist&#234;mica de 1368 dyna/seg/cm<sup>-5</sup>, resist&#234;ncia vascular pulmonar de 224 dyna/seg/cm<sup>-5</sup> e o &#237;ndice card&#237;aco de 2,4 l/min/m<sup>2</sup>.</p>
    <p>O hepatograma laboratorial foi normal e a ultra-sonografia abdominal evidenciou sinais de hepatomegalia congestiva. Feita a indica&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica de transplante card&#237;aco.</p>
    <p>A paciente foi submetida no dia 15/05/2000 a transplante card&#237;aco ortot&#243;pico bicaval, apresentando como intercorr&#234;ncias sangramento e pneumonia no p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio, por&#233;m evoluiu satisfatoriamente, tendo sido tratada com esquema composto de ciclofosfamida, azatioprina e prednisona para profilaxia de rejei&#231;&#227;o. A primeira bi&#243;psia endomioc&#225;rdica (23/05) evidenciou grau zero e a segunda (12/06) grau 3A, sendo a paciente tratada com pulso de prednisolona por tr&#234;s dias consecutivos.</p>
    <p>Atualmente a paciente encontra-se com evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica satisfat&#243;ria, tendo ocorrido regress&#227;o completa da sintomatologia e da ascite.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Discuss&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>A endomiocardiofibrose &#233; doen&#231;a pouco freq&#252;ente em nosso meio, proposto tratamento cl&#237;nico em pacientes menos sintom&#225;tico e, o cir&#250;rgico, para est&#225;gios mais avan&#231;ados (classe III e IV NYHA)<sup>9</sup>. Os resultados s&#227;o pouco animadores, principalmente nos pacientes com doen&#231;a avan&#231;ada e acometimento predominante de ventr&#237;culo direito, como no presente caso.</p>
    <p>Os resultados cir&#250;rgicos observados na literatura apresentam mortalidade precoce ap&#243;s a cirurgia variando de 4,6% a 18%<sup>11,12</sup> e mortalidade tardia de 18%<sup>11</sup>. As causas da manuten&#231;&#227;o da sintomatologia cl&#237;nica, ap&#243;s a cirurgia para ressec&#231;&#227;o da fibrose endomioc&#225;rdica, na nossa paciente, podem ser atribu&#237;das &#224;s caracter&#237;sticas progressivas da doen&#231;a, com continua&#231;&#227;o da infiltra&#231;&#227;o fibr&#243;tica no mioc&#225;rdio e o aparecimento de insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide ap&#243;s a cirurgia.</p>
    <p>A experi&#234;ncia brasileira com 798 pacientes encaminhados para transplantes card&#237;acos, cita 407 pacientes com miocardiopatia dilatada idiop&#225;tica, 196 com cardiopatia isqu&#234;mica, 117 com doen&#231;a de Chagas, 29 com cardiopatia valvar, 14 com cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas, 12 com cardiopatia periparto, 7 com cardiopatia hipertr&#243;fica, 5 com cardiopatia restritiva, 4 com cardiopatia alco&#243;lica, 1 pacientes com cardiopatia por abuso de drogas e retransplante em 6<sup>13</sup>. N&#227;o h&#225; relato de pacientes portadores de endomiocardiofibrose.</p>
    <p>Na apresenta&#231;&#227;o do caso ficou evidente a necessidade de avalia&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica cuidadosa da fun&#231;&#227;o hep&#225;tica nos portadores de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca direita, devido &#224; hepatopatia congestiva secund&#225;ria &#224; doen&#231;a card&#237;aca, o que pode limitar a sobrevida do receptor e elevar sobremaneira o risco cir&#250;rgico. Pode-se, nestes casos, indicar-se transplante simult&#226;neo de cora&#231;&#227;o e f&#237;gado, o que n&#227;o &#233; feito rotineiramente em nosso meio.</p>
    <p>A paciente apresentou melhora cl&#237;nica significativa ap&#243;s o transplante, mas at&#233; o momento ainda necessita de diur&#233;ticos para controle do volume abdominal.</p>
    <p>Conclu&#237;mos, que o transplante card&#237;aco pode ser uma alternativa para o tratamento dos portadores de endomiocardiofibrose em est&#225;gio avan&#231;ado.</p>
    <p>
      <fn id="back10" fn-type="corresp">
        <label>
          <bold>Endere&#231;o para correspond&#234;ncia</bold>
        </label>
        <p> Humberto F.G. de Freitas </p>
        <p> InCor - Av. Dr. En&#233;as de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 </p>
        <p> Cep 05403000 &#151; S&#227;o Paulo &#151; SP </p>
        <p> e-mail: </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="dclfreitas@incor.usp.br">dclfreitas@incor.usp.br</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p>Recebido para Publica&#231;&#227;o em: 10/10/2003 </p>
    <p> Aceito em: 26/01/2004</p>
  </body>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Reports</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Heart transplantation in a patient with endomyocardial fibrosis</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Endomyocardial fibrosis is a common disease in tropical countries, particularly Uganda and Nigeria. It may affect the right and left ventricles, creating restrictive heart failure, which, in addition to the classical symptoms, manifests as ascites disproportional to peripheral edema. We report the case of a female patient with endomyocardial fibrosis refractory to clinical treatment, who underwent surgical treatment with clinical improvement for a short period. Three months after the surgery for resection of the endomyocardial fibrosis and tricuspid valvuloplasty, the disabling symptoms reappeared. Then the patient underwent bicaval orthotopic heart transplantation, which had a good clinical outcome. This was the first case of heart transplantation for the treatment of endomyocardial fibrosis, which proved to be a promising alternative.</p>
      </abstract>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>CASE REPORT</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Heart transplantation in a patient with endomyocardial fibrosis</p>
      <p>Humberto F.G. de Freitas; Pedro Paulo Neves de Castro; Paulo Roberto Chizzola; Edimar Alcides Bocchi</p>
      <p> S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil</p>
      <p>Unidade de Transplante Card&#237;aco e Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca &#151; Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o &#151; InCor &#151; HC/FMUSP</p>
      <p>
        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="back10-body2">Correspondence</xref>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>ABSTRACT</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Endomyocardial fibrosis is a common disease in tropical countries, particularly Uganda and Nigeria. It may affect the right and left ventricles, creating restrictive heart failure, which, in addition to the classical symptoms, manifests as ascites disproportional to peripheral edema. We report the case of a female patient with endomyocardial fibrosis refractory to clinical treatment, who underwent surgical treatment with clinical improvement for a short period. Three months after the surgery for resection of the endomyocardial fibrosis and tricuspid valvuloplasty, the disabling symptoms reappeared. Then the patient underwent bicaval orthotopic heart transplantation, which had a good clinical outcome. This was the first case of heart transplantation for the treatment of endomyocardial fibrosis, which proved to be a promising alternative.</p>
      <p>Endomyocardial fibrosis is a common form of heart disease in tropical countries, such as Uganda <sup>1</sup> and Nigeria <sup>2</sup>, and a lower incidence of it may be found in subtropical and tropical regions, such as Brazil, India, Colombia, and Sri Lanka. It is more common in the underprivileged population. It may affect the left ventricle alone (40% of cases), the right ventricle alone (10%), or both (50%) <sup>3</sup>. In the 2 latter situations, manifestations of right heart failure predominate. Clinically, the patients have huge ascites, little or no peripheral edema, even when left heart failure predominates. Patients with huge ascites are usually hard to clinically control and only slightly responsive to diuretics <sup>4</sup>. Some authors have suggested the existence of an inflammatory component in the formation of ascites <sup>5</sup>. Approximately 60% of the patients have eosinophilia <sup>6</sup> in the peripheral blood, which may be related to parasitic infestation.</p>
      <p>The clinical treatment is symptomatic and offers little satisfaction <sup>7</sup>. When the disease reaches a more advanced stage, surgery provides symptomatic improvement, being then, the treatment of choice <sup>3</sup>. The best surgical results are obtained when the manifestations of left heart failure predominate <sup>2,8,9</sup>. The advanced disease has a poor prognosis, with a 2-year mortality rate ranging from 35 to 50% <sup>10</sup>. In those cases, heart transplantation may be a therapeutic option, although little used, with only one report of heterotopic transplantation reported in the literature.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Case Report</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The patient is a 50-year-old white female, housewife, born in the town of S&#227;o Sebasti&#227;o, in the state of Alagoas, who was referred to InCor in 1996, complaining of enlargement of the abdominal volume associated with lower limb edema for 3 years. The patient reported dyspnea associated with huge ascites, which improved with relief punctures performed every 20-30 days, even though she was using diuretics. The patient underwent investigation for hepatopathy in the gastroenterology unit of the Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas. Once the viral, alcoholic and schistosomal etiologies were excluded, the patient was referred to InCor with the diagnostic hypothesis of chronic hepatopathy secondary to right heart failure. On admission, the physical examination showed significant jugular venous distension, irregular cardiac rhythm with a blood pressure of 140/80 mmHg, and heart rate of 80 bpm. Her pulmonary auscultation was normal. The patient had voluminous ascites with significant lower limb edema. The electrocardiogram showed atrial fibrillation and right bundle-branch block. The laboratory tests were normal.</p>
      <p>The echocardiogram showed a dilated and hypokinetic right ventricle, with a diastolic diameter of 3.8 cm, and left ventricular diastolic diameter and ejection fraction of 4.5 cm and 73%, respectively. The right atrium was enlarged. The pericardium was thickened with a mild effusion. The atrioventricular valvular filling was of the protodiastolic type with the E wave greater than the A wave. The clinical diagnostic hypothesis of severe restrictive cardiomyopathy with right predominance and significant tricuspid insufficiency was established.</p>
      <p>The patient underwent cardiac catheterization, which showed coronary circulation without obstructive lesions, a normal left ventricle, and loss of the right ventricular intracavitary geography and amputation of the right ventricular trabecular region, suggesting the diagnosis of right ventricular endomyocardial fibrosis.</p>
      <p>As the patient remained symptomatic with refractory ascites, requiring relief punctures every 15 days, surgical treatment was chosen, with resection of the right ventricular endomyocardial fibrosis and DeVega tricuspid valve annuloplasty.</p>
      <p>The anatomicopathological examination of the surgical specimen confirmed the clinical and surgical impression, revealing "dense fibrosis of the endocardium, with a band containing neoformed vessels and calcified areas, an aspect compatible with endomyocardial fibrosis".</p>
      <p>The patient evolved uneventfully in the immediate postoperative period, but, 3 months after the procedure, the huge ascites resumed. On August '97, the patient sought the emergency unit with an exteriorized abdominal hernia and a great flow of ascitic fluid. The patient remained refractory to clinical treatment, with ascites, congestive hepatomegaly and fatigue on minimum exertion, being then referred for heart transplantation assessment.</p>
      <p>On that occasion, the echocardiogram evidenced a left ventricular ejection fraction of 69%, left atrium of 48 mm, and moderate mitral insufficiency. The right ventricle had hyperechogenic images, suggesting filling due to fibrosis and important tricuspid insufficiency on Doppler. On radionuclide ventriculography, the left ventricular ejection fraction was normal (55%), and the right ventricular ejection fraction was moderately depressed (36%). The cardiopulmonary test showed maximum oxygen consumption (VO<sub>2</sub>) of 9.4 mL/kg/min. A new cardiac catheterization showed the following: no obstructive lesions in the coronary circulation; severe tricuspid insufficiency; mild mitral insufficiency; loss of the right ventricular intracavitary geography and amputation of the right ventricular trabecular region; an image suggestive of a fibrotic band in the left ventricular apex; and pericardial effusion. Cardiac output was 3.8 L/min, systemic vascular resistance was 1368 dyna/seg/cm<sup>-5</sup>, pulmonary vascular resistance was 224 dyna/seg/cm<sup>-5</sup>, and the cardiac index was 2.4 L/min/m<sup>2</sup>.</p>
      <p>The liver tests were normal and the abdominal ultrasonography evidenced signs of congestive hepatomegaly. Heart transplantation was indicated.</p>
      <p>On May 15, 2000, the patient underwent bicaval orthotopic heart transplantation, whose postoperative complications were bleeding and pneumonia. She evolved satisfactorily, and received cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, and prednisone for rejection prophylaxis. The first endomyocardial biopsy (05/23) was zero degree, and the second biopsy (06/12) was 3A degree, and the patient was treated with prednisolone pulse for 3 consecutive days.</p>
      <p>Currently, the patient's evolution is clinically satisfactory, with complete regression of the symptoms and ascites.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Discussion</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Endomyocardial fibrosis is a rare disease in our country. Clinical treatment is indicated for less symptomatic patients, and the surgical treatment is indicated for more advanced stages (NYHA functional classes III and IV) <sup>9</sup>. The results are somewhat encouraging, mainly in patients with advanced disease and greater impairment of the right ventricle, such as in our patient.</p>
      <p>The surgical results reported in the literature show an early mortality rate after surgery ranging from 4.6% to 18% <sup>11,12</sup> and a late mortality rate of 18% <sup>11</sup>. The maintenance of clinical symptomatology after surgery for resecting endomyocardial fibrosis in our patient may be attributed to the progressive characteristics of the disease, with continuation of the fibrotic myocardial infiltration and appearance of postoperative tricuspid insufficiency.</p>
      <p>The Brazilian experience with 798 patients referred for heart transplantations comprises 407 patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, 196 with ischemic heart disease, 117 with Chagas' disease, 29 with heart valvular disease, 14 with congenital heart diseases, 12 with peripartum heart disease, 7 with hypertrophic heart disease, 5 with restrictive heart disease, 4 with alcoholic heart disease, 1 with heart disease due to drug abuse, and 6 retransplantations <sup>13</sup>. No report on patients with endomyocardial fibrosis exists.</p>
      <p>This case report stresses the need for careful clinical assessment of hepatic function in patients with right heart failure due to congestive hepatopathy secondary to heart disease, which may limit the receptor's survival and greatly increase the surgical risk. In these cases, simultaneous heart-liver transplantation, which is not routinely performed in our country, may be indicated.</p>
      <p>The patient's clinical condition significantly improved after transplantation, but she still requires diuretics to control her abdominal volume.</p>
      <p>In conclusion, heart transplantation may be an alternative for treating patients with endomyocardial fibrosis in advanced stages.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <fn id="back10-body2" fn-type="corresp">
          <label>
            <bold>Correspondece to</bold>
          </label>
          <p> Humberto F.G. de Freitas</p>
          <p> InCor - Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44</p>
          <p> Cep 05403000 &#151; S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</p>
          <p> E-mail: </p>
          <p>
            <email xlink:href="dclfreitas@incor.usp.br">dclfreitas@incor.usp.br</email>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </p>
      <p>Received for publication: 10/10/2003</p>
      <p> Accepted for publication: 01/26/2004</p>
      <p>English version by Stela Maris Costalonga</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
