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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">F69nrpBs5qB9GXzMbWjVNtn</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00010</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2004001800010</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(04)08300610</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2004001800010</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Corre&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica da origem an&#244;mala de art&#233;ria pulmonar direita em aorta ascendente</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Arboleda</surname>
            <given-names>Miguel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Guzman</surname>
            <given-names>Iv&#225;n Ni&#241;o de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ticona</surname>
            <given-names>Eva</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Morales</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriela</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gloria</surname>
            <given-names>Edgard</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Obregon</surname>
            <given-names>Plinio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lora</surname>
            <given-names>Alfredo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ganiku</surname>
            <given-names>Mar&#237;a</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Adrianzen</surname>
            <given-names>Manuel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Falcon</surname>
            <given-names>Liana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Lima</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Nacional del Coraz&#243;n</institution>
        <country country="PE">Peru</country>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2004</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>83</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <fpage>516</fpage>
      <lpage>518</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>21</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2004</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2003</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>A origem an&#244;mala da art&#233;ria pulmonar direita em aorta ascendente &#233; uma malforma&#231;&#227;o cong&#234;nita rara. Descrevemos o caso de uma crian&#231;a submetida &#224; corre&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica com anastomose direta entre a art&#233;ria pulmonar direita e o tronco pulmonar. Ap&#243;s 18 meses a paciente permanece assintom&#225;tica sem apresentar estenose residual significativa na angioresson&#226;ncia.</p>
      </abstract>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>07</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2005</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>RELATO DE CASO</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Corre&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica da origem an&#244;mala de art&#233;ria pulmonar direita em aorta ascendente</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Miguel Arboleda; Iv&#225;n Ni&#241;o de Guzman; Eva Ticona; Gabriela Morales; Edgard Gloria; Plinio Obregon; Alfredo Lora; Mar&#237;a Ganiku; Manuel Adrianzen; Liana Falcon</bold>
    </p>
    <p> Lima - Peru </p>
    <p>Instituto Nacional del Coraz&#243;n &#150; Lima, Peru </p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end">Endere&#231;o para correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>RESUMO</bold>
    </p>
    <p>A origem an&#244;mala da art&#233;ria pulmonar direita em aorta ascendente &#233; uma malforma&#231;&#227;o cong&#234;nita rara. Descrevemos o caso de uma crian&#231;a submetida &#224; corre&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica com anastomose direta entre a art&#233;ria pulmonar direita e o tronco pulmonar. Ap&#243;s 18 meses a paciente permanece assintom&#225;tica sem apresentar estenose residual significativa na angioresson&#226;ncia. </p>
    <p>A origem a&#243;rtica da art&#233;ria pulmonar esquerda ou direita &#233; uma anomalia card&#237;aca rara com incid&#234;ncia inferior a 1% entre todas as malforma&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas cong&#234;nitas. </p>
    <p>Esta cardiopatia consiste na origem anormal de uma das art&#233;rias pulmonares diretamente da aorta, na por&#231;&#227;o ascendente ou no arco a&#243;rtico transverso. </p>
    <p>Em 70-80% dos casos, &#233; a art&#233;ria pulmonar direita (APD) que deriva diretamente da aorta ascendente, e em 75% dos casos essa cardiopatia &#233; associada com PCA. </p>
    <p>O quadro cl&#237;nico &#233; caracterizado por aumento do fluxo sangu&#237;neo pulmonar, insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva e cianose quando a press&#227;o pulmonar e a resist&#234;ncia vascular estiverem muito elevadas. </p>
    <p>O diagn&#243;stico deve ser feito atrav&#233;s da ecocardiografia. A exclus&#227;o de um pulm&#227;o da angiografia pulmonar atrav&#233;s de pun&#231;&#227;o de veia perif&#233;rica &#233; um indicador importante desse diagn&#243;stico. Por&#233;m, a angiografia oferece informa&#231;&#245;es adicionais importantes<sup>1</sup>. </p>
    <p>A corre&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica &#233; inquestion&#225;vel e urgente e deve ser conduzida logo ap&#243;s o diagn&#243;stico porque sem ela as taxas de mortalidade chegam a 70% antes dos 6 meses de idade<sup>2</sup>. </p>
    <p>Relatamos o caso de um lactente do sexo feminino com esta anomalia, evidenciada pelas imagens da ecocardiografia e da angiografia pr&#233;vias &#224; corre&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica, bem como as atuais obtidas pela resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica (RM) nove meses ap&#243;s a cirurgia. </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Relato de Caso</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Paciente de 6 meses de idade, do sexo feminino com hist&#243;rico de pneumonia, com diagn&#243;stico de PCA &#224; ecocardiografia e disfun&#231;&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica importante. Aos 5 meses de idade foi submetida &#224; cirurgia para fechar a PCA, ainda apresentando congest&#227;o pulmonar, hipertens&#227;o pulmonar grave, epis&#243;dios de cianose e infec&#231;&#227;o respirat&#243;ria intra-hospitalar. O estudo da angiografia demonstrou exclus&#227;o perfusional do pulm&#227;o direito, apesar de radiografia de t&#243;rax demonstrar um aumento acentuado da vasculatura pulmonar e sinais de hipertens&#227;o pulmonar. Uma nova ecocardiografia detectou a origem an&#244;mala da art&#233;ria pulmonar direita (OAAPD), aus&#234;ncia de PCA residual e hipertens&#227;o pulmonar grave. Subseq&#252;entemente, a paciente foi submetida a cateterismo card&#237;aco que confirmou OAAPD em aorta ascendente e hipertens&#227;o pulmonar de ambos os pulm&#245;es, sist&#234;mica no lado esquerdo. </p>
    <p>Aos 6 meses de idade e pesando 5.150 gramas, a corre&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica foi realizada com ajuda da circula&#231;&#227;o extracorp&#243;rea com cardioplegia e hipotermia de 28&#186;C. A art&#233;ria pulmonar direita originava-se da parede posterior esquerda da aorta ascendente, distante o suficiente do plano da v&#225;lvula a&#243;rtica e da origem do tronco braquiocef&#225;lico. </p>
    <p>O canal arterial previamente ligado foi removido da aorta e art&#233;ria pulmonar principal. Ambas art&#233;rias pulmonares foram amplamente dissecadas para obter mobiliza&#231;&#227;o m&#225;xima. Com o cora&#231;&#227;o parado, a art&#233;ria pulmonar direita foi desconectada da aorta, corrigindo a abertura com uma sutura de polipropileno cont&#237;nua. Uma incis&#227;o longitudinal foi feita na parede lateral do tronco pulmonar onde a art&#233;ria pulmonar direita foi anastomosada de maneira t&#233;rmino &#150; lateral atr&#225;s da aorta e sem o uso de material prot&#233;tico. </p>
    <p>Ao final da cirurgia a press&#227;o na art&#233;ria pulmonar principal foi aproximadamente 50% da press&#227;o sist&#234;mica. A paciente foi liberada da ventila&#231;&#227;o assistida ap&#243;s 24h, evoluindo satisfatoriamente, recebendo alta 7 dias ap&#243;s a cirurgia. Dezoito meses ap&#243;s a cirurgia, a paciente se encontra assintom&#225;tica sem medica&#231;&#227;o e em boa condi&#231;&#227;o geral. </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Discuss&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>A origem a&#243;rtica da art&#233;ria pulmonar &#233; uma anomalia rara, representando menos de 1% do total de cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas. Apesar de uma das duas art&#233;rias pulmonares poder se originar diretamente da aorta, da por&#231;&#227;o ascendente ou da por&#231;&#227;o do arco transverso, em quase 80% dos casos &#233; a art&#233;ria pulmonar direita que se origina em aorta ascendente e cerca de 75% dos casos, a PCA est&#225; presente<sup>1,2</sup>. Entretanto, outras anomalias card&#237;acas podem coexistir, entre as quais a tetralogia de Fallot &#233; a mais freq&#252;ente<sup>3,4</sup>. </p>
    <p>Geralmente, o quadro cl&#237;nico &#233; dominado por vasculatura pulmonar acentuada e hipertens&#227;o pulmonar grave levando a insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva e cianose desencadeada pelo choro, infec&#231;&#245;es respirat&#243;rias recorrentes que freq&#252;entemente agravam o estado cl&#237;nico. </p>
    <p> A baixa incid&#234;ncia dessa anomalia pode levar a confus&#227;o com outras condi&#231;&#245;es mais freq&#252;entes com quadros cl&#237;nicos muito semelhantes. O caso descrito, o primeiro relatado em nosso pa&#237;s, n&#227;o foi inicialmente detectado ao exame cl&#237;nico e ao primeiro exame ecocardiogr&#225;fico. </p>
    <p>Alguns sinais cl&#237;nicos e dados de exames complementares s&#227;o sugestivos e ainda que n&#227;o espec&#237;ficos, s&#227;o muito freq&#252;entes nesta anomalia. A presen&#231;a de cianose a algum tipo de esfor&#231;o pode ser explicada por um shunt direita para esquerda atrav&#233;s da PCA ou pela persist&#234;ncia do for&#226;men oval, na presen&#231;a de alta resist&#234;ncia pulmonar. </p>
    <p>A inje&#231;&#227;o de is&#243;topos radioativos atrav&#233;s das veias perif&#233;ricas demonstra exclus&#227;o da perfus&#227;o do pulm&#227;o direito quando a art&#233;ria pulmonar direita se origina da aorta ascendente. Este achado pode nos levar a interpreta&#231;&#245;es err&#244;neas como trombose ou ligadura acidental da APD no caso de um procedimento cir&#250;rgico ocorrido previamente. </p>
    <p>A ecocardiografia &#233; geralmente suficiente para um diagn&#243;stico confi&#225;vel<sup>5</sup>. As imagens obtidas dos eixos paraesternal e a imagem apical de 4 c&#226;maras permitem um diagn&#243;stico preciso (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig01">fig.1</xref>). </p>
    <fig id="fig01">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-83-06-0516-00010-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>Entretanto, o cateterismo card&#237;aco pode fornecer detalhes anat&#244;micos e press&#243;ricos importantes (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig02">fig. 2</xref>). &#201; importante ressaltar a press&#227;o pulmonar elevada alcan&#231;ando n&#237;veis sist&#234;micos no pulm&#227;o normalmente perfundido, neste caso o esquerdo, por receber todos os retornos venosos sist&#234;micos. O cateterismo deve ser feito em caso de d&#250;vida no diagn&#243;stico. </p>
    <fig id="fig02">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-83-06-0516-00010-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>A angioresson&#226;ncia &#233; uma boa alternativa diagn&#243;stica por ser menos invasiva e apresentar &#243;timos resultados<sup>6</sup>. </p>
    <p>Apesar de as primeiras refer&#234;ncias a esta doen&#231;a serem do s&#233;culo XIX, na refer&#234;ncia hist&#243;rica de Fraentzel de 1868, a maior parte das publica&#231;&#245;es relatam um n&#250;mero pequeno de casos, sendo aquela publicada por Abu-Sulaiman e cols. uma das s&#233;ries mais longas, com 14 pacientes operados em um per&#237;odo de 36 anos<sup>7</sup>. </p>
    <p>Devido &#224; gravidade desta anomalia, a corre&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica deve ser feita o mais cedo poss&#237;vel; entretanto h&#225; relatos de interven&#231;&#245;es bem sucedidas at&#233; mesmo em pacientes adolescentes<sup>8</sup>. Embora a corre&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica possa ser quase sempre fact&#237;vel, a bandagem da art&#233;ria pulmonar an&#244;mala e a ligadura da PCA foram descritas como alternativa paliativa em casos especiais, como em prematuros de peso muito baixo<sup>9</sup>. </p>
    <p>Diversas estrat&#233;gias cir&#250;rgicas foram propostas, como a hipotermia profunda e a parada circulat&#243;ria total<sup>2</sup>, o uso de enxertos vasculares e a coloca&#231;&#227;o da APD em frente da aorta. </p>
    <p>No caso apresentado foram utilizadas a circula&#231;&#227;o extracorp&#243;rea e cardioplegia sangu&#237;nea hipot&#233;rmica intermitente a 28&#186;C. Como na maioria das publica&#231;&#245;es, foi poss&#237;vel restabelecer a conex&#227;o entre a APD e o tronco pulmonar atr&#225;s da aorta sem o uso de enxertos e pela anastomose direta de ambas as estruturas. Da mesma forma, a parede posterior foi diretamente corrigida com sutura cont&#237;nua. </p>
    <p>A mortalidade hospitalar dos pacientes operados na s&#233;rie mais grave variou entre 21 e 25%<sup>7,10</sup>. N&#227;o h&#225; relatos de morte p&#243;s-operat&#243;ria tardia. Esse fato sugere que a sobrevida ap&#243;s a corre&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica &#233; satisfat&#243;ria. Nosso paciente teve evolu&#231;&#227;o p&#243;s-operat&#243;ria satisfat&#243;ria com redu&#231;&#227;o r&#225;pida e significativa da press&#227;o pulmonar, recebendo alta 7 dias ap&#243;s a cirurgia. </p>
    <p>Dezoito meses ap&#243;s a cirurgia, o paciente encontra-se assintom&#225;tico e em excelente condi&#231;&#227;o geral. A ecocardiografia de controle demonstra tamanho normal das cavidades card&#237;acas e um gradiente de press&#227;o de 12 mmHg entre as art&#233;rias pulmonar principal e direita. A resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica demonstrou fluxo sangu&#237;neo normal em dire&#231;&#227;o aos dois pulm&#245;es e a aus&#234;ncia de estenose da art&#233;ria pulmonar principal e seus ramos. </p>
    <p>Entretanto, um acompanhamento a longo prazo &#233; necess&#225;rio porque a les&#227;o residual mais freq&#252;ente &#233; a estenose do ramo pulmonar ao n&#237;vel da anastomose. Tais condi&#231;&#245;es demandam algum tipo de interven&#231;&#227;o e, em cerca de 50% dos casos, uma repeti&#231;&#227;o das corre&#231;&#245;es cir&#250;rgicas, dilata&#231;&#227;o de bal&#227;o ou coloca&#231;&#227;o de stents<sup>7</sup>. </p>
    <p>Em conclus&#227;o, a origem an&#244;mala da art&#233;ria pulmonar direita da aorta ascendente &#233; uma anomalia muito rara, e com mau progn&#243;stico se n&#227;o tratada precocemente. Deve sempre ser feito o diagn&#243;stico diferencial de detec&#231;&#227;o precoce e de corre&#231;&#227;o. A corre&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica &#233; quase sempre poss&#237;vel e o resultado &#233; satisfat&#243;rio. A estenose residual do ramo pulmonar &#233; freq&#252;ente, podendo ser tratado sem maiores riscos atrav&#233;s de cateterismo eletivo.</p>
    <p>
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-83-06-0516-00010-e01.jpg"/></p>
    <p>
      <fn id="end" fn-type="corresp">
        <label>
          <bold>Endere&#231;o para correspond&#234;ncia</bold>
        </label>
        <p> Miguel Arboleda </p>
        <p> Rua Tr&#237;poli, 350 dpto. 301 </p>
        <p> Miraflores - Lima 18, Peru </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="miguel_arboleda@hotmail.com">miguel_arboleda@hotmail.com</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p>Recebido para publica&#231;&#227;o: 14/04/2003 </p>
    <p> Aceito para publica&#231;&#227;o: 21/07/2004</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Report</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Surgical repair of the anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>The anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery (AORPA) from the ascending aorta is a rare congenital malformation. We describe an infant who underwent a surgical correction with direct anastomosis between the right pulmonary artery and the pulmonary trunk. Eighteen months later, the patient remains asymptomatic, and no significant residual stenosis was detected on angioresonance.</p>
      </abstract>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>CASE REPORT</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Surgical repair of the anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Miguel Arboleda; Iv&#225;n Ni&#241;o de Guzman; Eva Ticona; Gabriela Morales; Edgard Gloria; Plinio Obregon; Alfredo Lora; Mar&#237;a Ganiku; Manuel Adrianzen; Liana Falcon</bold>
      </p>
      <p> Lima - Peru </p>
      <p>Instituto Nacional del Coraz&#243;n - Departamento de Cardiopediatr&#237;a (ESSALUD), Lima - Per&#250; and Resonancia Magn&#233;tica S.A. (RESOMASA), Lima &#150; Per&#250; </p>
      <p>
        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end-body2">Correspondence</xref>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>ABSTRACT</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery (AORPA) from the ascending aorta is a rare congenital malformation. We describe an infant who underwent a surgical correction with direct anastomosis between the right pulmonary artery and the pulmonary trunk. Eighteen months later, the patient remains asymptomatic, and no significant residual stenosis was detected on angioresonance. </p>
      <p>The aortic origin of the right or left pulmonary artery is an infrequent cardiac anomaly whose incidence is &lt;1% of all the congenital cardiac malformations. </p>
      <p>This cardiopathy consists of the abnormal origin of one of the pulmonary arteries directly from the aorta, either the ascending portion or the transverse aortic arch. </p>
      <p>In 70-80% of cases, it is the right pulmonary artery (RPA) that grows directly from the ascending aorta, and in 75% of cases this cardiopathy is associated with patent ductus arteriosis (PDA). </p>
      <p>The clinical setting is characterized by increased pulmonary blood flow, congestive heart failure, and cyanosis when the pulmonary pressure and vascular resistance are too elevated. </p>
      <p>The diagnosis must be made by echocardiography. The exclusion of one lung from the pulmonary radionucleotide angiography injected through a peripherial vein is a strong indicator of this diagnosis. Nevertheless, angiocardiography offers very important additional information <sup>1</sup>. </p>
      <p>The corrective surgical treatment is unquestionable and urgent and must be performed early after diagnosis because without it mortality rates reach 70% before 6 months of age <sup>2</sup>. </p>
      <p>We describe the case of a nursing female infant with such an anomaly illustrated by echocardiographic and angiocardiographic imaging performed before the surgical correction and current ones obtained by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 9 months after the surgery. </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Case Report</bold>
      </p>
      <p>A 6-month-old female patient with a background of pneumonia was diagnosed by echocardiography as having PDA with important hemodynamic distress. At 5 months of age, the infant underwent surgery to close the PDA, still experiencing pulmonary plethora, severe pulmonary hypertension, episodes of cyanosis, and intrahospital respiratory infection. The study with radionucleotide angiography showed perfusional exclusion of the right lung even though a chest X-ray showed a bilateral accentuated pulmonary vasculature pattern and signs of pulmonary hypertension. A new echocardiography detected the anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery (AORPA), the absence of residual PDA, and severe pulmonary hypertension. Subsequently, the patient underwent cardiac catheterization that confirmed the AORPA from the ascending aorta and severe bilateral pulmonary hypertension, being suprasystemic on the left side. </p>
      <p>When the infant was 6 months of age and weighed 5,150 grams, the surgical repair was performed with the help of extracorporeal circulation with hypothermia of 28&#186;C and cold blood cardioplegia. The RPA arose from the left posterior wall of the ascending aorta, far enough from the aortic valve plane and from the origin of the brachiocephalic trunk. </p>
      <p>The previously ligated PDA was excised from the aorta and main pulmonary artery. Both pulmonary arteries were widely dissected to obtain their maximum mobilization. With the heart arrested, the RPA of the aorta was disconnected, repairing the opening with a continuous polipropilene suture. Next, a longitudinal incision was made on the lateral wall of the pulmonary trunk where the RPA was anastomosed in termino&#150;lateral fashion from behind the aorta and without the use of prosthetic material. </p>
      <p>At the conclusion of the surgery, the pressure on the main pulmonary artery was approximately 50% of the systemic pressure. The girl was weaned off ventilation assistance after 24 hours, progressed satisfactorily, and was released 7 days after surgery. Eighteen months after surgery, the patient is asymptomatic without medication and in good general condition. </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Discussion</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The aortic origin of a pulmonary artery is an infrequent anomaly, being &lt;1% of all congenital cardiopathies. Although either one or both of the pulmonary arteries can originate directly from the aorta, either from the ascending portion or the transverse arch portion, in almost 80% of cases it is the RPA that originates from the ascending aorta and in approximately 75% of cases a PDA is present <sup>1,2</sup>. Nevertheless, other cardiac anomalies can coexist, amongst which Fallot's tetralogy is the most frequent <sup>3,4</sup>. </p>
      <p> Commonly, the clinical episode is dominated by accentuated pulmonary vasculature and severe early pulmonary hypertension that leads to congestive heart failure and crying-triggered cyanosis. Recurrent respiratory infections frequently aggravate the clinical status. </p>
      <p>Nonetheless, the low incidence of this anomaly can lead to confusion with other more frequent conditions with very similar clinical episodes. Such is the case described herein, the first reported in our country, which initially was not detected with the clinical examination and the first echocardiographic test. </p>
      <p>Certain clinical signs and data from supplementary examinations exist and without being specific are very frequent in this anomaly. The presence of cyanosis on effort can be explained by a right to left shunt through the PDA or from the persistence of the foramen ovale in the presence of high pulmonary resistance. </p>
      <p>The injection of radioactive isotopes through a peripheral vein shows perfusion exclusion of the right lung when it is the right artery that originates from the ascending aorta. This finding can lead us to erroneous interpretations, such as thrombosis or accidental ligature of the RPA if a surgical procedure had been previously conducted. </p>
      <p>The echocardiography is usually sufficient for an accurate diagnosis <sup>5</sup>. The images obtained from parasternal short axis and apical 4-chamber images allow a precise diagnosis (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig01-body2">fig. 1</xref>). </p>
      <fig id="fig01-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-83-06-0516-00010-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>Nevertheless, the cardiac catheterization can provide important anatomic and presoric details (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig02-body2">fig. 2</xref>). It is important to point out the elevated pulmonary pressure that reaches suprasystemic levels in the normally perfused lung, in this case the left one due to receiving all systemic venous return. Lastly, the catheterization must be performed in case of diagnostic doubt. </p>
      <fig id="fig02-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-83-06-0516-00010-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>Less invasive and with optimum results, magnetic angioresonance is a good diagnostic alternative <sup>6</sup>. </p>
      <p>Although the first references to this pathology date back to the XIX century, in Fraentzel's 1868 historic reference, most of the publications report a small number of cases, one of the longest series being that published by Abu-Sulaiman et al <sup>7</sup> with 14 patients operated on throughout a period of 36 years. </p>
      <p>Given the seriousness of this anomaly, surgical repair must be performed as early as possible; nevertheless, there are reports of successful interventions even in adolescent patients <sup>8 </sup>. Although corrective surgery can almost always be performed, the banding of the anomalous pulmonary artery and the ligature of the PDA have been described as a palliative alternative in special cases such as premature infants with very low weight <sup>9</sup>. </p>
      <p>Several surgical strategies have been proposed, such as deep hypothermia and total circulatory arrest <sup>2</sup>, use of vascular grafts, and placement of the RPA in front of the aorta. </p>
      <p>In the presented case, extracorporeal circulation and hypothermia at 28&#186;C with cold blood intermittent cardioplegia was utilized. As reported in most publications, it was possible to reestablish the connection between the RPA and the pulmonary trunk from behind the aorta without the use of grafts and by direct anastomoses of both structures. Likewise, the posterior wall of the aorta was directly repaired with continuous suture. </p>
      <p>Hospital mortality in the most serious series of patients operated on ranged between 21 and 25% <sup>7,10</sup>. No late postoperative deaths were reported, a fact that suggests that survival after surgical repair is satisfactory. The patient presented in this clinical case had a satisfactory postoperative evolution with a quick and significant reduction in pulmonary pressure and was released 7 days after the surgery. </p>
      <p>Eighteen months after surgery, the patient is asymptomatic and in excellent general health. A control echocardiography shows normal-sized cardiac cavities, normal pulmonary pressure, and a pressure gradient of 12 mmHg between the main and the right pulmonary arteries. The MRI showed a normal blood flow towards both lungs and the absence of stenosis of the main pulmonary artery and its branches. </p>
      <p>Nevertheless, a long-term follow-up is required because the most frequent residual lesion is the stenosis of the pulmonary branch at the level of the anastomosis. Such a condition requires some type of intervention, and in close to 50% of the cases a repetition of the surgical repairs, balloon dilation or placement of stents is needed <sup>7</sup>. </p>
      <p>In conclusion, the anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta is a very infrequent congenital anomaly, but with a bad prognosis if not promptly treated; it must always be considered to increase the chances of early detection and correction. The corrective surgical treatment is almost always possible and the result satisfactory. The residual stenosis of the pulmonary branch is frequent but can be treated by interventional catheterization with low risk and in an elective manner.</p>
      <p>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-83-06-0516-00010-e01-en.jpg"/></p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
      <p>
        <fn id="end-body2" fn-type="corresp">
          <label>
            <bold>Correspondence to</bold>
          </label>
          <p> Miguel Arboleda</p>
          <p> Calle Tr&#237;poli, 350 - dpto. 301 </p>
          <p> Miraflores - Lima 18 &#150; Lima &#150; Peru </p>
          <p> E-mail: </p>
          <p>
            <email xlink:href="miguel_arboleda@hotmail.com">miguel_arboleda@hotmail.com</email>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </p>
      <p>Received for publication in 04/14/2003 </p>
      <p> Accept in 07/21/2004</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
